1
|
Yang H, Fang Y, Liang Z, Qin T, Liu JH, Liu T. Polyamines: pleiotropic molecules regulating plant development and enhancing crop yield and quality. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 39024414 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are pleiotropic bioorganic molecules. Cellular PA contents are determined by a balance between PA synthesis and degradation. PAs have been extensively demonstrated to play vital roles in the modulation of plant developmental processes and adaptation to various environmental stresses. In this review, the latest advances on the diverse roles of PAs in a range of developmental processes, such as morphogenesis, organogenesis, growth and development, and fruit ripening, are summarized and discussed. Besides, the crosstalk between PAs and phytohormones or other signalling molecules, including H2O2 and NO, involved in these processes is dwelled on. In addition, the attempts made to improve the yield and quality of grain and vegetable crops through altering the PA catabolism are enumerated. Finally, several other vital questions that remain unanswered are proposed and discussed. These include the mechanisms underlying the cooperative regulation of developmental processes by PAs and their interplaying partners like phytohormones, H2O2 and NO; PA transport for maintaining homeostasis; and utilization of PA anabolism/catabolism for generating high-yield and good-quality crops. This review aims to gain new insights into the pleiotropic role of PAs in the modulation of plant growth and development, which provides an alternative approach for manipulating and engineering valuable crop varieties that can be used in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Development Biology and Environmental Adaptation of Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Development Biology and Environmental Adaptation of Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiman Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Development Biology and Environmental Adaptation of Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Development Biology and Environmental Adaptation of Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji-Hong Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Taibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for the Development Biology and Environmental Adaptation of Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shang C, Liu X, Chen G, Li G, Hu S, Zheng H, Ge L, Long Y, Wang Q, Hu X. SlWRKY81 regulates Spd synthesis and Na +/K + homeostasis through interaction with SlJAZ1 mediated JA pathway to improve tomato saline-alkali resistance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 118:1774-1792. [PMID: 38468425 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Saline-alkali stress is an important abiotic stress factor affecting tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth. Although the involvement of the tomato SlWRKY gene family in responses to saline-alkali stress has been well established, the mechanism underlying resistance to saline-alkali stress remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of SlWRKY81 in conferring saline-alkali stress resistance by using overexpression and knockout tomato seedlings obtained via genetic modification. We demonstrated that SlWRKY81 improves the ability of tomato to withstand saline-alkali stress by enhancing antioxidant capacity, root activity, and proline content while reducing malondialdehyde levels. Saline-alkali stress induces an increase in jasmonic acid (JA) content in tomato seedlings, and the SlWRKY81 promoter responds to JA signaling, leading to an increase in SlWRKY81 expression. Furthermore, the interaction between SlJAZ1 and SlWRKY81 represses the expression of SlWRKY81. SlWRKY81 binds to W-box motifs in the promoter regions of SlSPDS2 and SlNHX4, thereby positively regulating their expression. This regulation results in increased spermidine (Spd) content and enhanced potassium (K+) absorption and sodium (Na+) efflux, which contribute to the resistance of tomato to saline-alkali stress. However, JA and SlJAZ1 exhibit antagonistic effects. Elevated JA content reduces the inhibitory effect of SlJAZ1 on SlWRKY81, leading to the release of additional SlWRKY81 protein and further augmenting the resistance of tomato to saline-alkali stress. In summary, the modulation of Spd synthesis and Na+/K+ homeostasis mediated by the interaction between SlWRKY81 and SlJAZ1 represents a novel pathway underlying tomato response to saline-alkali stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Shang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guobin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Songshen Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lei Ge
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yanghao Long
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Burke R, Nicotra D, Phelan J, Downey F, McCabe PF, Kacprzyk J. Spermine and spermidine inhibit or induce programmed cell death in Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro and in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 38808914 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous biomolecules with a number of established functions in eukaryotic cells. In plant cells, polyamines have previously been linked to abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, as well as to the modulation of programmed cell death (PCD), with contrasting reports on their pro-PCD and pro-survival effects. Here, we used two well-established platforms for the study of plant PCD, Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cultures cells and the root hair assay, to examine the roles of the polyamines spermine and spermidine in the regulation of PCD. Using these systems for precise quantification of cell death rates, we demonstrate that both polyamines can trigger PCD when applied exogenously at higher doses, whereas at lower concentrations they inhibit PCD induced by both biotic and abiotic stimuli. Furthermore, we show that concentrations of polyamines resulting in inhibition of PCD generated a transient ROS burst in our experimental system, and activated the expression of oxidative stress- and pathogen response-associated genes. Finally, we examined PCD responses in existing Arabidopsis polyamine synthesis mutants, and identified a subtle PCD phenotype in Arabidopsis seedlings deficient in thermo-spermine. The presented data show that polyamines can have a role in PCD regulation; however, that role is dose-dependent and consequently they may act as either inhibitors, or inducers, of PCD in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rory Burke
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Daniele Nicotra
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Italy
| | - Jim Phelan
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frances Downey
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul F McCabe
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanna Kacprzyk
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shang C, Liu X, Chen G, Zheng H, Khan A, Li G, Hu X. SlWRKY80-mediated jasmonic acid pathway positively regulates tomato resistance to saline-alkali stress by enhancing spermidine content and stabilizing Na +/K + homeostasis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae028. [PMID: 38559468 PMCID: PMC10980716 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Saline-alkali is an important abiotic stressor influencing tomato production. Exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is well known to increase tomato resistance to a variety of stresses, although its exact mechanism is yet unknown. In this study we confirmed that 22.5 μmol/l MeJA could significantly improve the saline-alkali stress resistance of tomato. Saline-alkali (300 mM) stress increased the endogenous MeJA and jasmonic acid (JA) contents of tomato by 18.8 and 13.4%, respectively. Exogenous application of 22.5 μmol/l MeJA increased the endogenous MeJA and JA contents in tomato by 15.2 and 15.9%, respectively. Furthermore, we found an important transcription factor, SlWRKY80, which responded to MeJA, and constructed its overexpressing and knockout lines through genetic transformation. It was found that SlWRKY80 actively regulated tomato resistance to saline-alkali stress, and the spraying of exogenous MeJA (22.5 μmol/l) reduced the sensitivity of SlWRKY80 knockout lines to saline-alkali stress. The SlWRKY80 protein directly combines with the promoter of SlSPDS2 and SlNHX4 to positively regulate the transcription of SlSPDS2 and SlNHX4, thereby promoting the synthesis of spermidine and Na+/K+ homeostasis, actively regulating saline-alkali stress. The augmentation of JA content led to a notable reduction of 70.6% in the expression of SlJAZ1, and the release of the SlWRKY80 protein interacting with SlJAZ1. In conclusion, we revealed the mechanism of exogenous MeJA in tomato stress resistance through multiple metabolic pathways, elucidated that exogenous MeJA further promotes spermidine synthesis and Na+/K+ homeostasis by activating the expression of SlWRKY80, which provides a new theoretical basis for the study of the JA stress resistance mechanism and the production of tomato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Shang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Guo Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Abid Khan
- Department of Horticulture, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan
| | - Guobin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Engineering in Northwest, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Shaanxi Protected Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Centre, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang C, Atanasov KE, Murillo E, Vives-Peris V, Zhao J, Deng C, Gómez-Cadenas A, Alcázar R. Spermine deficiency shifts the balance between jasmonic acid and salicylic acid-mediated defence responses in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3949-3970. [PMID: 37651604 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small aliphatic polycations present in all living organisms. In plants, the most abundant polyamines are putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm). Polyamine levels change in response to different pathogens, including Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). However, the regulation of polyamine metabolism and their specific contributions to defence are not fully understood. Here we report that stimulation of Put biosynthesis by Pst DC3000 is dependent on coronatine (COR) perception and jasmonic acid (JA) signalling, independently of salicylic acid (SA). Conversely, lack of Spm in spermine synthase (spms) mutant stimulated galactolipids and JA biosynthesis, and JA signalling under basal conditions and during Pst DC3000 infection, whereas compromised SA-pathway activation and defence outputs through SA-JA antagonism. The dampening of SA responses correlated with COR and Pst DC3000-inducible deregulation of ANAC019 expression and its key SA-metabolism gene targets. Spm deficiency also led to enhanced disease resistance to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and stimulated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling in response to Pst DC3000. Overall, our findings provide evidence for the integration of polyamine metabolism in JA- and SA-mediated defence responses, as well as the participation of Spm in buffering ER stress during defence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Murillo
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cuiyun Deng
- Plant Synthetic Biology and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gómez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gao S, Hou Y, Huang Q, Wu P, Han Z, Wei D, Xie H, Gu F, Chen C, Wang J. Osa-miR11117 Targets OsPAO4 to Regulate Rice Immunity against the Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16052. [PMID: 38003241 PMCID: PMC10670930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricate regulatory process governing rice immunity against the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae remains a central focus in plant-pathogen interactions. In this study, we investigated the important role of Osa-miR11117, an intergenic microRNA, in regulating rice defense mechanisms. Stem-loop qRT-PCR analysis showed that Osa-miR11117 is responsive to M. oryzae infection, and overexpression of Osa-miR11117 compromises blast resistance. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based reporter assay indicated OsPAO4 is one direct target of Osa-miR11117. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that OsPAO4 reacts to M. oryzae infection and polyamine (PA) treatment. In addition, OsPAO4 regulates rice resistance to M. oryzae through the regulation of PA accumulation and the expression of the ethylene (ETH) signaling genes. Taken together, these results suggest that Osa-miR11117 is targeting OsPAO4 to regulate blast resistance by adjusting PA metabolism and ETH signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiafeng Wang
- National Plant Space Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.G.); (Y.H.); (Q.H.); (P.W.); (Z.H.); (D.W.); (H.X.); (F.G.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang H, Gai C, Shao M, Fang L, Li X, Song Y, Zeng R, Chen D. Herbivory by Striped Stem Borer Triggers Polyamine Accumulation in Host Rice Plants to Promote Its Larval Growth. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3249. [PMID: 37765412 PMCID: PMC10534419 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous low-molecular-weight aliphatic polycations in all living organisms, which are crucial for plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses. The role of PAs in plant disease resistance has been well documented. However, their involvement in plant-pest interactions remains unclear. Here, the role of PAs in rice against striped stem borer (SSB, Chilo suppressalis Walker), a destructive pest in rice production worldwide, was investigated. SSB larval infestation led to a substantial accumulation of free putrescine (Put) in rice seedlings, which was in parallel with an elevated expression of host PA biosynthesis genes Arginine Decarboxylase1 (ADC1) and ADC2. Moreover, SSB larval oral secretion application with wounding further raised the transcripts of ADC1 and ADC2 in rice compared with wounding treatment alone. The larval growth on both rice plants and artificial diet was promoted by the exogenous application of PA and inhibited by a PA biosynthesis inhibitor. On the other hand, the rice defense responses, including polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities, as well as protease inhibitor level, were enhanced by a Put supplement and reduced by an ADC inhibitor. Our results indicate that SSB herbivory triggers polyamine accumulation in host rice plants, which is beneficial to SSB in rice-SSB interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chaoyue Gai
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Min Shao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Linzhi Fang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Shandong Branch of Sinochem Agriculture Holdings, Zibo 256304, China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Daoqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Song Y, Ren Y, Xue Y, Lu D, Yan T, He J. Putrescine (1,4-Diaminobutane) enhances antifungal activity in postharvest mango fruit against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides through direct fungicidal and induced resistance mechanisms. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 195:105581. [PMID: 37666606 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose decay caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides greatly shortens the shelf life and commercial quality of mango fruit. Putrescine (1,4-Diaminobutane) is involved in modulating plant defense to various environmental stresses. In this research, in vivo and in vitro tests were used to explore the antifungal activity and the underlying mechanism of putrescine against C. gloeosporioides in mango fruit after harvested. In vivo tests suggested that putrescine markedly delayed the occurrence of disease and limited the spots expansion on inoculated mango fruit. Further analysis exhibited that putrescine treatment enhanced disease resistance, along with enhanced activities of chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and the accumulation of lignin, flavonoid, phenolics, and anthocyanin in infected mango fruit. In addition, in vitro tests showed that putrescine exerted strongly antifungal activity against C. gloeosporioides. Putrescine induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and severe lipid peroxidation damage in C. gloeosporioides mycelia, resulting in the leakage of soluble protein, soluble sugar, nucleic acids, K+ and Ca2+ of C. gloeosporioides mycelia. The mycelium treated with putrescine showed severe deformity and shrinkage, and even cracking. Taken together, putrescine could effectively reduce the incidence rate and severity of anthracnose disease possibly through direct fungicidal effect and indirect induced resistance mechanism, thus showing great potential to be applied to disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuhao Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengyu Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyu He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang C, Atanasov KE, Alcázar R. Spermine inhibits PAMP-induced ROS and Ca2+ burst and reshapes the transcriptional landscape of PAMP-triggered immunity in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:427-442. [PMID: 36264272 PMCID: PMC9786854 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small polycationic amines whose levels increase during defense. Previous studies support the contribution of the polyamine spermine to defense responses. However, the potential contribution of spermine to pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) has not been completely established. Here, we compared the contribution of spermine and putrescine to early and late PTI responses in Arabidopsis. We found that putrescine and spermine have opposite effects on PAMP-elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, with putrescine increasing and spermine lowering the flg22-stimulated ROS burst. Through genetic and pharmacological approaches, we found that the inhibitory effect of spermine on flg22-elicited ROS production is independent of polyamine oxidation, nitric oxide, and salicylic acid signaling but resembles chemical inhibition of RBOHD (RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG D). Spermine can also suppress ROS elicited by FLS2-independent but RBOHD-dependent pathways, thus pointing to compromised RBOHD activity. Consistent with this, we found that spermine but not putrescine dampens flg22-stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ influx. Finally, we found that both polyamines differentially reshape transcriptional responses during PTI and disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Overall, we provide evidence for the differential contributions of putrescine and spermine to PTI, with an impact on plant defense.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment. Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kostadin E Atanasov
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment. Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vogelsang L, Dietz KJ. Plant thiol peroxidases as redox sensors and signal transducers in abiotic stress acclimation. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:764-778. [PMID: 36403735 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial patterns of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues decisively determine the plant acclimation response to diverse abiotic and biotic stresses. Recent progress in developing dynamic cell imaging probes provides kinetic information on changes in parameters like H2O2, glutathione (GSH/GSSG) and NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+, that play a crucial role in tuning the cellular redox state. Central to redox-based regulation is the thiol-redox regulatory network of the cell that integrates reductive information from metabolism and oxidative ROS signals. Sensitive proteomics allow for monitoring changes in redox-related posttranslational modifications. Thiol peroxidases act as sensitive peroxide and redox sensors and play a central role in this signal transduction process. Peroxiredoxins (PRX) and glutathione peroxidases (GPX) are the two main thiol peroxidases and their function in ROS sensing and redox signaling in plants is emerging at present and summarized in this review. Depending on their redox state, PRXs and GPXs act as redox-dependent binding partners, direct oxidants of target proteins and oxidants of thiol redox transmitters that in turn oxidize target proteins. With their versatile functions, the multiple isoforms of plant thiol peroxidases play a central role in plant stress acclimation, e.g. to high light or osmotic stress, but also in ROS-mediated immunity and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vogelsang
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cao X, Wen Z, Shang C, Cai X, Hou Q, Qiao G. Copper Amine Oxidase (CuAO)-Mediated Polyamine Catabolism Plays Potential Roles in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Fruit Development and Ripening. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012112. [PMID: 36292969 PMCID: PMC9603101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) play important roles in PA catabolism, plant growth and development, and abiotic stress response. In order to better understand how PA affects cherry fruit, four potential PavCuAO genes (PavCuAO1–PavCuAO4) that are dispersed over two chromosomes were identified in the sweet cherry genome. Based on phylogenetic analysis, they were classified into three subclasses. RNA-seq analysis showed that the PavCuAO genes were tissue-specific and mostly highly expressed in flowers and young leaves. Many cis-elements associated with phytohormones and stress responses were predicted in the 2 kb upstream region of the promoter. The PavCuAOs transcript levels were increased in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin 3 (GA3) treatments, as well as abiotic stresses (NaCl, PEG, and cold). Quantitative fluorescence analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography confirmed that the Put content fell, and the PavCuAO4 mRNA level rose as the sweet cherry fruit ripened. After genetically transforming Arabidopsis with PavCuAO4, the Put content in transgenic plants decreased significantly, and the expression of the ABA synthesis gene NCED was also significantly increased. At the same time, excessive H2O2 was produced in PavCuAO4 transiently expressed tobacco leaves. The above results strongly proved that PavCuAO4 can decompose Put and may promote fruit ripening by increasing the content of ABA and H2O2 while suppressing total free PA levels in the fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhuang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chunqiong Shang
- Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaowei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiandong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Guang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: or
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cai J, Aharoni A. Amino acids and their derivatives mediating defense priming and growth tradeoff. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 69:102288. [PMID: 35987012 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant response to pathogens attacks generally comes at the expense of growth. Defense priming is widely accepted as an efficient strategy used for augmenting resistance with reduced fitness in terms of growth and yield. Plant-derived small molecules, both primary as well as secondary metabolites, can function as activators to prime plant defense. Amino acids and their derivatives regulate numerous aspects of plant growth and development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. In this review, we discuss the recent progress in understanding the roles of amino acids and related molecules in defense priming and their link with plant growth. We also highlight some of the outstanding questions and provide an outlook on the prospects of 'engineering' the tradeoff between defense and growth in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Cai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Asaph Aharoni
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Urra M, Buezo J, Royo B, Cornejo A, López-Gómez P, Cerdán D, Esteban R, Martínez-Merino V, Gogorcena Y, Tavladoraki P, Moran JF. The importance of the urea cycle and its relationships to polyamine metabolism during ammonium stress in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5581-5595. [PMID: 35608836 PMCID: PMC9467648 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ornithine-urea cycle (urea cycle) makes a significant contribution to the metabolic responses of lower photosynthetic eukaryotes to episodes of high nitrogen availability. In this study, we compared the role of the plant urea cycle and its relationships to polyamine metabolism in ammonium-fed and nitrate-fed Medicago truncatula plants. High ammonium resulted in the accumulation of ammonium and pathway intermediates, particularly glutamine, arginine, ornithine, and putrescine. Arginine decarboxylase activity was decreased in roots, suggesting that the ornithine decarboxylase-dependent production of putrescine was important in situations of ammonium stress. The activity of copper amine oxidase, which releases ammonium from putrescine, was significantly decreased in both shoots and roots. In addition, physiological concentrations of ammonium inhibited copper amine oxidase activity in in vitro assays, supporting the conclusion that high ammonium accumulation favors putrescine synthesis. Moreover, early supplementation of plants with putrescine avoided ammonium toxicity. The levels of transcripts encoding urea-cycle-related proteins were increased and transcripts involved in polyamine catabolism were decreased under high ammonium concentrations. We conclude that the urea cycle and associated polyamine metabolism function as important protective mechanisms limiting ammonium toxicity in M. truncatula. These findings demonstrate the relevance of the urea cycle to polyamine metabolism in higher plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Urra
- Present address: Department of Forest Engineering, Forest Management Planning and Terrestrial Measurements, University of Transilvania, 1, Ludwig van Beethoven Str., 500123 Brașov, Romania
| | - Javier Buezo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Beatriz Royo
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cornejo
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pedro López-Gómez
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Daniel Cerdán
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Avda. de Pamplona 123, 31192 Mutilva, Spain
| | - Raquel Esteban
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena s/n, Apdo. 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Merino
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Mathematics (INAMAT2), Department of Sciences, Public University of Navarre (UPNA), Campus de Arrosadía, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yolanda Gogorcena
- Department of Pomology, Aula Dei Experimental Station, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avda. de Montañana 1005, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Putrescine: A Key Metabolite Involved in Plant Development, Tolerance and Resistance Responses to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062971. [PMID: 35328394 PMCID: PMC8955586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Putrescine (Put) is the starting point of the polyamines (PAs) pathway and the most common PA in higher plants. It is synthesized by two main pathways (from ornithine and arginine), but recently a third pathway from citrulline was reported in sesame plants. There is strong evidence that Put may play a crucial role not only in plant growth and development but also in the tolerance responses to the major stresses affecting crop production. The main strategies to investigate the involvement of PA in plant systems are based on the application of competitive inhibitors, exogenous PAs treatments, and the most efficient approaches based on mutant and transgenic plants. Thus, in this article, the recent advances in understanding the role of this metabolite in plant growth promotion and protection against abiotic and biotic stresses will be discussed to provide an overview for future research.
Collapse
|
15
|
Khan MSS, Islam F, Chen H, Chang M, Wang D, Liu F, Fu ZQ, Chen J. Transcriptional Coactivators: Driving Force of Plant Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:823937. [PMID: 35154230 PMCID: PMC8831314 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.823937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a plant defense signal that mediates local and systemic immune responses against pathogen invasion. However, the underlying mechanism of SA-mediated defense is very complex due to the involvement of various positive and negative regulators to fine-tune its signaling in diverse pathosystems. Upon pathogen infections, elevated level of SA promotes massive transcriptional reprogramming in which Non-expresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) acts as a central hub and transcriptional coactivator in defense responses. Recent findings show that Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 1 (EDS1) also functions as a transcriptional coactivator and stimulates the expression of PR1 in the presence of NPR1 and SA. Furthermore, EDS1 stabilizes NPR1 protein level, while NPR1 sustains EDS1 expression during pathogenic infection. The interaction of NPR1 and EDS1 coactivators initiates transcriptional reprogramming by recruiting cyclin-dependent kinase 8 in the Mediator complex to control immune responses. In this review, we highlight the recent breakthroughs that considerably advance our understanding on how transcriptional coactivators interact with their functional partners to trigger distinct pathways to facilitate immune responses, and how SA accumulation induces dynamic changes in NPR1 structure for transcriptional reprogramming. In addition, the functions of different Mediator subunits in SA-mediated plant immunity are also discussed in light of recent discoveries. Taken together, the available evidence suggests that transcriptional coactivators are essential and potent regulators of plant defense pathways and play crucial roles in coordinating plant immune responses during plant-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Faisal Islam
- Institute of Crop Science and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Ming Chang
- The Key Laboratory of Bio-interactions and Plant Health, College of Life Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Fengquan Liu,
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- Zheng Qing Fu,
| | - Jian Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Jian Chen,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Plant-growth-promoting Caulobacter strains isolated from distinct plant hosts share conserved genetic factors involved in beneficial plant-bacteria interactions. Arch Microbiol 2021; 204:43. [PMID: 34932160 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The genus Caulobacter encompasses several strains that can enhance the biomass of several plant species. However, for many plant-growth-promoting (PGP) Caulobacter strains, their genomic factors that facilitate positive interactions with their plant hosts remain unknown. Given that leveraging comparative genomics analyses can establish a framework to understand these plant-bacteria interactions, the genomes of three PGP Caulobacter strains that were isolated from distinct geographical locations and have been shown to associate with distinct plant species were compared. Using previously reported analyses to contextualize the genomic patterns among PGP Caulobacter strains, each of these PGP Caulobacter strains (CBR1, RHG1, and RHGG3) was observed harboring similar metabolic potentials and previously reported PGP genetic factors in their genomes. Together, these findings reinforce previous analyses that identify the cyo operon as a general PGP factor for Caulobacter strains while establishing a framework for further investigations that seek to uncover the mechanistic details that govern interactions between Caulobacter strains and diverse plant species.
Collapse
|
17
|
Jibrin MO, Liu Q, Guingab-Cagmat J, Jones JB, Garrett TJ, Zhang S. Metabolomics Insights into Chemical Convergence in Xanthomonas perforans and Metabolic Changes Following Treatment with the Small Molecule Carvacrol. Metabolites 2021; 11:879. [PMID: 34940636 PMCID: PMC8706651 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are natural chemical factories and their metabolome comprise diverse arrays of chemicals. The genus Xanthomonas comprises some of the most important plant pathogens causing devastating yield losses globally and previous studies suggested that species in the genus are untapped chemical minefields. In this study, we applied an untargeted metabolomics approach to study the metabolome of a globally spread important xanthomonad, X. perforans. The pathogen is difficult to manage, but recent studies suggest that the small molecule carvacrol was efficient in disease control. Bacterial strains were treated with carvacrol, and samples were taken at time intervals (1 and 6 h). An untreated control was also included. There were five replicates for each sample and samples were prepared for metabolomics profiling using the standard procedure. Metabolomics profiling was carried out using a thermo Q-Exactive orbitrap mass spectrometer with Dionex ultra high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) and an autosampler. Annotation of significant metabolites using the Metabolomics Standards Initiative level 2 identified an array of novel metabolites that were previously not reported in Xanthomonas perforans. These metabolites include methoxybrassinin and cyclobrassinone, which are known metabolites of brassicas; sarmentosin, a metabolite of the Passiflora-heliconiine butterfly system; and monatin, a naturally occurring sweetener found in Sclerochiton ilicifolius. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these metabolites in a microbial system. Other significant metabolites previously identified in non-Xanthomonas systems but reported in this study include maculosin; piperidine; β-carboline alkaloids, such as harman and derivatives; and several important medically relevant metabolites, such as valsartan, metharbital, pirbuterol, and ozagrel. This finding is consistent with convergent evolution found in reported biological systems. Analyses of the effect of carvacrol in time-series and associated pathways suggest that carvacrol has a global effect on the metabolome of X. perforans, showing marked changes in metabolites that are critical in energy biosynthesis and degradation pathways, amino acid pathways, nucleic acid pathways, as well as the newly identified metabolites whose pathways are unknown. This study provides the first insight into the X. perforans metabolome and additionally lays a metabolomics-guided foundation for characterization of novel metabolites and pathways in xanthomonad systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ojonuba Jibrin
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (M.O.J.); (Q.L.)
- Department of Crop Protection, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810103, Nigeria
| | - Qingchun Liu
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (M.O.J.); (Q.L.)
| | - Joy Guingab-Cagmat
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.G.-C.); (T.J.G.)
| | - Jeffrey B. Jones
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Timothy J. Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (J.G.-C.); (T.J.G.)
| | - Shouan Zhang
- Tropical Research and Education Center, IFAS, University of Florida, Homestead, FL 33031, USA; (M.O.J.); (Q.L.)
- Plant Pathology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yariuchi Y, Okamoto T, Noutoshi Y, Takahashi T. Responses of Polyamine-Metabolic Genes to Polyamines and Plant Stress Hormones in Arabidopsis Seedlings. Cells 2021; 10:3283. [PMID: 34943791 PMCID: PMC8699553 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, many of the enzymes in polyamine metabolism are encoded by multiple genes, whose expressions are differentially regulated under different physiological conditions. For comprehensive understanding of their regulation during the seedling growth stage, we examined the expression of polyamine metabolic genes in response to polyamines and stress-related plant hormones in Arabidopsis thaliana. While confirming previous findings such as induction of many of the genes by abscisic acid, induction of arginase genes and a copper amine oxidase gene, CuAOα3, by methyl jasmonate, that of an arginine decarboxylase gene, ADC2, and a spermine synthase gene, SPMS, by salicylic acid, and negative feedback regulation of thermospermine biosynthetic genes by thermospermine, our results showed that expressions of most of the genes are not responsive to exogenous polyamines. We thus examined expression of OsPAO6, which encodes an apoplastic polyamine oxidase and is strongly induced by polyamines in rice, by using the promoter-GUS fusion in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. The GUS activity was increased by treatment with methyl jasmonate but neither by polyamines nor by other plant hormones, suggesting a difference in the response to polyamines between Arabidopsis and rice. Our results provide a framework to study regulatory modules directing expression of each polyamine metabolic gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Yariuchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.O.)
| | - Yoshiteru Noutoshi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan; (Y.Y.); (T.O.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rossi FR, Gárriz A, Marina M, Pieckenstain FL. Modulation of polyamine metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana by salicylic acid. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:843-855. [PMID: 34109645 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) play important roles in plant defense against pathogens, but the regulation of PA metabolism by hormone-mediated defense signaling pathways has not been studied in depth. In this study, the modulation of PA metabolism by salicylic acid (SA) was analyzed in Arabidopsis by combining the exogenous application of this hormone with PA biosynthesis and SA synthesis/signaling mutants. SA induced notable modifications of PA metabolism, mainly consisting in putrescine (Put) accumulation both in whole-plant extracts and apoplastic fluids. Put was accumulated at the expense of increased biosynthesis by ARGININE DECARBOXYLASE 2 and decreased oxidation by copper amine oxidase. Enhancement of Put levels by SA was independent of the regulatory protein NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) and the signaling kinases MKK4 and MPK3, but depended on MPK6. However, plant infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 elicited Put accumulation in an SA-dependent way. The present study demonstrates a clear connection between SA signaling and plant PA metabolism in Arabidopsis and contributes to understanding the mechanisms by which SA modulates PA levels during plant-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco R Rossi
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Andrés Gárriz
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - María Marina
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| | - Fernando L Pieckenstain
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Universidad Nacional de General San Martín-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Chascomús, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Takács Z, Poór P, Tari I. Interaction between polyamines and ethylene in the response to salicylic acid under normal photoperiod and prolonged darkness. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:470-480. [PMID: 34419831 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The impact of salicylic acid (SA) on ethylene (ET) production and polyamine (PA) metabolism was investigated in wild type (WT) and ET receptor mutant Never ripe (Nr) tomato leaves under normal photoperiod and prolonged darkness. Nr displayed higher ET emanation compared to WT under control conditions and after SA treatments, but the ET signalling was blocked in these tissues. The accumulation of PAs was induced by 1 mM but not by 0.1 mM SA and was higher in WT than in Nr leaves. Upon 1 mM SA treatment, which caused hypersensitive response, illuminated leaves of WT showed high spermine (Spm) content in parallel with an increased expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and Spm synthase (SlSPMS) suggesting that this process depended on the light. In Nr, however, Spm content and the expression of the SlSPMS gene were very low independently of the light conditions and SA treatments. This suggests that Spm synthesis needs functional ET perception. In WT leaves 1 mM SA enhanced putrescine (Put) synthesis by increasing the expression of Put biosynthesis genes, arginine and ornithine decarboxylases under darkness, while they were down-regulated in Nr. The activities of diamine (DAO) and polyamine oxidases (PAO), however, were generally higher in Nr compared to the WT after SA treatments. In Nr both SA applications increased the expression of SlPAO1 under normal photoperiod, while SlPAO2 was down-regulated in the dark suggesting a diverse role of PAOs in PA catabolism. These results indicated that ET could modulate the SA-induced PA metabolism in light-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Takács
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary
| | - Péter Poór
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary.
| | - Irma Tari
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52., Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gerlin L, Baroukh C, Genin S. Polyamines: double agents in disease and plant immunity. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:1061-1071. [PMID: 34127368 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are ubiquitous amine molecules found in all living organisms. In plants, beside their role in signaling and protection against abiotic stresses, there is increasing evidence that PAs have a major role in the interaction between plants and pathogens. Plant PAs are involved in immunity against pathogens, notably by amplifying pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) responses through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In response, pathogens use phytotoxins and effectors to manipulate the levels of PAs in the plant, most likely to their own benefit. It also appears that pathogenic microorganisms produce PAs during infection, sometimes in large quantities. This may reflect different infectious strategies based on the selective exploitation of these molecules and the functions they perform in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Léo Gerlin
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Caroline Baroukh
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Genin
- LIPME, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, CNRS, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang X, Wu L, Wang F, Tian W, Hu X, Jin S, Zhu H. Ectopic Expression of GhSAMDC3 Enhanced Salt Tolerance Due to Accumulated Spd Content and Activation of Salt Tolerance-Related Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1144-1157. [PMID: 34165351 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2020.6064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs), especially spermidine and spermine (which are involved in various types of abiotic stress tolerance), have been reported in many plant species. In this study, we identified 14 putative S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase genes (GhSAMDC1-14) in upland cotton. Based on phylogenetic and expression analyses conducted under different abiotic stresses, we selected and transferred GhSAMDC3 into Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared to the wild type, transgenic plants displayed rapid growth and increases in average leaf area and leaf number of 52% and 36%, respectively. In transgenic plants, the germination vigor and rate were markedly enhanced under NaCl treatment, and the plant survival rate increased by 50% under 300 mM NaCl treatment. The spermidine content was significantly increased, possibly due to the synthesis of a series of PAs and oxidant and antioxidant genes, resulting in improved salinity tolerance in Arabidopsis. Various salinity resistance-related genes were upregulated in transgenic plants. Together, these results indicate that ectopic expression of GhSAMDC3 raised salinity tolerance by the accumulation of spermidine and activation of salinity tolerance-related genes in A. thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tang
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, China
| | - Lan Wu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, China
| | - Fanlong Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Wengang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Huanggang, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaguo Zhu
- College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Plant Copper Amine Oxidases: Key Players in Hormone Signaling Leading to Stress-Induced Phenotypic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105136. [PMID: 34066274 PMCID: PMC8152075 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous, low-molecular-weight aliphatic compounds, present in living organisms and essential for cell growth and differentiation. Copper amine oxidases (CuAOs) oxidize polyamines to aminoaldehydes releasing ammonium and hydrogen peroxide, which participates in the complex network of reactive oxygen species acting as signaling molecules involved in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. CuAOs have been identified and characterized in different plant species, but the most extensive study on a CuAO gene family has been carried out in Arabidopsis thaliana. Growing attention has been devoted in the last years to the investigation of the CuAO expression pattern during development and in response to an array of stress and stress-related hormones, events in which recent studies have highlighted CuAOs to play a key role by modulation of a multilevel phenotypic plasticity expression. In this review, the attention will be focused on the involvement of different AtCuAOs in the IAA/JA/ABA signal transduction pathways which mediate stress-induced phenotypic plasticity events.
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu C, Alcázar R. A new insight into the contribution of putrescine to defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1885187. [PMID: 33576705 PMCID: PMC7971264 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1885187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are known to accumulate in response to stress. Compelling evidence indicate a protective role for polyamines during defense. However, signaling pathways underlying polyamine functions have not been fully elucidated. We recently found that the polyamine putrescine (Put) accumulates during effector triggered immunity (ETI). Treatment with Put triggered local and systemic transcriptional reprogramming partly overlapping with systemic acquired resistance (SAR) responses. In addition, Put treatment led to local salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and systemic defenses against virulent bacteria. Consistent with this, we found that Put signaling is mainly ROS dependent and partly compromised by ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1), SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION DEFICIENT 2 (SID2) and NONEXPRESSOR of PR GENES1 (NPR1) loss-of-function mutations. Here, we propose a preliminary model by which putrescine contributes to local and systemic defenses in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changxin Liu
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Alcázar
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CONTACT Rubén Alcázar Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Section of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona08028, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Physiological Basis of Smut Infectivity in the Early Stages of Sugar Cane Colonization. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7010044. [PMID: 33445484 PMCID: PMC7827540 DOI: 10.3390/jof7010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar cane smut (Sporisorium scitamineum) interactions have been traditionally considered from the plant’s point of view: How can resistant sugar cane plants defend themselves against smut disease? Resistant plants induce several defensive mechanisms that oppose fungal attacks. Herein, an overall view of Sporisorium scitamineum’s mechanisms of infection and the defense mechanisms of plants are presented. Quorum sensing effects and a continuous reorganization of cytoskeletal components, where actin, myosin, and microtubules are required to work together, seem to be some of the keys to a successful attack.
Collapse
|