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Ortega MA, Zhou R, Chen MSS, Bewg WP, Simon B, Tsai C. In vitro floral development in poplar: insights into seed trichome regulation and trimonoecy. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1078-1081. [PMID: 36385612 PMCID: PMC10107547 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María A. Ortega
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Ran Zhou
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Margot S. S. Chen
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - William Patrick Bewg
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Bindu Simon
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
| | - Chung‐Jui Tsai
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural ResourceUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
- Department of GeneticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA30602USA
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2
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Prewitt SF, Shalit-Kaneh A, Maximova SN, Guiltinan MJ. Inter-species functional compatibility of the Theobroma cacao and Arabidopsis FT orthologs: 90 million years of functional conservation of meristem identity genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:218. [PMID: 33990176 PMCID: PMC8122565 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02982-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In angiosperms the transition to flowering is controlled by a complex set of interacting networks integrating a range of developmental, physiological, and environmental factors optimizing transition time for maximal reproductive efficiency. The molecular mechanisms comprising these networks have been partially characterized and include both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory pathways. Florigen, encoded by FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) orthologs, is a conserved central integrator of several flowering time regulatory pathways. To characterize the molecular mechanisms involved in controlling cacao flowering time, we have characterized a cacao candidate florigen gene, TcFLOWERING LOCUS T (TcFT). Understanding how this conserved flowering time regulator affects cacao plant's transition to flowering could lead to strategies to accelerate cacao breeding. RESULTS BLAST searches of cacao genome reference assemblies identified seven candidate members of the CENTRORADIALIS/TERMINAL FLOWER1/SELF PRUNING gene family including a single florigen candidate. cDNA encoding the predicted cacao florigen was cloned and functionally tested by transgenic genetic complementation in the Arabidopsis ft-10 mutant. Transgenic expression of the candidate TcFT cDNA in late flowering Arabidopsis ft-10 partially rescues the mutant to wild-type flowering time. Gene expression studies reveal that TcFT is spatially and temporally expressed in a manner similar to that found in Arabidopsis, specifically, TcFT mRNA is shown to be both developmentally and diurnally regulated in leaves and is most abundant in floral tissues. Finally, to test interspecies compatibility of florigens, we transformed cacao tissues with AtFT resulting in the remarkable formation of flowers in tissue culture. The morphology of these in vitro flowers is normal, and they produce pollen that germinates in vitro with high rates. CONCLUSION We have identified the cacao CETS gene family, central to developmental regulation in angiosperms. The role of the cacao's single FT-like gene (TcFT) as a general regulator of determinate growth in cacao was demonstrated by functional complementation of Arabidopsis ft-10 late-flowering mutant and through gene expression analysis. In addition, overexpression of AtFT in cacao resulted in precocious flowering in cacao tissue culture demonstrating the highly conserved function of FT and the mechanisms controlling flowering in cacao.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Prewitt
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - A Shalit-Kaneh
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - S N Maximova
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - M J Guiltinan
- Department of Plant Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Alves FC, Balmant KM, Resende MFR, Kirst M, de Los Campos G. Accelerating forest tree breeding by integrating genomic selection and greenhouse phenotyping. THE PLANT GENOME 2020; 13:e20048. [PMID: 33217213 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Breeding forest species can be a costly and slow process because of the extensive areas needed for field trials and the long periods (e.g., five years) that are required to measure economically and environmentally relevant phenotypes (e.g., adult plant biomass or plant height). Genomic selection (GS) and indirect selection using early phenotypes (e.g., phenotypes collected in greenhouse conditions) are two ways by which tree breeding can be accelerated. These approaches can both reduce the costs of field-testing and the time required to make selection decisions. Moreover, these approaches can be highly synergistic. Therefore, in this study, we used a data set comprising DNA genotypes and longitudinal measurements of growth collected from a population of Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall (eastern cottonwood) in the greenhouse and the field, to evaluate the potential impact of integrating large-scale greenhouse phenotyping with conventional GS. We found that the integration of greenhouse phenotyping and GS can deliver very early selection decisions that are moderately accurate. Therefore, we conclude that the adoption of these approaches, in conjunction with reproductive techniques that shorten the generation interval, can lead to an unprecedented acceleration of selection gains in P. deltoides and, potentially, other commercially planted tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe C Alves
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Kelly M Balmant
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Marcio F R Resende
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, 32611, USA
- Horticulture Science Department, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Matias Kirst
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, 32611, USA
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, 32611, USA
- Horticulture Science Department, University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Gustavo de Los Campos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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4
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Kersten B, Leite Montalvão AP, Hoenicka H, Vettori C, Paffetti D, Fladung M. Sequencing of two transgenic early-flowering poplar lines confirmed vector-free single-locus T-DNA integration. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:321-337. [PMID: 32356192 PMCID: PMC7283205 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-020-00203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) approaches are attractive alternatives to the PCR-based characterisation of genetically modified plants for safety assessment and labelling since NGS is highly sensitive to the detection of T-DNA inserts as well as vector backbone sequences in transgenic plants. In this study, two independent transgenic male Populus tremula lines, T193-2 and T195-1, both carrying the FLOWERING LOCUS T gene from Arabidopsis thaliana under control of a heat-inducible promoter (pHSP::AtFT) and the non-transgenic control clone W52, were further characterised by NGS and third-generation sequencing. The results support previous findings that the T-DNA was hemizygously inserted in one genomic locus of each line. However, the T-DNA insertions consist of conglomerations of one or two T-DNA copies together with a small T-DNA fragment without AtFT parts. Based on NGS data, no additional T-DNA splinters or vector backbone sequences could be identified in the genome of the two transgenic lines. Seedlings derived from crosses between the pHSP::AtFT transgenic male parents and female wild type plants are therefore expected to be T-DNA splinter or vector backbone free. Thus, PCR analyses amplifying a partial T-DNA fragment with AtFT-specific primers are sufficient to determine whether the seedlings are transgenic or not. An analysis of 72 second generation-seedlings clearly showed that about 50% of them still reveal the presence of the T-DNA, confirming data already published. To prove if unanticipated genomic changes were induced by T-DNA integration, extended future studies using long-range sequencing technologies are required once a suitable chromosome-level P. tremula reference genome sequence is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Kersten
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | | | - Hans Hoenicka
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Cristina Vettori
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Donatella Paffetti
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry, Agricultural Genetics Section, University of Florence, P. le delle Cascine 18, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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Briones MV, Hoenicka H, Cañas LA, Beltrán JP, Hanelt D, Sharry S, Fladung M. Efficient evaluation of a gene containment system for poplar through early flowering induction. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2020; 39:577-587. [PMID: 32052127 PMCID: PMC7165154 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The early flowering system HSP::AtFT allowed a fast evaluation of a gene containment system based on the construct PsEND1::barnase-barstar for poplar. Transgenic lines showed disturbed pollen development and sterility. Vertical gene transfer through pollen flow from transgenic or non-native plant species into their crossable natural relatives is a major concern. Gene containment approaches have been proposed to reduce or even avoid gene flow among tree species. However, evaluation of genetic containment strategies for trees is very difficult due to the long-generation times. Early flowering induction would allow faster evaluation of genetic containment in this case. Although no reliable methods were available for the induction of fertile flowers in poplar, recently, a new early flowering approach was developed. In this study, early flowering poplar lines containing the gene construct PsEND1::barnase-barstar were obtained. The PsEND1 promoter was chosen due to its early expression pattern, its versality and efficiency for generation of male-sterile plants fused to the barnase gene. RT-PCRs confirmed barnase gene activity in flowers, and pollen development was disturbed, leading to sterile flowers. The system developed in this study represents a valuable tool for gene containment studies in forest tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Valentina Briones
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, B1900, La Plata, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), B1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Hans Hoenicka
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - Luis A Cañas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Pío Beltrán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Dieter Hanelt
- Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften und Mikrobiologie, Universität Hamburg, 22609, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Sharry
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones de la Madera (LIMAD), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, B1900, La Plata, Argentina
- CIT-Viedma, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, R8500, Viedma, Argentina
- Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC), B1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
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Bewg WP, Ci D, Tsai CJ. Genome Editing in Trees: From Multiple Repair Pathways to Long-Term Stability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1732. [PMID: 30532764 PMCID: PMC6265510 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR technology continues to diversify with a broadening array of applications that touch all kingdoms of life. The simplicity, versatility and species-independent nature of the CRISPR system offers researchers a previously unattainable level of precision and control over genomic modifications. Successful applications in forest, fruit and nut trees have demonstrated the efficacy of CRISPR technology at generating null mutations in the first generation. This eliminates the lengthy process of multigenerational crosses to obtain homozygous knockouts (KO). The high degree of genome heterozygosity in outcrossing trees is both a challenge and an opportunity for genome editing: a challenge because sequence polymorphisms at the target site can render CRISPR editing ineffective; yet an opportunity because the power and specificity of CRISPR can be harnessed for allele-specific editing. Examination of CRISPR/Cas9-induced mutational profiles from published tree studies reveals the potential involvement of multiple DNA repair pathways, suggesting that the influence of sequence context at or near the target sites can define mutagenesis outcomes. For commercial production of elite trees that rely on vegetative propagation, available data suggest an excellent outlook for stable CRISPR-induced mutations and associated phenotypes over multiple clonal generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Patrick Bewg
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Department of Genetics, and Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Dong Ci
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Department of Genetics, and Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Department of Genetics, and Department of Plant Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Chung-Jui Tsai,
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
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8
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Hoenicka H, Lehnhardt D, Briones V, Nilsson O, Fladung M. Low temperatures are required to induce the development of fertile flowers in transgenic male and female early flowering poplar (Populus tremula L.). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 36:667-77. [PMID: 27052434 PMCID: PMC4886290 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpw015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Until now, artificial early flowering poplar systems have mostly led to the development of sterile flowers. In this study, several strategies aimed at inducting fertile flowers in pHSP::AtFT transgenic poplar were evaluated, in particular the influence of temperature and photoperiod. Our results provide evidence that temperature, and not photoperiod, is the key factor required for the development of fertile flowers in early flowering poplar. Fertile flowers were only obtained when a cold treatment phase of several weeks was used after the heat treatment phase. Heat treatments induced AtFT gene activity through activation of the heat-shock promoter (pHSP). Photoperiod did not show a similar influence on flower fertility as pollen grains were obtained under both long- and short-day conditions. Fertility was confirmed in flowers of both male and female plants. For the first time, crosses were successfully performed with transgenic female early flowering poplar. All mature flowers obtained after 8 weeks of inductive treatments were fertile. Gene expression studies also confirmed that cold temperatures influenced expression of poplar genes homologous to 'pollen development genes' from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Homology and expression patterns suggested a role for PtTDF1, PtBAM1, PtSERK1/2 and PtMS1 on anther and pollen development in poplar flowers. The system developed in this study allows a fast and very reliable induction of fertile poplar flowers in a very short period of time. The non-reproductive phase, usually 7-10 years, can now be shortened to 6-10 months, and fertile flowers can be obtained independently of the season. This system is a reliable tool for breeding purposes (high-speed breeding technology), genomics and biosafety research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hoenicka
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Denise Lehnhardt
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Valentina Briones
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany Universidad Nacional de la Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
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9
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Hoenicka H, Lehnhardt D, Nunna S, Reinhardt R, Jeltsch A, Briones V, Fladung M. Level of tissue differentiation influences the activation of a heat-inducible flower-specific system for genetic containment in poplar (Populus tremula L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:369-84. [PMID: 26521210 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1890-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation level but not transgene copy number influenced activation of a gene containment system in poplar. Heat treatments promoted CRE gene body methylation. The flower-specific transgene deletion was confirmed. Gene flow between genetic modified trees and their wild relatives is still motive of concern. Therefore, approaches for gene containment are required. In this study, we designed a novel strategy for achieving an inducible and flower-specific transgene removal from poplar trees but still expressing the transgene in the plant body. Hence, pollen carrying transgenes could be used for breeding purposes under controlled conditions in a first phase, and in the second phase genetic modified poplars developing transgene-free pollen grains could be released. This approach is based on the recombination systems CRE/loxP and FLP/frt. Both gene constructs contained a heat-inducible CRE/loxP-based spacer sequence for in vivo assembling of the flower-specific FLP/frt system. This allowed inducible activation of gene containment. The FLP/frt system was under the regulation of a flower-specific promoter, either CGPDHC or PTD. Our results confirmed complete CRE/loxP-based in vivo assembling of the flower-specific transgene excision system after heat treatment in all cells for up to 30 % of regenerants derived from undifferentiated tissue cultures. Degradation of HSP::CRE/loxP spacer after recombination but also persistence as extrachromosomal DNA circles were detected in sub-lines obtained after heat treatments. Furthermore, heat treatment promoted methylation of the CRE gene body. A lower methylation level was detected at CpG sites in transgenic sub-lines showing complete CRE/loxP recombination and persistence of CRE/loxP spacer, compared to sub-lines with incomplete recombination. However, our results suggest that low methylation might be necessary but not sufficient for recombination. The flower-specific FLP/frt-based transgene deletion was confirmed in 6.3 % of flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hoenicka
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
| | - Denise Lehnhardt
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Suneetha Nunna
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Albert Jeltsch
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Fladung
- Thünen-Institute of Forest Genetics, 22927, Grosshansdorf, Germany.
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10
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Klocko AL, Ma C, Robertson S, Esfandiari E, Nilsson O, Strauss SH. FT overexpression induces precocious flowering and normal reproductive development in Eucalyptus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:808-19. [PMID: 26132805 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Eucalyptus trees are among the most important species for industrial forestry worldwide. However, as with most forest trees, flowering does not begin for one to several years after planting which can limit the rate of conventional and molecular breeding. To speed flowering, we transformed a Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla hybrid (SP7) with a variety of constructs that enable overexpression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). We found that FT expression led to very early flowering, with events showing floral buds within 1-5 months of transplanting to the glasshouse. The most rapid flowering was observed when the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was used to drive the Arabidopsis thaliana FT gene (AtFT). Early flowering was also observed with AtFT overexpression from a 409S ubiquitin promoter and under heat induction conditions with Populus trichocarpa FT1 (PtFT1) under control of a heat-shock promoter. Early flowering trees grew robustly, but exhibited a highly branched phenotype compared to the strong apical dominance of nonflowering transgenic and control trees. AtFT-induced flowers were morphologically normal and produced viable pollen grains and viable self- and cross-pollinated seeds. Many self-seedlings inherited AtFT and flowered early. FT overexpression-induced flowering in Eucalyptus may be a valuable means for accelerating breeding and genetic studies as the transgene can be easily segregated away in progeny, restoring normal growth and form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Klocko
- Department Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Cathleen Ma
- Department Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sarah Robertson
- Department Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Elahe Esfandiari
- Department Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ove Nilsson
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steven H Strauss
- Department Forest Ecosystems & Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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11
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Strauss SH, Ma C, Ault K, Klocko AL. Lessons from Two Decades of Field Trials with Genetically Modified Trees in the USA: Biology and Regulatory Compliance. BIOSAFETY OF FOREST TRANSGENIC TREES 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-7531-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhou X, Jacobs TB, Xue LJ, Harding SA, Tsai CJ. Exploiting SNPs for biallelic CRISPR mutations in the outcrossing woody perennial Populus reveals 4-coumarate:CoA ligase specificity and redundancy. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:298-301. [PMID: 25970829 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zhou
- School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Thomas B Jacobs
- Institute for Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Liang-Jiao Xue
- School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Scott A Harding
- School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Chung-Jui Tsai
- School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Tsai CJ, Xue LJ. CRISPRing into the woods. GM CROPS & FOOD 2015; 6:206-15. [PMID: 26357840 PMCID: PMC5033219 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2015.1091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a welcome breakthrough for genome editing, owing to its precision, efficiency, versatility and ease of adoption. We recently reported the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 for biallelic mutations in stably transformed Populus, extending the species range of this powerful technology to woody perennials. An underappreciated obstacle in genome editing of outcrossing species is the frequent occurrence of sequence polymorphisms that can render CRISPR/Cas9 unproductive. We discuss experimental evidence as well as genome-wide computational analysis to demonstrate the sensitivity of CRISPR/Cas9 to allelic heterozygosity, and highlight tools and strategies that can help deal with such sequence polymorphisms. With its specificity, CRISPR/Cas9 offers a less equivocal means than previous approaches for discerning functional redundancy of paralogous genes that are prevalent in plant genomes. Continuing improvements of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for multiplex genome engineering should facilitate these efforts. The paradigm shift brought about by CRISPR/Cas9 promises to accelerate not only basic research but also applied crop improvement progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jui Tsai
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, and Department of Genetics; University of Georgia; Athens, GA USA
| | - Liang-Jiao Xue
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, and Department of Genetics; University of Georgia; Athens, GA USA
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14
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Tsai CJ, Xue LJ. CRISPRing into the woods. GM CROPS & FOOD 2015. [PMID: 26357840 DOI: 10.1080/21645698.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a welcome breakthrough for genome editing, owing to its precision, efficiency, versatility and ease of adoption. We recently reported the first application of CRISPR/Cas9 for biallelic mutations in stably transformed Populus, extending the species range of this powerful technology to woody perennials. An underappreciated obstacle in genome editing of outcrossing species is the frequent occurrence of sequence polymorphisms that can render CRISPR/Cas9 unproductive. We discuss experimental evidence as well as genome-wide computational analysis to demonstrate the sensitivity of CRISPR/Cas9 to allelic heterozygosity, and highlight tools and strategies that can help deal with such sequence polymorphisms. With its specificity, CRISPR/Cas9 offers a less equivocal means than previous approaches for discerning functional redundancy of paralogous genes that are prevalent in plant genomes. Continuing improvements of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for multiplex genome engineering should facilitate these efforts. The paradigm shift brought about by CRISPR/Cas9 promises to accelerate not only basic research but also applied crop improvement progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Jui Tsai
- a Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, and Department of Genetics; University of Georgia ; Athens , GA USA
| | - Liang-Jiao Xue
- a Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, and Department of Genetics; University of Georgia ; Athens , GA USA
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