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Huai B, Bai M, Tong PP, He HJ, Liang MJ, Chen CY, Wu H. CgPBA1 may be involved in nuclear degradation during secretory cavity formation by programmed cell death in Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa' fruits. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 160:306-314. [PMID: 33545608 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Caspase-3 is the crucial executor caspase of apoptosis in mammalian cells, which is essential for chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Although plants have no caspase-3 homologs, PBA1 acts as a plant caspase-3-like enzyme in plant programmed cell death (PCD). PCD occurs during the formation of secretory cavities in Citrus fruits; hence, secretory cavities could be utilized as a new cell biology model for investigating the regulatory mechanisms of plant PCD. To further study the association between PBA1 and PCD during secretory cavity development in Citrus fruits, CgPBA1 was identified in the fruit of Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa'. The temporal and spatial expression of CgPBA1 during secretory cavity development were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization, and the morphological changes in the apoptotic cell nuclei were observed using TUNEL assay and ultra-thin section technology. The results revealed that the full-length cDNA of CgPBA1 contains a 711 bp ORF that encodes a putative protein containing 236 amino acid with a proteasome-β-6 functional domain that belongs to the Ntn hydrolase super family. CgPBA1 was predominantly expressed in the secretory cavities; its expression changes coincided with the morphological changes and DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cell nuclei. The green fluorescent fusion protein of CgPBA1 is also located in the nucleus of tobacco epidermal cells. Based on previous research and the findings of the present study, we speculate that CgPBA1 is a highly functional conserved protein in plants, and it might be involved in nuclear degradation during PCD for secretory cavity formation in C. grandis 'Tomentosa' fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Huai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - M Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - P P Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - H J He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - M J Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - C Y Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - H Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Grafi G. Dead but Not Dead End: Multifunctional Role of Dead Organs Enclosing Embryos in Seed Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218024. [PMID: 33126660 PMCID: PMC7662896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry fruits consist of two types, dehiscent and indehiscent, whereby the fruit is splitting open or remains closed at maturity, respectively. The seed, the dispersal unit (DU) of dehiscent fruits, is composed of three major parts, the embryo and the food reserve, encapsulated by the maternally-derived organ, the seed coat. Indehiscent fruit constitutes the DU in which the embryo is covered by two protective layers (PLs), the seed coat and the fruit coat. In grasses, the caryopsis, a one-seeded fruit, can be further enclosed by the floral bracts to generate two types of DUs, florets and spikelets. All protective layers enclosing the embryo undergo programmed cell death (PCD) at maturation and are thought to provide mainly a physical shield for embryo protection and a means for dispersal. In this review article, I wish to highlight the elaborate function of these dead organs enclosing the embryo as unique storage structures for beneficial substances and discuss their potential role in seed biology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gideon Grafi
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion 84990, Israel
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Lemos Rocha G, Pireda S, da Silva Araújo J, Amâncio Oliveira AE, Lima Tavares Machado O, da Cunha M, Grativol C, Valevski Sales Fernandes K. Programmed cell death in soybean seed coats. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 288:110232. [PMID: 31521224 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seed coat is the tissue which establishes an interface between the seed inner tissues and external environment. Our group has shown that cowpea seed coat undergoes coordinated events of programmed cell death (PCD) during development. In relation to germinating seed coats, little is known on PCD events. The goal here was to investigate the biochemical aspects of germinating soybean seed coat, focusing on proteolytic activities related to PCD. In gel and in solution activity profiles of quiescent and germinating seed coat extracts revealed a complex pattern of caspase- and metacaspase-like cysteine protease activities. Trypsin inhibitor and reserve proteins were revealed as potential substrates for these proteases. A pancaspase inhibitor (z-VAD-CHO) affected the radicle length of seeds germinated under its presence. Ultrastructural analysis showed the absence of cell organelles in all seed coat layers after imbibition, while oligonucleosome fragments peaked at 72 h after imbibition (HAI). Altogether, the data suggest the presence of biochemical PCD hallmarks in germinating soybean seed coat and point to the involvement of the detected protease activities in processes such as reserve protein mobilization and weakening of seed coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Lemos Rocha
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociência e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil
| | - Saulo Pireda
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociência e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil
| | - Jucélia da Silva Araújo
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociência e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil
| | - Antônia Elenir Amâncio Oliveira
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociência e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil
| | - Olga Lima Tavares Machado
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociência e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil
| | - Maura da Cunha
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual, Centro de Biociência e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil
| | - Clicia Grativol
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociência e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia Valevski Sales Fernandes
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociência e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil.
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Soares EL, Lima MLB, Nascimento JRS, Soares AA, Coutinho ÍAC, Campos FAP. Seed development of Jatropha curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae): integrating anatomical, ultrastructural and molecular studies. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1707-1716. [PMID: 28721520 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This work provides a detailed histological analysis of the development of Jatropha curcas seeds, together with an assessment of the role of programmed cell death in this process. Seeds of Jatropha curcas are a potential source of raw material for the production of biodiesel, but very little is known about how the architecture of the seeds is shaped by the coordinated development of the embryo, endosperm and maternal tissues, namely integuments and nucellus. This study used standard anatomical and ultrastructural techniques to evaluate seed development and programmed cell death (PCD) in the inner integument was monitored by qPCR. In these studies, we found that the embryo sac formation is of the Polygonum type. We also found that embryogenesis is a slow process and the embryo is nourished by the suspensor at earlier stages and by nutrients remobilized from the lysis of the inner integument at later stages. Two types of programmed cell death contribute to the differentiation of the inner integument that begins at early stages of seed development. In addition, the mature embryo presents features of adaptation to dry environments such as the presence of four seminal roots, water absorbing stomata in the root zone and already differentiated protoxylem elements. The findings in this study fill in gaps related to the ontogeny of J. curcas seed development and provide novel insights regarding the types of PCD occurring in the inner integument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanoella L Soares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Magda L B Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José R S Nascimento
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Arlete A Soares
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ítalo A C Coutinho
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco A P Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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Ingram GC. Dying to live: cell elimination as a developmental strategy in angiosperm seeds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:785-796. [PMID: 27702990 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The complete elimination of unwanted cells during development is a repeated theme in both multicellular animals and in plants. In plants, such events have been extensively studied and reviewed in terms of their molecular regulation, of marker genes and proteins expressed, and in terms of cellular changes associated with their progression. This review will take a slightly different view of developmental cell elimination and will concentrate specifically on the numerous elimination events that occur during ovule and seed development (here grouped together as seed development). It asks why this cell elimination occurs in specific seed tissues, in order to understand something about the commonalities underlying how seemingly disparate events are triggered and regulated. Finally, by placing the seed in its broader evolutionary context, the question of why cell elimination may have emerged as such a key component of the seed developmental toolbox will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyneth C Ingram
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Université de Lyon, CNRS (UMR 5667), INRA (UMR 0879), UCB Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
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Van Durme M, Nowack MK. Mechanisms of developmentally controlled cell death in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 29:29-37. [PMID: 26658336 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
During plant development various forms of programmed cell death (PCD) are implemented by a number of cell types as inherent part of their differentiation programmes. Differentiation-induced developmental PCD is gradually prepared in concert with the other cell differentiation processes. As precocious or delayed PCD can have detrimental consequences for plant development, the actual execution of PCD has to be tightly controlled. Once triggered, PCD is irrevocably and rapidly executed accompanied by the breakdown of cellular compartments. In most developmental PCD forms, cell death is followed by cell corpse clearance. Devoid of phagocytic mechanisms, dying plant cells have to prepare their own demise in a cell-autonomous fashion before their deaths, ensuring the completion of cell clearance post mortem. Depending on the cell type, cell clearance can be complete or rather selective, and persistent corpses of particular cells accomplish vital functions in the plant body. The present review attempts to give an update on the molecular mechanisms that coordinate differentiation-induced PCD as vital part of plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Van Durme
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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Sinha RK, Pospíšil P, Maheshwari P, Eudes F. Bcl-2△21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO Inhibit Death of Wheat Microspores. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1931. [PMID: 28082995 PMCID: PMC5184288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microspore cell death and low green plant production efficiency are an integral obstacle in the development of doubled haploid production in wheat. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of anti-apoptotic recombinant human B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2△21) and caspase-3-inhibitor (Ac-DEVD-CHO) in microspore cell death in bread wheat cultivars AC Fielder and AC Andrew. Induction medium containing Bcl-2△21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO yielded a significantly higher number of viable microspores, embryo-like structures and total green plants in wheat cultivars AC Fielder and AC Andrew. Total peroxidase activity was lower in Bcl-2△21 treated microspore cultures at 96 h of treatment compared to control and Ac-DEVD-CHO. Electron paramagnetic resonance study of total microspore protein showed a different scavenging activity for Bcl-2△21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO. Bcl-2△21 scavenged approximately 50% hydroxyl radical (HO•) formed, whereas Ac-DEVD-CHO scavenged approximately 20% of HO•. Conversely, reduced caspase-3-like activities were detected in the presence of Bcl-2△21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO, supporting the involvement of Bcl-2△21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO in increasing microspore viability by reducing oxidative stress and caspase-3-like activity. Our results indicate that Bcl-2△21 and Ac-DEVD-CHO protects cells from cell death following different pathways. Bcl-2△21 prevents cell damage by detoxifying HO• and suppressing caspase-3-like activity, while Ac-DEVD-CHO inhibits the cell death pathways by modulating caspase-like activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K. Sinha
- Cereal Biotechnology, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, LethbridgeAB, Canada
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of SilesiaKatowice, Poland
- *Correspondence: Rakesh K. Sinha,
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký UniversityOlomouc, Czechia
| | - Priti Maheshwari
- Cereal Biotechnology, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, LethbridgeAB, Canada
| | - François Eudes
- Cereal Biotechnology, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, LethbridgeAB, Canada
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Galsurker O, Doron-Faigenboim A, Teper-Bamnolker P, Daus A, Fridman Y, Lers A, Eshel D. Cellular and Molecular Changes Associated with Onion Skin Formation Suggest Involvement of Programmed Cell Death. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:2031. [PMID: 28119713 PMCID: PMC5220068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin formation of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulb involves scale desiccation accompanied by scale senescence, resulting in cell death and tissue browning. Understanding the mechanism of skin formation is essential to improving onion skin and bulb qualities. Although onion skin plays a crucial role in postharvest onion storage and shelf life, its formation is poorly understood. We investigated the mode of cell death in the outermost scales that are destined to form the onion skin. Surprisingly, fluorescein diacetate staining and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the outer scale desiccates from the inside out. This striking observation suggests that cell death in the outer scales, during skin formation, is an internal and organized process that does not derive only from air desiccation. DNA fragmentation, a known hallmark of programmed cell death (PCD), was revealed in the outer scales and gradually decreased toward the inner scales of the bulb. Transmission electron microscopy further revealed PCD-related structural alterations in the outer scales which were absent from the inner scales. De novo transcriptome assembly for three different scales: 1st (outer), 5th (intermediate) and 8th (inner) fleshy scales identified 2,542 differentially expressed genes among them. GO enrichment for cluster analysis revealed increasing metabolic processes in the outer senescent scale related to defense response, PCD processes, carbohydrate metabolism and flavonoid biosynthesis, whereas increased metabolism and developmental growth processes were identified in the inner scales. High expression levels of PCD-related genes were identified in the outer scale compared to the inner ones, highlighting the involvement of PCD in outer-skin development. These findings suggest that a program to form the dry protective skin exists and functions only in the outer scales of onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ortal Galsurker
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Field Crops and Vegetables, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Doron-Faigenboim
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Paula Teper-Bamnolker
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Avinoam Daus
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Yael Fridman
- The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science, Edmond Safra Campus (G Ram), The Hebrew UniversityJerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Lers
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dani Eshel
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, The Volcani Center, Agricultural Research OrganizationRishon LeZion, Israel
- *Correspondence: Dani Eshel,
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