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Lin WP, Mu X, Chen SH, He CJ, Li HH, Sun CW, Bian HN, Lai W, Huang ZF. [Clinical characteristics of 11 patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection and the establishment of a rapid diagnosis procedure for this disease]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Yu Chuang Mian Xiu Fu Za Zhi 2024; 40:266-272. [PMID: 38548397 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20230803-00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection, share diagnosis and treatment experience, and establish a rapid diagnosis procedure for this disease. Methods: This study was a retrospective case series study. From January 2009 to November 2022, 11 patients with Vibrio vulnificus infection who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burns and Wound Repair of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University. The gender, age, time of onset of illness, time of admission, time of diagnosis, route of infection, underlying diseases, affected limbs, clinical manifestations and signs on admission, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, platelet count, C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), creatinine, procalcitonin, albumin, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and blood sodium levels on admission, culture results and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) results of pathogenic bacteria and the Vibrio vulnificus drug susceptibility test results during hospitalization, treatment methods, length of hospital stay, and outcomes of all patients were recorded. Comparative analysis was conducted on the admission time and diagnosis time of patients with and without a history of exposure to seawater/marine products, as well as the fatality ratio and amputation of limbs/digits ratio of patients with and without early adequate antibiotic treatment. For the survived patients with hand involvement, the hand function was assessed using Brunnstrom staging at the last follow-up. Based on patients' clinical characteristics and treatment conditions, a rapid diagnosis procedure for Vibrio vulnificus infection was established. Results: There were 7 males and 4 females among the patients, aged (56±17) years. Most of the patients developed symptoms in summer and autumn. The admission time was 3.00 (1.00, 4.00) d after the onset of illness, and the diagnosis time was 4.00 (2.00, 8.00) d after the onset of illness. There were 7 and 4 patients with and without a history of contact with seawater/marine products, respectively, and the admission time of these two types of patients was similar (P>0.05). The diagnosis time of patients with a history of contact with seawater/marine products was 2.00 (2.00, 5.00) d after the onset of illness, which was significantly shorter than 9.00 (4.25, 13.00) d after the onset of illness for patients without a history of contact with seawater/marine products (Z=-2.01, P<0.05). Totally 10 patients had underlying diseases. The affected limbs were right-hand in 8 cases, left-hand in 1 case, and lower limb in 2 cases. On admission, a total of 9 patients had fever; 11 patients had pain at the infected site, and redness and swelling of the affected limb, and 9 patients each had ecchymosis/necrosis and blisters/blood blisters; 6 patients suffered from shock, and 2 patients developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. On admission, there were 8 patients with abnormal white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and albumin levels, 10 patients with abnormal CRP, procalcitonin, and NT-proBNP levels, 5 patients with abnormal creatinine and blood sodium levels, and fewer patients with abnormal platelet count, ALT, and AST levels. During hospitalization, 4 of the 11 wound tissue/exudation samples had positive pathogenic bacterial culture results, and the result reporting time was 5.00 (5.00, 5.00) d; 4 of the 9 blood specimens had positive pathogenic bacterial culture results, and the result reporting time was 3.50 (1.25, 5.00) d; the mNGS results of 7 wound tissue/exudation or blood samples were all positive, and the result reporting time was 1.00 (1.00, 2.00) d. The three strains of Vibrio vulnificus detected were sensitive to 10 commonly used clinical antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and amikacin, etc. A total of 10 patients received surgical treatment, 4 of whom had amputation of limbs/digits; all patients received anti-infection treatment. The length of hospital stay of 11 patients was (26±11) d, of whom 9 patients were cured and 2 patients died. Compared with that of the 6 patients who did not receive early adequate antibiotic treatment, the 5 patients who received early adequate antibiotic treatment had no significant changes in the fatality ratio or amputation of limbs/digits ratio (P>0.05). In 3 months to 2 years after surgery, the hand function of 8 patients was assessed, with results showing 4 cases of disabled hands, 2 cases of incompletely disabled hands, and 2 cases of recovered hands. When a patient had clinical symptoms of limb redness and swelling and a history of contact with seawater/marine products or a pre-examination triage RiCH score of Vibrio vulnificus sepsis ≥1, the etiological testing should be initiated immediately to quickly diagnose Vibrio vulnificus infection. Conclusions: Vibrio vulnificus infection occurs most frequently in summer and autumn, with clinical manifestations and laboratory test results showing obvious infection characteristics, and may be accompanied by damage to multiple organ functions. Both the fatality and disability ratios are high and have a great impact on the function of the affected limbs. Early diagnosis is difficult and treatment is easily delayed, but mNGS could facilitate rapid detection. For patients with red and swollen limbs accompanied by a history of contact with seawater/marine products or with a pre-examination triage RiCH score of Vibrio vulnificus sepsis ≥1, the etiological testing should be initiated immediately to quickly diagnose Vibrio vulnificus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W P Lin
- The First Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510062, China
| | - X Mu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - S H Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - C J He
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, Shenzhen People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, the Second Clinical Medicine College of Jinan University, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - H H Li
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - C W Sun
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - H N Bian
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - W Lai
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Z F Huang
- Department of Burns and Wound Repair, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Jing T, Wu Y, Yu Y, Li J, Mu X, Xu L, Wang X, Qi G, Tang J, Wang D, Yang S, Hua J, Gou M. Copine proteins are required for brassinosteroid signaling in maize and Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2028. [PMID: 38459051 PMCID: PMC10923931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Copine proteins are highly conserved and ubiquitously found in eukaryotes, and their indispensable roles in different species were proposed. However, their exact function remains unclear. The phytohormone brassinosteroids (BRs) play vital roles in plant growth, development and environmental responses. A key event in effective BR signaling is the formation of functional BRI1-SERK receptor complex and subsequent transphosphorylation upon ligand binding. Here, we demonstrate that BONZAI (BON) proteins, which are plasma membrane-associated copine proteins, are critical components of BR signaling in both the monocot maize and the dicot Arabidopsis. Biochemical and molecular analyses reveal that BON proteins directly interact with SERK kinases, thereby ensuring effective BRI1-SERK interaction and transphosphorylation. This study advances the knowledge on BR signaling and provides an important target for optimizing valuable agronomic traits, it also opens a way to study steroid hormone signaling and copine proteins of eukaryotes in a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hua
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Shang J, Wang S, Wang A, Li F, Zhang J, Wang J, Lv R, Chen H, Mu X, Zhang K, Bai X, Tian Y. Intra-ovarian inflammatory states and their associations with embryo quality in normal-BMI PCOS patients undergoing IVF treatment. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2024; 22:11. [PMID: 38212789 PMCID: PMC10782707 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of anovulatory infertility in women of reproductive age, and low-grade chronic inflammation plays a key role in the occurrence and development of PCOS. However, obesity, as a likely confounding factor, can affect the inflammatory state of PCOS patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate intra-ovarian inflammatory states and their impact on embryo quality in PCOS patients with a normal BMI undergoing IVF treatment. METHODS DIA-mass spectrometry-based proteomics and bioinformatic analysis were combined to comprehensively profile the protein expression of granulosa cells (GCs) from 5 normal-BMI PCOS patients and 5 controls. Thirty-four cytokines were further systematically detected in follicular fluid (FF) from 32 age- and BMI-matched normal-BMI patients using Luminex liquid chip suspension technology. Next, the differentially expressed cytokines were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 24 newly recruited subjects, and the relationship between these cytokines and embryo quality in PCOS patients was analysed. Finally, these cytokine levels were compared and evaluated in PCOS patients with different androgen levels. RESULTS Proteomic analysis showed that the suppression of substance metabolism and steroid biosynthesis, more interestingly, resulted in an enhanced immune and inflammatory response in the GCs of normal-BMI PCOS patients and prompted the involvement of cytokines in this process. Luminex analysis further showed that FF macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) levels were significantly increased in normal-BMI PCOS patients compared to controls (P = 0.005; P = 0.035, respectively), and the ELISA results were consistent with these findings. Besides, FF MIP-1β showed an inverse correlation with the number of D3 good-quality embryos and the good-quality blastocyst rate in patients with PCOS (P = 0.006; P = 0.003, respectively), which remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Moreover, SDF-1α levels had no relationship with embryo development in PCOS patients. Additionally, SDF-1α levels were significantly lower in PCOS patients with high androgen levels than in controls (P = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS Local ovarian inflammation was present in normal-BMI PCOS patients, affecting follicular development, and FF MIP-1β may be a potential biomarker associated with embryo quality in normal-BMI PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Aiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Lv
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Bai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No.154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Chen J, Mu X, Liu H, Yong Q, Ouyang X, Liu Y, Zheng L, Chen H, Zhai Y, Ma J, Meng L, Liu S, Zheng H. Rotenone impairs brain glial energetics and locomotor behavior in bumblebees. Sci Total Environ 2024; 907:167870. [PMID: 37865240 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Bumblebees are essential pollinators of both wildflowers and crops and face multiple anthropogenic stressors, particularly the utilization of pesticides. Rotenone is an extensively applied neurotoxic pesticide that possesses insecticidal activities against a wide range of pests. However, whether environmentally realistic exposure levels of rotenone can damage neurons in bumblebee brains is still uncertain. Using single-cell RNA-seq, we revealed that rotenone induced cell-specific responses in bumblebee brains, emphasizing the disruption of energy metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction in glial cells. Correspondingly, the gene regulatory network associated with neurotransmission was also suppressed. Notably, rotenone could specially reduce the number of dopaminergic neurons, impairing bumblebee's ability to fly and crawl. We also found impaired intestinal motility in rotenone-treated bumblebees. Finally, we demonstrated that many differentially expressed genes in our snRNA-seq data overlapped with rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease risk genes, especially in glial cells. Although rotenone is widely used owing to its hypotoxicity, we found that environmentally realistic exposure levels of rotenone induced disturbed glial energetics and locomotor dysfunction in bumblebees, which may lead to an indirect decline in this essential pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieteng Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiyao Yong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoman Ouyang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yifan Zhai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Jie Ma
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | | | | | - Hao Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China.
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Li J, Fan T, Zhang Y, Xing Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Gao J, Zhang N, Tian J, Zhao C, Zhen S, Fu J, Mu X, Tang J, Niu H, Gou M. Characterization and fine mapping of a maize lesion mimic mutant (Les8) with enhanced resistance to Curvularia leaf spot and southern leaf blight. Theor Appl Genet 2023; 137:7. [PMID: 38093101 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-023-04511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE A novel light-dependent dominant lesion mimic mutant with enhanced multiple disease resistance was physiologically, biochemically, and genetically characterized; the causal gene was fine mapped to a 909 kb interval containing 38 genes. Identification of genes that confer multiple disease resistance (MDR) is crucial for the improvement of maize disease resistance. However, very limited genes are identified as MDR genes in maize. In this study, we characterized a dominant disease lesion mimics 8 (Les8) mutant that had chlorotic lesions on the leaves and showed enhanced resistance to both curvularia leaf spot and southern leaf blight. Major agronomic traits were not obviously altered, while decreased chlorophyll content was observed in the mutant, and the genetic effect of the Les8 mutation was stable in different genetic backgrounds. By BSR-seq analysis and map-based cloning, the LES8 gene was mapped into a 909 kb region containing 38 candidate genes on chromosome 9 wherein no lesion mimic or disease-resistance genes were previously reported. Using transcriptomics analysis, we found that genes involved in defense responses and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were enriched in the significantly up-regulated genes, while genes involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate-related pathways were enriched in the significantly down-regulated genes in Les8. In addition, there was an overaccumulation of jasmonic acid and lignin but not salicylic acid in Les8. Taken together, this study revealed candidate genes and potential mechanism underlying Les8-conferred MDR in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Tianyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ye Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Na Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jinjun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sihan Zhen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China
| | - Hongbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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Mu X, Li Y. Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Patients with Lung Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e37. [PMID: 37785263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rarely high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung with features of both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. We aim to construct a prognostic nomogram combined with the clinical features and treatment options to predict disease-specific survival (DSS), meanwhile, evaluating the role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in LCNEC by subgroup analysis. MATERIALS/METHODS A total of 713 patients diagnosed with LCNEC from the US National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registry between 2010 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards analysis was conducted to choose the significant predictors of DSS. External validation was performed using 77 patients with LCNEC in the West China Hospital Sichuan University between 2010 and 2018, subgroup analysis was carried out for the whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and PCI population. The predictive accuracy and discriminative capability were estimated by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The clinical applicability of the nomogram was verified through the decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS Six independent risk factors for DSS were identified and integrated into the nomogram. The nomogram achieved good C- indexes of 0.803 and 0.767 in the training and validation group respectively. Moreover, the calibration curves of both cohorts for the probability of survival showed good agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation in 1-, 3- and 5-year DSS. The ROC curves demonstrated the prediction accuracy of the established nomogram (all AUC>0.8). DCA confirmed the better potential clinical practicality of the nomogram in the prediction of LCNEC survival than AJCC staging. A risk classification system was built which could perfectly classify LCNEC patients into high- and low-risk groups(p<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that WBRT did not bring survival benefits, PCI appeared to have survival benefits in LCNEC patients without brain metastases (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The prognostic nomogram developed in this study has certain prognostic value and clinical practicality for LCNEC patients. PCI might be investigated as a means of improving prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mu
- The department of biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Li
- Lung cancer center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Johnson M, Spies J, Scott K, Kato B, Mu X, Rectenwald J, White R, Khaja M, Zuckerman D, Casciani T, Gillespie D. Abstract No. 274 ▪ FEATURED ABSTRACT Predicting the Safety and Effectiveness of Inferior Vena Cava Filters (PRESERVE): Outcomes at 12 Months. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.12.340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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Han B, Chu T, Yu Z, Wang J, Zhao Y, Mu X, Yu X, Shi X, Shi Q, Guan M, Ding C, Geng N. LBA57 Sintilimab plus anlotinib versus platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line therapy in metastatic NSCLC (SUNRISE): An open label, multi-center, randomized, phase II study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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9
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Li J, Chen M, Fan T, Mu X, Gao J, Wang Y, Jing T, Shi C, Niu H, Zhen S, Fu J, Zheng J, Wang G, Tang J, Gou M. Underlying mechanism of accelerated cell death and multiple disease resistance in a maize lethal leaf spot 1 allele. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:3991-4007. [PMID: 35303096 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiple disease resistance (MDR) in maize has attracted increasing attention. However, the interplay between cell death and metabolite changes and their contributions to MDR remains elusive in maize. In this study, we identified a mutant named as lesion mimic 30 (les30) that showed 'suicidal' lesion formation in the absence of disease and had enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen Curvularia lunata. Using map-based cloning, we identified the causal gene encoding pheophorbide a oxidase (PAO), which is known to be involved in chlorophyll degradation and MDR, and is encoded by LETHAL LEAF SPOT1 (LLS1). LLS1 was found to be induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcriptomics analysis showed that genes involved in defense responses and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were mildly activated in leaves of the les30 mutant without lesions, whilst they were strongly activated in leaves with lesions. In addition, in les30 leaves with lesions, there was overaccumulation of defense-associated phytohormones including jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, and of phytoalexins including phenylpropanoids, lignin, and flavonoids, suggesting that their biosynthesis was activated in a lesion-dependent manner. Taken together, our study implies the existence of an interactive amplification loop of interrupted chlorophyll degradation, cell death, expression of defense-related genes, and metabolite changes that results in suicidal lesion formation and MDR, and this has the potential to be exploited by genetic manipulation to improve maize disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Mengyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Tianyuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Teng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Cuilan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongbin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sihan Zhen
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junjie Fu
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guoying Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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10
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Guo S, Arshad A, Yang L, Qin Y, Mu X, Mi G. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Common and Developmental Stage-Specific Genes That Respond to Low Nitrogen in Maize Leaves. Plants 2022; 11:plants11121550. [PMID: 35736701 PMCID: PMC9230787 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A growing leaf can be divided into three sections: division zone, elongation zone, and maturation zone. In previous studies, low nitrogen (LN) inhibited maize growth and development, especially leaf growth; however, the gene expression in response to LN in different regions in leaf were not clear. Here, using hydroponics and a transcriptome approach, we systematically analyzed the molecular responses of those zones and differentially expressed genes (DEG) in response to LN supply. Developmental stage-specific genes (SGs) were highly stage-specific and involved in distinct biological processes. SGs from division (SGs–DZ) and elongation zones (SGs–EZ) were more related to developmentally dependent processes, whereas SGs of the maturation zone (SGs–MZ) were more related to metabolic processes. The common genes (CGs) were overrepresented in carbon and N metabolism, suggesting that rebalancing carbon and N metabolism in maize leaves under LN condition was independent of developmental stage. Coexpression modules (CMs) were also constructed in our experiment and a total of eight CMs were detected. Most of SGs–DZ and SGs–EZ were classified into a set termed CM turquoise, which was mainly enriched in ribosome and DNA replication, whereas several genes from SGs–MZ and CGs were clustered into CM blue, which mainly focused on photosynthesis and carbon metabolism. Finally, a comprehensive coexpression network was extracted from CM blue, and several maize CONSTANS-LIKE(ZmCOL) genes seemed to participate in regulating photosynthesis in maize leaves under LN condition in a developmental stage-specific manner. With this study, we uncovered the LN-responsive CGs and SGs that are important for promoting plant growth and development under insufficient nitrogen supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (S.G.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Adnan Arshad
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- PODA Organization, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Resources and Environmental, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Yusheng Qin
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China; (S.G.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
| | - Guohua Mi
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62734454
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11
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Sun H, Mu X, Zhang K, Lang H, Su Q, Li X, Zhou X, Zhang X, Zheng H. Geographical resistome profiling in the honeybee microbiome reveals resistance gene transfer conferred by mobilizable plasmids. Microbiome 2022; 10:69. [PMID: 35501925 PMCID: PMC9063374 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been of global concern as one of the greatest environmental threats. The gut microbiome of animals has been found to be a large reservoir of ARGs, which is also an indicator of the environmental antibiotic spectrum. The conserved microbiota makes the honeybee a tractable and confined ecosystem for studying the maintenance and transfer of ARGs across gut bacteria. Although it has been found that honeybee gut bacteria harbor diverse sets of ARGs, the influences of environmental variables and the mechanism driving their distribution remain unclear. RESULTS We characterized the gut resistome of two closely related honeybee species, Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, domesticated in 14 geographic locations across China. The composition of the ARGs was more associated with host species rather than with geographical distribution, and A. mellifera had a higher content of ARGs in the gut. There was a moderate geographic pattern of resistome distribution, and several core ARG groups were found to be prevalent among A. cerana samples. These shared genes were mainly carried by the honeybee-specific gut members Gilliamella and Snodgrassella. Transferrable ARGs were frequently detected in honeybee guts, and the load was much higher in A. mellifera samples. Genomic loci of the bee gut symbionts containing a streptomycin resistance gene cluster were nearly identical to those of the broad-host-range IncQ plasmid, a proficient DNA delivery system in the environment. By in vitro conjugation experiments, we confirmed that the mobilizable plasmids could be transferred between honeybee gut symbionts by conjugation. Moreover, "satellite plasmids" with fragmented genes were identified in the integrated regions of different symbionts from multiple areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates that the gut microbiota of different honeybee hosts varied in their antibiotic resistance structure, highlighting the role of the bee microbiome as a potential bioindicator and disseminator of antibiotic resistance. The difference in domestication history is highly influential in the structuring of the bee gut resistome. Notably, the evolution of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance is likely to promote the probability of its persistence and dissemination. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kexun Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haoyu Lang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qinzhi Su
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xingan Li
- Key Laboratory for Bee Genetics and Breeding, Jilin Provincial Institute of Apicultural Sciences, Jilin, 132000, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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12
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Zhang Z, Mu X, Cao Q, Shi Y, Hu X, Zheng H. Honeybee gut Lactobacillus modulates host learning and memory behaviors via regulating tryptophan metabolism. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2037. [PMID: 35440638 PMCID: PMC9018956 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are highly social insects with a rich behavioral repertoire and are a versatile model for neurobiological research. Their gut microbiota comprises a limited number of host-restricted bacterial phylotypes that are important for honeybee health. However, it remains unclear how specific gut members affect honeybee behaviors. Here, we find that antibiotic exposure disturbs the gut community and influences honeybee phenotypes under field conditions. Using laboratory-generated gnotobiotic bees, we show that a normal gut microbiota is required for olfactory learning and memory abilities. Brain transcriptomic profiling reveals distinct brain gene expression patterns between microbiota-free and conventional bees. Subsequent metabolomic analyses of both hemolymph and gut samples show that the microbiota mainly regulates tryptophan metabolism. Our results indicate that host-specific Lactobacillus strains promote memory behavior by transforming tryptophan to indole derivatives that activate the host aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Our findings highlight the contributions of specific gut members to honeybee neurological processes, thus providing a promising model to understand host-microbe interactions. Eusocial honeybee is a versatile model for neurobiological research. Here, the authors established a link between honeybee gut Lactobacillus in bee learning and memory ability via indole derivatives that activate host’s aryl hydrocarbon receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Qina Cao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Shi
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China.
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13
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Wu J, Lang H, Mu X, Zhang Z, Su Q, Hu X, Zheng H. Honey bee genetics shape the strain-level structure of gut microbiota in social transmission. Microbiome 2021; 9:225. [PMID: 34784973 PMCID: PMC8597283 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Honey bee gut microbiota transmitted via social interactions are beneficial to the host health. Although the microbial community is relatively stable, individual variations and high strain-level diversity have been detected across honey bees. Although the bee gut microbiota structure is influenced by environmental factors, the heritability of the gut members and the contribution of the host genetics remains elusive. Considering bees within a colony are not readily genetically identical due to the polyandry of the queen, we hypothesize that the microbiota structure can be shaped by host genetics. RESULTS We used shotgun metagenomics to simultaneously profile the microbiota and host genotypes of bees from hives of four different subspecies. Gut composition is more distant between genetically different bees at both phylotype- and "sequence-discrete population" levels. We then performed a successive passaging experiment within colonies of hybrid bees generated by artificial insemination, which revealed that the microbial composition dramatically shifts across batches of bees during the social transmission. Specifically, different strains from the phylotype of Snodgrassella alvi are preferentially selected by genetically varied hosts, and strains from different hosts show a remarkably biased distribution of single-nucleotide polymorphism in the Type IV pili loci. Genome-wide association analysis identified that the relative abundance of a cluster of Bifidobacterium strains is associated with the host glutamate receptor gene specifically expressed in the bee brain. Finally, mono-colonization of Bifidobacterium with a specific polysaccharide utilization locus impacts the alternative splicing of the gluR-B gene, which is associated with an increased GABA level in the brain. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that host genetics influence the bee gut composition and suggest a gut-brain connection implicated in the gut bacterial strain preference. Honey bees have been used extensively as a model organism for social behaviors, genetics, and the gut microbiome. Further identification of host genetic function as a shaping force of microbial structure will advance our understanding of the host-microbe interactions. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haoyu Lang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zijing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qinzhi Su
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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14
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Su Q, Wang Q, Mu X, Chen H, Meng Y, Zhang X, Zheng L, Hu X, Zhai Y, Zheng H. Strain-level analysis reveals the vertical microbial transmission during the life cycle of bumblebee. Microbiome 2021; 9:216. [PMID: 34732245 PMCID: PMC8567698 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial acquisition and development of the gut microbiota impact the establishment of a healthy host-microbes symbiosis. Compared with other animals, the eusocial bumblebees and honeybees possess a simple, recurring, and similar set of gut microbiota. However, all bee gut phylotypes have high strain-level diversity. Gut communities of different bee species are composed of host-specific groups of strains. The variable genomic regions among strains of the same species often confer critical functional differences, such as carbon source utilization, essential for the natural selection of specific strains. The annual bumblebee colony founded by solitary queens enables tracking the transmission routes of gut bacteria during development stages. RESULTS Here, we first showed the changes in the microbiome of individual bumblebees across their holometabolous life cycle. Some core gut bacteria persist throughout different stages of development. Gut microbiota of newly emerged workers always resembles those of their queens, suggesting a vertical transmission of strains from queens to the newborn workers. We then follow the dynamic changes in the gut community by comparing strain-level metagenomic profiles of queen-worker pairs longitudinally collected across different stages of the nest development. Species composition of both queen and worker shifts with the colony's growth, and the queen-to-worker vertical inheritance of specific strains was identified. Finally, comparative metagenome analysis showed clear host-specificity for microbes across different bee hosts. Species from honeybees often possess a higher level of strain variation, and they also exhibited more complex gene repertoires linked to polysaccharide digestion. Our results demonstrate bacterial transmission events in bumblebee, highlighting the role of social interactions in driving the microbiota composition. CONCLUSIONS By the community-wide metagenomic analysis based on the custom genomic database of bee gut bacteria, we reveal strain transmission events at high resolution and the dynamic changes in community structure along with the colony development. The social annual life cycle of bumblebees is key for the acquisition and development of the gut microbiota. Further studies using the bumblebee model will advance our understanding of the microbiome transmission and the underlying mechanisms, such as strain competition and niche selection. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinzhi Su
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qinglin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Shandong Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yujie Meng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Shandong Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yifan Zhai
- Shandong Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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15
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Cai W, Han J, Hu L, Ma Y, Mu X, Wang W, Xu Y, Hua Z, Wang H, Song YP, Zhang JN, Zou CL, Sun L. High-Efficiency Arbitrary Quantum Operation on a High-Dimensional Quantum System. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:090504. [PMID: 34506165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate quantum systems lies at the heart of the development of quantum technology. The ultimate goal of quantum control is to realize arbitrary quantum operations (AQUOs) for all possible open quantum system dynamics. However, the demanding extra physical resources impose great obstacles. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a universal approach of AQUO on a photonic qudit with the minimum physical resource of a two-level ancilla and a log_{2}d-scale circuit depth for a d-dimensional system. The AQUO is then applied in a quantum trajectory simulation for quantum subspace stabilization and quantum Zeno dynamics, as well as incoherent manipulation and generalized measurements of the qudit. Therefore, the demonstrated AQUO for complete quantum control would play an indispensable role in quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J Han
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Hu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X Mu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Xu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Z Hua
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - H Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Song
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J-N Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - C-L Zou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - L Sun
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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16
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Han J, Cai W, Hu L, Mu X, Ma Y, Xu Y, Wang W, Wang H, Song YP, Zou CL, Sun L. Experimental Simulation of Open Quantum System Dynamics via Trotterization. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 127:020504. [PMID: 34296922 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Digital quantum simulators provide a diversified tool for solving the evolution of quantum systems with complicated Hamiltonians and hold great potential for a wide range of applications. Although much attention is paid to the unitary evolution of closed quantum systems, dissipation and noise are vital in understanding the dynamics of practical quantum systems. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a digital simulation of an open quantum system in a controllable Markovian environment with the assistance of a single ancillary qubit. By Trotterizing the quantum Liouvillians, the continuous evolution of an open quantum system is effectively realized, and its application in error mitigation is demonstrated by adjusting the simulated noise intensities. High-order Trotter for open quantum dynamics is also experimentally investigated and shows higher accuracy. Our results represent a significant step toward hardware-efficient simulation of open quantum systems and error mitigation in quantum algorithms in noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Han
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Cai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Hu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X Mu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Xu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - H Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Song
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - C-L Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - L Sun
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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17
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Mu X, Li J, Dai Z, Xu L, Fan T, Jing T, Chen M, Gou M. Commonly and Specifically Activated Defense Responses in Maize Disease Lesion Mimic Mutants Revealed by Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Analysis. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:638792. [PMID: 34079566 PMCID: PMC8165315 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.638792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Disease lesion mimic (Les/les) mutants display disease-like spontaneous lesions in the absence of pathogen infection, implying the constitutive activation of defense responses. However, the genetic and biochemical bases underlying the activated defense responses in those mutants remain largely unknown. Here, we performed integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis on three typical maize Les mutants Les4, Les10, and Les17 with large, medium, and small lesion size, respectively, thereby dissecting the activated defense responses at the transcriptional and metabolomic level. A total of 1,714, 4,887, and 1,625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in Les4, Les10, and Les17, respectively. Among them, 570, 3,299, and 447 specific differentially expressed genes (SGs) were identified, implying a specific function of each LES gene. In addition, 480 common differentially expressed genes (CGs) and 42 common differentially accumulated metabolites (CMs) were identified in all Les mutants, suggesting the robust activation of shared signaling pathways. Intriguingly, substantial analysis of the CGs indicated that genes involved in the programmed cell death, defense responses, and phenylpropanoid and terpenoid biosynthesis were most commonly activated. Genes involved in photosynthetic biosynthesis, however, were generally repressed. Consistently, the dominant CMs identified were phenylpropanoids and flavonoids. In particular, lignin, the phenylpropanoid-based polymer, was significantly increased in all three mutants. These data collectively imply that transcriptional activation of defense-related gene expression; increase of phenylpropanoid, lignin, flavonoid, and terpenoid biosynthesis; and inhibition of photosynthesis are generalnatures associated with the lesion formation and constitutively activated defense responses in those mutants. Further studies on the identified SGs and CGs will shed new light on the function of each LES gene as well as the regulatory network of defense responses in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang X, Zhong Z, Chen X, Hong Z, Lin W, Mu X, Hu X, Zheng H. High-Fat Diets with Differential Fatty Acids Induce Obesity and Perturb Gut Microbiota in Honey Bee. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020834. [PMID: 33467664 PMCID: PMC7830725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
HFD (high-fat diet) induces obesity and metabolic disorders, which is associated with the alteration in gut microbiota profiles. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the processes are poorly understood. In this study, we used the simple model organism honey bee to explore how different amounts and types of dietary fats affect the host metabolism and the gut microbiota. Excess dietary fat, especially palm oil, elicited higher weight gain, lower survival rates, hyperglycemic, and fat accumulation in honey bees. However, microbiota-free honey bees reared on high-fat diets did not significantly change their phenotypes. Different fatty acid compositions in palm and soybean oil altered the lipid profiles of the honey bee body. Remarkably, dietary fats regulated lipid metabolism and immune-related gene expression at the transcriptional level. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that biological processes, including transcription factors, insulin secretion, and Toll and Imd signaling pathways, were significantly different in the gut of bees on different dietary fats. Moreover, a high-fat diet increased the relative abundance of Gilliamella, while the level of Bartonella was significantly decreased in palm oil groups. This study establishes a novel honey bee model of studying the crosstalk between dietary fat, gut microbiota, and host metabolism.
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Abstract
Nitrogen (N), as a macro-element, plays a vital role in plant growth and development. N deficiency affects plant productivity by decreasing photosynthesis, leaf area and longevity of green leaf. To date, many studies have reported that the relationship between photosynthesis and N supply. Here, we summarized the physiological response of photosynthesis to N deficiency in leaf structure and N allocation within the leaf. In serious N stress, photosynthetic rate decreases for almost all plants. The reasons as follows:(1) reducing stomatal conductance of mesophyll cell (gs) and bundle sheath cells (gbs) which influences intercellular CO2 concentration; (2) reducing the content of bioenergetics and light-harvesting protein which inhibits electron transport rate and increase the light energy dissipated as heat; (3) reducing the content and/or activity of photosynthetic enzymes which reduces carboxylation rate. During reproductive stage, N stress induces plant senescence and N components degradation, especially photosynthetic enzymes and thylakoid N, and thus reduces photosynthesis. To keep high grain yield in low N deficiency, we should choose the genotype with higher N allocation within bioenergetics and lower degradation of photosynthetic enzymes. This review provides a generalized N allocation in response to N stress and gives a new prospect for breeding N-efficient genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Mu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China.
| | - Yanling Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, PR China.
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20
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Tian Y, Wang G, Wang J, Mu X, Chen H, Song X, Bai X. Novel compound heterozygous mutation in WEE2 is associated with fertilization failure: case report of an infertile woman and literature review. BMC Womens Health 2020; 20:246. [PMID: 33148236 PMCID: PMC7643268 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fertilization failure after intracytoplasmic sperm injection continues to affect couples and the etiology is not well-understood. CASE PRESENTATION We characterized a couple with 2-year history of primary unexplained infertility. Three different assisted reproduction attempts (IVF + rescue ICSI, ICSI and ICSI-AOA) showed repeated fertilization failure for MII oocyte retrieval after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. After whole-exome sequencing and sanger sequencing of the couple and their family members, variant pathogenicity was assessed using SIFT, PolyPhen2, Mutation Taster, and Human Splicing Finder software. We identified novel compound heterozygous mutations, c.1535 + 3A > G and c.946C > T (p. Leu316Phe), in WEE2 in the female proband. Trios analysis of the variations revealed an autosomal recessive pattern. c.1535 + 3A > G in WEE2 was predicted to break the wild-type donor site and affect splicing, and the missense mutation c.946C > T (p. Leu316Phe) of WEE2 was predicted to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION A novel compound heterozygous mutation in WEE2 was identified in an infertile female who experienced repeated fertilization failure even after ICSI-AOA. These novel mutations in WEE2 provided genetic evidence for fertilization failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Guojie Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Haixia Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xueru Song
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaohong Bai
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154, Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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21
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Ma Y, Pan X, Cai W, Mu X, Xu Y, Hu L, Wang W, Wang H, Song YP, Yang ZB, Zheng SB, Sun L. Manipulating Complex Hybrid Entanglement and Testing Multipartite Bell Inequalities in a Superconducting Circuit. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:180503. [PMID: 33196232 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum correlations in observables of multiple systems not only are of fundamental interest, but also play a key role in quantum information processing. As a signature of these correlations, the violation of Bell inequalities has not been demonstrated with multipartite hybrid entanglement involving both continuous and discrete variables. Here we create a five-partite entangled state with three superconducting transmon qubits and two photonic qubits, each encoded in the mesoscopic field of a microwave cavity. We reveal the quantum correlations among these distinct elements by joint Wigner tomography of the two cavity fields conditional on the detection of the qubits and by test of a five-partite Bell inequality. The measured Bell signal is 8.381±0.038, surpassing the bound of 8 for a four-partite entanglement imposed by quantum correlations by 10 standard deviations, demonstrating the genuine five-partite entanglement in a hybrid quantum system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X Pan
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Cai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X Mu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Xu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Hu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - H Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Song
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shi-Biao Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - L Sun
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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22
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Chen JY, Wang FB, Xu H, Xu LF, Chen D, Liu WH, Mu X, Wen YQ. High glucose promotes prostate cancer cells apoptosis via Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 23:192-200. [PMID: 31389609 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201908_18647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the influences of high glucose on the proliferation and apoptosis of prostate cancer cells and analyze its possible mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP was divided into control group, mannitol group, and high glucose group. Then, the proliferation in each group was detected via methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Hoechst staining assay was performed to determine the apoptosis level in each group. Western blotting was employed to measure the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) proteins. The cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured through 2,7-dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to detect the content of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory factors. RESULTS High glucose significantly promoted the proliferation of prostate cancer cells LNCaP (p<0.01) and increased the apoptosis level of cells (p<0.01). In high glucose group, the expression level of Caspase-3 protein was overtly increased (p<0.01), while that of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) was significantly decreased (p<0.01). High glucose group had clearly increased the content of ROS (p<0.01), LDH (p<0.01), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p<0.01), but decreased the content of IL-10 (p<0.01). High glucose notably lowered the protein expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and γ-GCS in the cells (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS High glucose represses the activation of the Nrf2/anti-oxidation response element (ARE) signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells and increases the content of ROS, IL-6, and the expression of apoptotic proteins in the cells, thus promoting the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China.
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23
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Wu X, Zhu J, Wang J, Lin Z, Kong B, Yin R, Sun W, Zhou Q, Zhang S, Wang D, Shi H, Gao Y, Huang Y, Li G, Wang X, Cheng Y, Lou G, Li L, Mu X, Li M. 820P Phase II study of pamiparib in Chinese patients (pts) with advanced ovarian cancer (aOC). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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24
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Zhang JY, Li YN, Mu X, Pan ZL, Liu WB. Targeted regulation of miR-195 on MAP2K1 for suppressing ADM drug resistance in prostate cancer cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:7911. [PMID: 32767305 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202008_22445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Since this article has been suspected of research misconduct and the corresponding authors did not respond to our request to prove originality of data and figures, "Targeted regulation of miR-195 on MAP2K1 for suppressing ADM drug resistance in prostate cancer cells, by J.-Y. Zhang, Y.-N. Li, X. Mu, Z.-L. Pan, W.-B. Liu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22 (24): 8599-8608-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201812_16623-PMID: 30575899" has been withdrawn. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/16623.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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25
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Xu Y, Ma Y, Cai W, Mu X, Dai W, Wang W, Hu L, Li X, Han J, Wang H, Song YP, Yang ZB, Zheng SB, Sun L. Demonstration of Controlled-Phase Gates between Two Error-Correctable Photonic Qubits. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:120501. [PMID: 32281851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.120501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To realize fault-tolerant quantum computing, it is necessary to store quantum information in logical qubits with error correction functions, realized by distributing a logical state among multiple physical qubits or by encoding it in the Hilbert space of a high-dimensional system. Quantum gate operations between these error-correctable logical qubits, which are essential for implementation of any practical quantum computational task, have not been experimentally demonstrated yet. Here we demonstrate a geometric method for realizing controlled-phase gates between two logical qubits encoded in photonic fields stored in cavities. The gates are realized by dispersively coupling an ancillary superconducting qubit to these cavities and driving it to make a cyclic evolution depending on the joint photonic state of the cavities, which produces a conditional geometric phase. We first realize phase gates for photonic qubits with the logical basis states encoded in two quasiorthogonal coherent states, which have important implications for continuous-variable-based quantum computation. Then we use this geometric method to implement a controlled-phase gate between two binomially encoded logical qubits, which have an error-correctable function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Cai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X Mu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Dai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Hu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X Li
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J Han
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - H Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Song
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Shi-Biao Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optics, College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - L Sun
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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26
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Zhang JY, Li YN, Mu X, Pan ZL, Liu WB. Targeted regulation of miR-195 on MAP2K1 for suppressing ADM drug resistance in prostate cancer cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 22:8599-8608. [PMID: 30575899 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201812_16623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Extra-cellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) signaling pathway participates in cell proliferation, cycle and apoptosis. MAPK kinase 1 (MAP2K1) activates the ERK/MAPK pathway. The down-regulation of miR-195 is correlated with the onset and drug resistance of prostate cancer. Bioinformatics analysis identified complementary binding sites between miR-195 and MAP2K1. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-195 on the proliferation, apoptosis and adriamycin (ADM) resistance of prostate cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dual-Luciferase reporter gene assay confirmed targeted regulation between miR-195 and MAP2K1. ADM resistant cell line DU145/ADM and PC-3/ADM were generated for comparing the miR-195 and MAP2K1 expression. Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity was quantified. Cultured cells were treated with miR-195 mimic, followed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used for MAP2K1 expression. Western blot measured MAP2K1, ERK1/2 and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) expression, and flow cytometry quantified cell apoptosis, followed by EdU staining for cell proliferation. RESULTS Targeted regulation existed between miR-195 and MAP2K1 mRNA. Drug-resistant cells had lower miR-195 than parental cells, whilst MAP2K1 expression was higher. Under ADM treatment with IC50 concentration, drug resistant cells showed lower apoptosis. The transfection of miR-195 decreased MAP2K1 expression and p-ERK1/2, elevated cell apoptosis and suppressed EdU positive rate or cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of miR-195 is correlated with ADM resistance of prostate cancer cells. The over-expression of miR-195 weakens cancer cell proliferation, facilitates cell apoptosis and decreases ADM resistance via targeted inhibition on MAP2K1 expression and ERK/MAPK signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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27
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Chen L, Mu X, Wu H, Zhao Y. Association between TP53 mutations and efficacy of Osimertinib for brain metastasis from EGFR-mutant lung cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz243.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Hayashi H, Abe Y, Kuriyama T, Mu X, Hamaguchi T, Inoko M. P924Prognostic significance of moderate primary mitral regurgitation and atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Severe primary mitral regurgitation [degenerativeMR (DMR)] is associated with poor outcome, including cardiac death and admission due to worsening heart failure. Whereas little information is available regarding the characteristics of moderate DMR and their impact on prognostic outcome.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognosis and its determinant in patients with moderate DMR.
Methods
From 13,700 consecutive patients who underwent transthoracic echocardiography. We selected moderate DMR but without other underlying cardiac diseases. Characteristics and event free rate as compared with age- and gender-matched patients with none to mild MR.
Results
Of a total of our cohort, 185 (1%) patients had moderate DMR, and we compared with 185 age- and gender-matched patients with none to mild MR. During the follow-up period of 1372±655 days, 30 patients (8%) met the composite endpoint defined as cardiac death and admission due to worsening heart failure. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed patients with moderate DMR was significantly associated with a poor outcome compared to patients with none to mild MR (log-ranktest P<0.0001). Cox proportional hazard ratio revealed thatmoderate MR and atrial fibrillation (AF) were the independent predictors of the composite endpoint.
Prgnostic outcome: AF and moderate DMR
Conclusions
Patients withmoderate DMR and concomitant AF had a significant poor outcome. An activesurveillance and some intervention for AF and moderate MR may be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hayashi
- Kitano Hospital, Cardiology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Abe
- Osaka City General Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Kuriyama
- Kitano Hospital, Cardiology, Osaka, Japan
| | - X Mu
- Kitano Hospital, Cardiology, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - M Inoko
- Kitano Hospital, Cardiology, Osaka, Japan
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Yan H, Zhao Z, Jingjing W, Chai J, Hui G, He L, He J, Mu X, Peng X. How Many Cycles of Induction Chemotherapy Is Optimal Choice for Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma? Data from a Real-World Clinical Practice. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Di N, Cheng W, Chen H, Zhai F, Liu Y, Mu X, Chu Z, Lu N, Liu X, Wang B. Utility of arterial spin labelling MRI for discriminating atypical high-grade glioma from primary central nervous system lymphoma. Clin Radiol 2018; 74:165.e1-165.e9. [PMID: 30415766 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the ability of arterial spin labelling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differentiating primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) from atypical high-grade glioma (HGG), as well as exploring the underlying pathological mechanisms. METHODS AND MATERIALS Twenty-three patients with PCNSL and 17 patients with atypical HGG who underwent ASL-MRI were identified retrospectively. Absolute cerebral blood flow (aCBF) and normalised cerebral blood flow (nCBF) values were obtained, and were compared between PCNSL and atypical HGG using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The performance in discriminating between PCNSL and atypical HGG was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristics analysis and area-under-the-curve (AUC) values for aCBF and nCBF. The correlation between microvessel density (MVD) and aCBF was determined by Spearman's correlation analysis. RESULTS Atypical HGG demonstrated significantly higher aCBF, nCBF, and MVD values than PCNSL (p<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of discriminating PCNSL from atypical HGG showed AUC=0.877 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.735-0.959) for aCBF, and AUC=0.836 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.685-0.934) for nCBF. There was a moderate positive correlation between aCBF values of region of interest (ROI >30 mm2) in the enhanced area and MVD values (rho=0.579, p=0.0001), and a strong positive correlation between aCBF values MVD based on "point-to-point biopsy" (rho=0.83, p=0.0029). Interobserver agreements for aCBF and nCBF were excellent (ICC >0.75). CONCLUSIONS ASL perfusion MRI is a useful imaging technique for the discrimination between atypical HGG and PCNSL, which may be determined by the difference of MVD between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Di
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe 2nd Rd, 256603 Binzhou, China; Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Rd. Middle, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - W Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe 2nd Rd, 256603 Binzhou, China
| | - H Chen
- Department of Radiology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, 1055 Weizhou Rd, 261000 Weifang, China
| | - F Zhai
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe 2nd Rd, 256603 Binzhou, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe 2nd Rd, 256603 Binzhou, China
| | - X Mu
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe 2nd Rd, 256603 Binzhou, China
| | - Z Chu
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe 2nd Rd, 256603 Binzhou, China
| | - N Lu
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Rd. Middle, 200040 Shanghai, China
| | - X Liu
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, 661 Huanghe 2nd Rd, 256603 Binzhou, China.
| | - B Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear, Binzhou Medical University, 346 Guanhai Rd, 264000 Yantai, China.
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Xu Y, Zhang L, Fang J, Wang Z, li J, Li L, Ai B, Nie L, Mu X, Liang L, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Song Y, Song X, Wang Y, Xin T, Jin B, Wang X, Ding C, Wang M. Establishment of a prospective multicenter cohort for advanced non-small cell lung cancer in China (CAPTRA-Lung study). Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy425.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Chen L, Zhao Y, Hu X, Wu H, Liu J, Mu X. Over-expression of S100B protein as a serum marker of brain metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer and its prognostic value. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy269.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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33
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Xu Y, Cai W, Ma Y, Mu X, Hu L, Chen T, Wang H, Song YP, Xue ZY, Yin ZQ, Sun L. Single-Loop Realization of Arbitrary Nonadiabatic Holonomic Single-Qubit Quantum Gates in a Superconducting Circuit. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:110501. [PMID: 30265093 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.110501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Geometric phases are noise resilient, and thus provide a robust way towards high-fidelity quantum manipulation. Here we experimentally demonstrate arbitrary nonadiabatic holonomic single-qubit quantum gates for both a superconducting transmon qubit and a microwave cavity in a single-loop way. In both cases, an auxiliary state is utilized, and two resonant microwave drives are simultaneously applied with well-controlled but varying amplitudes and phases for the arbitrariness of the gate. The resulting gates on the transmon qubit achieve a fidelity of 0.996 characterized by randomized benchmarking and the ones on the cavity show an averaged fidelity of 0.978 based on a full quantum process tomography. In principle, a nontrivial two-qubit holonomic gate between the qubit and the cavity can also be realized based on our presented experimental scheme. Our experiment thus paves the way towards practical nonadiabatic holonomic quantum manipulation with both qubits and cavities in a superconducting circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Cai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X Mu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Hu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - H Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Song
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, and School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhang-Qi Yin
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Sun
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Li Q, Mu X, Xiao S, Wang C, Chen Y, Yuan X. Porous aromatic networks with amine linkers for adsorption of hydroxylated aromatic hydrocarbons. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q. Li
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 China
| | - X. Mu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 China
| | - S. Xiao
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 China
| | - C. Wang
- College of Material Science & Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 400045 China
| | - Y. Chen
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 China
| | - X. Yuan
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University; Chongqing 401331 China
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Mu X, Chen Q, Chen F, Yuan L, Mi G. Dynamic remobilization of leaf nitrogen components in relation to photosynthetic rate during grain filling in maize. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 129:27-34. [PMID: 29787936 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Remobilization of leaf nitrogen (N) contributes greatly to grain N in maize, but leads to low photosynthetic rate (Pn). Pn is determined by various N components involving in light harvest and CO2 reduction. However, it is less clear which N component is the major contributor for the reduction of photosynthesis in modern stay-green maize hybrids. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between remobilization of different N components and Pn during grain filling stage under low N (no N application) and high N (180 kg N ha-1) in a field experiment. The remobilization efficiency of photosynthetic enzymes (PEPc, PPDK and Rubisco) in the leaf was much higher than that of thylakoid N and other N components. Low N supply increased the remobilization efficiency of all the leaf N components. During grain filling stage, the amount of all the N components decreased together with Pn. The ratio of Pn to the N in the PEPc, PPDK and Rubisco kept increase in the whole grain filling stage, while the ratio of Pn to chlorophyll and thylakoid-N decreased. Correlation analysis indicated that Pn was more related to the content of photosynthetic enzymes than to chlorophyll and thylakoid N. It is concluded that photosynthetic enzymes serve as an N storage reservoir at early grain filling stage and their degradation is critical in the reduction of Pn during later grain filling stage. Future breeding targets may be focused on enhancing the efficiency of photosynthetic enzymes during late grain filling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Mu
- Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Qinwu Chen
- Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Fanjun Chen
- Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Guohua Mi
- Key Lab of Plant-Soil Interaction, MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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Zhang K, Li N, Chen Z, Shao K, Zhou F, Zhang C, Mu X, Wan J, Li B, Feng X, Shi S, Xiong M, Cao K, Wang X, Huang C, He J. High Expression of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells in Chinese Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tissues. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 22:221-5. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080702200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) has been reported to be involved in the development of various types of cancer including adenocarcinoma of the breast. This research was the first to investigate NFAT protein expression in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues from Chinese patients. Methods NFAT protein expression was determined in 130 surgically resected primary NSCLC and matched normal tissues by immunohistochemical analysis. The association between NFAT expression and clinical categorical variables was further analyzed with the SPSS software. Results We found that NFAT expression was much higher in 85 tumor tissues (65.4%) and lower in 45 tumor tissues (34.6%) compared with the matched normal tissues. Further statistical analysis by the chi-square test showed that high expression of NFAT proteins was significantly associated with tumor differentiation (p=0.045), invasion (p=0.031), histology (p<0.0001), tumor size (p=0.038) and cigarette smoking history (p=0.024). However, there was no correlation between the expression of NFAT proteins and pTNM classification, and no difference in 5-year survival rate between patients with high or low expression of NFAT proteins. Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the correlation between NFAT protein expression levels and various characteristics showed a significant association with histology (p=0.008, OR=0.273). Conclusion Our results revealed that high NFAT expression was present in Chinese NSCLCs and that NFAT expression might be involved in the process of human lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai
- These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - N. Li
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
- These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Z. Chen
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - K. Shao
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - F. Zhou
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - C. Zhang
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - X. Mu
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - J. Wan
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - B. Li
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - X. Feng
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing - China
| | - S. Shi
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing - China
| | - M. Xiong
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
| | - K. Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - X. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - C. Huang
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY - USA
| | - J. He
- Laboratory of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital/Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing
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Mu X, Chen Q, Chen F, Yuan L, Mi G. A RNA-Seq Analysis of the Response of Photosynthetic System to Low Nitrogen Supply in Maize Leaf. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122624. [PMID: 29206208 PMCID: PMC5751227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is a major limiting factor for crop productivity. The relationship between photosynthesis and nitrogen nutrition has been widely studied. However, the molecular response of leaf photosynthesis to low nitrogen supply in crops is less clear. In this study, RNA sequencing technology (RNA-Seq) was used to investigate the gene expressions related to photosynthesis in maize in response to low nitrogen supply. It was found that low nitrogen supply down-regulated the expression of genes involved in photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Thus, low nitrogen supply down-regulated the expression of genes related to the antenna system, reduced light absorption, light transport, and electron transport. Correspondingly, the parameters related to chlorophyll fluorescence were very sensitive to nitrogen deficiency. Under low nitrogen supply, leaf chlorophyll content, actual quantum yield of PSII photochemistry, photochemical quenching, and electron transport rate, were reduced. However, the thermal diffusion and chlorophyll fluorescence were increased. RNA-Seq was used to analyze the genes involved in the response of leaf photosynthesis to low nitrogen supply in maize. These results highlight the possibility of utilizing chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and the related genes, as indicators for plant nitrogen nutrition. This could lead to the development of new tools to make precise nitrogen fertilizer recommendations and select nitrogen-efficient genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Mu
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qinwu Chen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fanjun Chen
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lixing Yuan
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Guohua Mi
- Department of Plant Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhou Y, Zhou J, Wang D, Gao Q, Mu X, Gao S, Liu X. Evaluation of ompA and pgtE genes in determining pathogenicity in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis. Vet J 2016; 218:19-26. [PMID: 27938704 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a major causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans. This important food-borne pathogen also colonises the intestinal tracts of poultry and can spread systemically, especially in chickens. To identify the S. Enteritidis virulence genes involved in infection and colonisation of chickens, chromosomal deletion mutants of the ompA and pgtE genes, which encode essential components of omptins, were constructed. There were no significant differences between the wild-type and ompA and pgtE mutants in a series of in vitro assays, including an intracellular survival assay, survival in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken serum, and in vitro competition assays. In contrast, in vivo competition assays revealed that ompA and pgtE mutants underwent attenuated growth in liver, cardiac blood, spleen, lung, and kidney compared to a wild-type strain (CVCC3378). When tested in SPF chickens, ompA or pgtE gene inactivation substantially reduced organ colonisation and delayed systemic infection compared with the wild-type strain. Colonisation was restored in S. Enteritidis mutants by reintroduction of the whole ompA or pgtE gene with the native promoters. The results of this study demonstrate that ompA and pgtE play an important role in the pathogenesis of S. Enteritidis and its ability to infect chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - J Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - D Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Q Gao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - X Mu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - S Gao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - X Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Abstract
The ability to distinguish between self and nonself is the fundamental basis of the immune system in all organisms. The conceptual distinction between self and nonself, however, breaks down when it comes to endogenous retroviruses and other retroelements. While some retroelements retain the virus-like features including the capacity to replicate and reinvade the host genome, most have become inactive through mutations or host epigenetic silencing. And yet, accumulating evidence suggests that endogenous retroelements, both active and inactive, play important roles not only in pathogenesis of immune disorders, but also in proper functioning of the immune system. This review discusses the recent development in our understanding of the interaction between retroelements and the host innate immune system. In particular, it focuses on the impact of retroelement transcripts on the viral RNA sensors such as Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, protein kinase R, and the inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Ahmad
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - S Hur
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.
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Mu X, Kobler A, Wang D, Chakravadhanula VSK, Schlabach S, Szabó DV, Norby P, Kübel C. Comprehensive analysis of TEM methods for LiFePO 4/FePO 4 phase mapping: spectroscopic techniques (EFTEM, STEM-EELS) and STEM diffraction techniques (ACOM-TEM). Ultramicroscopy 2016; 170:10-18. [PMID: 27475893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been used intensively in investigating battery materials, e.g. to obtain phase maps of partially (dis)charged (lithium) iron phosphate (LFP/FP), which is one of the most promising cathode material for next generation lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. Due to the weak interaction between Li atoms and fast electrons, mapping of the Li distribution is not straightforward. In this work, we revisited the issue of TEM measurements of Li distribution maps for LFP/FP. Different TEM techniques, including spectroscopic techniques (energy filtered (EF)TEM in the energy range from low-loss to core-loss) and a STEM diffraction technique (automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM)), were applied to map the lithiation of the same location in the same sample. This enabled a direct comparison of the results. The maps obtained by all methods showed excellent agreement with each other. Because of the strong difference in the imaging mechanisms, it proves the reliability of both the spectroscopic and STEM diffraction phase mapping. A comprehensive comparison of all methods is given in terms of information content, dose level, acquisition time and signal quality. The latter three are crucial for the design of in-situ experiments with beam sensitive Li-ion battery materials. Furthermore, we demonstrated the power of STEM diffraction (ACOM-STEM) providing additional crystallographic information, which can be analyzed to gain a deeper understanding of the LFP/FP interface properties such as statistical information on phase boundary orientation and misorientation between domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mu
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - A Kobler
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - D Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - V S K Chakravadhanula
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - S Schlabach
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - D V Szabó
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - P Norby
- Danmarks Tekniske Universitet (DTU), 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - C Kübel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; Helmholtz-Institute Ulm for Electrochemical Energy Storage (HIU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 89081 Ulm, Germany; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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Huard J, Mu X, Lu A. Evolving paradigms in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:142-6. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Huard
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston Texas USA
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute; Vail Colorado USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine; Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research; Houston Texas USA
| | - X Mu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston Texas USA
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute; Vail Colorado USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine; Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research; Houston Texas USA
| | - A Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, McGovern Medical School; University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston; Houston Texas USA
- Steadman Philippon Research Institute; Vail Colorado USA
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine; Center for Tissue Engineering and Aging Research; Houston Texas USA
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Mu X, Chen Q, Chen F, Yuan L, Mi G. Within-Leaf Nitrogen Allocation in Adaptation to Low Nitrogen Supply in Maize during Grain-Filling Stage. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:699. [PMID: 27252716 PMCID: PMC4877366 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in photosynthesis and crop productivity. Maize plants may be able to increase physiological N utilization efficiency (NUtE) under low-N stress by increasing photosynthetic rate (P n) per unit leaf N, that is, photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE). In this study, we analyzed the relationship between PNUE and N allocation in maize ear-leaves during the grain-filling stage under low N (no N application) and high N (180 kg N ha(-1)) in a 2-year field experiment. Under low N, grain yield decreased while NUtE increased. Low-N treatment reduced the specific N content of ear leaves by 38% without significant influencing P n, thereby increasing PNUE by 54%. Under low-N stress, maize plants tended to invest relatively more N into bioenergetics to sustain electron transport. In contrast, N allocated to chlorophyll and light-harvesting proteins was reduced to control excess electron production. Soluble proteins were reduced to shrink the N storage reservoir. We conclude that optimization of N allocation within leaves is a key adaptive mechanism to maximize P n and crop productivity when N is limited during the grain-filling stage in maize under low-N conditions.
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Wang W, He W, Mu X, Zhou J, Ni Y, Zhao Y, Wang X, Wang Q, Cheng T, Liu B, Yuan W. Rictor is pivotal for the emergence and function of embryonic hematopoietic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.06.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Quan LL, Wang H, Tian Y, Mu X, Zhang Y, Tao K. Association of fat-mass and obesity-associated gene FTO rs9939609 polymorphism with the risk of obesity among children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:614-623. [PMID: 25753879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the association of fat-mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 polymorphism with obesity among children and adolescents. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Springer, and Google scholar to identify eligible studies. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for four models: co-dominant model (AA vs. TT, AT vs. TT), dominant model (AA + AT vs. TT), recessive model (AA vs. AT + TT), and allelic model (A vs. T). Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity (Caucasian, others) and participants (children, children and adolescents) were assessed under allelic model. The heterogeneity and publication bias were examined. RESULTS This meta-analysis included 12 eligible studies consisting 5,000 cases and 9,853 controls. The results revealed that FTO rs9939609 polymorphism was significantly associated with the increased risk of obesity in co-dominant model (AA vs. TT: OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.47-2.48, p < 0.01; AT vs. TT: OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.02-1.38, p = 0.03), dominant model (AA + AT vs. TT: OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.35-1.59, p < 0.01), recessive model (AA vs. AT + TT: OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.47-2.17, p < 0.01), and allelic model (A vs. T: OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.22-1.58, p < 0.01). Similar results were obtained for the subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity and participants under allelic model. CONCLUSIONS FTO rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with the increased risk of obesity among children and adolescents, especially the homozygous carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-L Quan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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He J, Mu X, Guo Z, Hao H, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Wang Q. A novel microbead-based microfluidic device for rapid bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 33:2223-30. [PMID: 24996540 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-014-2182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Effective treatment of infectious diseases depends on the ability to rapidly identify the infecting bacteria and the use of sensitive antibiotics. The currently used identification assays usually take more than 72 h to perform and have a low sensitivity. Herein, we present a microbead-based microfluidic platform that is highly sensitive and rapid for bacterial detection and antibiotic sensitivity testing. The platform includes four units, one of which is used for bacterial identification and the other three are used for susceptibility testing. Our results showed that Escherichia coli O157 at a cell density range of 10(1)-10(5) CFU/μL could be detected within 30 min. Additionally, the effects of three antibiotics on E. coli O157 were evaluated within 4-8 h. Overall, this integrated microbead-based microdevice provides a sensitive, rapid, reliable, and highly effective platform for the identification of bacteria, as well as antibiotic sensitivity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, China,
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Ter-Gabrielyan N, Fromzel V, Mu X, Meissner H, Dubinskii M. Resonantly pumped single-mode channel waveguide Er:YAG laser with nearly quantum defect limited efficiency. Opt Lett 2013; 38:2431-2433. [PMID: 23939071 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.002431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the continuous-wave operation of a resonantly pumped Er:YAG single-mode channel waveguide laser with diffraction-limited output and nearly quantum defect limited efficiency. Using a longitudinally core-pumped, nearly square (61.2 μm×61.6 μm) Er3+:YAG waveguide embedded in an undoped YAG cladding, an output power of 9.1 W with a slope efficiency of 92.8% (versus absorbed pump power) has been obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this optical-to-optical efficiency is the highest ever demonstrated for a channel waveguide laser.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ter-Gabrielyan
- US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, USA. nikolay.e.ter‑
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Abstract
Polymorphisms of estrogen receptor (ER) genes have been implicated in male infertility, but studies of this association have produced conflicting results. The present study was conducted to examine whether polymorphisms within the ERα and ERβ genes are susceptibility factors for human male idiopathic infertility in Chinese men. We investigated the association between the ERα gene gene and PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms and the ERβ gene and RsaI and AluI polymorphisms and idiopathic male infertility in Han Chinese men. A total of 204 men with oligozoospermia (sperm count <20 x 10(6)/mL) or azoospermia and 252 fertile control men were included in this study. The analysis revealed a strong association between the XbaI genotype distribution and impaired spermatogenesis (P = 0.0018). The frequency of the G allele was significantly lower in patients than in controls (P = 0.003). Furthermore, serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in XbaI AA carriers were significantly higher than those in AG or GG carriers. Our findings further support a possible role of ERα in male infertility. Further studies are needed to replicate our findings, as well as to elucidate more fully the biological mechanisms of the modulation of ERα on human spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meng
- School of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan, Luochuan, China
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48
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Abstract
Triptolide(CAS 38748-32-2), a major active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TWHF), is known to have multiple pharmacological activities. However, studies have also shown that triptolide is highly disrupt to the reproductive system by disrupting normal steroid hormone signaling. In the present study, we investigated the effect of triptolide (5, 10, or 20 nM for 24 h) on progesterone production by rat granulosa cells. Triptolide inhibited both basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)- and 8-bromo-cAMP-stimulated progesterone production as revealed by RIA assay. Furthermore, the HCG-evoked increase in cellular cAMP content was also inhibited by triptolide, indicating that disruption of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway may mediate the deleterious effects of triptolide on progesterone regulation. In addition, triptolide inhibited 25-OH-cholesterol-stimulated progesterone production, suggesting that activity of the P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc) enzyme was also be inhibited by triptolide. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays further revealed that triptolide decreased mRNA and protein expression of P450scc and the steroidogenic regulatory (StAR) protein in granulosa cells. In contrast, cell viability tests using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) indicated that triptolide did not cause measurable cell death at doses that suppressed steroidogenesis. The reproductive toxicity of triptolide may be caused by disruption of cAMP/PKA-mediated expression of a number of progesterone synthesis enzymes or regulatory proteins, leading to reduced progesterone synthesis and reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Jiangsu Center of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Pridgeon JW, Mu X, Klesius PH. Expression profiles of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptides in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection. J Fish Dis 2012; 35:227-237. [PMID: 22324346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01343.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR), the relative transcriptional levels of seven channel catfish antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (NK-lysin type 1, NK-lysin type 2, NK-lysin type 3, bactericidal permeability-increasing protein, cathepsin D, hepcidin and liver-expressed AMP 2) in response to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection were determined. None of the AMP genes tested was significantly upregulated at 2 h post-infection. Hepcidin was the only one that was significantly (P<0.05) upregulated at 4, 6 and 12 h post-infection. At 24 and 48 h post-infection, four AMPs (hepcidin, NK-lysin type 1, NK-lysin type 3 and cathepsin D) were significantly (P<0.05) upregulated. Among all the AMPs that were significantly upregulated at different time points, hepcidin at 4, 6 and 12 h post-infection was upregulated the most. When catfish were injected with different doses of E. ictaluri, all lethal doses were able to induce significant (P <0.05) upregulation of hepcidin in the posterior kidney, whereas sublethal doses failed to induce any significant upregulation of hepcidin. In vitro growth studies revealed that the presence of synthetic hepcidin peptide at a concentration of 16 μm or higher significantly inhibited the cell proliferation of E. ictaluri. Taken together, our results suggest that hepcidin might play an important role in the channel catfish defence against E. ictaluri infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Pridgeon
- Aquatic Animal Health Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Auburn, AL 36832, USA.
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Kershaw S, Crasquin S, Li Y, Collin PY, Forel MB, Mu X, Baud A, Wang Y, Xie S, Maurer F, Guo L. Microbialites and global environmental change across the Permian-Triassic boundary: a synthesis. Geobiology 2012; 10:25-47. [PMID: 22077322 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Permian-Triassic boundary microbialites (PTBMs) are thin (0.05-15 m) carbonates formed after the end-Permian mass extinction. They comprise Renalcis-group calcimicrobes, microbially mediated micrite, presumed inorganic micrite, calcite cement (some may be microbially influenced) and shelly faunas. PTBMs are abundant in low-latitude shallow-marine carbonate shelves in central Tethyan continents but are rare in higher latitudes, likely inhibited by clastic supply on Pangaea margins. PTBMs occupied broadly similar environments to Late Permian reefs in Tethys, but extended into deeper waters. Late Permian reefs are also rich in microbes (and cements), so post-extinction seawater carbonate saturation was likely similar to the Late Permian. However, PTBMs lack widespread abundant inorganic carbonate cement fans, so a previous interpretation that anoxic bicarbonate-rich water upwelled to rapidly increase carbonate saturation of shallow seawater, post-extinction, is problematic. Preliminary pyrite framboid evidence shows anoxia in PTBM facies, but interbedded shelly faunas indicate oxygenated water, perhaps there was short-term pulsing of normally saturated anoxic water from the oxygen-minimum zone to surface waters. In Tethys, PTBMs show geographic variations: (i) in south China, PTBMs are mostly thrombolites in open shelf settings, largely recrystallised, with remnant structure of Renalcis-group calcimicrobes; (ii) in south Turkey, in shallow waters, stromatolites and thrombolites, lacking calcimicrobes, are interbedded, likely depth-controlled; and (iii) in the Middle East, especially Iran, stromatolites and thrombolites (calcimicrobes uncommon) occur in different sites on open shelves, where controls are unclear. Thus, PTBMs were under more complex control than previously portrayed, with local facies control playing a significant role in their structure and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kershaw
- Institute for the Environment, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK.
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