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Zhu X, Yin J, Guo H, Wang Y, Ma B. Vesicle trafficking in rice: too little is known. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1263966. [PMID: 37790794 PMCID: PMC10543891 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1263966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The vesicle trafficking apparatus is a fundamental machinery to maintain the homeostasis of membrane-enclosed organelles in eukaryotic cells. Thus, it is broadly conserved in eukaryotes including plants. Intensive studies in the model organisms have produced a comprehensive picture of vesicle trafficking in yeast and human. However, with respect to the vesicle trafficking of plants including rice, our understanding of the components and their coordinated regulation is very limited. At present, several vesicle trafficking apparatus components and cargo proteins have been identified and characterized in rice, but there still remain large unknowns concerning the organization and function of the rice vesicle trafficking system. In this review, we outline the main vesicle trafficking pathways of rice based on knowledge obtained in model organisms, and summarize current advances of rice vesicle trafficking. We also propose to develop methodologies applicable to rice and even other crops for further exploring the mysteries of vesicle trafficking in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junjie Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongming Guo
- Environment-friendly Crop Germplasm Innovation and Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bingtian Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Zhang P, Ma X, Liu L, Mao C, Hu Y, Yan B, Guo J, Liu X, Shi J, Lee GS, Pan X, Deng Y, Zhang Z, Kang Z, Qiao Y. MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 negatively regulates rice immunity by modulating PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1132-1150. [PMID: 36815292 PMCID: PMC10231465 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are valuable genetic resources for unraveling plant defense responses including programmed cell death. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) LMM, spotted leaf 38 (spl38), and demonstrated that spl38 is essential for the formation of hypersensitive response-like lesions and innate immunity. Map-based cloning revealed that SPL38 encodes MEDIATOR SUBUNIT 16 (OsMED16). The spl38 mutant showed enhanced resistance to rice pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and exhibited delayed flowering, while OsMED16-overexpressing plants showed increased rice susceptibility to M. oryzae. The OsMED16-edited rice lines were phenotypically similar to the spl38 mutant but were extremely weak, exhibited growth retardation, and eventually died. The C-terminus of OsMED16 showed interaction with the positive immune regulator PATHOGENESIS RELATED 3 (OsPR3), resulting in the competitive repression of its chitinase and chitin-binding activities. Furthermore, the ospr3 osmed16 double mutants did not exhibit the lesion mimic phenotype of the spl38 mutant. Strikingly, OsMED16 exhibited an opposite function in plant defense relative to that of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtMED16, most likely because of 2 amino acid substitutions between the monocot and dicot MED16s tested. Collectively, our findings suggest that OsMED16 negatively regulates cell death and immunity in rice, probably via the OsPR3-mediated chitin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Chanjuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Yongkang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Bingxiao Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinxia Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
| | - Gang-Seob Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeon Ju 54874, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaowu Pan
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yiwen Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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Liu J, Nie B, Yu B, Xu F, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xu W. Rice ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 37102249 PMCID: PMC10363768 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Ubc13 is required for Lys63-linked polyubiquitination and innate immune responses in mammals, but its functions in plant immunity still remain largely unknown. Here, we used molecular biological, pathological, biochemical, and genetic approaches to evaluate the roles of rice OsUbc13 in response to pathogens. The OsUbc13-RNA interference (RNAi) lines with lesion mimic phenotypes displayed a significant increase in the accumulation of flg22- and chitin-induced reactive oxygen species, and in defence-related genes expression or hormones as well as resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Strikingly, OsUbc13 directly interacts with OsSnRK1a, which is the α catalytic subunit of SnRK1 (sucrose non-fermenting-1-related protein kinase-1) and acts as a positive regulator of broad-spectrum disease resistance in rice. In the OsUbc13-RNAi plants, although the protein level of OsSnRK1a did not change, its activity and ABA sensitivity were obviously enhanced, and the K63-linked polyubiquitination was weaker than that of wild-type Dongjin (DJ). Overexpression of the deubiquitinase-encoding gene OsOTUB1.1 produced similar effects with inhibition of OsUbc13 in affecting immunity responses, M. oryzae resistance, OsSnRK1a ubiquitination, and OsSnRK1a activity. Furthermore, re-interfering with OsSnRK1a in one OsUbc13-RNAi line (Ri-3) partially restored its M. oryzae resistance to a level between those of Ri-3 and DJ. Our data demonstrate OsUbc13 negatively regulates immunity against pathogens by enhancing the activity of OsSnRK1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Liu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bo Nie
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Boling Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feiyun Xu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Cereal Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Xu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Kavya N, Prasannakumar MK, Venkateshbabu G, Niranjan V, Uttarkar A, Buela Parivallal P, Banakar SN, Mahesh HB, Devanna P, Manasa KG, Shivakumara TN. Insights on Novel Effectors and Characterization of Metacaspase (RS107_6) as a Potential Cell Death-Inducing Protein in Rhizoctonia solani. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040920. [PMID: 37110343 PMCID: PMC10143347 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Effectors play an important role in host–pathogen interactions. Though an economically significant disease in rice, knowledge regarding the infection strategy of Rhizoctonia solani is obscure. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of the effectors in R. solani based on the characteristics of previously reported effector proteins. A total of seven novel effectors (designated as RS107_1 to RS107_7) in the disease mechanism of R. solani were identified and were predicted to be non-classically secreted proteins with functionally conserved domains. The function, reactivity, and stability of these proteins were evaluated through physiochemical characterization. The target proteins involved in the regulation of rice defense mechanisms were identified. Furthermore, the effector genes were cloned and RS107_6 (metacaspase) was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli to obtain a purified protein of ~36.5 kDa. The MALD-TOF characterization confirmed that the protein belonged to a metacaspase of the Peptidase_C14 protein family, 906 bp in size, and encoded a polypeptide of 301 amino acids. These findings suggest that the identified effectors can potentially serve as a virulence factor and can be targeted for the management of sheath blight in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Kavya
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - M. K. Prasannakumar
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopal Venkateshbabu
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Vidya Niranjan
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore 560059, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshay Uttarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, RV College of Engineering, Bangalore 560059, Karnataka, India
| | - P. Buela Parivallal
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Sahana N. Banakar
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - H. B. Mahesh
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramesh Devanna
- Rice Pathology Laboratory, All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Programme, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur 584104, Karnataka, India
| | - K. G. Manasa
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Tagginahalli N. Shivakumara
- PathoGenomics Laboratory, Department of Plant Pathology, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra (GKVK), University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 560065, Karnataka, India
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Zou T, Li G, Liu M, Liu R, Yang S, Wang K, Lu L, Ye Q, Liu J, Liang J, Deng Q, Wang S, Zhu J, Liang Y, Liu H, Yu X, Sun C, Li P, Li S. A ubiquitin-specific protease functions in regulating cell death and immune responses in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1312-1326. [PMID: 36624579 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs) process deubiquitination in eukaryotic organisms and are widely involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress. However, their role in cell death and plant immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a rice lesion mimic mutant (LMM) and cloned its causative gene, LMM22. Both dysfunction and overexpression of LMM22 gave rise to the hypersensitive response-like cell death, reactive oxygen species bursts, and activated defence responses. LMM22 encodes an active UBP that is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and displays a constitutive expression pattern in rice. LMM22 interacts with SPOTTED LEAF 35 (SPL35), a coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation domain-containing protein that is known to participate in ubiquitination and the regulation of cell death and disease response in rice. Additional analyses suggest that LMM22 can positively regulate and stabilise the abundance of SPL35 protein likely through its deubiquitination activity. These data therefore improve our understanding of the function of UBP in rice innate immune responses by demonstrating that LMM22 functions as a critical regulator of SPL35 in cell death and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gongwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shangyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liuhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiuyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiaxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiquan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueyang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huainian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiumei Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuangcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Liu L, Wang Y, Tian Y, Song S, Wu Z, Ding X, Zheng H, Huang Y, Liu S, Dong X, Wan J, Liu L. Isolation and Characterization of SPOTTED LEAF42 Encoding a Porphobilinogen Deaminase in Rice. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:403. [PMID: 36679117 PMCID: PMC9866984 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation and development of chloroplasts play a vital role in the breeding of high-yield rice (Oryza sativa L.). Porphobilinogen deaminases (PBGDs) act in the early stage of chlorophyll and heme biosynthesis. However, the role of PBGDs in chloroplast development and chlorophyll production remains elusive in rice. Here, we identified the spotted leaf 42 (spl42) mutant, which exhibited a reddish-brown spotted leaf phenotype. The mutant showed a significantly lower chlorophyll content, abnormal thylakoid morphology, and elevated activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging enzymes. Consistently, multiple genes related to chloroplast development and chlorophyll biosynthesis were significantly down-regulated, whereas many genes involved in leaf senescence, ROS production, and defense responses were upregulated in the spl42 mutant. Map-based cloning revealed that SPL42 encodes a PBGD. A C-to-T base substitution occurred in spl42, resulting in an amino acid change and significantly reduced PBGD enzyme activity. SPL42 targets to the chloroplast and interacts with the multiple organelle RNA editing factors (MORFs) OsMORF8-1 and OsMORF8-2 to affect RNA editing. The identification and characterization of spl42 helps in elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with chlorophyll synthesis and RNA editing in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuang Song
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zewan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hai Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaoou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Linglong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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The Gain-of-Function Mutation, OsSpl26, Positively Regulates Plant Immunity in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214168. [PMID: 36430644 PMCID: PMC9697700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice spotted-leaf mutants are ideal materials to study the molecular mechanism underlying programmed cell death and disease resistance in plants. LOC_Os07g04820 has previously been identified as the candidate gene responsible for the spotted-leaf phenotype in rice Spotted-leaf 26 (Spl26) mutant. Here, we cloned and validated that LOC_Os07g04820 is the locus controlling the spotted-leaf phenotype of Spl26 by reverse functional complementation and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of the mutant allele. The recessive wild-type spl26 allele (Oryza sativa spotted-leaf 26, Osspl26) is highly conservative in grass species and encodes a putative G-type lectin S-receptor-like serine/threonine protein kinase with 444 amino acid residuals. OsSPL26 localizes to the plasma membrane and can be detected constitutively in roots, stems, leaves, sheaths and panicles. The single base substitution from T to A at position 293 leads to phenylalanine/tyrosine replacement at position 98 in the encoded protein in the mutant and induces excessive accumulation of H2O2, leading to oxidative damage to cells, and finally, formation of the spotted-leaf phenotype in Spl26. The formation of lesions not only affects the growth and development of the plants but also activates the defense response and enhances the resistance to the bacterial blight pathogen, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Our results indicate that the gain-of-function by the mutant allele OsSpl26 positively regulates cell death and immunity in rice.
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8
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Ren D, Xie W, Xu Q, Hu J, Zhu L, Zhang G, Zeng D, Qian Q. LSL1 controls cell death and grain production by stabilizing chloroplast in rice. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:2148-2161. [PMID: 35960419 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mutants can be valuable tools to reveal the interactions between genetic factors and environmental signals and to improve grain production. Here we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) mutant, lesion spotleaf1 (lsl1), which produces necrotic leaf lesions throughout its life cycle. LSL1 encodes a protein of unknown function and belongs to a grass-specific clade. The lesion phenotype of the lsl1 mutant was sharply induced by shading, and its detached leaves incubated in 6-benzylamino purine similarly formed lesions in the dark. In addition, the lsl1 mutant exhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation and cell death. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) and comet assays revealed that the lsl1 mutant contained severe DNA damage, resulting in reduced grain yield and quality. RNA sequencing, gene expression, and protein activity analyses indicate that LSL1 is required for chloroplast function. Furthermore, LSL1 interacts with PsaD and PAP10 to form a regulatory module that functions in chlorophyll synthesis and chloroplast development to maintain redox balance. Our results reveal that LSL1 maintains chloroplast structure, redox homeostasis, and DNA stability, and plays important roles in the interaction between genetic factors and environmental signals and in regulating grain size and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qiankun Xu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- College of Modern Agriculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Jiang R, Zhou S, Da X, Chen T, Xu J, Yan P, Mo X. Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 2 (OsUBP2) Negatively Regulates Cell Death and Disease Resistance in Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192568. [PMID: 36235432 PMCID: PMC9571816 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) are great materials for studying programmed cell death and immune mechanisms in plants. Various mechanisms are involved in the phenotypes of different LMMs, but few studies have explored the mechanisms linking deubiquitination and LMMs in rice (Oryza sativa). Here, we identified a rice LMM, rust spots rice (rsr1), resulting from the mutation of a single recessive gene. This LMM has spontaneous reddish-brown spots on its leaves, and displays enhanced resistance to both fungal leaf blast (caused by Magnaporthe oryzae) and bacterial blight (caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). Map-based cloning showed that the mutated gene in rsr1 encodes a Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 2 (OsUBP2). The mutation of OsUBP2 was shown to result in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, chloroplast structural defects, and programmed cell death, while the overexpression of OsUBP2 weakened rice resistance to leaf blast. OsUBP2 is therefore a negative regulator of immune processes and ROS production. OsUBP2 has deubiquitinating enzyme activity in vitro, and the enzyme active site includes a cysteine at the 234th residue. The ubiquitinated proteomics data of rsr1 and WT provide some possible target protein candidates for OsUBP2.
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Li ZH, Wang SL, Zhu YJ, Fan YY, Huang DR, Zhu AK, Zhuang JY, Liang Y, Zhang ZH. Control of Grain Shape and Size in Rice by Two Functional Alleles of OsPUB3 in Varied Genetic Background. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2530. [PMID: 36235396 PMCID: PMC9571118 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Grain shape and size are key determinants of grain appearance quality and yield in rice. In our previous study, a grain shape QTL, qGS1-35.2, was fine-mapped using near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from a cross between Zhenshan 97 (ZS97) and Milyang 46 (MY46). One annotated gene, OsPUB3, was found to be the most likely candidate gene. Here, knockout and overexpression experiments were performed to investigate the effects of OsPUB3 on grain shape and size. Four traits were tested, including grain length, grain width, grain weight, and the ratio of grain length to width. Knockout of OsPUB3 in NILZS97, NILMY46, and another rice cultivar carrying the OsPUB3MY46 allele all caused decreases in grain width and weight and increases in the ratio of grain length to width. Results also showed that the magnitude of the mutational effects varied depending on the target allele and the genetic background. Moreover, it was found that NILZS97 and NILMY46 carried different functional alleles of OsPUB3, causing differences in grain shape rather than grain weight. In the overexpression experiment, significant differences between transgenic-positive and transgenic-negative plants were detected in all four traits. These results indicate that OsPUB3 regulates grain shape and size through a complex mechanism and is a good target for deciphering the regulatory network of grain shape. This gene could be used to improve grain appearance quality through molecular breeding as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Shi-Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yu-Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ye-Yang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - De-Run Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Ai-Ke Zhu
- Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Jie-Yun Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 310006, China
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11
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Yan J, Fang Y, Xue D. Advances in the Genetic Basis and Molecular Mechanism of Lesion Mimic Formation in Rice. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11162169. [PMID: 36015472 PMCID: PMC9412831 DOI: 10.3390/plants11162169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant lesion mutation usually refers to the phenomenon of cell death in green tissues before senescence in the absence of external stress, and such mutants also show enhanced resistance to some plant pathogens. The occurrence of lesion mimic mutants in rice is affected by gene mutation, reactive oxygen species accumulation, an uncontrolled programmed cell death system, and abiotic stress. At present, many lesion mimic mutants have been identified in rice, and some genes have been functionally analyzed. This study reviews the occurrence mechanism of lesion mimic mutants in rice. It analyzes the function of rice lesion mimic mutant genes to elucidate the molecular regulation pathways of rice lesion mimic mutants in regulating plant disease resistance.
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12
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A Single Amino Acid Substitution in MIL1 Leads to Activation of Programmed Cell Death and Defense Responses in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168853. [PMID: 36012116 PMCID: PMC9408282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants are an ideal model system for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of programmed cell death and defense responses in rice. In this study, we identified a lesion mimic mutant termed miner infection like 1-1 (mil1-1). The mil1-1 exhibited lesions on the leaves during development, and the chloroplasts of mil1-1 leaves were disrupted. Reactive oxygen species were found to accumulate in mil1-1 leaves. Cell death and DNA fragmentation were observed in mil1-1 leaves, indicating that the cells in the spots of mil1-1 leaves experienced programmed cell death. Most agronomic traits decreased in mil1-1, suggesting that the growth retardation in mil1-1 caused reduced per-plant grain yield. However, the mutation of MIL1 activated the expression of pathogen response genes and enhanced resistance to bacterial blight. The MIL1 gene was cloned using the positional cloning approach. A missense mutation 751 bp downstream of ATG was found in mil1-1. The defects of mil1-1 were able to be rescued by delivering a wild-type MIL1 gene into mil1-1. MIL1 encoded hydroperoxide lyase 3 (OsHPL3), and the expression of OsHPL3 was induced via hormone and abiotic stresses. Our findings provide insights into the roles of MIL1 in regulating programmed cell death, development, yield, and defense responses in rice.
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13
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Wang R, You X, Zhang C, Fang H, Wang M, Zhang F, Kang H, Xu X, Liu Z, Wang J, Zhao Q, Wang X, Hao Z, He F, Tao H, Wang D, Wang J, Fang L, Qin M, Zhao T, Zhang P, Xing H, Xiao Y, Liu W, Xie Q, Wang GL, Ning Y. An ORFeome of rice E3 ubiquitin ligases for global analysis of the ubiquitination interactome. Genome Biol 2022; 23:154. [PMID: 35821048 PMCID: PMC9277809 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitination is essential for many cellular processes in eukaryotes, including 26S proteasome-dependent protein degradation, cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, and signal transduction. Although numerous ubiquitinated proteins have been empirically identified, their cognate ubiquitin E3 ligases remain largely unknown. RESULTS Here, we generate a complete ubiquitin E3 ligase-encoding open reading frames (UbE3-ORFeome) library containing 98.94% of the 1515 E3 ligase genes in the rice (Oryza sativa L.) genome. In the test screens with four known ubiquitinated proteins, we identify both known and new E3s. The interaction and degradation between several E3s and their substrates are confirmed in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we identify the F-box E3 ligase OsFBK16 as a hub-interacting protein of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase family OsPAL1-OsPAL7. We demonstrate that OsFBK16 promotes the degradation of OsPAL1, OsPAL5, and OsPAL6. Remarkably, we find that overexpression of OsPAL1 or OsPAL6 as well as loss-of-function of OsFBK16 in rice displayed enhanced blast resistance, indicating that OsFBK16 degrades OsPALs to negatively regulate rice immunity. CONCLUSIONS The rice UbE3-ORFeome is the first complete E3 ligase library in plants and represents a powerful proteomic resource for rapid identification of the cognate E3 ligases of ubiquitinated proteins and establishment of functional E3-substrate interactome in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaoman You
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chongyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Houxiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Qingzhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252000, China
| | - Xuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zeyun Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feng He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hui Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Debao Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jisong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengchao Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tianxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Hefei Xing
- OE Biotech Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201112, China
| | | | - Wende Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guo-Liang Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yuese Ning
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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14
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Li J, Chen M, Fan T, Mu X, Gao J, Wang Y, Jing T, Shi C, Niu H, Zhen S, Fu J, Zheng J, Wang G, Tang J, Gou M. Underlying mechanism of accelerated cell death and multiple disease resistance in a maize lethal leaf spot 1 allele. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3991-4007. [PMID: 35303096 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple disease resistance (MDR) in maize has attracted increasing attention. However, the interplay between cell death and metabolite changes and their contributions to MDR remains elusive in maize. In this study, we identified a mutant named as lesion mimic 30 (les30) that showed 'suicidal' lesion formation in the absence of disease and had enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen Curvularia lunata. Using map-based cloning, we identified the causal gene encoding pheophorbide a oxidase (PAO), which is known to be involved in chlorophyll degradation and MDR, and is encoded by LETHAL LEAF SPOT1 (LLS1). LLS1 was found to be induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcriptomics analysis showed that genes involved in defense responses and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were mildly activated in leaves of the les30 mutant without lesions, whilst they were strongly activated in leaves with lesions. In addition, in les30 leaves with lesions, there was overaccumulation of defense-associated phytohormones including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, and of phytoalexins including phenylpropanoids, lignin, and flavonoids, suggesting that their biosynthesis was activated in a lesion-dependent manner. Taken together, our study implies the existence of an interactive amplification loop of interrupted chlorophyll degradation, cell death, expression of defense-related genes, and metabolite changes that results in suicidal lesion formation and MDR, and this has the potential to be exploited by genetic manipulation to improve maize disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tianyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Teng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Cuilan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sihan Zhen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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15
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Li R, Sun J, Ning X, Liu D, Chen X. BpEIL1 negatively regulates resistance to Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria alternata in birch. Gene 2022; 97:81-91. [PMID: 35675986 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.21-00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pathogen attacks affect tree health, causing considerable economic losses as well as serious damage to the surrounding environment. Understanding the disease resistance mechanisms of trees is important for tree breeding. In previous studies on birch (Betula platyphylla × B. pendula), we identified a lesion mimic mutant called lmd. We found that reduced expression of BpEIL1 was responsible for the phenotype in lmd. Following cloning, we acquired several BpEIL1 overexpression and suppression lines in birch. In this study, we cloned the BpEIL1 promoter and found that BpEIL1 was primarily expressed in leaves, particularly in veins. We further studied the traits of transgenic lines and the function of BpEIL1 in disease resistance in birch using the BpEIL1 overexpression line OE9, the suppression line SE13 and the non-transgenic line NT. We found that hydrogen peroxide accumulated in SE13 leaves. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activity significantly increased in SE13. SE13 was more resistant to the fungal pathogens Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani than were the OE9 and NT lines. RNA-seq indicated that pathways related to signal transduction, disease resistance and plant immunity were enriched in SE13. BpEIL1 is thus a negative regulatory transcription factor for disease resistance in birch. This study provides a reference for disease resistance of birch and other trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranhong Li
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University
| | - Jingjing Sun
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University
| | - Xiaomeng Ning
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University
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16
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Rice Lesion Mimic Gene Cloning and Association Analysis for Disease Resistance. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:2350-2361. [PMID: 35678689 PMCID: PMC9164038 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44050160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants refer to a class of mutants that naturally form necrotic lesions similar to allergic reactions on leaves in the absence of significant stress or damage and without being harmed by pathogens. Mutations in most lesion mimic genes, such as OsACL-A2 and OsSCYL2, can enhance mutants’ resistance to pathogens. Lesion mimic mutants are ideal materials for studying programmed cell death (PCD) and plant defense mechanisms. Studying the genes responsible for the rice disease-like phenotype is of great significance for understanding the disease resistance mechanism of rice. In this paper, the nomenclature, occurrence mechanism, genetic characteristics, regulatory pathways, and the research progress on the cloning and disease resistance of rice lesion mimic mutant genes were reviewed, in order to further analyze the various lesion mimic mutants of rice. The mechanism lays a theoretical foundation and provides a reference for rice breeding.
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17
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The Rice Malectin Regulates Plant Cell Death and Disease Resistance by Participating in Glycoprotein Quality Control. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105819. [PMID: 35628631 PMCID: PMC9144812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In animals, malectin is well known to play an essential role in endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) by interacting with ribophorin I, one unit of the oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) complex. However, the functions of malectin in plants remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate the rice OsMLD1 is an ER- and Golgi-associated malectin protein and physically interacts with rice homolog of ribophorin I (OsRpn1), and its disruption leads to spontaneous lesion mimic lesions, enhanced disease resistance, and prolonged ER stress. In addition, there are many more N-glycosites and N-glycoproteins identified from the mld1 mutant than wildtype. Furthermore, OsSERK1 and OsSERK2, which have more N-glycosites in mld1, were demonstrated to interact with OsMLD1. OsMLD1 can suppress OsSERK1- or OsSERK2-induced cell death. Thus, OsMLD1 may play a similar role to its mammalian homologs in glycoprotein quality control, thereby regulating cell death and immunity of rice, which uncovers the function of malectin in plants.
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18
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Yao Y, Zhou J, Cheng C, Niu F, Zhang A, Sun B, Tu R, Wan J, Li Y, Huang Y, Xie K, Dai Y, Zhang H, Hong JH, Pan X, Zhu J, Zhou H, Liu Z, Cao L, Chu H. A conserved clathrin-coated vesicle component, OsSCYL2, regulates plant innate immunity in rice. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:542-555. [PMID: 34866195 PMCID: PMC9305246 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Clathrin-mediated vesicle trafficking (CMVT) is a fundamental process in all eukaryotic species, and indispensable to organism's growth and development. Recently, it has been suggested that CMVT also plays important roles in the regulation of plant immunity. However, the molecular link between CMVT and plant immunity is largely unknown. SCY1-LIKE2 (SCYL2) is evolutionally conserved among the eukaryote species. Loss-of-function of SCYL2 in Arabidopsis led to severe growth defects. Here, we show that mutation of OsSCYL2 in rice gave rise to a novel phenotype-hypersensitive response-like (HR) cell death in a light-dependent manner. Although mutants of OsSCYL2 showed additional defects in the photosynthetic system, they exhibited enhanced resistance to bacterial pathogens. Subcellular localisation showed that OsSCYL2 localized at Golgi, trans-Golgi network and prevacuolar compartment. OsSCYL2 interacted with OsSPL28, subunit of a clathrin-associated adaptor protein that is known to regulate HR-like cell death in rice. We further showed that OsSCYL2-OsSPL28 interaction is mediated by OsCHC1. Collectively, we characterized a novel component of the CMVT pathway in the regulation of plant immunity. Our work also revealed unidentified new functions of the very conserved SCYL2. It thus may provide new breeding targets to achieve both high yield and enhanced resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jihua Zhou
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Can Cheng
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Fuan Niu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Anpeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Bin Sun
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Rongjian Tu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Jianing Wan
- Institute of Edible FungiShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Li
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of Fisheries and LifeShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yiwen Huang
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Kaizhen Xie
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of Fisheries and LifeShanghai Ocean UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuting Dai
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life ScienceShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jing Han Hong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology ProgrammeDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
| | - Xiaohua Pan
- College of AgronomyJiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchangJiangxiChina
| | - Jiaojiao Zhu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Joint Center for Single Cell BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liming Cao
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Huangwei Chu
- Institute of Crop Breeding and CultivationShanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina
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19
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Gao Y, Xiang X, Zhang Y, Cao Y, Wang B, Zhang Y, Wang C, Jiang M, Duan W, Chen D, Zhan X, Cheng S, Liu Q, Cao L. Disruption of OsPHD1, Encoding a UDP-Glucose Epimerase, Causes JA Accumulation and Enhanced Bacterial Blight Resistance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020751. [PMID: 35054937 PMCID: PMC8775874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) have been widely used in experiments in recent years for studying plant physiological mechanisms underlying programmed cell death (PCD) and defense responses. Here, we identified a lesion mimic mutant, lm212-1, which cloned the causal gene by a map-based cloning strategy, and verified this by complementation. The causal gene, OsPHD1, encodes a UDP-glucose epimerase (UGE), and the OsPHD1 was located in the chloroplast. OsPHD1 was constitutively expressed in all organs, with higher expression in leaves and other green tissues. lm212-1 exhibited decreased chlorophyll content, and the chloroplast structure was destroyed. Histochemistry results indicated that H2O2 is highly accumulated and cell death is occurred around the lesions in lm212-1. Compared to the wild type, expression levels of defense-related genes were up-regulated, and resistance to bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) was enhanced, indicating that the defense response was activated in lm212-1, ROS production was induced by flg22, and chitin treatment also showed the same result. Jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) increased, and the JA signaling pathways appeared to be disordered in lm212-1. Additionally, the overexpression lines showed the same phenotype as the wild type. Overall, our findings demonstrate that OsPHD1 is involved in the regulation of PCD and defense response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaojiao Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Beifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Wenjing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (L.C.); Tel.: +86-0571-6337-0218 (Q.L.); +86-0571-6337-0329 (L.C.)
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Chinese National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China; (Y.G.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.); (Y.C.); (B.W.); (Y.Z.); (C.W.); (M.J.); (W.D.); (D.C.); (X.Z.); (S.C.)
- Northern Center of China National Rice Research Institute, China National Rice Research Institute, Shuangyashan 155100, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (L.C.); Tel.: +86-0571-6337-0218 (Q.L.); +86-0571-6337-0329 (L.C.)
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Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Mao X, Jiang M, Wei Y, Lian L, Xu H, Chen L, Xie H, Lu G, Zhang J. SDR7-6, a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase family protein, regulates light-dependent cell death and defence responses in rice. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:78-91. [PMID: 34633131 PMCID: PMC8659612 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants resembling the hypersensitive response without pathogen attack are an ideal material to understand programmed cell death, the defence response, and the cross-talk between defence response and development in plants. In this study, mic, a lesion mimic mutant from cultivar Yunyin treated with ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS), was screened. By map-based cloning, a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase with an atypical active site HxxxK was isolated and designated as SDR7-6. It functions as a homomultimer in rice and is localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. The lesion mimic phenotype of the mutant is light-dependent. The mutant displayed an increased resistance response to bacterial blight, but reduced resistance to rice blast disease. The mutant and knockout lines showed increased reactive oxygen species, jasmonic acid content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and expression of pathogenicity-related genes, while chlorophyll content was significantly reduced. The knockout lines showed significant reduction in grain size, seed setting rate, 1000-grain weight, grain weight per plant, panicle length, and plant height. SDR7-6 is a new lesion mimic gene that encodes a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase with atypical catalytic site. Disruption of SDR7-6 led to cell death and had adverse effects on multiple agricultural characters. SDR7-6 may act at the interface of the two defence pathways of bacterial blight and rice blast disease in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Yongsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Xiaohui Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Minrong Jiang
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Yidong Wei
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Ling Lian
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Huibin Xu
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Liping Chen
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Huaan Xie
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
| | - Guodong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
| | - Jianfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina
- Rice Research InstituteFujian Academy of Agricultural SciencesFuzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Affairs P.R. China/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences and Technology/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular BreedingFuzhouChina
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Qiu T, Zhao X, Feng H, Qi L, Yang J, Peng Y, Zhao W. OsNBL3, a mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat protein, is involved in splicing nad5 intron 4 and its disruption causes lesion mimic phenotype with enhanced resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2277-2290. [PMID: 34197672 PMCID: PMC8541779 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants are used to elucidate mechanisms controlling plant responses to pathogen attacks and environmental stresses. Although dozens of genes had been functionally demonstrated to be involved in lesion mimic phenotype in several plant species, the molecular mechanisms underlying the hypersensitive response are largely unknown. Here, a rice (Oryza sativa) lesion mimic mutant natural blight leaf 3 (nbl3) was identified from T-DNA insertion lines. The causative gene, OsNBL3, encodes a mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein. The nbl3 mutant exhibited spontaneous cell death response and H2 O2 accumulation, and displayed enhanced resistance to the fungal and bacterial pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. This resistance was consistent with the up-regulation of several defence-related genes; thus, defence responses were induced in nbl3. RNA interference lines of OsNBL3 exhibited enhanced disease resistance similar to that of nbl3, while the disease resistance in overexpression lines did not differ from that of the wild type. In addition, nbl3 displayed improved tolerance to salt, accompanied by up-regulation of several salt-associated marker genes. OsNBL3 was found to mainly participate in the splicing of mitochondrial gene nad5 intron 4. Disruption of OsNBL3 leads to the reduction in complex I activity, the elevation of alternative respiratory pathways and the destruction of mitochondrial morphology. Overall, the results demonstrated that the PPR protein-coding gene OsNBL3 is essential for mitochondrial development and functions, and its disruption causes the lesion mimic phenotype and enhances disease resistance and tolerance to salt in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaosheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Huijing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Linlu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - You‐Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green ManagementDepartment of Plant PathologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Liu Z, Zhu Y, Shi H, Qiu J, Ding X, Kou Y. Recent Progress in Rice Broad-Spectrum Disease Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11658. [PMID: 34769087 PMCID: PMC8584176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. However, stable rice production is constrained by various diseases, in particular rice blast, sheath blight, bacterial blight, and virus diseases. Breeding and cultivation of resistant rice varieties is the most effective method to control the infection of pathogens. Exploitation and utilization of the genetic determinants of broad-spectrum resistance represent a desired way to improve the resistance of susceptible rice varieties. Recently, researchers have focused on the identification of rice broad-spectrum disease resistance genes, which include R genes, defense-regulator genes, and quantitative trait loci (QTL) against two or more pathogen species or many isolates of the same pathogen species. The cloning of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes and understanding their underlying mechanisms not only provide new genetic resources for breeding broad-spectrum rice varieties, but also promote the development of new disease resistance breeding strategies, such as editing susceptibility and executor R genes. In this review, the most recent advances in the identification of broad-spectrum disease resistance genes in rice and their application in crop improvement through biotechnology approaches during the past 10 years are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Yujun Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Huanbin Shi
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
| | - Xinhua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China;
| | - Yanjun Kou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311400, China; (Z.L.); (Y.Z.); (H.S.); (J.Q.)
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Rice Lesion Mimic Mutants (LMM): The Current Understanding of Genetic Mutations in the Failure of ROS Scavenging during Lesion Formation. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081598. [PMID: 34451643 PMCID: PMC8400881 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rice lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) form spontaneous lesions on the leaves during vegetative growth without pathogenic infections. The rice LMM group includes various mutants, including spotted leaf mutants, brown leaf mutants, white-stripe leaf mutants, and other lesion-phenotypic mutants. These LMM mutants exhibit a common phenotype of lesions on the leaves linked to chloroplast destruction caused by the eruption of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the photosynthesis process. This process instigates the hypersensitive response (HR) and programmed cell death (PCD), resulting in lesion formation. The reasons for lesion formation have been studied extensively in terms of genetics and molecular biology to understand the pathogen and stress responses. In rice, the lesion phenotypes of most rice LMMs are inherited according to the Mendelian principles of inheritance, which remain in the subsequent generations. These rice LMM genetic traits have highly developed innate self-defense mechanisms. Thus, although rice LMM plants have undesirable agronomic traits, the genetic principles of LMM phenotypes can be used to obtain high grain yields by deciphering the efficiency of photosynthesis, disease resistance, and environmental stress responses. From these ailing rice LMM plants, rice geneticists have discovered novel proteins and physiological causes of ROS in photosynthesis and defense mechanisms. This review discusses recent studies on rice LMMs for the Mendelian inheritances, molecular genetic mapping, and the genetic definition of each mutant gene.
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Zhang H, Huang Q, Yi L, Song X, Li L, Deng G, Liang J, Chen F, Yu M, Long H. PAL-mediated SA biosynthesis pathway contributes to nematode resistance in wheat. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:698-712. [PMID: 33974322 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The pathogen cereal cyst nematode (CCN) is deleterious to Triticeae crops and is a threat to the global crop yield. Accession no. 1 of Aegilops variabilis, a relative of Triticum aestivum (bread wheat), is highly resistant to CCN. Our previous study demonstrated that the expression of the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene AevPAL1 in Ae. variabilis is strongly induced by CCN. PAL, the first enzyme of phenylpropanoid metabolism, is involved in abiotic and biotic stress responses. However, its role in plant-CCN interaction remains unknown. In the present study, we proved that AevPAL1 helps to confer CCN resistance through affecting the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) and downstream secondary metabolites. The silencing of AevPAL1 increased the incidence of CCN infection in roots and decreased the accumulation of SA and phenylalanine (Phe)-derived specialized metabolites. The exogenous pre-application of SA also improved CCN resistance. Additionally, the functions of PAL in phenylpropanoid metabolism correlated with tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC) functioning in tryptophan metabolism pathways. The silencing of either AevPAL1 or AevTDC1 exhibited a concomitant reduction in the expression of both genes and the contents of metabolites downstream of PAL and TDC. These results suggested that AevPAL1, possibly in coordination with AevTDC1, positively contributes to CCN resistance by altering the downstream secondary metabolites and SA content in Ae. variabilis. Moreover, AevPAL1 overexpression significantly enhanced CCN resistance in bread wheat and did not exhibit significant negative effects on yield-related traits, suggesting that AevPAL1 is valuable for the genetic improvement of CCN resistance in bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Zhang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiulan Huang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Sichuan Tea, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644000, China
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ling Yi
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaona Song
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, China
| | - Guangbing Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junjun Liang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Maoqun Yu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hai Long
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Wang D, Wang H, Liu Q, Tu R, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wu W, Yu P, Chen D, Zhan X, Cao L, Cheng S, Shen X. Reduction of OsMPK6 activity by a R89K mutation induces cell death and bacterial blight resistance in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:835-850. [PMID: 33730215 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The R89 is essential for the kinase activity of OsMPK6 which negatively regulates cell death and defense response in rice. Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade plays critical roles in various vital activities, including the plant immune response, but the mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identified and characterized a rice lesion mimic mutant osmpk6 which displayed hypersensitive response-like lesions in company with cell death and hydrogen peroxide hyperaccumulation. Map-based cloning and complementation demonstrated that a G702A single-base substitution in the second exon of OsMPK6 led to the lesion mimic phenotype of the osmpk6 mutant. OsMPK6 encodes a cytoplasm and nucleus-targeted mitogen-activated protein kinase and is expressed in the various organs. Compared with wild type, the osmpk6 mutant exhibited high resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), likely due to the increased ROS production induced by flg22 and chitin and up-regulated expression of genes involved in pathogenesis, as well as activation of SA and JA signaling pathways after inoculation. By contrast, the OsMPK6-overexpression line (OE-1) was found to be susceptible to the bacterial pathogens, indicating that OsMPK6 negatively regulated Xoo resistance. Furthermore, the G702A single-base substitution caused a R89K mutation at both polypeptide substrate-binding site and active site of OsMPK6, and kinase activity assay revealed that the R89K mutation led to reduction of OsMPK6 activity, suggesting that the R89 is essential for the function of OsMPK6. Our findings provide insight into a vital role of the R89 of OsMPK6 in regulating cell death and defense response in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Ranran Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Xingpeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China.
| | - Xihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311401, China.
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26
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Meng L, Qi C, Wang C, Wang S, Zhou C, Ren Y, Cheng Z, Zhang X, Guo X, Zhao Z, Wang J, Lin Q, Zhu S, Wang H, Wang Z, Lei C, Wan J. Determinant Factors and Regulatory Systems for Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Rice Apiculi and Stigmas. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:37. [PMID: 33881644 PMCID: PMC8060382 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins cause purple, brown or red colors in various tissues of rice plants, but the specific determinant factors and regulatory systems for anthocyanin biosynthesis in almost all tissues remain largely unknown. In the present study, we mapped and isolated two complementary genes, OsC1 encoding a R2R3-MYB transcriptional factor and OsDFR encoding a dihydroflavonol 4-reductase, which are responsible for the purple coloration of apiculi and stigmas in indica cultivar Xieqingzao by the map-based cloning strategy. We also identified two tissue-specific pigmentation genes, OsPa for apiculi and OsPs for stigmas, by phylogenetic analysis of all anthocyanin biosynthesis-associated bHLH transcriptional factors in maize and rice, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and transcriptional expression analysis. The OsC1, OsPa and OsPs proteins are all localized in the nucleus while the OsDFR protein is localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and the OsC1 and OsDFR genes are preferentially strongly expressed in both purple-colored tissues while the OsPa and OsPs genes are preferentially strongly expressed in apiculi and stigmas, respectively. OsC1 specifically interacts with OsPa or OsPs to activate OsDFR and other anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, resulting in purple-colored apiculi or stigmas. OsC1 itself does not produce color but can produce brown apiculi when functioning together with OsPa. Loss of function of OsDFR alone leads to brown apiculi and straw-white stigmas. Genotyping and phenotyping of a panel of 176 rice accessions revealed diverse genotypic combinations of OsC1, OsDFR, OsPa and OsPs that enable accurate prediction of their apiculus and stigma pigmentation phenotypes, thus validating the general applicability of the OsC1-OsDFR-OsPa and OsC1-OsDFR-OsPs models to natural populations. Our findings disclosed the biological functions of OsC1, OsPa and OsPs, and shed light on the specific regulatory systems of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apiculi and stigmas, a further step in understanding the regulatory network of anthocyanin biosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Meng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changyan Qi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cuihong Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhijun Cheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhichao Zhao
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Cailin Lei
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences/National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement/Jiangsu Provincial Center of Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Cao Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Yu N, Liaqat S, Wu W, Chen D, Cheng S, Wei X, Cao L, Zhang Y, Liu Q. OsPG1 Encodes a Polygalacturonase that Determines Cell Wall Architecture and Affects Resistance to Bacterial Blight Pathogen in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:36. [PMID: 33881659 PMCID: PMC8060378 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant cell walls are the main physical barrier encountered by pathogens colonizing plant tissues. Alteration of cell wall integrity (CWI) can activate specific defenses by impairing proteins involved in cell wall biosynthesis, degradation and remodeling, or cell wall damage due to biotic or abiotic stress. Polygalacturonase (PG) depolymerize pectin by hydrolysis, thereby altering pectin composition and structures and activating cell wall defense. Although many studies of CWI have been reported, the mechanism of how PGs regulate cell wall immune response is not well understood. RESULTS Necrosis appeared in leaf tips at the tillering stage, finally resulting in 3-5 cm of dark brown necrotic tissue. ltn-212 showed obvious cell death and accumulation of H2O2 in leaf tips. The defense responses were activated in ltn-212 to resist bacterial blight pathogen of rice. Map based cloning revealed that a single base substitution (G-A) in the first intron caused incorrect splicing of OsPG1, resulting in a necrotic phenotype. OsPG1 is constitutively expressed in all organs, and the wild-type phenotype was restored in complementation individuals and knockout of wild-type lines resulted in necrosis as in ltn-212. Transmission electron microscopy showed that thicknesses of cell walls were significantly reduced and cell size and shape were significantly diminished in ltn-212. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that OsPG1 encodes a PG in response to the leaf tip necrosis phenotype of ltn-212. Loss-of-function mutation of ltn-212 destroyed CWI, resulting in spontaneous cell death and an auto-activated defense response including reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression, as well as enhanced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). These findings promote our understanding of the CWI mediated defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shah Liaqat
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinghua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Zhejiang, 310006, Hangzhou, China.
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28
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Wei Q, Yan Z, Xiong Y, Fang Z. Altered Expression of OsAAP3 Influences Rice Lesion Mimic and Leaf Senescence by Regulating Arginine Transport and Nitric Oxide Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2181. [PMID: 33671705 PMCID: PMC7927093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent lesion mimic can cause leaf senescence, affecting grain yield in crops. However, knowledge about the regulation of lesion mimic and leaf senescence in crop plants is still limited. Here, we report that the amino acid transporter OsAAP3, a negative regulator of tiller bud elongation and rice grain yield, is involved in lesion mimic and leaf senescence. Altered expression of OsAAP3 can initiate the nitric oxide signaling pathway through excessive accumulation of arginine in rice leaves, influencing ROS accumulation, antioxidant enzymes activities, proline concentration, and malondialdehyde concentration. This finally triggers cell death which ultimately leads to lesion mimic and leaf senescence by regulating the degradation of chloroplast and the expression abundance of components in the photosynthetic pathway. Overall, the results not only provide initial insights into the regulatory role of amino acid transport genes in rice growth and development, but also help to understand the factors regulating the leaf senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Zhenwei Yan
- Xiamen Plant Genetics Key Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Yifan Xiong
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China;
| | - Zhongming Fang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of Viral Vector, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan 430415, China;
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29
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Zhao X, Qiu T, Feng H, Yin C, Zheng X, Yang J, Peng YL, Zhao W. A novel glycine-rich domain protein, GRDP1, functions as a critical feedback regulator for controlling cell death and disease resistance in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:608-622. [PMID: 32995857 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lesion mimic mutants constitute a valuable genetic resource for unraveling the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms governing the programmed cell death and defense responses of plants. Here, we identified a lesion mimic mutant, spl-D, from T-DNA insertion rice lines. The mutant exhibited higher accumulation of H2O2, spontaneous cell death, decreased chlorophyll content, up-regulation of defense-related genes, and enhanced disease resistance. The causative gene, OsGRDP1, encodes a cytosol- and membrane-associated glycine-rich domain protein. OsGRDP1 was expressed constitutively in all of the organs of the wild-type plant, but was up-regulated throughout plant development in the spl-D mutant. Both the overexpression and knockdown (RNAi) of OsGRDP1 resulted in the lesion mimic phenotype. Moreover, the intact-protein level of OsGRDP1 was reduced in the spotted leaves from both overexpression and RNAi plants, suggesting that the disruption of intact OsGRDP1 is responsible for lesion formation. OsGRDP1 interacted with an aspartic proteinase, OsAP25. In the spl-D and overexpression plants, proteinase activity was elevated, and lesion formation was partially suppressed by an aspartic proteinase inhibitor. Taken together, our results reveal that OsGRDP1 is a critical feedback regulator, thus contributing to the elucidation of the mechanism underlying cell death and disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiancheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huijing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changfa Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xunmei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - You-Liang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wensheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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30
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Cui Y, Peng Y, Zhang Q, Xia S, Ruan B, Xu Q, Yu X, Zhou T, Liu H, Zeng D, Zhang G, Gao Z, Hu J, Zhu L, Shen L, Guo L, Qian Q, Ren D. Disruption of EARLY LESION LEAF 1, encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, induces ROS accumulation and cell death in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:942-956. [PMID: 33190327 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Lesion-mimic mutants (LMMs) provide a valuable tool to reveal the molecular mechanisms determining programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. Despite intensive research, the mechanisms behind PCD and the formation of lesions in various LMMs still remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified a rice (Oryza sativa) LMM, early lesion leaf 1 (ell1), cloned the causal gene by map-based cloning, and verified this by complementation. ELL1 encodes a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, and the ELL1 protein was located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The ell1 mutant exhibited decreased chlorophyll contents, serious chloroplast degradation, upregulated expression of chloroplast degradation-related genes, and attenuated photosynthetic protein activity, indicating that ELL1 is involved in chloroplast development. RNA sequencing analysis showed that genes related to oxygen binding were differentially expressed in ell1 and wild-type plants; histochemistry and paraffin sectioning results indicated that hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and callose accumulated in the ell1 leaves, and the cell structure around the lesions was severely damaged, which indicated that reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated and cell death occurred in the mutant. TUNEL staining and comet experiments revealed that severe DNA degradation and abnormal PCD occurred in the ell1 mutants, which implied that excessive ROS accumulation may induce DNA damage and ROS-mediated cell death in the mutant. Additionally, lesion initiation in the ell1 mutant was light dependent and temperature sensitive. Our findings revealed that ELL1 affects chloroplast development or function, and that loss of ELL1 function induces ROS accumulation and lesion formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiang Cui
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Youlin Peng
- Rice Research Institute, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Saisai Xia
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Banpu Ruan
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Qiankun Xu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Dali Zeng
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Guangheng Zhang
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Gao
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Lan Shen
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Longbiao Guo
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Qian Qian
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Deyong Ren
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
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31
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Fu J, Shi Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Li J, Fang J, Ji R. Planthopper-Secreted Salivary Disulfide Isomerase Activates Immune Responses in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:622513. [PMID: 33537052 PMCID: PMC7848103 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.622513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus; SBPH) is a piercing-sucking insect that secretes salivary proteins into its plant host during feeding. However, the mechanisms by which these salivary proteins regulate plant defense responses remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the disulfide isomerase (LsPDI1) in the SBPH salivary proteome. LsPDI1 was highly expressed in the SBPH salivary glands and secreted into rice plants during feeding. Transient in planta LsPDI1 expression in the absence of signal peptide induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst, cell death, callose deposition, and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathway. Deletion mutant analysis revealed that either the a-b-b' or the b-b'-a' domains in LsPDI1 are required to induce cell death in plants. LsPDI1 and its orthologs were highly conserved among various planthopper species and strongly induced ROS burst and cell death in plants. Transient in Nicotiana benthamiana LsPDI1 expression impaired the performance of Spodoptera frugiperda and Myzus persicae on host plants. Hence, LsPDI1 is an important salivary elicitor that enhances plant resistance to insects by inducing the calcium, ROS, and JA signaling pathways. The findings of this study provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Shi
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Jichao Fang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Rui Ji
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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32
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Tu R, Wang H, Liu Q, Wang D, Zhou X, Xu P, Zhang Y, Wu W, Chen D, Cao L, Cheng S, Shen X. Characterization and genetic analysis of the oshpl3 rice lesion mimic mutant showing spontaneous cell death and enhanced bacterial blight resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 154:94-104. [PMID: 32535325 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant lesion mimic mutants have been used as ideal materials for studying pathogen defense mechanisms due to their spontaneous activation of defense responses in plants. Here, we report the identification and characterization of a rice lesion mimic mutant, oshpl3. The oshpl3 mutant initially displayed white spots on leaves of 7-day-old seedlings, and the white spots gradually turned into large brown spots during plant development, accompanied by poor metrics of major agronomic traits. Histochemical analysis showed that spontaneous cell death and H2O2 hyperaccumulation occurred in oshpl3. Defense responses were induced in the oshpl3 mutant, such as enhanced ROS signaling activated by recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and also upregulated expression of genes involved in pathogenesis and JA metabolism. These defense responses enhanced resistance to bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. The mutated gene was identified as OsHPL3 (LOC_Os02g02000) by map-based cloning. A G1006A mutation occurred in OsHPL3, causing a G-to-D mutation of the 295th amino acid in the transmembrane region of OsHPL3. OsHPL3 localized to the chloroplast, cytoplasm, and another unknown organelle, while the mutated protein OsHPL3G295D was not obviously observed in the chloroplast, suggesting that the G295D mutation affected its chloroplast localization. Based on our findings, the G295D mutation in OsHPL3 is most likely responsible for the phenotypes of the oshpl3 mutant. Our results provide new clues for studying the function of the OsHPL3 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Tu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Qunen Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Dongfei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Xingpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Yinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Weixun Wu
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Daibo Chen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Liyong Cao
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
| | - Shihua Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
| | - Xihong Shen
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
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33
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Gao Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Chen D, Zhan X, Deng C, Cheng S, Cao L. OsCUL3a-Associated Molecular Switches Have Functions in Cell Metabolism, Cell Death, and Disease Resistance. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5471-5482. [PMID: 32320244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study applies parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) proteomics and CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis to identify relationships between cell metabolism, cell death, and disease resistance. In oscul3a (oscullin3a) mutants, OsCUL3a-associated molecular switches are responsible for disrupted cell metabolism that leads to increased total lipid content in rice grain, a late accumulation of H2O2 in leaves, enhanced Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae disease resistance, and suppressed panicle and first internode growth. In oscul3a mutants, PRM-confirmed upregulated molecular switch proteins include lipoxygenases (CM-LOX1 and CM-LOX2), suggesting a novel connection between ferroptosis and rice lesion mimic formation. Rice immunity-associated proteins OsNPR1 and OsNPR3 were shown to interact with each other and have opposing regulatory effects based on the cell death phenotype of osnpr1/oscul3a and osnpr3/oscul3a double mutants. Together, these results describe a network that regulates plant growth, disease resistance, and grain quality that includes the E3 ligase OsCUL3a, cell metabolism-associated molecular switches, and immunity switches OsNPR1 and OsNPR3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Daibo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodeng Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Zhejiang Super Rice Research, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China
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Chen Q, Yu F, Xie Q. Insights into endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 226:345-350. [PMID: 31838748 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Secretory and transmembrane protein synthesis and initial modification are essential processes in protein maturation, and these processes are important for maintaining protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). ER homeostasis can be disrupted by the accumulation of misfolded proteins, resulting in ER stress, due to specific intra- or extracellular stresses. Processes including the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and autophagy are thought to play important roles in restoring ER homeostasis. Here, we focus on summarizing and analysing recent advances in our understanding of the role of ERAD in plant physiological processes, especially in plant adaption to biotic and abiotic stresses, and also identify several issues that still need to be resolved in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Feifei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Viana VE, Pegoraro C, Busanello C, Costa de Oliveira A. Mutagenesis in Rice: The Basis for Breeding a New Super Plant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1326. [PMID: 31781133 PMCID: PMC6857675 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The high selection pressure applied in rice breeding since its domestication thousands of years ago has caused a narrowing in its genetic variability. Obtaining new rice cultivars therefore becomes a major challenge for breeders and developing strategies to increase the genetic variability has demanded the attention of several research groups. Understanding mutations and their applications have paved the way for advances in the elucidation of a genetic, physiological, and biochemical basis of rice traits. Creating variability through mutations has therefore grown to be among the most important tools to improve rice. The small genome size of rice has enabled a faster release of higher quality sequence drafts as compared to other crops. The move from structural to functional genomics is possible due to an array of mutant databases, highlighting mutagenesis as an important player in this progress. Furthermore, due to the synteny among the Poaceae, other grasses can also benefit from these findings. Successful gene modifications have been obtained by random and targeted mutations. Furthermore, following mutation induction pathways, techniques have been applied to identify mutations and the molecular control of DNA damage repair mechanisms in the rice genome. This review highlights findings in generating rice genome resources showing strategies applied for variability increasing, detection and genetic mechanisms of DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antonio Costa de Oliveira
- Centro de Genômica e Fitomelhoramento, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Capão do Leão, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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