1
|
KC S, Nguyen K, Nicholson V, Walgren A, Trent T, Gollub E, Romero S, Holehouse AS, Sukenik S, Boothby TC. Disordered proteins interact with the chemical environment to tune their protective function during drying. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.28.582506. [PMID: 38464187 PMCID: PMC10925285 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.28.582506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The conformational ensemble and function of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are sensitive to their solution environment. The inherent malleability of disordered proteins combined with the exposure of their residues accounts for this sensitivity. One context in which IDPs play important roles that is concomitant with massive changes to the intracellular environment is during desiccation (extreme drying). The ability of organisms to survive desiccation has long been linked to the accumulation of high levels of cosolutes such as trehalose or sucrose as well as the enrichment of IDPs, such as late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins or cytoplasmic abundant heat soluble (CAHS) proteins. Despite knowing that IDPs play important roles and are co-enriched alongside endogenous, species-specific cosolutes during desiccation, little is known mechanistically about how IDP-cosolute interactions influence desiccation tolerance. Here, we test the notion that the protective function of desiccation-related IDPs is enhanced through conformational changes induced by endogenous cosolutes. We find that desiccation-related IDPs derived from four different organisms spanning two LEA protein families and the CAHS protein family, synergize best with endogenous cosolutes during drying to promote desiccation protection. Yet the structural parameters of protective IDPs do not correlate with synergy for either CAHS or LEA proteins. We further demonstrate that for CAHS, but not LEA proteins, synergy is related to self-assembly and the formation of a gel. Our results demonstrate that functional synergy between IDPs and endogenous cosolutes is a convergent desiccation protection strategy seen among different IDP families and organisms, yet, the mechanisms underlying this synergy differ between IDP families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha KC
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology. Laramie, WY
| | - Kenny Nguyen
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology. Laramie, WY
| | | | - Annie Walgren
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology. Laramie, WY
| | - Tony Trent
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology. Laramie, WY
| | - Edith Gollub
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Sofia Romero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Alex S. Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shahar Sukenik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Paresishvili T, Kakabadze Z. Freeze-Dried Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Bench to Bedside. Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300155. [PMID: 37990389 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the freeze-dried mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their ability to restore damaged tissues and organs. An analysis of the literature shows that after the lyophilization MSCs retain >80% of paracrine factors and that the mechanism of their action on the restoration of damaged tissues and organs is similar to the mechanism of action of paracrine factors in fresh and cryopreserved mesenchymal stem cells. Based on the own materials, the use of paracrine factors of freeze-dried MSCs in vivo and in vitro for the treatment of various diseases of organs and tissues has shown to be effective. The study also discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of freeze-dried MSCs versus cryopreserved MSCs. However, for the effective use of freeze-dried MSCs in clinical practice, a more detailed study of the mechanism of interaction of paracrine factors of freeze-dried MSCs with target cells and tissues is required. It is also necessary to identify possible other specific paracrine factors of freeze-dried MSCs. In addition, develop new therapeutic strategies for the use of freeze-dried MSCs in regenerative medicine and tissue bioengineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teona Paresishvili
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia
| | - Zurab Kakabadze
- Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, 0186, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dace HJW, Reus R, Ricco CR, Hall R, Farrant JM, Hilhorst HWM. A horizontal view of primary metabolomes in vegetative desiccation tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14109. [PMID: 38148236 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Vegetative desiccation tolerance (VDT), the ability of such tissues to survive the near complete loss of cellular water, is a rare but polyphyletic phenotype. It is a complex multifactorial trait, typified by universal (core) factors but with many and varied adaptations due to plant architecture, biochemistry and biotic/abiotic dynamics of particular ecological niches. The ability to enter into a quiescent biophysically stable state is what ultimately determines desiccation tolerance. Thus, understanding the metabolomic complement of plants with VDT gives insight into the nature of survival as well as evolutionary aspects of VDT. In this study, we measured the soluble carbohydrate profiles and the polar, TMS-derivatisable metabolomes of 7 phylogenetically diverse species with VDT, in contrast with two desiccation sensitive (DS) species, under conditions of full hydration, severe water deficit stress, and desiccation. Our study confirmed the existence of core mechanisms of VDT systems associated with either constitutively abundant trehalose or the accumulation of raffinose family oligosaccharides and sucrose, with threshold ratios conditioned by other features of the metabolome. DS systems did not meet these ratios. Considerable chemical variations among VDT species suggest that co-occurring but distinct stresses (e.g., photooxidative stress) are dealt with using different chemical regimes. Furthermore, differences in the timing of metabolic shifts suggest there is not a single "desiccation programme" but that subprocesses are coordinated differently at different drying phases. There are likely to be constraints on the composition of a viable dry state and how different adaptive strategies interact with the biophysical constraints of VDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Halford J W Dace
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robbin Reus
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Celeste Righi Ricco
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Hall
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jill M Farrant
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Henk W M Hilhorst
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen K, Kc S, Gonzalez T, Tapia H, Boothby TC. Trehalose and tardigrade CAHS proteins work synergistically to promote desiccation tolerance. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1046. [PMID: 36182981 PMCID: PMC9526748 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tardigrades are microscopic animals renowned for their ability to survive extreme desiccation. Unlike many desiccation-tolerant organisms that accumulate high levels of the disaccharide trehalose to protect themselves during drying, tardigrades accumulate little or undetectable levels. Using comparative metabolomics, we find that despite being enriched at low levels, trehalose is a key biomarker distinguishing hydration states of tardigrades. In vitro, naturally occurring stoichiometries of trehalose and CAHS proteins, intrinsically disordered proteins with known protective capabilities, were found to produce synergistic protective effects during desiccation. In vivo, this synergistic interaction is required for robust CAHS-mediated protection. This demonstrates that trehalose acts not only as a protectant, but also as a synergistic cosolute. Beyond desiccation tolerance, our study provides insights into how the solution environment tunes intrinsically disordered proteins’ functions, many of which are vital in biological contexts such as development and disease that are concomitant with large changes in intracellular chemistry. The disaccharide trehalose is a synergistic cosolute and key biomarker of desiccation tolerance in tardigrades.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Nguyen
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Shraddha Kc
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Tyler Gonzalez
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Hugo Tapia
- California State University-Channel Islands, Biology Program, Camarillo, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Boothby
- University of Wyoming, Department of Molecular Biology, Laramie, WY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Introduction to Bacterial Anhydrobiosis: A General Perspective and the Mechanisms of Desiccation-Associated Damage. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020432. [PMID: 35208886 PMCID: PMC8874559 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anhydrobiosis is the ability of selected organisms to lose almost all water and enter a state of reversible ametabolism. Such an organism dries up to a state of equilibrium with dry air. Unless special protective mechanisms exist, desiccation leads to damage, mainly to proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. A short historical outline of research on extreme dehydration of living organisms and the current state of research are presented. Terminological issues are outlined. The role of water in the cell and the mechanisms of damage occurring in the cell under the desiccation stress are briefly discussed. Particular attention was paid to damage to proteins, nucleic acids, and membrane lipids. Understanding the nature of the changes and damage associated with desiccation is essential for the study of desiccation-tolerance mechanisms and application research. Difficulties related to the definition of life and the limits of life in the scientific discussion, caused by the phenomenon of anhydrobiosis, were also indicated.
Collapse
|
6
|
Bosch J, Varliero G, Hallsworth JE, Dallas TD, Hopkins D, Frey B, Kong W, Lebre P, Makhalanyane TP, Cowan DA. Microbial anhydrobiosis. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:6377-6390. [PMID: 34347349 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The loss of cellular water (desiccation) and the resulting low cytosolic water activity are major stress factors for life. Numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa have evolved molecular and physiological adaptions to periods of low water availability or water-limited environments that occur across the terrestrial Earth. The changes within cells during the processes of desiccation and rehydration, from the activation (and inactivation) of biosynthetic pathways to the accumulation of compatible solutes, have been studied in considerable detail. However, relatively little is known on the metabolic status of organisms in the desiccated state; that is, in the sometimes extended periods between the drying and rewetting phases. During these periods, which can extend beyond decades and which we term 'anhydrobiosis', organismal survival could be dependent on a continued supply of energy to maintain the basal metabolic processes necessary for critical functions such as macromolecular repair. Here, we review the state of knowledge relating to the function of microorganisms during the anhydrobiotic state, highlighting substantial gaps in our understanding of qualitative and quantitative aspects of molecular and biochemical processes in desiccated cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Bosch
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Gilda Varliero
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Tiffany D Dallas
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT9 5DL, UK
| | | | - Beat Frey
- Rhizosphere Processes Group, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, 8903, Switzerland
| | - Weidong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science (LATPES), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Pedro Lebre
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Thulani P Makhalanyane
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - Don A Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Frey B, Walthert L, Perez-Mon C, Stierli B, Köchli R, Dharmarajah A, Brunner I. Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:674160. [PMID: 34025630 PMCID: PMC8137989 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.674160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of soil nutrients, because they act as decomposers or are mutualistic or antagonistic symbionts, thereby influencing plant growth and health. In the present study, we investigated the vertical distribution of the soil microbiome to a depth of 2 m in Swiss drought-exposed forests of European beech and oaks on calcareous bedrock. We aimed to disentangle the effects of soil depth, tree (beech, oak), and substrate (soil, roots) on microbial abundance, diversity, and community structure. With increasing soil depth, organic carbon, nitrogen, and clay content decreased significantly. Similarly, fine root biomass, microbial biomass (DNA content, fungal abundance), and microbial alpha-diversity decreased and were consequently significantly related to these physicochemical parameters. In contrast, bacterial abundance tended to increase with soil depth, and the bacteria to fungi ratio increased significantly with greater depth. Tree species was only significantly related to the fungal Shannon index but not to the bacterial Shannon index. Microbial community analyses revealed that bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly across the soil layers, more strongly for bacteria than for fungi. Both communities were also significantly affected by tree species and substrate. In deep soil layers, poorly known bacterial taxa from Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and GAL 15 were overrepresented. Furthermore, archaeal phyla such as Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were more abundant in subsoils than topsoils. Fungal taxa that were predominantly found in deep soil layers belong to the ectomycorrhizal Boletus luridus and Hydnum vesterholtii. Both taxa are reported for the first time in such deep soil layers. Saprotrophic fungal taxa predominantly recorded in deep soil layers were unknown species of Xylaria. Finally, our results show that the microbial community structure found in fine roots was well represented in the bulk soil. Overall, we recorded poorly known bacterial and archaeal phyla, as well as ectomycorrhizal fungi that were not previously known to colonize deep soil layers. Our study contributes to an integrated perspective on the vertical distribution of the soil microbiome at a fine spatial scale in drought-exposed forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beat Frey
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Walthert
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Carla Perez-Mon
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Beat Stierli
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Roger Köchli
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Dharmarajah
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Ivano Brunner
- Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weng L. Technologies and Applications Toward Preservation of Cells in a Dry State for Therapies. Biopreserv Biobank 2021; 19:332-341. [PMID: 33493407 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapeutics promise to transform the treatment of a wide range of diseases, many of which, up to this point, are incurable. During the past decade, an increasing number of cell therapies have been approved by government regulatory agencies in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Thousands of clinical trials based on live cell therapies are now taking place around the world. But most of these live cell therapies face temporal and/or spatial distances between manufacture and administration, posing a risk of degradation in potency. Cryopreservation has become the predominant biobanking approach to maintain the product's safety and efficacy during transportation and storage. However, the necessity of cryogenic shipment and storage could limit patient access to these emerging therapies and increase the costs of logistics. In the (bio)pharmaceutical industries, freeze-drying and desiccation are established preservation procedures for manufacturing small molecule drugs, liposomes, and monoclonal antibodies. Over the past two decades, there has been a growing body of research exploring the freeze-drying or drying of mammalian cells, with varying degrees of success. This article provides an overview of the technologies that were adopted or developed in these pioneering studies, paving the road toward the preservation of cell-based therapeutics in a dry state for biomanufacturing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindong Weng
- Sana Biotechnology, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kumar A, Cincotti A, Aparicio S. Insights into the interaction between lipid bilayers and trehalose aqueous solutions. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
10
|
Rosa AS, Disalvo EA, Frias MA. Water Behavior at the Phase Transition of Phospholipid Matrixes Assessed by FTIR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6236-6244. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c03719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Rosa
- Applied Biophysics and Food Research Center, National University of Santiago del Estero (CIBAAL-UNSE-CONICET), G4200 Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - E. A. Disalvo
- Applied Biophysics and Food Research Center, National University of Santiago del Estero (CIBAAL-UNSE-CONICET), G4200 Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| | - M. A. Frias
- Applied Biophysics and Food Research Center, National University of Santiago del Estero (CIBAAL-UNSE-CONICET), G4200 Santiago del Estero, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dirk LMA, Abdel CG, Ahmad I, Neta ICS, Pereira CC, Pereira FECB, Unêda-Trevisoli SH, Pinheiro DG, Downie AB. Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein-Client Protein Interactions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E814. [PMID: 32610443 PMCID: PMC7412488 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered proteins belonging to the LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT protein (LEAP) family have been ascribed a protective function over an array of intracellular components. We focus on how LEAPs may protect a stress-susceptible proteome. These examples include instances of LEAPs providing a shield molecule function, possibly by instigating liquid-liquid phase separations. Some LEAPs bind directly to their client proteins, exerting a holdase-type chaperonin function. Finally, instances of LEAP-client protein interactions have been documented, where the LEAP modulates (interferes with) the function of the client protein, acting as a surreptitious rheostat of cellular homeostasis. From the examples identified to date, it is apparent that client protein modulation also serves to mitigate stress. While some LEAPs can physically bind and protect client proteins, some apparently bind to assist the degradation of the client proteins with which they associate. Documented instances of LEAP-client protein binding, even in the absence of stress, brings to the fore the necessity of identifying how the LEAPs are degraded post-stress to render them innocuous, a first step in understanding how the cell regulates their abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynnette M. A. Dirk
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA;
| | - Caser Ghaafar Abdel
- Agriculture College, Al-Muthanna University, Samawah, Al-Muthanna 66001, Iraq;
| | - Imran Ahmad
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop Production Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa 25120, Pakistan;
| | | | - Cristiane Carvalho Pereira
- Departamento de Agricultura—Setor de Sementes, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais CEP: 37200-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli
- Department of Vegetable Production, (UNESP) National University of São Paulo, Jaboticabal, São Paulo CEP: 14884-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Guariz Pinheiro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Science and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP: 14040-901, Brazil;
| | - Allan Bruce Downie
- Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky Seed Biology Program, Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Palud A, Salem K, Cavin JF, Beney L, Licandro H. Identification and transcriptional profile of Lactobacillus paracasei genes involved in the response to desiccation and rehydration. Food Microbiol 2020; 85:103301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.103301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
13
|
Billi D, Staibano C, Verseux C, Fagliarone C, Mosca C, Baqué M, Rabbow E, Rettberg P. Dried Biofilms of Desert Strains of Chroococcidiopsis Survived Prolonged Exposure to Space and Mars-like Conditions in Low Earth Orbit. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:1008-1017. [PMID: 30741568 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dried biofilms and dried multilayered planktonic counterparts obtained from three desert strains of Chroococcidiopsis were exposed to low Earth conditions by using the EXPOSE-R2 facility outside the International Space Station. During the space mission, samples in Tray 1 (space vacuum and solar radiation, from λ ≈ 110 nm) and Tray 2 (Mars-like UV flux, λ > 200 nm and Mars-like atmosphere) received total UV (200-400 nm) fluences of about 4.58 × 102 kJ/m2 and 4.92 × 102 kJ/m2, respectively, and 0.5 Gy of cosmic ionizing radiation. Postflight analyses were performed on 2.5-year-old samples due to the space mission duration, from launch to sample return to the lab. The occurrence of survivors was determined by evaluating cell division upon rehydration and damage to the genome and photosynthetic apparatus by polymerase chain reaction-stop assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Biofilms recovered better than their planktonic counterparts, accumulating less damage not only when exposed to UV radiation under space and Mars-like conditions but also when exposed in dark conditions to low Earth conditions and laboratory control conditions. This suggests that, despite the shielding provided by top-cell layers being sufficient for a certain degree of survival of the multilayered planktonic samples, the enhanced survival of biofilms was due to the presence of abundant extracellular polymeric substances and to additional features acquired upon drying.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Billi
- 1University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Clelia Staibano
- 1University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Cyprien Verseux
- 1University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Mosca
- 1University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Mickael Baqué
- 2German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Management and Infrastructure, Astrobiological Laboratories Research Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Rabbow
- 3German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Rettberg
- 3German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Genome-level responses to the environment: plant desiccation tolerance. Emerg Top Life Sci 2019; 3:153-163. [DOI: 10.1042/etls20180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Plants being sessile organisms are well equipped genomically to respond to environmental stressors peculiar to their habitat. Evolution of plants onto land was enabled by the ability to tolerate extreme water loss (desiccation), a feature that has been retained within genomes but not universally expressed in most land plants today. In the majority of higher plants, desiccation tolerance (DT) is expressed only in reproductive tissues (seeds and pollen), but some 135 angiosperms display vegetative DT. Here, we review genome-level responses associated with DT, pointing out common and yet sometimes discrepant features, the latter relating to evolutionary adaptations to particular niches. Understanding DT can lead to the ultimate production of crops with greater tolerance of drought than is currently realized.
Collapse
|
15
|
Michael Fitzpatrick G. Novel platelet products under development for the treatment of thrombocytopenia or acute hemorrhage. Transfus Apher Sci 2018; 58:7-11. [PMID: 30718153 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Controlling hemorrhage has been a focus of survival since man recognized that the loss of blood led to death. Papyri from 1600 BCE describe methods for hemorrhage control including; direct pressure, ligature and the use of sutures. Multiple studies have demonstrated the survival advantage of early transfusion of whole blood or red cells and plasma. The added survival impact of early transfusion of platelets was recently reported in a substudy of the prospective Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratios (PROPPR) trial. Early transfusion of platelets demonstrated a statistically significant survival benefit at 24 h and 30 days post-injury. [1] Platelet availability is limited due to the short shelf life (5-7 days) and storage requirements (room temperature with constant agitation). Providing platelets or platelet derived products for prehospital treatment and to rural and some urban hospitals is an unmet medical need. The interest in novel and alternative platelet products has grown over the past decade and the status of novel platelet products is presented herein. Development, approval, and distribution of hemostatically effective approved platelet products for prehospital use and routine stockage in rural and urban centers could significantly increase survival rates in bleeding patients.
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
Kulikova-Borovikova D, Lisi S, Dauss E, Alamae T, Buzzini P, Hallsworth JE, Rapoport A. Activity of the α-glucoside transporter Agt1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells during dehydration-rehydration events. Fungal Biol 2018; 122:613-620. [PMID: 29801806 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Microbial cells can enter a state of anhydrobiosis under desiccating conditions. One of the main determinants of viability during dehydration-rehydration cycles is structural integrity of the plasma membrane. Whereas much is known about phase transitions of the lipid bilayer, there is a paucity of information on changes in activity of plasma membrane proteins during dehydration-rehydration events. We selected the α-glucoside transporter Agt1 to gain insights into stress mechanisms/responses and ecophysiology during anhydrobiosis. As intracellular water content of S. cerevisiae strain 14 (a strain with moderate tolerance to dehydration-rehydration) was reduced to 1.5 g water/g dry weight, the activity of the Agt1 transporter decreased by 10-15 %. This indicates that functionality of this trans-membrane and relatively hydrophobic protein depends on water. Notably, however, levels of cell viability were retained. Prior incubation in the stress protectant xylitol increased stability of the plasma membrane but not Agt1. Studies were carried out using a comparator yeast which was highly resistant to dehydration-rehydration (S. cerevisiae strain 77). By contrast to S. cerevisiae strain 14, there was no significant reduction of Agt1 activity in S. cerevisiae strain 77 cells. These findings have implications for the ecophysiology of S. cerevisiae strains in natural and industrial systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Kulikova-Borovikova
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, LV-1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Silvia Lisi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Edgars Dauss
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, LV-1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Tiina Alamae
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pietro Buzzini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, I-06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, MBC, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Alexander Rapoport
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Latvia, Jelgavas Str., 1-537, LV-1004, Riga, Latvia.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Involvement of Heat Shock Proteins in Invertebrate Anhydrobiosis. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS AND STRESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90725-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
19
|
Gao B, Li X, Zhang D, Liang Y, Yang H, Chen M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Wood AJ. Desiccation tolerance in bryophytes: The dehydration and rehydration transcriptomes in the desiccation-tolerant bryophyte Bryum argenteum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7571. [PMID: 28790328 PMCID: PMC5548717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07297-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The desiccation tolerant bryophyte Bryum argenteum is an important component of desert biological soil crusts (BSCs) and is emerging as a model system for studying vegetative desiccation tolerance. Here we present and analyze the hydration-dehydration-rehydration transcriptomes in B. argenteum to establish a desiccation-tolerance transcriptomic atlas. B. argenteum gametophores representing five different hydration stages (hydrated (H0), dehydrated for 2 h (D2), 24 h (D24), then rehydrated for 2 h (R2) and 48 h (R48)), were sampled for transcriptome analyses. Illumina high throughput RNA-Seq technology was employed and generated more than 488.46 million reads. An in-house de novo transcriptome assembly optimization pipeline based on Trinity assembler was developed to obtain a reference Hydration-Dehydration-Rehydration (H-D-R) transcriptome comprising of 76,206 transcripts, with an N50 of 2,016 bp and average length of 1,222 bp. Comprehensive transcription factor (TF) annotation discovered 978 TFs in 62 families, among which 404 TFs within 40 families were differentially expressed upon dehydration-rehydration. Pfam term enrichment analysis revealed 172 protein families/domains were significantly associated with the H-D-R cycle and confirmed early rehydration (i.e. the R2 stage) as exhibiting the maximum stress-induced changes in gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.,School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Daoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Honglan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Moxian Chen
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andrew J Wood
- Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, 62901-6509, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Furuki T, Watanabe T, Furuta T, Takano K, Shirakashi R, Sakurai M. The Dry Preservation of Giant Vesicles Using a Group 3 LEA Protein Model Peptide and Its Molecular Mechanism. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
21
|
Recent Advances and Future Direction in Lyophilisation and Desiccation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3604203. [PMID: 27597869 PMCID: PMC5002305 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3604203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are a promising mammalian cell type as they can be used for the reconstruction of human tissues and organs. MSCs are shown to form bone, cartilage, fat, and muscle-like cells under specific cultivation conditions. Current technology of MSCs cryopreservation has significant disadvantages. Alternative technologies of mammalian cells preservation through lyophilisation or desiccation (air-drying) are among the upcoming domains of investigation in the field of cryobiology. Different protectants and their combinations were studied in this context. Loading of the protectant in the live cell can be a challenging issue but recent studies have shown encouraging results. This paper deals with a review of the protectants, methods of their delivery, and physical boundary conditions adopted for the desiccation and lyophilisation of mammalian cells, including MSCs. A hybrid technique combining both methods is also proposed as a promising way of MSCs dry preservation.
Collapse
|
22
|
Furuki T, Sakurai M. Group 3 LEA protein model peptides protect enzymes against desiccation stress. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1237-1243. [PMID: 27131872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether model peptides for group 3 late embryogenesis abundant (G3LEA) proteins, which we developed previously, are capable of maintaining the catalytic activities of enzymes dried in their presence. Three different peptides were compared: 1) PvLEA-22, which consists of two tandem repeats of the 11-mer motif found in G3LEA proteins from an African sleeping chironomid; 2) PvLEA-44, which is made of four tandem repeats of the same 11-mer motif; and 3) a peptide whose amino acid composition is the same as that of PvLEA-22, but whose sequence is scrambled. We selected two enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and β-d-galactosidase (BDG), as targets because they have different isoelectric point (pI) values, in the alkaline and acidic range, respectively. While these enzymes were almost inactivated when dried alone, their catalytic activity was preserved at ≥70% of native levels in the presence of any of the above three peptides. This degree of protection is comparable to that conferred by several full-length G3LEA proteins, as reported previously for LDH. Interestingly, the protective activity of the peptides was enhanced slightly when they were mixed with trehalose, especially when the molar content of the peptides was low. On the basis of these results, the G3LEA model peptides show promise as protectants for the dry preservation of enzymes/proteins with a wide range of pI values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Furuki
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-62, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Sakurai
- Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-B-62, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Application of anhydrobiosis and dehydration of yeasts for non-conventional biotechnological goals. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 32:104. [PMID: 27116970 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-016-2058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Dehydration of yeast cells causes them to enter a state of anhydrobiosis in which their metabolism is temporarily and reversibly suspended. This unique state among organisms is currently used in the production of active dry yeasts, mainly used in baking and winemaking. In recent decades non-conventional applications of yeast dehydration have been proposed for various modern biotechnologies. This mini-review briefly summarises current information on the application of dry yeasts in traditional and innovative fields. It has been shown that dry yeast preparations can be used for the efficient protection, purification and bioremediation of the environment from heavy metals. The high sorption activity of dehydrated yeasts can be used as an interesting tool in winemaking due to their effects on quality and taste. Dry yeasts are also used in agricultural animal feed. Another interesting application of yeast dehydration is as an additional stage in new methods for the stable immobilisation of microorganisms, especially in cases when biotechnologically important strains have no affinity with the carrier. Such immobilisation methods also provide a new approach for the successful conservation of yeast strains that are very sensitive to dehydration. In addition, the application of dehydration procedures opens up new possibilities for the use of yeast as a model system. Separate sections of this review also discuss possible uses of dry yeasts in biocontrol, bioprotection and biotransformations, in analytical methods as well as in some other areas.
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Yaari M, Doron-Faigenboim A, Koltai H, Salame L, Glazer I. Transcriptome analysis of stress tolerance in entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Steinernema. Int J Parasitol 2015; 46:83-95. [PMID: 26598027 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Steinernema are effective biological control agents. The infective stage of these parasites can withstand environmental stresses such as desiccation and heat, but the molecular and physiological mechanisms involved in this tolerance are poorly understood. We used 454 pyrosequencing to analyse transcriptome expression in Steinernema spp. that differ in their tolerance to stress. We compared these species, following heat and desiccation treatments, with their non-stressed counterparts. More than 98% of the transcripts found matched homologous sequences in the UniRef90 database, mostly nematode genes (85%). Among those, 60.8% aligned to the vertebrate parasites including Ascaris suum, Loa loa, and Brugia malayi, 23.3% aligned to bacteriovores, mostly from the genus Caenorhabditis, and 1% aligned to EPNs. Analysing gene expression patterns of the stress response showed a large fraction of down-regulated genes in the desiccation-tolerant nematode Steinernema riobrave, whereas a larger fraction of the genes in the susceptible Steinernema feltiae Carmiel and Gvulot strains were up-regulated. We further compared metabolic pathways and the expression of specific stress-related genes. In the more tolerant nematode, more genes were down-regulated whereas in the less tolerant strains, more genes were up-regulated. This phenomenon warrants further exploration of the mechanism governing induction of the down-regulation process. The present study revealed many genes and metabolic cycles that are differentially expressed in the stressed nematodes. Some of those are well known in other nematodes or anhydrobiotic organisms, but several are new and should be further investigated for their involvement in desiccation and heat tolerance. Our data establish a foundation for further exploration of stress tolerance in entomopathogenic nematodes and, in the long term, for improving their ability to withstand suboptimal environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mor Yaari
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel
| | - Hinanit Koltai
- Department of Ornamental Horticulture, Agricultural Research Organization, Israel
| | - Liora Salame
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Itamar Glazer
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, P.O. Box 6, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Miller DP, Tan T, Tarara TE, Nakamura J, Malcolmson RJ, Weers JG. Physical Characterization of Tobramycin Inhalation Powder: I. Rational Design of a Stable Engineered-Particle Formulation for Delivery to the Lungs. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2582-93. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Trixie Tan
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - Thomas E. Tarara
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | - John Nakamura
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| | | | - Jeffry G. Weers
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, San Carlos, California 94070, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Popova AV, Rausch S, Hundertmark M, Gibon Y, Hincha DK. The intrinsically disordered protein LEA7 from Arabidopsis thaliana protects the isolated enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and enzymes in a soluble leaf proteome during freezing and drying. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1517-25. [PMID: 25988244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins in plants is associated with tolerance against stresses such as freezing and desiccation. Two main functions have been attributed to LEA proteins: membrane stabilization and enzyme protection. We have hypothesized previously that LEA7 from Arabidopsis thaliana may stabilize membranes because it interacts with liposomes in the dry state. Here we show that LEA7, contrary to this expectation, did not stabilize liposomes during drying and rehydration. Instead, it partially preserved the activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) during drying and freezing. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed no evidence of aggregation of LDH in the dry or rehydrated state under conditions that lead to complete loss of activity. To approximate the complex influence of intracellular conditions on the protective effects of a LEA protein in a convenient in-vitro assay, we measured the activity of two Arabidopsis enzymes (glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) in total soluble leaf protein extract (Arabidopsis soluble proteome, ASP) after drying and rehydration or freezing and thawing. LEA7 partially preserved the activity of both enzymes under these conditions, suggesting its role as an enzyme protectant in vivo. Further FTIR analyses indicated the partial reversibility of protein aggregation in the dry ASP during rehydration. Similarly, aggregation in the dry ASP was strongly reduced by LEA7. In addition, mixtures of LEA7 with sucrose or verbascose reduced aggregation more than the single additives, presumably through the effects of the protein on the H-bonding network of the sugar glasses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antoaneta V Popova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Saskia Rausch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michaela Hundertmark
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yves Gibon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Dirk K Hincha
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|