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JawaharJothi G, Kovilpillai B, Subramanian A, Mani JR, Kumar S, Kannan B, Mani S. Effect of tropospheric ozone and its protectants on gas exchange parameters, antioxidant enzymes and quality of Garlic (Allium sativum. L). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024; 68:991-1004. [PMID: 38528211 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to assess the detrimental effect of ground-level ozone (O3) on garlic physiology and to find out appropriate control measures against ground-level O3, at TNAU-Horticultural Research farm, Udhagamandalam. Elevated ground ozone levels significantly decreased garlic leaf chlorophyll, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total soluble solids and pungency. The garlic chlorophyll content was highest in ambient ozone level and lowest in elevated ozone@200 ppb, highest stomatal conductance was recorded in ambient ozone with foliar spray of 3%Panchagavya, and the lowest was observed in elevated ozone@200 ppb. Since the elevated O3 had reduced in garlic photosynthetic rate significantly the lowest was observed in elevated O3@200 ppb and the highest photosynthetic rate was observed in ambient Ozone with foliar spray 3% of panchagavya after a week. The antioxidant enzymes of garlic were increased with increased concentration of tropospheric ozone. The highest catalase (60.97 µg of H2O2/g of leaf) and peroxidase (9.13 ΔA/min/g of leaf) concentration was observed at 200 ppb elevated ozone level. Garlic pungency content was highest in ambient ozone with foliar spray of 0.1% ascorbic acid and the lowest was observed under elevated O3@200 ppb. Highest total soluble solids were observed in ambient ozone with foliar spray of 3%Panchagavya and the lowest observed in elevated ozone@200 ppb. Thus, tropospheric ozone has a detrimental impact on the physiology of crops, which reduced crop growth and yield. Under elevated O3 levels, ascorbic acid performed well followed by panchagavya and neem oil. The antioxidant such as catalase and peroxidase had positive correlation among themselves and had negative correlation with chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, pungency and TSS. The photosynthetic rate has high positive correlation with chlorophyll content, pungency and TSS. Correlation analysis confirmed the negative effects of tropospheric ozone and garlic gas exchange parameters and clove quality. The ozone protectants will reduce stomatal opening by which the entry of O3 in to the cell will be restricted and other hand they also will alleviate ROS and allied stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri JawaharJothi
- Division of Environment Science, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Boomiraj Kovilpillai
- Agro Climate Research Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Avudainayagam Subramanian
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sudhir Kumar
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Balaji Kannan
- Department of Physical Science and Information Technology Tamil, Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhakaran Mani
- JKK Munirajah College of Agricultural Science, Tamil Nadu, Erode dt, India
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2
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Busch FA, Ainsworth EA, Amtmann A, Cavanagh AP, Driever SM, Ferguson JN, Kromdijk J, Lawson T, Leakey ADB, Matthews JSA, Meacham-Hensold K, Vath RL, Vialet-Chabrand S, Walker BJ, Papanatsiou M. A guide to photosynthetic gas exchange measurements: Fundamental principles, best practice and potential pitfalls. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 38321805 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Gas exchange measurements enable mechanistic insights into the processes that underpin carbon and water fluxes in plant leaves which in turn inform understanding of related processes at a range of scales from individual cells to entire ecosytems. Given the importance of photosynthesis for the global climate discussion it is important to (a) foster a basic understanding of the fundamental principles underpinning the experimental methods used by the broad community, and (b) ensure best practice and correct data interpretation within the research community. In this review, we outline the biochemical and biophysical parameters of photosynthesis that can be investigated with gas exchange measurements and we provide step-by-step guidance on how to reliably measure them. We advise on best practices for using gas exchange equipment and highlight potential pitfalls in experimental design and data interpretation. The Supporting Information contains exemplary data sets, experimental protocols and data-modelling routines. This review is a community effort to equip both the experimental researcher and the data modeller with a solid understanding of the theoretical basis of gas-exchange measurements, the rationale behind different experimental protocols and the approaches to data interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian A Busch
- School of Biosciences and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Captial Territory, Australia
| | | | - Anna Amtmann
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amanda P Cavanagh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven M Driever
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - John N Ferguson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Johannes Kromdijk
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Departments of Plant Biology and Crop Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - Richard L Vath
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- LI-COR Environmental, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Silvere Vialet-Chabrand
- Department of Plant Sciences, Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Berkley J Walker
- Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria Papanatsiou
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Li S, Leakey ADB, Moller CA, Montes CM, Sacks EJ, Lee D, Ainsworth EA. Similar photosynthetic but different yield responses of C 3 and C 4 crops to elevated O 3. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2313591120. [PMID: 37948586 PMCID: PMC10655586 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313591120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The deleterious effects of ozone (O3) pollution on crop physiology, yield, and productivity are widely acknowledged. It has also been assumed that C4 crops with a carbon concentrating mechanism and greater water use efficiency are less sensitive to O3 pollution than C3 crops. This assumption has not been widely tested. Therefore, we compiled 46 journal articles and unpublished datasets that reported leaf photosynthetic and biochemical traits, plant biomass, and yield in five C3 crops (chickpea, rice, snap bean, soybean, and wheat) and four C4 crops (sorghum, maize, Miscanthus × giganteus, and switchgrass) grown under ambient and elevated O3 concentration ([O3]) in the field at free-air O3 concentration enrichment (O3-FACE) facilities over the past 20 y. When normalized by O3 exposure, C3 and C4 crops showed a similar response of leaf photosynthesis, but the reduction in chlorophyll content, fluorescence, and yield was greater in C3 crops compared with C4 crops. Additionally, inbred and hybrid lines of rice and maize showed different sensitivities to O3 exposure. This study quantitatively demonstrates that C4 crops respond less to elevated [O3] than C3 crops. This understanding could help maintain cropland productivity in an increasingly polluted atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Andrew D. B. Leakey
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Christopher A. Moller
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Christopher M. Montes
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Erik J. Sacks
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - DoKyoung Lee
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, IL61801
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Tejera M, Boersma NN, Archontoulis SV, Miguez FE, VanLoocke A, Heaton EA. Photosynthetic decline in aging perennial grass is not fully explained by leaf nitrogen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7582-7595. [PMID: 36194426 PMCID: PMC9730795 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging in perennial plants is traditionally observed in terms of changes in end-of-season biomass; however, the driving phenological and physiological changes are poorly understood. We found that 3-year-old (mature) stands of the perennial grass Miscanthus×giganteus had 19-30% lower Anet than 1-year-old M.×giganteus (juvenile) stands; 10-34% lower maximum carboxylation rates of Rubisco and 34% lower light-saturated Anet (Asat). These changes could be related to nitrogen (N) limitations, as mature plants were larger and had 14-34% lower leaf N on an area basis (Na) than juveniles. However, N fertilization restored Na to juvenile levels but compensated only 50% of the observed decline in leaf photosynthesis with age. Comparison of leaf photosynthesis per unit of leaf N (PNUE) showed that mature stands had at least 26% lower PNUE than juvenile stands across all N fertilization rates, suggesting that other factors, besides N, may be limiting photosynthesis in mature stands. We hypothesize that sink limitations in mature stands could be causing feedback inhibition of photosynthesis which is associated with the age-related decline in photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Tejera
- Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nicholas N Boersma
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Andy VanLoocke
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Urbana, IL, USA
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Li S, Moller CA, Mitchell NG, Martin DG, Sacks EJ, Saikia S, Labonte NR, Baldwin BS, Morrison JI, Ferguson JN, Leakey ADB, Ainsworth EA. The leaf economics spectrum of triploid and tetraploid C 4 grass Miscanthus x giganteus. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3462-3475. [PMID: 36098093 PMCID: PMC9825850 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The leaf economics spectrum (LES) describes multivariate correlations in leaf structural, physiological and chemical traits, originally based on diverse C3 species grown under natural ecosystems. However, the specific contribution of C4 species to the global LES is studied less widely. C4 species have a CO2 concentrating mechanism which drives high rates of photosynthesis and improves resource use efficiency, thus potentially pushing them towards the edge of the LES. Here, we measured foliage morphology, structure, photosynthesis, and nutrient content for hundreds of genotypes of the C4 grass Miscanthus× giganteus grown in two common gardens over two seasons. We show substantial trait variations across M.× giganteus genotypes and robust genotypic trait relationships. Compared to the global LES, M.× giganteus genotypes had higher photosynthetic rates, lower stomatal conductance, and less nitrogen content, indicating greater water and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in the C4 species. Additionally, tetraploid genotypes produced thicker leaves with greater leaf mass per area and lower leaf density than triploid genotypes. By expanding the LES relationships across C3 species to include C4 crops, these findings highlight that M.× giganteus occupies the boundary of the global LES and suggest the potential for ploidy to alter LES traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignIllinoisUrbanaUSA
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and EnvironmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Christopher A. Moller
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignIllinoisUrbanaUSA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARSUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Noah G. Mitchell
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignIllinoisUrbanaUSA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARSUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Duncan G. Martin
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Erik J. Sacks
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Sampurna Saikia
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Nicholas R. Labonte
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Brian S. Baldwin
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
| | - Jesse I. Morrison
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
| | - John N. Ferguson
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignIllinoisUrbanaUSA
- Department of Plant SciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Andrew D. B. Leakey
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignIllinoisUrbanaUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignIllinoisUrbanaUSA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA ARSUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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6
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Ding R, Xie J, Mayfield‐Jones D, Zhang Y, Kang S, Leakey ADB. Plasticity in stomatal behaviour across a gradient of water supply is consistent among field-grown maize inbred lines with varying stomatal patterning. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:2324-2336. [PMID: 35590441 PMCID: PMC9541397 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stomata regulate leaf CO2 assimilation (A) and water loss. The Ball-Berry and Medlyn models predict stomatal conductance (gs ) with a slope parameter (m or g1 ) that reflects the sensitivity of gs to A, atmospheric CO2 and humidity, and is inversely related to water use efficiency (WUE). This study addressed knowledge gaps about what the values of m and g1 are in C4 crops under field conditions, as well as how they vary among genotypes and with drought stress. Four inbred maize genotypes were unexpectedly consistent in how m and g1 decreased as water supply decreased. This was despite genotypic variation in stomatal patterning, A and gs . m and g1 were strongly correlated with soil water content, moderately correlated with predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd ), but not correlated with midday leaf water potential (Ψmd ). This implied that m and g1 respond to long-term water supply more than short-term drought stress. The conserved nature of m and g1 across anatomically diverse genotypes and water supplies suggests there is flexibility in structure-function relationships underpinning WUE. This evidence can guide the simulation of maize gs across a range of water supply in the primary maize growing region and inform efforts to improve WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng Ding
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis AgricultureChina Agricultural UniversityWuweiGansuChina
| | - Jiayang Xie
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Dustin Mayfield‐Jones
- Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Yanqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, Department of Irrigation and DrainageChina Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijingChina
| | - Shaozhong Kang
- Center for Agricultural Water Research in ChinaChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station on Efficient Water Use of Oasis AgricultureChina Agricultural UniversityWuweiGansuChina
| | - Andrew D. B. Leakey
- Department of Crop SciencesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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7
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Li S, Moller CA, Mitchell NG, Lee D, Sacks EJ, Ainsworth EA. Testing unified theories for ozone response in C 4 species. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3379-3393. [PMID: 35092127 PMCID: PMC9304132 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
There is tremendous interspecific variability in O3 sensitivity among C3 species, but variation among C4 species has been less clearly documented. It is also unclear whether stomatal conductance and leaf structure such as leaf mass per area (LMA) determine the variation in sensitivity to O3 across species. In this study, we investigated leaf morphological, chemical, and photosynthetic responses of 22 genotypes of four C4 bioenergy species (switchgrass, sorghum, maize, and miscanthus) to elevated O3 in side-by-side field experiments using free-air O3 concentration enrichment (FACE). The C4 species varied largely in leaf morphology, physiology, and nutrient composition. Elevated O3 did not alter leaf morphology, nutrient content, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, and respiration in most genotypes but reduced net CO2 assimilation in maize and photosynthetic capacity in sorghum and maize. Species with lower LMA and higher stomatal conductance tended to show greater losses in photosynthetic rate and capacity in elevated O3 compared with species with higher LMA and lower stomatal conductance. Stomatal conductance was the strongest determinant of leaf photosynthetic rate and capacity. The response of both area- and mass-based leaf photosynthetic rate and capacity to elevated O3 were not affected by LMA directly but negatively influenced by LMA indirectly through stomatal conductance. These results demonstrate that there is significant variation in O3 sensitivity among C4 species with maize and sorghum showing greater sensitivity of photosynthesis to O3 than switchgrass and miscanthus. Interspecific variation in O3 sensitivity was determined by direct effects of stomatal conductance and indirect effects of LMA. This is the first study to provide a test of unifying theories explaining variation in O3 sensitivity in C4 bioenergy grasses. These findings advance understanding of O3 tolerance in C4 grasses and could aid in optimal placement of diverse C4 bioenergy feedstock across a polluted landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and EnvironmentUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Christopher A. Moller
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA ARSUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Noah G. Mitchell
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA ARSUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - DoKyoung Lee
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Erik J. Sacks
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
- Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts InnovationUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIllinoisUSA
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research UnitUSDA ARSUrbanaIllinoisUSA
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8
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Clark TJ, Schwender J. Elucidation of Triacylglycerol Overproduction in the C 4 Bioenergy Crop Sorghum bicolor by Constraint-Based Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:787265. [PMID: 35251073 PMCID: PMC8892208 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.787265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Upregulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in vegetative plant tissues such as leaves has the potential to drastically increase the energy density and biomass yield of bioenergy crops. In this context, constraint-based analysis has the promise to improve metabolic engineering strategies. Here we present a core metabolism model for the C4 biomass crop Sorghum bicolor (iTJC1414) along with a minimal model for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, sucrose and TAG biosynthesis in C3 plants. Extending iTJC1414 to a four-cell diel model we simulate C4 photosynthesis in mature leaves with the principal photo-assimilatory product being replaced by TAG produced at different levels. Independent of specific pathways and per unit carbon assimilated, energy content and biosynthetic demands in reducing equivalents are about 1.3 to 1.4 times higher for TAG than for sucrose. For plant generic pathways, ATP- and NADPH-demands per CO2 assimilated are higher by 1.3- and 1.5-fold, respectively. If the photosynthetic supply in ATP and NADPH in iTJC1414 is adjusted to be balanced for sucrose as the sole photo-assimilatory product, overproduction of TAG is predicted to cause a substantial surplus in photosynthetic ATP. This means that if TAG synthesis was the sole photo-assimilatory process, there could be an energy imbalance that might impede the process. Adjusting iTJC1414 to a photo-assimilatory rate that approximates field conditions, we predict possible daily rates of TAG accumulation, dependent on varying ratios of carbon partitioning between exported assimilates and accumulated oil droplets (TAG, oleosin) and in dependence of activation of futile cycles of TAG synthesis and degradation. We find that, based on the capacity of leaves for photosynthetic synthesis of exported assimilates, mature leaves should be able to reach a 20% level of TAG per dry weight within one month if only 5% of the photosynthetic net assimilation can be allocated into oil droplets. From this we conclude that high TAG levels should be achievable if TAG synthesis is induced only during a final phase of the plant life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J. Clark
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
| | - Jorg Schwender
- Biology Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, United States
- Department of Energy Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, Upton, NY, United States
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9
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Montes CM, Demler HJ, Li S, Martin DG, Ainsworth EA. Approaches to investigate crop responses to ozone pollution: from O 3 -FACE to satellite-enabled modeling. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:432-446. [PMID: 34555243 PMCID: PMC9293421 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3 ) is a damaging air pollutant to crops. As one of the most reactive oxidants known, O3 rapidly forms other reactive oxygen species (ROS) once it enters leaves through stomata. Those ROS in turn can cause oxidative stress, reduce photosynthesis, accelerate senescence, and decrease crop yield. To improve and adapt our feed, fuel, and food supply to rising O3 pollution, a number of Free Air Concentration Enrichment (O3 -FACE) facilities have been developed around the world and have studied key staple crops. In this review, we provide an overview of the FACE facilities and highlight some of the lessons learned from the last two decades of research. We discuss the differences between C3 and C4 crop responses to elevated O3 , the possible trade-off between productivity and protection, genetic variation in O3 response within and across species, and how we might leverage this observed variation for crop improvement. We also highlight the need to improve understanding of the interaction between rising O3 pollution and other aspects of climate change, notably drought. Finally, we propose the use of globally modeled O3 data that are available at increasing spatial and temporal resolutions to expand upon the research conducted at the limited number of global O3 -FACE facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Montes
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit1201 W. Gregory DriveUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Hannah J. Demler
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Shuai Li
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Duncan G. Martin
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit1201 W. Gregory DriveUrbanaIL61801USA
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation and Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
- Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana‐ChampaignUrbanaIL61801USA
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