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Omata Y, Sato R, Mishiro-Sato E, Kano K, Ueda H, Hara-Nishimura I, Shimada TL. Lipid droplets in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves contain myosin-binding proteins and enzymes associated with furan-containing fatty acid biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1331479. [PMID: 38495375 PMCID: PMC10940516 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1331479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are lipid storage organelles in plant leaves and seeds. Seed LD proteins are well known, and their functions in lipid metabolism have been characterized; however, many leaf LD proteins remain to be identified. We therefore isolated LDs from leaves of the leaf LD-overaccumulating mutant high sterol ester 1 (hise1) of Arabidopsis thaliana by centrifugation or co-immunoprecipitation. We then performed LD proteomics by mass spectrometry and identified 3,206 candidate leaf LD proteins. In this study, we selected 31 candidate proteins for transient expression assays using a construct encoding the candidate protein fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP). Fluorescence microscopy showed that MYOSIN BINDING PROTEIN14 (MYOB14) and two uncharacterized proteins localized to LDs labeled with the LD marker. Subcellular localization analysis of MYOB family members revealed that MYOB1, MYOB2, MYOB3, and MYOB5 localized to LDs. LDs moved along actin filaments together with the endoplasmic reticulum. Co-immunoprecipitation of myosin XIK with MYOB2-GFP or MYOB14-GFP suggested that LD-localized MYOBs are involved in association with the myosin XIK-LDs. The two uncharacterized proteins were highly similar to enzymes for furan fatty acid biosynthesis in the photosynthetic bacterium Cereibacter sphaeroides, suggesting a relationship between LDs and furan fatty acid biosynthesis. Our findings thus reveal potential molecular functions of LDs and provide a valuable resource for further studies of the leaf LD proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Omata
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Reina Sato
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Emi Mishiro-Sato
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keiko Kano
- World Premier International Research Center Initiative-Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruko Ueda
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Takashi L. Shimada
- Faculty of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
- Research Center for Space Agriculture and Horticulture, Chiba University, Matsudo, Japan
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2
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Hu J, Chen F, Zang J, Li Z, Wang J, Wang Z, Shi L, Xiu Y, Lin S. Native promoter-mediated transcriptional regulation of crucial oleosin protein OLE1 from Prunus sibirica for seed development and high oil accumulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126650. [PMID: 37666400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Oleosin (OLE) is vital to stabilize lipid droplet for seed triacylglycerol (TAG) storage. This work aimed to determine key OLE and to unravel mechanism that governed seed oil accumulation of Prunus sibirica for developing biodiesel. An integrated assay of global identification of LD-related protein and the cross-accessions/developing stages comparisons associated with oil accumulative amount and OLE transcript level was performed on seeds of 12 plus trees of P. sibirica to identify OLE1 (15.5 kDa) as key oleosin protein crucial for high seed oil accumulation. The OLE1 gene and its promoter were cloned from P. sibirica seeds, and overexpression of PsOLE1 in Arabidopsis was conducted under the controls of native promoter and constitutive CaMV35S promoter, respectively. PsOLE1 promoter had seed-specific cis-elements and showed seed specificity, by which PsOLE1 was specifically expressed in seeds. Ectopic overexpression of PsOLE1, especially driven by its promoter, could facilitate seed development and oil accumulation with an increase in unsaturated FAs, and upregulate transcript of TAG assembly enzymes, but suppress transcript of LD/TAG-hydrolyzed lipases and transporters, revealing a role of native promoter-mediated transcription of PsOLE1 in seed development and oil accumulation. PsOLE1 and its promoter have considerable potential for engineering oil accumulation in oilseed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhe Hu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Feng Chen
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junxin Zang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi Li
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lingling Shi
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Xiu
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shanzhi Lin
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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3
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Cao VD, Luo G, Korynta S, Liu H, Liang Y, Shanklin J, Altpeter F. Intron-mediated enhancement of DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE1 expression in energycane promotes a step change for lipid accumulation in vegetative tissues. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:153. [PMID: 37838699 PMCID: PMC10576891 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic engineering for hyperaccumulation of lipids in vegetative tissues is a novel strategy for enhancing energy density and biofuel production from biomass crops. Energycane is a prime feedstock for this approach due to its high biomass production and resilience under marginal conditions. DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE (DGAT) catalyzes the last and only committed step in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) and can be a rate-limiting enzyme for the production of TAG. RESULTS In this study, we explored the effect of intron-mediated enhancement (IME) on the expression of DGAT1 and resulting accumulation of TAG and total fatty acid (TFA) in leaf and stem tissues of energycane. To maximize lipid accumulation these evaluations were carried out by co-expressing the lipogenic transcription factor WRINKLED1 (WRI1) and the TAG protect factor oleosin (OLE1). Including an intron in the codon-optimized TmDGAT1 elevated the accumulation of its transcript in leaves by seven times on average based on 5 transgenic lines for each construct. Plants with WRI1 (W), DGAT1 with intron (Di), and OLE1 (O) expression (WDiO) accumulated TAG up to a 3.85% of leaf dry weight (DW), a 192-fold increase compared to non-modified energycane (WT) and a 3.8-fold increase compared to the highest accumulation under the intron-less gene combination (WDO). This corresponded to TFA accumulation of up to 8.4% of leaf dry weight, a 2.8-fold or 6.1-fold increase compared to WDO or WT, respectively. Co-expression of WDiO resulted in stem accumulations of TAG up to 1.14% of DW or TFA up to 2.08% of DW that exceeded WT by 57-fold or 12-fold and WDO more than twofold, respectively. Constitutive expression of these lipogenic "push pull and protect" factors correlated with biomass reduction. CONCLUSIONS Intron-mediated enhancement (IME) of the expression of DGAT resulted in a step change in lipid accumulation of energycane and confirmed that under our experimental conditions it is rate limiting for lipid accumulation. IME should be applied to other lipogenic factors and metabolic engineering strategies. The findings from this study may be valuable in developing a high biomass feedstock for commercial production of lipids and advanced biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet Dang Cao
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Shelby Korynta
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Yuanxue Liang
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Upton, NY, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Upton, NY, USA.
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Bansal S, Sundararajan S, Shekhawat PK, Singh S, Soni P, Tripathy MK, Ram H. Rice lipases: a conundrum in rice bran stabilization: a review on their impact and biotechnological interventions. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:985-1003. [PMID: 37649880 PMCID: PMC10462582 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Rice is a primary food and is one of the most important constituents of diets all around the world. Rice bran is a valuable component of rice, containing many oil-soluble vitamins, minerals, and oil. It is known for its ability to improve the economic value of rice. Further, it contains substantial quantities of minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron and antioxidants like tocopherols, tocotrienols, and γ-oryzanol, indicating that rice bran can be utilized effectively against several life-threatening disorders. It is difficult to fully utilize the necessary nutrients due to the presence of lipases in rice bran. These lipases break down lipids, specifically Triacylglycerol, into free fatty acids and glycerol. This review discusses physicochemical properties, mechanism of action, distribution, and activity of lipases in various components of rice seeds. The phylogenetic and gene expression analysis helped to understand the differential expression pattern of lipase genes at different growth phases of rice plant. Further, this review discusses various genetic and biotechnological approaches to decrease lipase activity in rice and other plants, which could potentially prevent the degradation of bran oil. The goal is to establish whether lipases are a major contributor to this issue and to develop rice varieties with improved bran stability. This information sets the stage for upcoming molecular research in this area. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01343-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sector 81, Mohali, 140306 India
| | - Sathish Sundararajan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | | | - Shivangi Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Praveen Soni
- Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, JLN Marg, Jaipur, 302004 India
| | - Manas K. Tripathy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Hasthi Ram
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
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5
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Huang C, Li Y, Wang K, Xi J, Wang H, Zhu D, Jiang C, Si X, Shi D, Wang S, Li X, Huang J. WRINKLED1 Positively Regulates Oil Biosynthesis in Carya cathayensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6763-6774. [PMID: 37014130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) is a kind of important woody oil tree species, and its nut has high nutritional value. Previous gene coexpression analysis showed that WRINKLED1 (WRI1) may be a core regulator during embryo oil accumulation in hickory. However, its specific regulatory mechanism on hickory oil biosynthesis has not been investigated. Herein, two hickory orthologs of WRI1 (CcWRI1A and CcWRI1B) containing two AP2 domains with AW-box binding sites and three intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) but lacking the PEST motif in the C-terminus were characterized. They are nucleus-located and have self-activated ability. The expression of these two genes was tissue-specific and relatively high in the developing embryo. Notably, CcWRI1A and CcWRI1B can restore the low oil content, shrinkage phenotype, composition of fatty acid, and expression of oil biosynthesis pathway genes of Arabidopsis wri1-1 mutant seeds. Additionally, CcWRI1A/B were shown to modulate the expression of some fatty acid biosynthesis genes in the transient expression system of nonseed tissues. Transcriptional activation analysis further indicated that CcWRI1s directly activated the expression of SUCROSE SYNTHASE2 (SUS2), PYRUVATE KINASE β SUBUNIT 1 (PKP-β1), and BIOTIN CARBOXYL CARRIER PROTEIN2 (BCCP2) involved in oil biosynthesis. These results suggest that CcWRI1s can promote oil synthesis by upregulating some late glycolysis- and fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes. This work reveals the positive function of CcWRI1s in oil accumulation and provides a potential target for improving plant oil by bioengineering technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Jianwei Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Dongmei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiaolin Si
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Duanshun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China
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Yang J, Sooksa-nguan T, Kannan B, Cano-Alfanar S, Liu H, Kent A, Shanklin J, Altpeter F, Howe A. Microbiome differences in sugarcane and metabolically engineered oilcane accessions and their implications for bioenergy production. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:56. [PMID: 36998044 PMCID: PMC10064762 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
AbstractOilcane is a metabolically engineered sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) that hyper-accumulates lipids in its vegetable biomass to provide an advanced feedstock for biodiesel production. The potential impact of hyper-accumulation of lipids in vegetable biomass on microbiomes and the consequences of altered microbiomes on plant growth and lipid accumulation have not been explored so far. Here, we explore differences in the microbiome structure of different oilcane accessions and non-modified sugarcane. 16S SSU rRNA and ITS rRNA amplicon sequencing were performed to compare the characteristics of the microbiome structure from different plant compartments (leaf, stem, root, rhizosphere, and bulk soil) of four greenhouse-grown oilcane accessions and non-modified sugarcane. Significant differences were only observed in the bacterial microbiomes. In leaf and stem microbiomes, more than 90% of the entire microbiome of non-modified sugarcane and oilcane was dominated by similar core taxa. Taxa associated with Proteobacteria led to differences in the non-modified sugarcane and oilcane microbiome structure. While differences were observed between multiple accessions, accession 1566 was notable in that it was consistently observed to differ in its microbial membership than other accessions and had the lowest abundance of taxa associated with plant-growth-promoting bacteria. Accession 1566 is also unique among oilcane accessions in that it has the highest constitutive expression of the WRI1 transgene. The WRI1 transcription factor is known to contribute to significant changes in the global gene expression profile, impacting plant fatty acid biosynthesis and photomorphogenesis. This study reveals for the first time that genetically modified oilcanes associate with distinct microbiomes. Our findings suggest potential relationships between core taxa, biomass yield, and TAG in oilcane accessions and support further research on the relationship between plant genotypes and their microbiomes.
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Liang Y, Yu X, Anaokar S, Shi H, Dahl WB, Cai Y, Luo G, Chai J, Cai Y, Mollá‐Morales A, Altpeter F, Ernst E, Schwender J, Martienssen RA, Shanklin J. Engineering triacylglycerol accumulation in duckweed (Lemna japonica). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:317-330. [PMID: 36209479 PMCID: PMC9884027 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Duckweeds are amongst the fastest growing of higher plants, making them attractive high-biomass targets for biofuel feedstock production. Their fronds have high rates of fatty acid synthesis to meet the demand for new membranes, but triacylglycerols (TAG) only accumulate to very low levels. Here we report on the engineering of Lemna japonica for the synthesis and accumulation of TAG in its fronds. This was achieved by expression of an estradiol-inducible cyan fluorescent protein-Arabidopsis WRINKLED1 fusion protein (CFP-AtWRI1), strong constitutive expression of a mouse diacylglycerol:acyl-CoA acyltransferase2 (MmDGAT), and a sesame oleosin variant (SiOLE(*)). Individual expression of each gene increased TAG accumulation by 1- to 7-fold relative to controls, while expression of pairs of these genes increased TAG by 7- to 45-fold. In uninduced transgenics containing all three genes, TAG accumulation increased by 45-fold to 3.6% of dry weight (DW) without severely impacting growth, and by 108-fold to 8.7% of DW after incubation on medium containing 100 μm estradiol for 4 days. TAG accumulation was accompanied by an increase in total fatty acids of up to three-fold to approximately 15% of DW. Lipid droplets from fronds of all transgenic lines were visible by confocal microscopy of BODIPY-stained fronds. At a conservative 12 tonnes (dry matter) per acre and 10% (DW) TAG, duckweed could produce 350 gallons of oil/acre/year, approximately seven-fold the yield of soybean, and similar to that of oil palm. These findings provide the foundation for optimizing TAG accumulation in duckweed and present a new opportunity for producing biofuels and lipidic bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxue Liang
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Xiao‐Hong Yu
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Sanket Anaokar
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Hai Shi
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | | | - Yingqi Cai
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Guangbin Luo
- Agronomy Department, Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Jin Chai
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Yuanheng Cai
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | | | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Evan Ernst
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNYUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNYUSA
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
| | - Robert A. Martienssen
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNYUSA
- Howard Hughes Medical InstituteCold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNYUSA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology DepartmentBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNYUSA
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8
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Using systems metabolic engineering strategies for high-oil maize breeding. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102847. [PMID: 36446144 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Maize oil, which is a blend of fatty acid esters generated from triacylglycerol (TAG), is an important component of maize-derived food, feed, and biofuel. The kernel oil content in commercial high-oil maize hybrids averages ∼8%, which is far lower than that in developed high-oil maize lines (as high as 20%). Advances in high-oil maize genomics and genetics and the development of systems metabolic engineering technologies provide new opportunities for high-oil maize breeding. In this review, we discuss the possibility of using kernels and vegetative tissues as factories to produce TAG, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid. We further propose specific implementation strategies based on the metabolic engineering of other species to develop transgenic and gene-editing products, as well as traditional breeding strategies, for application in high-oil maize breeding programs.
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9
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Cai Y, Yu XH, Shanklin J. A toolkit for plant lipid engineering: Surveying the efficacies of lipogenic factors for accumulating specialty lipids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1064176. [PMID: 36589075 PMCID: PMC9795026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants produce energy-dense lipids from carbohydrates using energy acquired via photosynthesis, making plant oils an economically and sustainably attractive feedstock for conversion to biofuels and value-added bioproducts. A growing number of strategies have been developed and optimized in model plants, oilseed crops and high-biomass crops to enhance the accumulation of storage lipids (mostly triacylglycerols, TAGs) for bioenergy applications and to produce specialty lipids with increased uses and value for chemical feedstock and nutritional applications. Most successful metabolic engineering strategies involve heterologous expression of lipogenic factors that outperform those from other sources or exhibit specialized functionality. In this review, we summarize recent progress in engineering the accumulation of triacylglycerols containing - specialized fatty acids in various plant species and tissues. We also provide an inventory of specific lipogenic factors (including accession numbers) derived from a wide variety of organisms, along with their reported efficacy in supporting the accumulation of desired lipids. A review of previously obtained results serves as a foundation to guide future efforts to optimize combinations of factors to achieve further enhancements to the production and accumulation of desired lipids in a variety of plant tissues and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Cai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Xiao-Hong Yu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
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10
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Lin CY, Tian Y, Nelson-Vasilchik K, Hague J, Kakumanu R, Lee MY, Pidatala VR, Trinh J, De Ben CM, Dalton J, Northen TR, Baidoo EEK, Simmons BA, Gladden JM, Scown CD, Putnam DH, Kausch AP, Scheller HV, Eudes A. Engineering sorghum for higher 4-hydroxybenzoic acid content. Metab Eng Commun 2022; 15:e00207. [PMID: 36188638 PMCID: PMC9519784 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering bioenergy crops to accumulate coproducts in planta can increase the value of lignocellulosic biomass and enable a sustainable bioeconomy. In this study, we engineered sorghum with a bacterial gene encoding a chorismate pyruvate-lyase (ubiC) to reroute the plastidial pool of chorismate from the shikimate pathway into the valuable compound 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA). A gene encoding a feedback-resistant version of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulonate-7-phosphate synthase (aroG) was also introduced in an attempt to increase the carbon flux through the shikimate pathway. At the full maturity and senesced stage, two independent lines that co-express ubiC and aroG produced 1.5 and 1.7 dw% of 4-HBA in biomass, which represents 36- and 40-fold increases compared to the titer measured in wildtype. The two transgenic lines showed no obvious phenotypes, growth defects, nor alteration of cell wall polysaccharide content when cultivated under controlled conditions. In the field, when harvested before grain maturity, transgenic lines contained 0.8 and 1.2 dw% of 4-HBA, which represent economically relevant titers based on recent technoeconomic analysis. Only a slight reduction (11-15%) in biomass yield was observed in transgenics grown under natural environment. This work provides the first metabolic engineering steps toward 4-HBA overproduction in the bioenergy crop sorghum to improve the economics of biorefineries by accumulating a value-added coproduct that can be recovered from biomass and provide an additional revenue stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Lin
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yang Tian
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | | | - Joel Hague
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, RI, 02892, USA
| | - Ramu Kakumanu
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Mi Yeon Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Venkataramana R Pidatala
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jessica Trinh
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Christopher M De Ben
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jutta Dalton
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Trent R Northen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Edward E K Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - John M Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Department of Biomaterials and Biomanufacturing, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Corinne D Scown
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Energy & Biosciences Institute, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Daniel H Putnam
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Albert P Kausch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Rhode Island, RI, 02892, USA
| | - Henrik V Scheller
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Aymerick Eudes
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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11
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Cai Y, Zhai Z, Blanford J, Liu H, Shi H, Schwender J, Xu C, Shanklin J. Purple acid phosphatase2 stimulates a futile cycle of lipid synthesis and degradation, and mitigates the negative growth effects of triacylglycerol accumulation in vegetative tissues. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1128-1139. [PMID: 35851483 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Storage lipids (mostly triacylglycerols, TAGs) serve as an important energy and carbon reserve in plants, and hyperaccumulation of TAG in vegetative tissues can have negative effects on plant growth. Purple acid phosphatase2 (PAP2) was previously shown to affect carbon metabolism and boost plant growth. However, the effects of PAP2 on lipid metabolism remain unknown. Here, we demonstrated that PAP2 can stimulate a futile cycle of fatty acid (FA) synthesis and degradation, and mitigate negative growth effects associated with high accumulation of TAG in vegetative tissues. Constitutive expression of PAP2 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced both lipid synthesis and degradation in leaves and led to a substantial increase in seed oil yield. Suppressing lipid degradation in a PAP2-overexpressing line by disrupting sugar-dependent1 (SDP1), a predominant TAG lipase, significantly elevated vegetative TAG content and improved plant growth. Diverting FAs from membrane lipids to TAGs in PAP2-overexpressing plants by constitutively expressing phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (PDAT1) greatly increased TAG content in vegetative tissues without compromising biomass yield. These results highlight the potential of combining PAP2 with TAG-promoting factors to enhance carbon assimilation, FA synthesis and allocation to TAGs for optimized plant growth and storage lipid accumulation in vegetative tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Cai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Zhiyang Zhai
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jantana Blanford
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Hai Shi
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Changcheng Xu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
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12
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Kannan B, Liu H, Shanklin J, Altpeter F. Towards oilcane: preliminary field evaluation of metabolically engineered sugarcane with hyper-accumulation of triacylglycerol in vegetative tissues. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:64. [PMID: 37313011 PMCID: PMC10248597 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We recently generated oilcane, a metabolically engineered sugarcane with hyper-accumulation of energy dense triacylglycerol in vegetative tissues. Refinement of this strategy in high biomass crops like sugarcane may result in elevated lipid yields that exceed traditional oilseed crops for biodiesel production. This is the first report of agronomic performance, stable co-expression of lipogenic factors, and TAG accumulation in transgenic sugarcane under field conditions. Co-expression of WRI1; DGAT1, OLE1, and RNAi suppression of PXA1 was stable during the 2-year field evaluation and resulted in TAG accumulation up to 4.4% of leaf DW. This TAG accumulation was 70-fold higher than in non-transgenic sugarcane and more than 2-fold higher than previously reported for the same line under greenhouse conditions. TAG accumulation correlated highest with the expression of WRI1. However, constitutive expression of WRI1 was negatively correlated with biomass accumulation. Transgenic lines without WRI1 expression accumulated TAG up to 1.6% of leaf DW and displayed no biomass yield penalty in the plant cane. These findings confirm sugarcane as a promising platform for the production of vegetative lipids and will be used to inform strategies to maximize future biomass and lipid yields. The main conclusion is that constitutive expression of WRI1 in combination with additional lipogenic factors (DGAT1-2, OLE1, PXA1) in sugarcane under field conditions leads to hyper-accumulation of TAG and reduces biomass yield. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01333-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran Kannan
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Brookhaven, NY USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biosciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, Brookhaven, NY USA
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL USA
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13
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Singh R, Dien BS, Singh V. Solvent‐free enzymatic esterification of free fatty acids with glycerol for biodiesel application: Optimized using the Taguchi experimental method. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Singh
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Bruce S. Dien
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Bioenergy Research Unit, 1815 N University Peoria Illinois USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana Illinois USA
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14
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Luo G, Cao VD, Kannan B, Liu H, Shanklin J, Altpeter F. Metabolic engineering of energycane to hyperaccumulate lipids in vegetative biomass. BMC Biotechnol 2022; 22:24. [PMID: 36042455 PMCID: PMC9425976 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-022-00753-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metabolic engineering of high-biomass crops for lipid production in their vegetative biomass has recently been proposed as a strategy to elevate energy density and lipid yields for biodiesel production. Energycane and sugarcane are highly polyploid, interspecific hybrids between Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum that differ in the amount of ancestral contribution to their genomes. This results in greater biomass yield and persistence in energycane, which makes it the preferred target crop for biofuel production. Results Here, we report on the hyperaccumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG) in energycane following the overexpression of the lipogenic factors Diacylglycerol acyltransferase1-2 (DGAT1-2) and Oleosin1 (OLE1) in combination with RNAi suppression of SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 (SDP1) and Trigalactosyl diacylglycerol1 (TGD1). TAG accumulated up to 1.52% of leaf dry weight (DW,) a rate that was 30-fold that of non-modified energycane, in addition to almost doubling the total fatty acid content in leaves to 4.42% of its DW. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the accumulation of TAG had the highest correlation with the expression level of ZmDGAT1-2, followed by the level of RNAi suppression for SDP1. Conclusions This is the first report on the metabolic engineering of energycane and demonstrates that this resilient, high-biomass crop is an excellent target for the further optimization of the production of lipids from vegetative tissues. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-022-00753-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Luo
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Viet Dang Cao
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Baskaran Kannan
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA.
| | - Fredy Altpeter
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Agronomy Department, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, IFAS, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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15
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Zhang K, He J, Yin Y, Chen K, Deng X, Yu P, Li H, Zhao W, Yan S, Li M. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase 2 and 5 commonly, but differently, promote seed oil accumulation in Brassica napus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:83. [PMID: 35962411 PMCID: PMC9375321 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Increasing seed oil content (SOC) of Brassica napus has become one of the main plant breeding goals over the past decades. Lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAT) performs an important molecular function by regulating the production of phosphatidic acid (PA), a key intermediate in the synthesis of membrane and storage lipids. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of LPAT on the SOC of B. napus remains unclear. Results In the present study, significant elevation of SOC was achieved by overexpressing BnLPAT2 and BnLPAT5 in B. napus. RNAi and CRISPR–Cas9 were also successfully used to knock down and knock out these two genes in B. napus where SOC significantly decreased. Meanwhile, we found an accumulation of lipid droplets and oil bodies in seeds of BnLPAT2 and BnLPAT5 overexpression lines, whereas an increase of sugar and protein in Bnlpat2 and Bnlpat5 mutant seeds. Sequential transcriptome analysis was further performed on the developing seeds of the BnLPAT2 and BnLPAT5 overexpression, knockdown, and knockout rapeseed lines. Most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that were expressed in the middle and late stages of seed development were enriched in photosynthesis and lipid metabolism, respectively. The DEGs involved in fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis were active in the overexpression lines but were relatively inactive in the knockdown and knockout lines. Further analysis revealed that the biological pathways related to fatty acid/lipid anabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were specifically enriched in the BnLPAT2 overexpression lines. Conclusions BnLPAT2 and BnLPAT5 are essential for seed oil accumulation. BnLPAT2 preferentially promoted diacylglycerol synthesis to increase SOC, whereas BnLPAT5 tended to boost PA synthesis for membrane lipid generation. Taken together, BnLPAT2 and BnLPAT5 can jointly but differently promote seed oil accumulation in B. napus. This study provides new insights into the potential mechanisms governing the promotion of SOC by BnLPAT2 and BnLPAT5 in the seeds of B. napus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-022-02182-2.
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16
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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17
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Joshi A, Verma KK, D Rajput V, Minkina T, Arora J. Recent advances in metabolic engineering of microorganisms for advancing lignocellulose-derived biofuels. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8135-8163. [PMID: 35297313 PMCID: PMC9161965 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2051856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Combating climate change and ensuring energy supply to a rapidly growing global population has highlighted the need to replace petroleum fuels with clean, and sustainable renewable fuels. Biofuels offer a solution to safeguard energy security with reduced ecological footprint and process economics. Over the past years, lignocellulosic biomass has become the most preferred raw material for the production of biofuels, such as fuel, alcohol, biodiesel, and biohydrogen. However, the cost-effective conversion of lignocellulose into biofuels remains an unsolved challenge at the industrial scale. Recently, intensive efforts have been made in lignocellulose feedstock and microbial engineering to address this problem. By improving the biological pathways leading to the polysaccharide, lignin, and lipid biosynthesis, limited success has been achieved, and still needs to improve sustainable biofuel production. Impressive success is being achieved by the retouring metabolic pathways of different microbial hosts. Several robust phenotypes, mostly from bacteria and yeast domains, have been successfully constructed with improved substrate spectrum, product yield and sturdiness against hydrolysate toxins. Cyanobacteria is also being explored for metabolic advancement in recent years, however, it also remained underdeveloped to generate commercialized biofuels. The bacterium Escherichia coli and yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains are also being engineered to have cell surfaces displaying hydrolytic enzymes, which holds much promise for near-term scale-up and biorefinery use. Looking forward, future advances to achieve economically feasible production of lignocellulosic-based biofuels with special focus on designing more efficient metabolic pathways coupled with screening, and engineering of novel enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Joshi
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur313001, India
| | - Krishan K. Verma
- Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biotechnology and Genetic Improvement (Guangxi), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning - 530007, China
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 344090, Russia
| | - Jaya Arora
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur313001, India,CONTACT Jaya Arora Laboratory of Biomolecular Technology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur313001, India
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18
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Coprocessing Corn Germ Meal for Oil Recovery and Ethanol Production: A Process Model for Lipid-Producing Energy Crops. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to engineer high-productivity crops to accumulate oils in their vegetative tissue present the possibility of expanding biodiesel production. However, processing the new crops for lipid recovery and ethanol production from cell wall saccharides is challenging and expensive. In a previous study using corn germ meal as a model substrate, we reported that liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatment enriched the lipid concentration by 2.2 to 4.2 fold. This study investigated combining oil recovery with ethanol production by extracting oil following LHW and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF) of the biomass. Corn germ meal was again used to model the oil-bearing energy crops. Pretreated germ meal hydrolysate or solids (160 and 180 °C for 10 min) were fermented, and lipids were extracted from both the spent fermentation whole broth and fermentation solids, which were recovered by centrifugation and convective drying. Lipid contents in spent fermentation solids increased 3.7 to 5.7 fold compared to the beginning germ meal. The highest lipid yield achieved after fermentation was 36.0 mg lipid g−1 raw biomass; the maximum relative amount of triacylglycerol (TAG) was 50.9% of extracted oil. Although the fermentation step increased the lipid concentration of the recovered solids, it did not improve the lipid yields of pretreated biomass and detrimentally affected oil compositions by increasing the relative concentrations of free fatty acids.
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19
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Clark TJ, Schwender J. Elucidation of Triacylglycerol Overproduction in the C 4 Bioenergy Crop Sorghum bicolor by Constraint-Based Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:787265. [PMID: 35251073 PMCID: PMC8892208 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.787265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in vegetative plant tissues such as leaves has the potential to drastically increase the energy density and biomass yield of bioenergy crops. In this context, constraint-based analysis has the promise to improve metabolic engineering strategies. Here we present a core metabolism model for the C4 biomass crop Sorghum bicolor (iTJC1414) along with a minimal model for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, sucrose and TAG biosynthesis in C3 plants. Extending iTJC1414 to a four-cell diel model we simulate C4 photosynthesis in mature leaves with the principal photo-assimilatory product being replaced by TAG produced at different levels. Independent of specific pathways and per unit carbon assimilated, energy content and biosynthetic demands in reducing equivalents are about 1.3 to 1.4 times higher for TAG than for sucrose. For plant generic pathways, ATP- and NADPH-demands per CO2 assimilated are higher by 1.3- and 1.5-fold, respectively. If the photosynthetic supply in ATP and NADPH in iTJC1414 is adjusted to be balanced for sucrose as the sole photo-assimilatory product, overproduction of TAG is predicted to cause a substantial surplus in photosynthetic ATP. This means that if TAG synthesis was the sole photo-assimilatory process, there could be an energy imbalance that might impede the process. Adjusting iTJC1414 to a photo-assimilatory rate that approximates field conditions, we predict possible daily rates of TAG accumulation, dependent on varying ratios of carbon partitioning between exported assimilates and accumulated oil droplets (TAG, oleosin) and in dependence of activation of futile cycles of TAG synthesis and degradation. We find that, based on the capacity of leaves for photosynthetic synthesis of exported assimilates, mature leaves should be able to reach a 20% level of TAG per dry weight within one month if only 5% of the photosynthetic net assimilation can be allocated into oil droplets. From this we conclude that high TAG levels should be achievable if TAG synthesis is induced only during a final phase of the plant life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J. Clark
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
- Department of Energy Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Upton, NY, United States
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20
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Silva TN, Thomas JB, Dahlberg J, Rhee SY, Mortimer JC. Progress and challenges in sorghum biotechnology, a multipurpose feedstock for the bioeconomy. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:646-664. [PMID: 34644381 PMCID: PMC8793871 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most important cereal crop globally by harvested area and production. Its drought and heat tolerance allow high yields with minimal input. It is a promising biomass crop for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. In addition, as an annual diploid with a relatively small genome compared with other C4 grasses, and excellent germplasm diversity, sorghum is an excellent research species for other C4 crops such as maize. As a result, an increasing number of researchers are looking to test the transferability of findings from other organisms such as Arabidopsis thaliana and Brachypodium distachyon to sorghum, as well as to engineer new biomass sorghum varieties. Here, we provide an overview of sorghum as a multipurpose feedstock crop which can support the growing bioeconomy, and as a monocot research model system. We review what makes sorghum such a successful crop and identify some key traits for future improvement. We assess recent progress in sorghum transformation and highlight how transformation limitations still restrict its widespread adoption. Finally, we summarize available sorghum genetic, genomic, and bioinformatics resources. This review is intended for researchers new to sorghum research, as well as those wishing to include non-food and forage applications in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tallyta N Silva
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jason B Thomas
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeff Dahlberg
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- UC-ANR-KARE, 9240 S. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA, USA
| | - Seung Y Rhee
- Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Plant Biology, Stanford, CA, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Jenny C Mortimer
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Correspondence: or
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21
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Chu KL, Koley S, Jenkins LM, Bailey SR, Kambhampati S, Foley K, Arp JJ, Morley SA, Czymmek KJ, Bates PD, Allen DK. Metabolic flux analysis of the non-transitory starch tradeoff for lipid production in mature tobacco leaves. Metab Eng 2022; 69:231-248. [PMID: 34920088 PMCID: PMC8761171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic plasticity of tobacco leaves has been demonstrated via the generation of transgenic plants that can accumulate over 30% dry weight as triacylglycerols. In investigating the changes in carbon partitioning in these high lipid-producing (HLP) leaves, foliar lipids accumulated stepwise over development. Interestingly, non-transient starch was observed to accumulate with plant age in WT but not HLP leaves, with a drop in foliar starch concurrent with an increase in lipid content. The metabolic carbon tradeoff between starch and lipid was studied using 13CO2-labeling experiments and isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis, not previously applied to the mature leaves of a crop. Fatty acid synthesis was investigated through assessment of acyl-acyl carrier proteins using a recently derived quantification method that was extended to accommodate isotopic labeling. Analysis of labeling patterns and flux modeling indicated the continued production of unlabeled starch, sucrose cycling, and a significant contribution of NADP-malic enzyme to plastidic pyruvate production for the production of lipids in HLP leaves, with the latter verified by enzyme activity assays. The results suggest an inherent capacity for a developmentally regulated carbon sink in tobacco leaves and may in part explain the uniquely successful leaf lipid engineering efforts in this crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Chu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Somnath Koley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Lauren M Jenkins
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Sally R Bailey
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | | | - Kevin Foley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Jennifer J Arp
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Stewart A Morley
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Kirk J Czymmek
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA
| | - Philip D Bates
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-6340, USA
| | - Doug K Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA; United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Service, Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri, 63132, USA.
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22
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Singh R, Liu H, Shanklin J, Singh V. Hydrothermal pretreatment for valorization of genetically engineered bioenergy crop for lipid and cellulosic sugar recovery. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125817. [PMID: 34454236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipids accumulated in the vegetative tissues of cellulosic feedstocks can be a potential raw material for biodiesel and bioethanol production. In this work, bagasse of genetically engineered sorghum was subjected to liquid hot-water pretreatment at 170, 180, and 190 °C for different reaction time. Under the optimal pretreatment condition (170 °C, 20 min), the residue was enriched in glucan (57.39 ± 2.63 % w/w) and xylan (13.38 ± 0.49 % w/w). The total lipid content of the pretreated residue was 6.81% w/w, similar to that observed in untreated bagasse (6.30% w/w). Pretreatment improved the enzymatic digestibility of bagasse, allowing a recovery of 79% w/w and 86% w/w of glucose and xylose, respectively. The pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification resulted in a 2-fold increase in total lipid in enzymatic residue compared to the original bagasse. Thus, pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis enabled high sugar recovery while concentrating triglycerides and free fatty acids in the residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Singh
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA; Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - John Shanklin
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA; Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana 61801, USA; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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23
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Ojha R, Kaur S, Sinha K, Chawla K, Kaur S, Jadhav H, Kaur M, Bhunia RK. Characterization of oleosin genes from forage sorghum in Arabidopsis and yeast reveals their role in storage lipid stability. PLANTA 2021; 254:97. [PMID: 34655341 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of forage sorghum oleosin genes in Arabidopsis oleosin-deficient mutant and yeast showed increased germination rate, triacylglycerol content, and protection against lipase-mediated TAG degradation. Plant lipids are an important source of ration for cattle or other livestock animals to fulfil their energy needs. Poor energy containing green forages are still one of the major sources of food for livestock animals, leaving the animals undernourished. This lowers the milk and meat production efficiency, thereby affecting human consumption. Oleosin, an essential oil body surface protein, is capable of enhancing and stabilizing the lipid content in plants. We identified and functionally characterized three forage sorghum oleosin genes (SbOle1, SbOle2, and SbOle3) in Arabidopsis and yeast. Phylogenetic analysis of SbOle proteins showed a close relationship with rice and maize oleosins. Expression analysis of SbOle genes determined a higher expression pattern in embryo followed by endosperm, while its expression in the non-seed tissues remained negligible. Overexpression of SbOle genes in Arabidopsis ole1-deficient mutants showed restoration of normal germination whereas control mutant seeds showed lower germination rates. Heterologous overexpression of SbOle in yeast cells resulted in increased TAG accumulation. Additionally, the TAG turnover assay showed the effectiveness of SbOle genes in reducing the yeast endogenous and rumen bacterial lipase-mediated TAG degradation. Taken together, our findings not only provide insights into forage sorghum oleosin for increasing the energy content in non-seed organs but also opened up the direction towards implication of oleosin in rumen protection of fodders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabishankar Ojha
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Simranjit Kaur
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Kshitija Sinha
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Kirti Chawla
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Sumandeep Kaur
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Harish Jadhav
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Manmehar Kaur
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81 (Knowledge City), Mohali, Punjab, 140306, India.
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24
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Singh R, Singh V. Integrated Biorefinery for Valorization of Engineered Bioenergy Crops—A Review. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Singh
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) and Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
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25
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Biermann U, Bornscheuer UT, Feussner I, Meier MAR, Metzger JO. Fatty Acids and their Derivatives as Renewable Platform Molecules for the Chemical Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20144-20165. [PMID: 33617111 PMCID: PMC8453566 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oils and fats of vegetable and animal origin remain an important renewable feedstock for the chemical industry. Their industrial use has increased during the last 10 years from 31 to 51 million tonnes annually. Remarkable achievements made in the field of oleochemistry in this timeframe are summarized herein, including the reduction of fatty esters to ethers, the selective oxidation and oxidative cleavage of C-C double bonds, the synthesis of alkyl-branched fatty compounds, the isomerizing hydroformylation and alkoxycarbonylation, and olefin metathesis. The use of oleochemicals for the synthesis of a great variety of polymeric materials has increased tremendously, too. In addition to lipases and phospholipases, other enzymes have found their way into biocatalytic oleochemistry. Important achievements have also generated new oil qualities in existing crop plants or by using microorganisms optimized by metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Biermann
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
- abiosuse.V.Bloherfelder Straße 23926129OldenburgGermany
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institute of BiochemistryDept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme CatalysisGreifswald UniversityFelix-Hausdorff-Strasse 417487GreifswaldGermany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- University of GoettingenAlbrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant SciencesInternational Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC) and Goettingen Center of Molecular Biosciences (GZMB)Dept. of Plant BiochemistryJustus-von-Liebig-Weg 1137077GoettingenGermany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Laboratory of Applied ChemistryInstitute of Organic Chemistry (IOC)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Straße am Forum 776131KarlsruheGermany
- Laboratory of Applied ChemistryInstitute of Biological and Chemical Systems—Functional Molecular Systems (IBCS-FMS)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 176344Eggenstein-LeopoldshafenGermany
| | - Jürgen O. Metzger
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Oldenburg26111OldenburgGermany
- abiosuse.V.Bloherfelder Straße 23926129OldenburgGermany
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26
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Biermann U, Bornscheuer UT, Feussner I, Meier MAR, Metzger JO. Fettsäuren und Fettsäurederivate als nachwachsende Plattformmoleküle für die chemische Industrie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Biermann
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
- abiosuse.V. Bloherfelder Straße 239 26129 Oldenburg Deutschland
| | - Uwe T. Bornscheuer
- Institut für Biochemie Abt. Biotechnologie & Enzymkatalyse Universität Greifswald Felix-Hausdorff-Straße 4 17487 Greifswald Deutschland
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Universität Göttingen Albrecht-von-Haller Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC) und Göttinger Zentrum für Molekulare Biowissenschaften (GZMB) Abt. für die Biochemie der Pflanze Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Labor für Angewandte Chemie Institut für Organische Chemie (IOC) Karlsruher Institut für Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Labor für Angewandte Chemie Institut für biologische und chemische Systeme –, Funktionale Molekülsysteme (IBCS-FMS) Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Jürgen O. Metzger
- Institut für Chemie Universität Oldenburg 26111 Oldenburg Deutschland
- abiosuse.V. Bloherfelder Straße 239 26129 Oldenburg Deutschland
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27
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Yee S, Rolland V, Reynolds KB, Shrestha P, Ma L, Singh SP, Vanhercke T, Petrie JR, El Tahchy A. Sesamum indicum Oleosin L improves oil packaging in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. PLANT DIRECT 2021; 5:e343. [PMID: 34514289 PMCID: PMC8421512 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant oil production has been increasing continuously in the past decade. There has been significant investment in the production of high biomass plants with elevated oil content. We recently showed that the expression of Arabidopsis thaliana WRI1 and DGAT1 genes increase oil content by up to 15% in leaf dry weight tissue. However, triacylglycerols in leaf tissue are subject to degradation during senescence. In order to better package the oil, we expressed a series of lipid droplet proteins isolated from bacterial and plant sources in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue. We observed further increases in leaf oil content of up to 2.3-fold when we co-expressed Sesamum indicum Oleosin L with AtWRI1 and AtDGAT1. Biochemical assays and lipid droplet visualization with confocal microscopy confirmed the increase in oil content and revealed a significant change in the size and abundance of lipid droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyan Yee
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
- Research School of BiologyThe Australian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Vivien Rolland
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - Kyle B. Reynolds
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - Pushkar Shrestha
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - Lina Ma
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - Surinder P. Singh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - Thomas Vanhercke
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - James R. Petrie
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
| | - Anna El Tahchy
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Agriculture and FoodActonACTAustralia
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28
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Gao Y, Sun Y, Gao H, Chen Y, Wang X, Xue J, Jia X, Li R. Ectopic overexpression of a type-II DGAT (CeDGAT2-2) derived from oil-rich tuber of Cyperus esculentus enhances accumulation of oil and oleic acid in tobacco leaves. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:76. [PMID: 33757551 PMCID: PMC7986309 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engineering triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in vegetative tissues of non-food crops has become a promising way to meet our increasing demand for plant oils, especially the renewable production of biofuels. The most important target modified in this regard is diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme responsible for the final rate-limiting step in TAG biosynthesis. Cyperus esculentus is a unique plant largely accumulating oleic acid-enriched oil in its underground tubers. We speculated that DGAT derived from such oil-rich tubers could function more efficiently than that from oleaginous seeds in enhancing oil storage in vegetative tissues of tobacco, a high-yielding biomass crops. RESULTS Three CeDGAT genes namely CeDGAT1, CeDGAT2-1 and CeDGAT2-2 were identified in C. esculentus by mining transcriptome of developing tubers. These CeDGATs were expressed in tissues tested, with CeDGAT1 highly in roots, CeDGAT2-1 abundantly in leaves, and CeDGAT2-2 predominantly in tubers. Notably, CeDGAT2-2 expression pattern was in accordance with oil dynamic accumulation during tuber development. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 functionally restored TAG biosynthesis in TAG-deficient yeast mutant H1246. Oleic acid level was significantly increased in CeDGAT2-2 transgenic yeast compared to the wild-type yeast and ScDGA1-expressed control under culture with and without feeding of exogenous fatty acids. Overexpressing CeDGAT2-2 in tobacco led to dramatic enhancements of leafy oil by 7.15- and 1.7-fold more compared to the wild-type control and plants expressing Arabidopsis seed-derived AtDGAT1. A substantial change in fatty acid composition was detected in leaves, with increase of oleic acid from 5.1% in the wild type to 31.33% in CeDGAT2-2-expressed tobacco and accompanied reduction of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, the elevated accumulation of oleic acid-enriched TAG in transgenic tobacco exhibited no significantly negative impact on other agronomic traits such as photosynthesis, growth rates and seed germination except for small decline of starch content. CONCLUSIONS The present data indicate that CeDGAT2-2 has a high enzyme activity to catalyze formation of TAG and a strong specificity for oleic acid-containing substrates, providing new insights into understanding oil biosynthesis mechanism in plant vegetative tissues. Overexpression of CeDGAT2-2 alone can significantly increase oleic acid-enriched oil accumulation in tobacco leaves without negative impact on other agronomy traits, showing CeDGAT2-2 as the desirable target gene in metabolic engineering to enrich oil and value-added lipids in high-biomass plants for commercial production of biofuel oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Huiling Gao
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Jinai Xue
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
| | - Runzhi Li
- College of Agriculture, Institute of Molecular Agriculture and Bioenergy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, China.
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29
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Cooney LJ, Beechey-Gradwell Z, Winichayakul S, Richardson KA, Crowther T, Anderson P, Scott RW, Bryan G, Roberts NJ. Changes in Leaf-Level Nitrogen Partitioning and Mesophyll Conductance Deliver Increased Photosynthesis for Lolium perenne Leaves Engineered to Accumulate Lipid Carbon Sinks. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:641822. [PMID: 33897730 PMCID: PMC8063613 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.641822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyl-transferase (DGAT) and cysteine oleosin (CO) expression confers a novel carbon sink (of encapsulated lipid droplets) in leaves of Lolium perenne and has been shown to increase photosynthesis and biomass. However, the physiological mechanism by which DGAT + CO increases photosynthesis remains unresolved. To evaluate the relationship between sink strength and photosynthesis, we examined fatty acids (FA), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), gas exchange parameters and leaf nitrogen for multiple DGAT + CO lines varying in transgene accumulation. To identify the physiological traits which deliver increased photosynthesis, we assessed two important determinants of photosynthetic efficiency, CO2 conductance from atmosphere to chloroplast, and nitrogen partitioning between different photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic pools. We found that DGAT + CO accumulation increased FA at the expense of WSC in leaves of L. perenne and for those lines with a significant reduction in WSC, we also observed an increase in photosynthesis and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency. DGAT + CO L. perenne displayed no change in rubisco content or Vcmax but did exhibit a significant increase in specific leaf area (SLA), stomatal and mesophyll conductance, and leaf nitrogen allocated to photosynthetic electron transport. Collectively, we showed that increased carbon demand via DGAT+CO lipid sink accumulation can induce leaf-level changes in L. perenne which deliver increased rates of photosynthesis and growth. Carbon sinks engineered within photosynthetic cells provide a promising new strategy for increasing photosynthesis and crop productivity.
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30
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Cheng T, Zhao P, Ren Y, Zou J, Sun MX. AtMIF1 increases seed oil content by attenuating GL2 inhibition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2152-2162. [PMID: 33098089 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable oil is a major edible oil and an important industrial raw material. However, breeders have found it challenging to improve the oil content of crop seeds, and little is known about regulators with the potential to increase oil content via molecular engineering in modern oil crop breeding. We reported an F-box protein, Arabidopsis thaliana MYB Interaction Factor 1 (AtMIF1), which is a member of the ubiquitin-protein ligase E3 complex involved in the 26S proteasome protein degradation pathway. AtMIF1 physically interacts with MYB domain protein 5 (MYB5), which results in MYB5 degradation, so that transcriptional activation of the MYB/bHLH/WD-repeat (MBW) complex does not occur normally and GLABRA2 (GL2), encoding an inhibitor of oil content and functioning as a direct downstream gene of MBW, is not properly transcribed. AtMIF1 functioned as a positive regulator that increases oil content by attenuating GL2 inhibition. We overexpressed AtMIF1 and obtained transgenic plants with significantly higher seed oil contents. Importantly, both vegetative and reproductive growth of the transgenic plants appeared normal. In summary, this work reveals a novel regulator, AtMIF1, and a new regulatory pathway, 26S proteasome-AtMIF1-MYB5, for increasing the oil content of seeds without affecting plant growth, thus facilitating oil crop breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhe Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yanru Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jun Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meng-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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31
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Mitchell MC, Pritchard J, Okada S, Zhang J, Venables I, Vanhercke T, Ral J. Increasing growth and yield by altering carbon metabolism in a transgenic leaf oil crop. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:2042-2052. [PMID: 32069385 PMCID: PMC7539989 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineering high biomass plants that produce oil (triacylglycerol or TAG) in vegetative rather than seed-related tissues could help meet our growing demand for plant oil. Several studies have already demonstrated the potential of this approach by creating transgenic crop and model plants that accumulate TAG in their leaves and stems. However, TAG synthesis may compete with other important carbon and energy reserves, including carbohydrate production, and thereby limit plant growth. The aims of this study were thus: first, to investigate the effect of TAG accumulation on growth and development of previously generated high leaf oil tobacco plants; and second, to increase plant growth and/or oil yields by further altering carbon fixation and partitioning. This study showed that TAG accumulation varied with leaf and plant developmental stage, affected leaf carbon and nitrogen partitioning and reduced the relative growth rate and final biomass of high leaf oil plants. To overcome these growth limitations, four genes related to carbon fixation (encoding CBB cycle enzymes SBPase and chloroplast-targeted FBPase) or carbon partitioning (encoding sucrose biosynthetic enzyme cytosolic FBPase and lipid-related transcription factor DOF4) were overexpressed in high leaf oil plants. In glasshouse conditions, all four constructs increased early growth without affecting TAG accumulation while chloroplast-targeted FBPase and DOF4 also increased final biomass and oil yields. These results highlight the reliance of plant growth on carbon partitioning, in addition to carbon supply, and will guide future attempts to improve biomass and TAG accumulation in transgenic leaf oil crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline C. Mitchell
- RMIT UniversityMelbourneVicAustralia
- Food Agility Cooperative Research CentreSydneyNSWAustralia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Jenifer Pritchard
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Shoko Okada
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Jing Zhang
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Ingrid Venables
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Thomas Vanhercke
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Jean‐Philippe Ral
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research OrganisationCanberraACTAustralia
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32
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Chawla K, Sinha K, Kaur R, Bhunia RK. Identification and functional characterization of two acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) genes from forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) embryo. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 176:112405. [PMID: 32473393 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Elevating the lipid content in high-biomass forage crops has emerged as a new research platform for increasing energy density and improving livestock production efficiency associated with improved human health beneficial meat and milk quality. To gain insights of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in forage sorghum, two type-1 diacylglycerol acyltransferase (designated as SbDGAT1-1 and SbDGAT1-2) were characterized for its in vivo function. SbDGAT1-2 is more abundantly expressed in embryo and bran during the early stage of the grain development in comparison to SbDGAT1-1. Heterologous expression of SbDGAT1 genes in TAG deficient H1246 strain restored the TAG accumulation capability with high substrate predilection towards 16:0, 16:1 and 18:1 fatty acids (FA). In parallel, we have identified N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in SbDGAT1 proteins. To test the efficacy of the N-terminal region, truncated variants of SbDGAT1-1 (designated as SbDGAT1-1(39-515) and SbDGAT1-1(89-515)) were generated and expressed in yeast H1246 strain. Deletion in the N-terminal region resulted in decreased accumulation of TAG and FA (16:0 and 18:0) when compared to the SbDGAT1-1 variant expressed in yeast H1246 strain. The present study provides significant insight in forage sorghum DGAT1 gene function, useful for enhancing the green-forage TAG content through metabolic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Chawla
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Kshitija Sinha
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110026, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- Plant Tissue Culture and Genetic Engineering, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India.
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33
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Correa SM, Fernie AR, Nikoloski Z, Brotman Y. Towards model-driven characterization and manipulation of plant lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101051. [PMID: 32640289 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plant lipids have versatile applications and provide essential fatty acids in human diet. Therefore, there has been a growing interest to better characterize the genetic basis, regulatory networks, and metabolic pathways that shape lipid quantity and composition. Addressing these issues is challenging due to context-specificity of lipid metabolism integrating environmental, developmental, and tissue-specific cues. Here we systematically review the known metabolic pathways and regulatory interactions that modulate the levels of storage lipids in oilseeds. We argue that the current understanding of lipid metabolism provides the basis for its study in the context of genome-wide plant metabolic networks with the help of approaches from constraint-based modeling and metabolic flux analysis. The focus is on providing a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art of modeling plant lipid metabolic pathways, which we then contrast with the existing modeling efforts in yeast and microalgae. We then point out the gaps in knowledge of lipid metabolism, and enumerate the recent advances of using genome-wide association and quantitative trait loci mapping studies to unravel the genetic regulations of lipid metabolism. Finally, we offer a perspective on how advances in the constraint-based modeling framework can propel further characterization of plant lipid metabolism and its rational manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Correa
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel; Departamento de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany; Systems Biology and Mathematical Modelling Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany.
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Genetics of Metabolic Traits Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Qi W, Lu H, Zhang Y, Cheng J, Huang B, Lu X, Sheteiwy MSA, Kuang S, Shao H. Oil crop genetic modification for producing added value lipids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:777-786. [PMID: 32605455 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1785384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant lipids, mainly stored in seeds and other plant parts, are not only a crucial resource for food and fodder but are also a promising alternative to fossil oils as a chemical industry feedstock. Oil crop cultivation and processing are always important parts of agriculture worldwide. Vegetable oils containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, very long chain fatty acids, conjugated fatty acids, hydroxy fatty acids and wax esters, have outstanding nutritional, lubricating, surfactant, and artificial-fibre-synthesis properties, amongst others. Enhancing the production of such specific lipid components is of economic interest. There has been a considerable amount of information reported about plant lipid biosynthesis, including identification of the pathway map of carbon flux, key enzymes (and the coding genes), and substrate affinities. Plant lipid biosynthesis engineering to produce special oil compounds has become feasible, although until now, only limited progress has been made in the laboratory. It is relatively easy to achieve the experimental objectives, for example, accumulating novel lipid compounds in given plant tissues facilitated by genetic modification. Applying such technologies to agricultural production is difficult, and the challenge is to make engineered crops economically attractive, which is impeded by only moderate success. To achieve this goal, more complicated and systematic strategies should be developed and discussed based on the relevant results currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicong Qi
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zheng Zhou, PR China
| | - Haiying Lu
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crops in Huanghuaihai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China,Henan Provincial Key Laboratory for Oil Crops Improvement, Zheng Zhou, PR China
| | - Jihua Cheng
- Yuan Longping High-tech Agriculture Co., LTD, Changsha, PR China
| | - Bangquan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xin Lu
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China
| | - Mohamed Salah Amr Sheteiwy
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China.,Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Shaoping Kuang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Salt-soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences(JAAS), Nanjing, PR China.,College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, PR China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, PR China
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35
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Kalluri UC, Yang X, Wullschleger SD. Plant Biosystems Design for a Carbon-Neutral Bioeconomy. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2020; 2020:7914051. [PMID: 37849896 PMCID: PMC10521676 DOI: 10.34133/2020/7914051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Our society faces multiple daunting challenges including finding sustainable solutions towards climate change mitigation; efficient production of food, biofuels, and biomaterials; maximizing land-use efficiency; and enabling a sustainable bioeconomy. Plants can provide environmentally and economically sustainable solutions to these challenges due to their inherent capabilities for photosynthetic capture of atmospheric CO2, allocation of carbon to various organs and partitioning into various chemical forms, including contributions to total soil carbon. In order to enhance crop productivity and optimize chemistry simultaneously in the above- and belowground plant tissues, transformative biosystems design strategies are needed. Concerted research efforts will be required for accelerating the development of plant cultivars, genotypes, or varieties that are cooptimized in the contexts of biomass-derived fuels and/or materials aboveground and enhanced carbon sequestration belowground. Here, we briefly discuss significant knowledge gaps in our process understanding and the potential of synthetic biology in enabling advancements along the fundamental to applied research arc. Ultimately, a convergence of perspectives from academic, industrial, government, and consumer sectors will be needed to realize the potential merits of plant biosystems design for a carbon neutral bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udaya C. Kalluri
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - Xiaohan Yang
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
| | - Stan D. Wullschleger
- Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, PO Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422, USA
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Zhu XG, Ort DR, Parry MAJ, von Caemmerer S. A wish list for synthetic biology in photosynthesis research. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2219-2225. [PMID: 32060550 PMCID: PMC7134917 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This perspective summarizes the presentations and discussions at the ' International Symposium on Synthetic Biology in Photosynthesis Research', which was held in Shanghai in 2018. Leveraging the current advanced understanding of photosynthetic systems, the symposium brain-stormed about the redesign and engineering of photosynthetic systems for translational goals and evaluated available new technologies/tools for synthetic biology as well as technological obstacles and new tools that would be needed to overcome them. Four major research areas for redesigning photosynthesis were identified: (i) mining natural variations of photosynthesis; (ii) coordinating photosynthesis with pathways utilizing photosynthate; (iii) reconstruction of highly efficient photosynthetic systems in non-host species; and (iv) development of new photosynthetic systems that do not exist in nature. To expedite photosynthesis synthetic biology research, an array of new technologies and community resources need to be developed, which include expanded modelling capacities, molecular engineering toolboxes, model species, and phenotyping tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Guang Zhu
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology and Center for Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Donald R Ort
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Susanne von Caemmerer
- Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Acton, Australia
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Xu XY, Akbar S, Shrestha P, Venugoban L, Devilla R, Hussain D, Lee J, Rug M, Tian L, Vanhercke T, Singh SP, Li Z, Sharp PJ, Liu Q. A Synergistic Genetic Engineering Strategy Induced Triacylglycerol Accumulation in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Leaf. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:215. [PMID: 32210994 PMCID: PMC7069356 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Potato is the 4th largest staple food in the world currently. As a high biomass crop, potato harbors excellent potential to produce energy-rich compounds such as triacylglycerol as a valuable co-product. We have previously reported that transgenic potato tubers overexpressing WRINKLED1, DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE 1, and OLEOSIN genes produced considerable levels of triacylglycerol. In this study, the same genetic engineering strategy was employed on potato leaves. The overexpression of Arabidopsis thaliana WRINKED1 under the transcriptional control of a senescence-inducible promoter together with Arabidopsis thaliana DIACYLGLYCEROL ACYLTRANSFERASE 1 and Sesamum indicum OLEOSIN driven by the Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter and small subunit of Rubisco promoter respectively, resulted in an approximately 30- fold enhancement of triacylglycerols in the senescent transgenic potato leaves compared to the wild type. The increase of triacylglycerol in the transgenic potato leaves was accompanied by perturbations of carbohydrate accumulation, apparent in a reduction in starch content and increased total soluble sugars, as well as changes of polar membrane lipids at different developmental stages. Microscopic and biochemical analysis further indicated that triacylglycerols and lipid droplets could not be produced in chloroplasts, despite the increase and enlargement of plastoglobuli at the senescent stage. Possibly enhanced accumulation of fatty acid phytyl esters in the plastoglobuli were reflected in transgenic potato leaves relative to wild type. It is likely that the plastoglobuli may have hijacked some of the carbon as the result of WRINKED1 expression, which could be a potential factor restricting the effective accumulation of triacylglycerols in potato leaves. Increased lipid production was also observed in potato tubers, which may have affected the tuberization to a certain extent. The expression of transgenes in potato leaf not only altered the carbon partitioning in the photosynthetic source tissue, but also the underground sink organs which highly relies on the leaves in development and energy deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yu Xu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Dawar Hussain
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Center for Advanced Microscopy, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Melanie Rug
- Center for Advanced Microscopy, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lijun Tian
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | | | - Zhongyi Li
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Peter J. Sharp
- Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Qing Liu
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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38
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Fei W, Yang S, Hu J, Yang F, Qu G, Peng D, Zhou B. Research advances of WRINKLED1 (WRI1) in plants. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2020; 47:185-194. [PMID: 31968206 DOI: 10.1071/fp19225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
WRINKLED 1 (WRI1), a member of the AP2/EREBP class of transcription factors, regulates carbon allocation between the glycolytic and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways and plays important roles in other biological events. Previous studies have suggested that post-translational modifications and interacting partners modulate the activity of WRI1. We systematically summarised the structure of WRI1 as well as its molecular interactions during transcription and translation in plants. This work elucidates the genetic evolution and regulatory functions of WRI1 at the molecular level and describes a new pathway involving WRI1 that can be used to produce triacylglycerols (TAGs) in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Fei
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Shiqian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Jing Hu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Feng Yang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Gaoyi Qu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004
| | - Dan Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004; and Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410018, Changsha, China; and Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan Changsha, 410004; and National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China,Changsha 410004, Hunan, China; and Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir PlantationEcosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong 438107
| | - Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha,Hunan, China, 410004; and Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education,Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410018, Changsha, China; and Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan Changsha, 410004; and National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China,Changsha 410004, Hunan, China; and Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir PlantationEcosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong 438107; and Corresponding author.
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Pouvreau B, Blundell C, Vohra H, Zwart AB, Arndell T, Singh S, Vanhercke T. A Versatile High Throughput Screening Platform for Plant Metabolic Engineering Highlights the Major Role of ABI3 in Lipid Metabolism Regulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:288. [PMID: 32256511 PMCID: PMC7090168 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Traditional functional genetic studies in crops are time consuming, complicated and cannot be readily scaled up. The reason is that mutant or transformed crops need to be generated to study the effect of gene modifications on specific traits of interest. However, many crop species have a complex genome and a long generation time. As a result, it usually takes several months to over a year to obtain desired mutants or transgenic plants, which represents a significant bottleneck in the development of new crop varieties. To overcome this major issue, we are currently establishing a versatile plant genetic screening platform, amenable to high throughput screening in almost any crop species, with a unique workflow. This platform combines protoplast transformation and fluorescence activated cell sorting. Here we show that tobacco protoplasts can accumulate high levels of lipid if transiently transformed with genes involved in lipid biosynthesis and can be sorted based on lipid content. Hence, protoplasts can be used as a predictive tool for plant lipid engineering. Using this newly established strategy, we demonstrate the major role of ABI3 in plant lipid accumulation. We anticipate that this workflow can be applied to numerous highly valuable metabolic traits other than storage lipid accumulation. This new strategy represents a significant step toward screening complex genetic libraries, in a single experiment and in a matter of days, as opposed to years by conventional means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Pouvreau
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Benjamin Pouvreau,
| | - Cheryl Blundell
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Harpreet Vohra
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University College of Health and Medicine, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Taj Arndell
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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40
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Markel K, Belcher MS, Shih PM. Defining and engineering bioenergy plant feedstock ideotypes. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2019; 62:196-201. [PMID: 31841969 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ideotypes are theoretical archetypes of crops which serve as a practical framework for plant breeders to critically evaluate what traits they should be targeting for specific applications. With advances in plant biotechnology and a growing urgency to adopt more sustainable practices across our economy, new uses for crops as bioenergy feedstocks may pivot our definition of an ideal crop that is engineered for biomass and bioenergy production, in contrast to food production. Although there is a plethora of specific applications to which plant engineering efforts can contribute, here we highlight recent advances in two broad areas of research: increasing available plant biomass and engineering production of higher value co-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey Markel
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michael S Belcher
- Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States; Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Patrick M Shih
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Feedstocks Division, Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, United States; Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Darnet
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Hubert Schaller
- Institut de biologie moléculaire des plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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Xu X, Vanhercke T, Shrestha P, Luo J, Akbar S, Konik-Rose C, Venugoban L, Hussain D, Tian L, Singh S, Li Z, Sharp PJ, Liu Q. Upregulated Lipid Biosynthesis at the Expense of Starch Production in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum) Vegetative Tissues via Simultaneous Downregulation of ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase and Sugar Dependent1 Expressions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1444. [PMID: 31781148 PMCID: PMC6861213 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol is a major component of vegetable oil in seeds and fruits of many plants, but its production in vegetative tissues is rather limited. It would be intriguing and important to explore any possibility to expand current oil production platforms, for example from the plant vegetative tissues. By expressing a suite of transgenes involved in the triacylglycerol biosynthesis, we have previously observed substantial accumulation of triacylglycerol in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf and potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber. In this study, simultaneous RNA interference (RNAi) downregulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) and Sugar-dependent1 (SDP1), was able to increase the accumulation of triacylglycerol and other lipids in both wild type potato and the previously generated high oil potato line 69. Particularly, a 16-fold enhancement of triacylglycerol production was observed in the mature transgenic tubers derived from the wild type potato, and a two-fold increase in triacylglycerol was observed in the high oil potato line 69, accounting for about 7% of tuber dry weight, which is the highest triacylglycerol accumulation ever reported in potato. In addition to the alterations of lipid content and fatty acid composition, sugar accumulation, starch content of the RNAi potato lines in both tuber and leaf tissues were also substantially changed, as well as the tuber starch properties. Microscopic analysis further revealed variation of lipid droplet distribution and starch granule morphology in the mature transgenic tubers compared to their parent lines. This study reflects that the carbon partitioning between lipid and starch in both leaves and non-photosynthetic tuber tissues, respectively, are highly orchestrated in potato, and it is promising to convert low-energy starch to storage lipids via genetic manipulation of the carbon metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas Vanhercke
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Pushkar Shrestha
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jixun Luo
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sehrish Akbar
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Christine Konik-Rose
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lauren Venugoban
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Dawar Hussain
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Lijun Tian
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Surinder Singh
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zhongyi Li, ; Peter J. Sharp, ; Qing Liu,
| | - Peter J. Sharp
- Plant Breeding Institute and Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zhongyi Li, ; Peter J. Sharp, ; Qing Liu,
| | - Qing Liu
- Research Program of Traits, CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Zhongyi Li, ; Peter J. Sharp, ; Qing Liu,
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