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Abati S, Sandri GF, Finotello L, Polizzi E. Differential Diagnosis of Pigmented Lesions in the Oral Mucosa: A Clinical Based Overview and Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2487. [PMID: 39001549 PMCID: PMC11240708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper examines the clinical differentiation of pigmented lesions in the oral mucosa, which poses significant diagnostic challenges across dental and medical disciplines due to their spectrum from benign to potentially malignant conditions. Through a literature review and analysis of clinical cases, this study clarifies current diagnostic methodologies, with an emphasis on differential diagnosis, to provide a practical guide for clinicians. The classification of pigmented lesions, such as endogenous, focal melanocytic, and multifocal pigmentation, based on clinical and histological features, highlights the necessity for a structured and informed approach. A retrospective examination of cases from our oral medicine and pathology clinic, coupled with analysis of photographic and histological records, aids in classifying these lesions. This fosters a better understanding and promotes informed discussions among clinicians, ultimately aiming to enhance early and precise diagnosis, thus improving patient management and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Abati
- Clinical Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Francesco Sandri
- Clinical Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Finotello
- Clinical Unit of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Polizzi
- Center for Oral Hygiene and Prevention, Dental School, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
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2
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Luo S, Li Z, Wang M, Liu Z, Wang D, Bai Y, Ge H, Yu Y, Yu Y, Chen W, Wang Y, Zhang C, Yu J, Song C, Lv C, Zhen Q, Han Y, Sun L. Genome wide association study and meta-analysis identified multiple new risk loci for freckles in 4813 Chinese individuals. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 38970458 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Freckle is a prevalent pigmentary dermatosis with an obvious hereditary component. Dozens of freckles risk loci have been discovered through research on multiple traits or other diseases, rather than as an independent trait. To discover novel variants associated with freckles, we performed GWAS and meta-analysis in 4813 Chinese individuals. We conducted GWAS and meta-analysis of two cohorts: 197 patients and 1603 controls (Cohort I), and 336 patients and 2677 controls (Cohort II), both from China. Then we performed linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis, eQTL study, and enrichment analysis with association results for functional implications. Finally, we discovered 59 new SNPs and 13 novel susceptibility genes associated with freckles (Pmeta <5 × 10-8), which has enriched the genetic research on freckles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Minhao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Zhili Liu
- Dalian Dermatosis Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Daiyue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yuanming Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Huiyao Ge
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yafen Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yanxia Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Yirui Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | - Can Song
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
| | | | - Qi Zhen
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - Yang Han
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, China
- North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital Tangshan, Tangshan, China
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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3
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Yeşiltaş YS, Zhou M, Zabor EC, Oakey Z, Singh N, Sedaghat A, Yeaney G, Singh AD. Iris freckle: a distinct entity. Br J Ophthalmol 2024:bjo-2023-325009. [PMID: 38802168 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-325009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report distinctive clinical and imaging features of iris freckles to differentiate them from iris nevi. DESIGN Retrospective observational study. SUBJECTS 53 patients (277 freckles) with incidental iris freckles and 102 patients (104 nevi) with iris nevi that are either clinically stable or pathologically confirmed. METHODS Patient data were collected from the Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cole Eye Institute database (2012-2023). Lesion characteristics were recorded from slit-lamp examination descriptions and review of colour photographs. Ancillary imaging features observed using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) were assessed in patients (where available). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of clinical and imaging features of iris freckles and iris nevi. RESULTS A total of 277 iris freckles and 104 iris nevi were analysed. Iris freckles were more frequently bilateral (17%; nevi 0%) and multiple (69%; nevi 2%) and located centrally (89%; nevi 17%) compared with iris nevi (p<0.001). The median freckle largest basal diameter and thickness were 0.8 mm (nevi; 2.1 mm, p<0.001) and 0.04 mm (nevi 1.0 mm, p<0.001), respectively. All iris freckles had irregular margins without any secondary effects compared with iris nevi. Iris freckles appeared flat without effacement of iris folds compared with iris nevi on AS-OCT (p<0.001). Iris freckles were not detectable by UBM. Heat map revealed that freckles demonstrated several features with uniform or near uniform values, whereas nevi demonstrated more variability in values across features. CONCLUSIONS Iris freckles exhibit specific clinical and imaging features reflective of their characteristic histological composition that support their classification as a distinct entity within the spectrum of iris pigmented lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yağmur Seda Yeşiltaş
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Millennia Zhou
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily C Zabor
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zackery Oakey
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hoag Memorial Presbyterian Hospital, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Nakul Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins Medicine Wilmer Eye Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ahad Sedaghat
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gabrielle Yeaney
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arun D Singh
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, Cleveland Clinic Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Yang X, Xia Z, Fan Y, Xie Y, Ge G, Lang D, Ao J, Yue D, Wu J, Chen T, Zou Y, Zhang M, Yang R. Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Diagnostic Biomarkers and Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics of Solar Lentigines. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2024; 17:79-88. [PMID: 38230305 PMCID: PMC10790640 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s439655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Background Solar lentigines (SLs), serving as a prevalent characteristic of skin photoaging, present as cutaneous aberrant pigmentation. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains unclear and there is a dearth of reliable diagnostic biomarkers. Objective The aim of this study was to identify diagnostic biomarkers for SLs and reveal its immunological features. Methods In this study, gene expression profiling datasets (GSE192564 and GSE192565) of SLs were obtained from the GEO database. The GSE192564 was used as the training group for screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and subsequent depth analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to explore the biological states associated with SLs. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify the significant modules and hub genes. Then, the feature genes were further screened by the overlapping of hub genes and up-regulated differential genes. Subsequently, an artificial neural network was constructed for identifying SLs samples. The GSE192565 was used as the test group for validation of feature genes expression level and the model's classification performance. Furthermore, we conducted immune cell infiltration analysis to reveal the immune infiltration landscape of SLs. Results The 9 feature genes were identified as diagnostic biomarkers for SLs in this study. And an artificial neural network based on diagnostic biomarkers was successfully constructed for identification of SLs. GSEA highlighted potential role of immune system in pathogenesis of SLs. SLs samples had a higher proportion of several immune cells, including activated CD8 T cell, dendritic cell, myeloid-derived suppressor cell and so on. And diagnostic biomarkers exhibited a strong relationship with the infiltration of most immune cells. Conclusion Our study identified diagnostic biomarkers for SLs and explored its immunological features, enhancing the comprehension of its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhikuan Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunlong Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yitong Xie
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Ge
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dexiu Lang
- Department of Dermatology, XingYi People’s Hospital, Xingyi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhong Ao
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danxia Yue
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiamin Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuekun Zou
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingwang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongya Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, People’s Republic of China
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Drexler K, Zenderowski V, Schreieder L, Koschitzki K, Karrer S, Berneburg M, Haferkamp S, Niebel D. Subtypes of Melanomas Associated with Different Degrees of Actinic Elastosis in Conventional Histology, Irrespective of Age and Body Site, Suggesting Chronic Ultraviolet Light Exposure as Driver for Lentigo Maligna Melanoma and Nodular Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:1. [PMID: 38201430 PMCID: PMC10778567 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and sunburns are associated with an increased incidence of acquired nevi and melanomas. However, the data are controversial as to whether chronic UV exposure or high intermittent UV exposure is the major carcinogenic factor in melanocytic tumors. In this study, we compared the degree of actinic elastosis (AE) as a surrogate for lifetime UV exposure in nevi and different clinical melanoma subtypes (i.e., superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), nodular malignant melanoma (NMM), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM)) with respect to clinical variables (age, sex, and body site). (2) Methods: We defined a semi-quantitative score for the degree of AE ranging from 0 = none to 3 = total loss of elastic fibers (basophilic degeneration) and multiplied it by the perilesional vertical extent (depth), measured histometrically (tumor-associated elastosis grade (TEG)). We matched the TEG of n = 595 melanocytic lesions from 559 patients with their clinical variables. (3) Results: The TEG was correlated with age and UV-exposed body sites. Furthermore, the TEG was significantly higher in LMM than in all other types of melanomas and the TEG in NMM was higher than in SSM, irrespective of patient age and tumor site. (4) Conclusions: High cumulative UV exposure is more strongly associated with LMM and NMM than with other melanoma subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Drexler
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany (L.S.); (K.K.); (S.K.); (M.B.); (S.H.); (D.N.)
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6
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Yan C, Xing M, Zhang S, Gao Y. Clinical Development and Evaluation of a Multi-Component Dissolving Microneedle Patch for Skin Pigmentation Disorders. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3296. [PMID: 37571190 PMCID: PMC10422440 DOI: 10.3390/polym15153296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive melanin deposition in the skin leads to various skin pigmentation diseases, such as chloasma and age spots. The deposition is induced by several factors, including tyrosinase activities and ultraviolet-induced oxidative stress. Herein, we propose a multi-component, multi-pathway drug combination, with glabridin, 3-O-ethyl-L-ascorbic acid, and tranexamic acid employed as, respectively, a tyrosinase inhibitor, an antioxidant, and a melanin transmission inhibitor. Considering the poor skin permeability associated with topical application, dissolving microneedles (MNs) prepared with hyaluronic acid/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) were developed to load the drug combination. The drug-loaded microneedles (DMNs) presented outstanding skin insertion, dissolution, and drug delivery properties. In vitro experiments confirmed that DMNs loaded with active ingredients had significant antioxidant and inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, the production of melanin both in melanoma cells (B16-F10) and in zebrafish was directly reduced after using DMNs. Clinical studies demonstrated the DMNs' safety and showed that they have the ability to effectively reduce chloasma and age spots. This study indicated that a complex DMN based on a multifunctional combination is a valuable depigmentation product worthy of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mengzhen Xing
- Key Laboratory of New Material Research Institute, Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China;
| | - Suohui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Beijing CAS Microneedle Technology Ltd., Beijing 102609, China
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7
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Abstract
Disorders of hyperpigmentation are common and challenging conditions which can arise due to a myriad of etiologic factors. Many of them can present across skin types but are more common in skin of color individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types III-VI. Facial hyperpigmentation, in particular, can have a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals due to its increased visibility. This article provides a comprehensive review of disorders of facial hyperpigmentation including epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic considerations, and treatment approaches for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Syder
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 830 South Flower Street, Suite 100, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA
| | - Claudia Quarshie
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 830 South Flower Street, Suite 100, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA
| | - Nada Elbuluk
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 830 South Flower Street, Suite 100, Los Angeles, CA 90017, USA.
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8
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Goncalves K, De Los Santos Gomez P, Costello L, Smith L, Mead H, Simpson A, Przyborski S. Investigation into the effect of skin tone modulators and exogenous stress on skin pigmentation utilizing a novel bioengineered skin equivalent. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10415. [PMID: 36925688 PMCID: PMC10013773 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin equivalents (HSEs) are a popular technology due to limitations in animal testing, particularly as they recapitulate aspects of structure and function of human skin. Many HSEs contain two basic cell types to model dermal and epidermal compartments, however this limits their application, particularly when investigating the effect of exogenous stressors on skin health. We describe the development of a novel platform technology that accurately replicates skin pigmentation in vitro. Through incorporation of melanocytes, specialized pigment producing cells, into the basal layer of the epidermis we are able to re-create skin pigmentation in vitro. We observe apical distribution of melanin within keratinocytes and formation of supranuclear caps (SPNCs), only when the epidermal compartment is co-cultured with a dermal compartment, leading to the conclusion that fibroblast support is essential for correct pigment organization. We also evaluate the commonly observed phenomenon that pigmentation darkens with time in vitro, which we further explore through mechanical exfoliation to remove a build-up of melanin deposits in the stratum corneum. Finally, we demonstrate the application of a pigmented HSE to investigate drug modulation of skin tone and protection from UV-induced damage, highlighting the importance of such a model in the wider context of skin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucy Smith
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
| | - Hugh Mead
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
| | - Amy Simpson
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences Durham University Durham UK.,Reprocell Europe Ltd Glasgow UK
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9
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Wang RF, Ko D, Friedman BJ, Lim HW, Mohammad TF. Disorders of hyperpigmentation. Part I. Pathogenesis and clinical features of common pigmentary disorders. J Am Acad Dermatol 2023; 88:271-288. [PMID: 35151757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Disorders of hyperpigmentation are common and, depending on the extent and location of involvement, can affect the quality of life and pose a significant psychologic burden for patients. Given the similarities in presentation of the various causes of hyperpigmentation, it is often difficult to elucidate the etiology of these conditions, which is important to guide management. Furthermore, certain disorders, such as lichen planus pigmentosus and ashy dermatosis, have similar clinical and/or histologic presentations, and their classification as distinct entities has been debated upon, leading to additional confusion. In this review, the authors selected commonly encountered disorders of hyperpigmentation of the skin, subdivided into epidermal, dermal, or mixed epidermal-dermal disorders based on the location of pigment deposition, along with disorders of hyperpigmentation of the mucosa and nails. Melanocytic nevi, genetic disorders, and systemic causes of hyperpigmentation were largely excluded and considered to be outside the scope of this review. We discussed the pathogenesis of hyperpigmentation as well as the clinical and histologic features of these conditions, along with challenges encountered in their diagnosis and classification. The second article in this 2-part continuing medical education series focuses on the medical and procedural treatments of hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca F Wang
- From the Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Dayoung Ko
- From the Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ben J Friedman
- From the Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Henry W Lim
- From the Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Tasneem F Mohammad
- From the Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
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10
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An Optimization-Based Technology Applied for Face Skin Symptom Detection. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122396. [PMID: 36553920 PMCID: PMC9778148 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Face recognition segmentation is very important for symptom detection, especially in the case of complex image backgrounds or noise. The complexity of the photo background, the clarity of the facial expressions, or the interference of other people's faces can increase the difficulty of detection. Therefore, in this paper, we have proposed a method to combine mask region-based convolutional neural networks (Mask R-CNN) with you only look once version 4 (YOLOv4) to identify facial symptoms by this new method. We use the face image dataset from the public image databases DermNet and Freepic as the training source for the model. Face segmentation was first applied with Mask R-CNN. Then the images were imported into ResNet-101, and the facial features were fused with region of interest (RoI) in the feature pyramid networks (FPN) structures. After removing the non-face features and noise, the face region has been accurately obtained. Next, the recognized face area and RoI data were used to identify facial symptoms (acne, freckle, and wrinkles) with YOLOv4. Finally, we use Mask R-CNN, and you only look once version 3 (YOLOv3) and YOLOv4 are matched to perform the performance analysis. Although, the facial images with symptoms are relatively few. We still use a limited amount of data to train the model. The experimental results show that our proposed method still achieves 57.73%, 60.38%, and 59.75% of mean average precision (mAP) for different amounts of data. Compared with other methods, the mAP was more than about 3%. Consequently, using the method proposed in this paper, facial symptoms can be effectively and accurately identified.
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11
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Liu F, Qu L, Li H, He J, Wang L, Fang Y, Yan X, Yang Q, Peng B, Wu W, Jin L, Sun D. Advances in Biomedical Functions of Natural Whitening Substances in the Treatment of Skin Pigmentation Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2308. [PMID: 36365128 PMCID: PMC9697978 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigmentation diseases can lead to significant color differences between the affected part and the normal part, resulting in severe psychological and emotional distress among patients. The treatment of pigmentation diseases with good patient compliance is mainly in the form of topical drugs. However, conventional hydroquinone therapy contributes to several pathological conditions, such as erythema, dryness, and skin desquamation, and requires a longer treatment time to show significant results. To address these shortcomings, natural whitening substances represented by kojic acid and arbutin have gradually become the candidate ingredients of traditional local preparations due to their excellent biological safety. This review focuses on several natural whitening substances with potential therapeutic effects in pigmentation disease and their mechanisms, and a thorough discussion has been conducted into the solution methods for the challenges involved in the practical application of natural whitening substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Linkai Qu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- College of Life Sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Jiaxuan He
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yimeng Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yan
- Chinese–American Research Institute for Diabetic Complications, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Libo Jin
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
- Wenzhou City and Kunlong Technology Co., Ltd. Joint Doctoral Innovation Station, Wenzhou Association for Science and Technology, Wenzhou 325000, China
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12
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Laser treatment of benign melanocytic lesion: a review. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3353-3362. [PMID: 36097230 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of pigmented lesions is one of the major challenges of laser and cosmetic practitioners. The most common pigmented lesions that are treated by lasers are melanocytic nevi, ephelides, solar lentigines, and café au lait macules. Melanin absorbs different wavelengths (500-1100 nm); thereby, treatment of various pigmented lesions requires the application of lasers with different wavelengths. Choosing the most appropriate type of laser depends on various factors such as the chromophore and the location of a specific lesion in the skin. In this paper, we aim to review the most efficient laser treatment protocols for each pigmented skin lesion and compare their efficacy in each part based on the previous studies.
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13
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Fridman C, Ferreira MA, Marano LA, Forlenza BS. Analysis of genetic polymorphisms associated with the presence of freckles for phenotypic prediction. FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL GENETICS SUPPLEMENT SERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Katsuyama Y, Hiyama K, Sawamura A, Kawase I, Okano Y, Masaki H. Pyridoxine Has a Potential to Prevent the Appearance of Pigmented Spots: Effects on the Phagocytosis and Differentiation of Keratinocytes. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1378-1384. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Hakozaki T, Jarrold B, Zhao W, Laughlin T, Whittenbarger D, Jewell‐Motz EA, Boissy RE. Morphological and transcriptional evaluation of multiple facial cutaneous hyperpigmented spots. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2022; 2:e96. [PMID: 35677918 PMCID: PMC9168023 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Morphological characteristics of major facial hyperpigmented spots have been well documented. However, detailed alterations of respective transcriptional profile for each spot and in-depth comparisons across multiple spot types have not been reported. Objectives To comprehensively assess and compare multiple facial hyperpigmented spot types at the morphological and molecular levels by utilising transcriptional expression profiling with correlation to quantified histological features. Methods Multiple types of facial spot biopsies were collected from Chinese women and compared to additional biopsies taken from adjacent healthy skin. The types of spots included Solar Lentigos with both elongated dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ) (SL[E]) and flat DEJ (SL[F]), Seborrhoeic Keratosis (SK), Melasma, Freckles, Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation of resolving acne (PIH[A]) and other stimuli (PIH[O]). Combined histomorphometry, immunohistology, and transcriptome analysis for suprabasal-epidermis, basal-epidermis, and dermal compartments dissected by Laser Capture Microdissection (LCM) were conducted and compared across different spot types. Results Each spot type was confirmed to have the unique histological pathology already documented elsewhere. Most of the spot types except Melasma and PIH (A) revealed similar melanocyte density to adjacent skin. All spots exhibited increased melanin synthesis, melanosome transportation, as well as enhanced melanocyte dendricity, however, each spot revealed a distinct transcriptome regulation pattern in pigmentation pathways. Upregulation of pigmentation genes was also observed in the dermis of SL(F), SL(E), SK and PIH(O), associated with significant modulation of DEJ related genes in basal-epidermis and/or dermal compartments, suggesting potential melanocyte infiltration into the dermis due to impaired DEJ quality. Beyond upregulated pigmentation, for most spots, gene expression in the suprabasal-epidermis regulating keratinisation was significantly upregulated in conjunction with thickened stratum corneum. Furthermore, downregulation of tight junction related genes represented by claudin-1 was observed in majority of spot types, suggesting compromised barrier function could be a similarity across spots. Additionally, Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) was upregulated in all types of spots, indicating involvement of cell senescence as a common theme. Conclusion This comprehensive and comparative study based on the histological and transcriptional analysis of three skin compartments provided unique insights into specific causations as well as differences and similarities across multiple hyperpigmented spot types.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hakozaki
- The Procter & Gamble CompanyMason Business CenterMasonOhioUSA
| | - B. Jarrold
- The Procter & Gamble CompanyMason Business CenterMasonOhioUSA
| | - W. Zhao
- The Procter & Gamble CompanyMason Business CenterMasonOhioUSA
| | - T. Laughlin
- The Procter & Gamble CompanyMason Business CenterMasonOhioUSA
| | | | | | - R. E. Boissy
- Department of DermatologyCollege of MedicineUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhioUSA
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16
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Zhou Y, Zeng HL, Wen XY, Jiang L, Fu CH, Hu YB, Lei XX, Zhang L, Yu X, Yang SY, Huang LH, Xiang H, Huang JH, Chen J, Lei L, Zeng QH. Selaginellin Inhibits Melanogenesis via the MAPK Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 85:838-845. [PMID: 35290062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmented skin diseases such as melasma, freckles, and melanosis usually mar the appearance of patients. Traditional herbal medicines are highly accepted in inhibiting skin pigmentation, with advantages of high efficiency, low cost, and low side effects. Selaginellin (SEL), one of the active compounds of selaginella, has been proved to be exhibit antineoplastic, antioxidant, antisenescence, and antiapoptosis activities. In this study, we found that SEL can inhibit melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo. A mechanism study found that SEL inhibits melanogenesis through inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, then down-regulating the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and downstream genes tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2). UVB-activated paracrine function of fibroblasts and keratinocytes promotes melanogenesis of melanocytes. Interestingly, SEL antagonizes UVB-activated paracrine function of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. These findings indicate that SEL can be a potential whitening compound to inhibit melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hong-Liang Zeng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 8 Yuehua Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, No. 8 Yuehua Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Chu-Han Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Yi-Bo Hu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xin-Xin Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Si-Yu Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li-Hua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jin-Hua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Qing-Hai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 138 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, China
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17
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Han G, Kim H, Kim DE, Ahn Y, Kim J, Jang YJ, Kim K, Yang Y, Kim SH. The Potential of Bovine Colostrum-Derived Exosomes to Repair Aged and Damaged Skin Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020307. [PMID: 35214040 PMCID: PMC8877896 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the potentially beneficial effects of bovine colostrum-derived exosomes on UV-induced aging and damage in three major resident skin cells including keratinocytes, melanocytes, and fibroblasts. The treatment with colostrum exosomes prevented the UV-induced generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species in epidermal keratinocytes. In UV-stimulated melanocytes, colostrum exosomes could also significantly reduce the production of the protective skin-darkening pigment melanin, which may help to reduce the risk of excessive melanin formation causing skin hyperpigmentation disorders. In the human dermal fibroblasts treated with colostrum exosomes, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases was suppressed, whereas increased cell proliferation was accompanied by enhanced production of collagen, a major extracellular matrix component of skin. Taken together, our findings indicate that bovine colostrum-derived exosomes having excellent structural and functional stability offer great potential as natural therapeutic agents to repair UV-irradiated skin aging and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonhee Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul 02841, Korea; (G.H.); (K.K.)
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Hyosuk Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Da Eun Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (D.E.K.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Yeonjoo Ahn
- Dayone Clinic, Seoul 06612, Korea; (Y.A.); (J.K.)
| | - Joongsoo Kim
- Dayone Clinic, Seoul 06612, Korea; (Y.A.); (J.K.)
| | | | - Kwangmeyung Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seoul 02841, Korea; (G.H.); (K.K.)
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (D.E.K.)
| | - Yoosoo Yang
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (D.E.K.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (S.H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-958-6639 (S.H.K.); Fax: +82-2-958-5909 (S.H.K.)
| | - Sun Hwa Kim
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoul 02792, Korea; (H.K.); (D.E.K.)
- Correspondence: (Y.Y.); (S.H.K.); Tel.: +82-2-958-6639 (S.H.K.); Fax: +82-2-958-5909 (S.H.K.)
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Milk Exosome-Derived MicroRNA-2478 Suppresses Melanogenesis through the Akt-GSK3β Pathway. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112848. [PMID: 34831071 PMCID: PMC8616206 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes participate in intercellular communication by transferring molecules from donor to recipient cells. Exosomes are found in various body fluids, including blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and milk. Milk exosomes contain many endogenous microRNA molecules. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs and have important roles in biological processes. The specific biological functions of milk exosomes are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of milk exosomes on melanin production in melanoma cells and melanocytes. We found that milk exosomes decreased melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and the expression of melanogenesis-related genes in melanoma cells and melanocytes. Bovine-specific miR-2478 in exosomes inhibited melanin production. We found that Rap1a is a direct target gene of miR-2478 in melanoma cells and melanocytes. MiR-2478 overexpression decreased Rap1a expression, which led to downregulated melanin production and expression of melanogenesis-related genes. Inhibition of Rap1a expression decreased melanogenesis through the Akt-GSK3β signal pathway. These results support the role of miR-2478 derived from milk exosomes as a regulator of melanogenesis through direct targeting of Rap1a. These results show that milk exosomes could be useful cosmeceutical ingredients to improve whitening.
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19
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Wu PJ, Chen ST, Liao YH, Sun CK. In vivo harmonic generation microscopy for monitoring the height of basal keratinocytes in solar lentigines after laser depigmentation treatment. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:6129-6142. [PMID: 34745726 PMCID: PMC8548006 DOI: 10.1364/boe.434789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The development of solar lentigines (SLs) is related to chronic ultraviolet exposure-induced cell senescence. We have previously demonstrated that basal keratinocyte enlargement is a morphological hallmark of skin senescence correlated to the process of skin aging, while clinical studies on the long-term monitoring of the cellular morphological changes in SLs after laser treatment are lacking. In this study, we have developed the harmonic generation microscopy (HGM) for in vivo monitoring the height of basal keratinocytes (HBK) and had administered Q-switched ruby laser or picosecond 532-nm Nd:YAG laser treatment on each side of the face of 25 Asian patients with facial SLs, respectively. In vivo HGM imaging was conducted to longitudinally analyze HBK and the horizontal cell size (HCS). Before treatment, the HBK was significantly higher in the SLs lesional area than that in the adjacent normal region, whereas there was no significant difference in the HCS. After treatment, the lesional HBK remained significantly higher than normal skin regardless of the laser treatment used. Our study indicates that the basal keratinocytes remain abnormal after laser treatment and demonstrates the capability of in vivo HGM for longitudinal, quantitative monitoring of cell senescence and therapeutic effect in SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jhe Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Tse Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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20
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Evaluation of a resorufin-based fluorescent probe for tyrosinase detection in skin pigmentation disorders. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Ohno Y, Kondo S, Tajima K, Shibata T, Itoh T. Effect of Phlorotannins Isolated From Eisenia bicyclis on Melanogenesis in Mouse B16 Melanoma Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211019264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins isolated from brown algae, such as Eisena bicyclis, have positive physiological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer’s disease. Although phlorotannins have been shown to inhibit tyrosinase, an enzyme essential for melanogenesis, their effect on melanogenesis remains unexplored. Thus, we isolated phlorotannins from E. bicyclis and examined their effects on α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in murine B16 melanoma cells. Both fucofuroeckol-A (FF-A) and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A) suppressed α-MSH-induced melanogenesis. Neither inhibited human tyrosinase (TYR) activity, but both inhibited tyrosinase-related protein-2 activity. FF-A downregulated the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and TYR, which subsequently suppressed melanin production. These results suggest that phlorotannins could be beneficial as melanin control drugs for hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ohno
- Laboratory for Molecular Chemistry of Aquatic Materials, Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Shiori Kondo
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Kiho Tajima
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shibata
- Laboratory for Quality in Marine Products, Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Itoh
- Laboratory for Molecular Chemistry of Aquatic Materials, Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya, Tsu, Mie, Japan
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22
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Kim HO, Kim HR, Kim JC, Kang SY, Jung MJ, Chang SE, Park CW, Chung BY. A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Epidermal Growth Factor-Containing Ointment on the Treatment of Solar Lentigines as Adjuvant Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57020166. [PMID: 33668564 PMCID: PMC7918714 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Little is known about the anti-pigmentation effects of whitening agents on solar lentigines. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been used as a booster for wound healing in the skin, and it has been suggested to have anti-pigmentation effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect and safety of EGF-containing ointment for treating solar lentigines with a Q-switched (QS) 532 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (Bluecore company, Seoul, Republic of Korea). Materials and Methods: Subjects who underwent QS 532 nm Nd:YAG laser treatment of solar lentigines were randomly assigned to treatment with an EGF ointment or petrolatum. After the laser procedure, the subjects were administered the test ointment twice a day for 4 weeks. The physician's assessment of the degree of pigment clearance and patient's satisfaction were assessed after 4 and 8 weeks. Additionally, the melanin index (MI), erythema index (EI), transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) were evaluated. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04704245). Results: The blinded physician's assessment using 5-grade percentage improvement scale and patient's satisfaction were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group at the 4th and 8th weeks. The MI was significantly higher in the control group than in the study group at the 4th and 8th weeks. The EI and TEWL did not differ significantly between the two groups at either time point. The incidence of PIH was higher in the control group (37.5%) than in the EGF group (7.14%) at the 8th week. Conclusions: The application of EGF-containing ointment on facial solar lentigines with a QS 532 nm Nd:YAG laser showed efficient and safe therapeutic effects, with less PIH. Thus, EGF-containing ointment could be suggested as the promising adjuvant treatment strategy with a QS laser for solar lentigines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye One Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Hye Ran Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Jin Cheol Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Seok Young Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Min Je Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
| | - Sung Eun Chang
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
| | - Chun Wook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.P.); (B.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-829-5221 (C.W.P.); +82-2-849-9092 (B.Y.C.)
| | - Bo Young Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul 07441, Korea; (H.O.K.); (H.R.K.); (J.C.K.); (S.Y.K.); (M.J.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.P.); (B.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-829-5221 (C.W.P.); +82-2-849-9092 (B.Y.C.)
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Clinical Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy of a 670-nm Picosecond Laser for Treatment of Benign Pigmented Lesions in Asians. Dermatol Surg 2020; 47:e153-e158. [PMID: 33905392 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000002880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Picosecond lasers are increasingly being investigated in treating pigmentation disorders because they may provide better treatment efficacy and comfort compared with nanosecond lasers. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and side effect of a novel 670-nm picosecond laser in the removal of benign pigmented lesions (BPLs) in individuals with Fitzpatrick skin types (FST) III and IV. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen subjects with solar lentigines and 7 subjects with ABNOMs received a single treatment with a 670-nm picosecond laser. Blinded physicians assessed the pigment clearance using a 5-category grading system scale. All subjects were evaluated at 1 month, 3 month, and 6 month after a single treatment. Adverse events were recorded at every follow-up visit. RESULTS All subjects with lentigines had complete clearance (95%-100%) of lesions during 3-month follow-up after a single treatment session of 670-nm picosecond laser, whereas 75% of the subjects with ABNOMs noted fair lightning (25%-49%) of lesions. Mild hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation were observed in 9% and 14% of the subjects, respectively, which resolved within 3 months after the treatment. CONCLUSION The novel 670-nm picosecond laser is a safe and effective treatment for BPLs in subjects with FST III and IV with low rates of transient adverse effects.
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Suppression of Pax3-MITF-M Axis Protects from UVB-Induced Skin Pigmentation by Tetrahydroquinoline Carboxamide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249631. [PMID: 33348800 PMCID: PMC7766340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Paired box gene 3 (Pax3) and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) directly interact with the cis-acting elements on the promoter of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform M (MITF-M) for transcriptional activation in the melanogenic process. Tyrosinase (Tyro) is a target gene of MITF-M, and functions as a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis. Tetrahydroquinoline carboxamide (THQC) was previously screened as an antimelanogenic candidate. In the current study, we evaluated the antimelanogenic activity of THQC in vivo and elucidated a possible mechanism. Topical treatment with THQC mitigated ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin pigmentation in guinea pig with decreased messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of melanogenic genes such as MITF-M and Tyro. Moreover, THQC inhibited cAMP-induced melanin production in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)- or histamine-activated B16-F0 cells, in which it suppressed the expression of the MITF-M gene at the promoter level. As a mechanism, THQC normalized the protein levels of Pax3, a transcriptional activator of the MITF-M gene, in UVB-exposed and pigmented skin, as well as in α-MSH-activated B16-F0 culture. However, THQC did not affect UVB- or α-MSH-induced phosphorylation (activation) of CREB. The results suggest that suppression of the Pax3–MITF-M axis might be a potential strategy in the treatment of skin pigmentary disorders that are at high risk under UVB radiation.
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Abstract
Oral pigmented lesions have a wide range of clinical presentations, some of which correlate with cutaneous pigmented lesions. This article highlights these correlates and underscores important differences that can potentially have clinical impact. Moreover, given a nonspecific presentation of an oral pigmented lesion, the article provides a reference to aid clinicians with differential diagnoses based on clinical features. This article is an overview of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity, including localized reactive pigmented lesions, neoplastic pigmented lesions, and pigmented lesions as sequelae of a systemic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Ko
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Neeraj Panchal
- Department of Oral Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Markiewicz E, Idowu OC. Melanogenic Difference Consideration in Ethnic Skin Type: A Balance Approach Between Skin Brightening Applications and Beneficial Sun Exposure. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:215-232. [PMID: 32210602 PMCID: PMC7069578 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s245043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human skin demonstrates a striking variation in tone and color that is evident among multiple demographic populations. Such characteristics are determined predominantly by the expression of the genes controlling the quantity and quality of melanin, which can alter significantly due to the presence of small nucleotide polymorphism affecting various steps of the melanogenesis process and generally linked to the lighter skin phenotypes. Genetically determined, constitutive skin color is additionally complemented by the facultative melanogenesis and tanning responses; with high levels of melanin and melanogenic factors broadly recognized to have a protective effect against the UVR-induced molecular damage in darker skin. Long-term sun exposure, together with a genetic makeup responsible for the ability to tan or the activity of constitutive melanogenic factors, triggers defects in pigmentation across all ethnic skin types. However, sun exposure also has well documented beneficial effects that manifest at both skin homeostasis and the systemic level, such as synthesis of vitamin D, which is thought to be less efficient in the presence of high levels of melanin or potentially linked to the polymorphism in the genes responsible for skin darkening triggered by UVR. In this review, we discuss melanogenesis in a context of constitutive pigmentation, defined by gene polymorphism in ethnic skin types, and facultative pigmentation that is not only associated with the capacity to protect the skin against photo-damage but could also have an impact on vitamin D synthesis through gene polymorphism. Modulating the activities of melanogenic genes, with the focus on the markers specifically altered by polymorphism combined with differential requirements of sun exposure in ethnic skin types, could enhance the applications of already existing skin brightening factors and provide a novel approach toward improved skin tone and health in personalized skincare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Markiewicz
- Hexis Lab Limited, The Core, Newcastle Helix, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5TF, UK
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Rachmin I, Ostrowski SM, Weng QY, Fisher DE. Topical treatment strategies to manipulate human skin pigmentation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 153:65-71. [PMID: 32092380 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is a result of melanin produced by melanocytes in the epidermis. Melanocyte activity, along with the type and distribution of melanins, is the main driver for diversity of skin pigmentation. Dark melanin acts to protect against the deleterious effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, including photo-aging and skin cancer formation. In turn, UV radiation activates skin melanocytes to induce further pigmentation (i.e., "tanning pathway"). The well-characterized MSH/MC1R-cAMP-MITF pathway regulates UV-induced melanization. Pharmacologic activation of this pathway ("sunless tanning") represents a potential strategy for skin cancer prevention, particularly in those with light skin or the "red hair" phenotype who tan poorly after UV exposure due to MC1R inactivating polymorphisms. Skin hyperpigmentation can also occur as a result of inflammatory processes and dermatological disorders such as melasma. While primarily of cosmetic concern, these conditions can dramatically impact quality of life of affected patients. Several topical agents are utilized to treat skin pigmentation disorders. Here, we review melanogenesis induced by UV exposure and the agents that target this pathway.
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A variety of processes that affect the perception of skin aging. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2019-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most important factors affecting perceived age. Aging is an unavoidable and irreversible process, but perceived age is a modifiable psychosocial factor. Our exterior has become one of the determinants of our social position, the key to success in our professional and personal lives. Today, we see people through their appearance, we judge after the first impression. With the help of aesthetic medicine, we can change the perceived age, but we cannot stop aging. This article discusses factors affecting the perceived age, such as hair color, skin color, general appearance and environmental factors. Many cannot be avoided, but we can make changes in life to look younger and more well-groomed. Indeed, we can change our habits for the benefit of the whole body, not only for the skin.
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Kukla-Bartoszek M, Pośpiech E, Woźniak A, Boroń M, Karłowska-Pik J, Teisseyre P, Zubańska M, Bronikowska A, Grzybowski T, Płoski R, Spólnicka M, Branicki W. DNA-based predictive models for the presence of freckles. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2019; 42:252-259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Melanocyte Activation Mechanisms and Rational Therapeutic Treatments of Solar Lentigos. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153666. [PMID: 31357457 PMCID: PMC6695993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To characterize the pathobiology of solar lentigos (SLs), analyses by semiquantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry revealed the upregulated expression of endothelin (EDN)-1/endothelin B receptors (EDNBRs), stem cell factor (SCF)/c-KIT, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α in the lesional epidermis, which contrasted with the downregulated expression of interleukin (IL) 1α. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that previous repeated UVB exposure triggers keratinocytes to continuously produce TNFα. TNFα then stimulates the secretion of EDNs and the production of SCF in an autocrine fashion, leading to the continuous melanogenic activation of neighboring melanocytes, which causes SLs. A clinical study of 36 patients with SLs for six months treated with an M. Chamomilla extract with a potent ability to abrogate the EDN1-induced increase in DNA synthesis and melanization of human melanocytes in culture revealed a significant improvement in pigment scores and color differences expressed as L values. Another clinical study using a tyrosinase inhibitor L-ascorbate-2-phosphate 3 Na (ASP) demonstrated that L values of test lotion (6% APS)-treated skin significantly increased in SLs and in non-lesional skin with a significantly higher ΔL value in SLs when compared with non-lesional skin. The sum of these findings strongly suggests that combined topical treatment with EDN signaling blockers and tyrosinase inhibitors is a desirable therapeutic choice for SLs.
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Kang M, Park SH, Park SJ, Oh SW, Yoo JA, Kwon K, Kim J, Yu E, Cho JY, Lee J. p44/42 MAPK signaling is a prime target activated by phenylethyl resorcinol in its anti-melanogenic action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152877. [PMID: 30849679 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanin plays a crucial role in protecting human skin against exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, its overproduction induces hyperpigmentation disorders of the skin. PURPOSE To investigate effects of phenylethyl resorcinol as one resorcinol derivative on melanogenesis and its mechanisms using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells and human epidermal melanocytes. METHODS Effects of phenylethyl resorcinol on melanogenesis and its mechanism of action were examined using several in vitro assays (i.e., cell survival, melanin content, cellular tyrosinase activity, real-time PCR analysis, luciferase-reporter assay, Western blot analysis, and ELISAs for cyclic AMP (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element binding (CREB) protein, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)). RESULTS Phenylethyl resorcinol reduced both melanin content and tyrosinase activity in these cells. Phenylethyl resorcinol also suppressed tyrosinase activity in cell-free tyrosinase enzyme assay. Although phenylethyl resorcinol decreased mRNA levels of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, it did not affect mRNA levels of melanogenic gene microphthalmia-associated transcriptional factor (MITF) or TRP-1. Phenylethyl resorcinol had no effects on cAMP signaling or NF-κB signaling based on results of cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-luciferase reporter assay, cAMP production, protein kinase A (PKA) activity, Western blot assays for phosphorylated CRE-binding protein (CREB), NF-κB-luciferase reporter assay, and Western blot assays for phosphorylated NF-κB. However, phenylethyl resorcinol induced activation of activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling. Specifically, phenylethyl resorcinol increased AP-1 reporter activity and increased phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK, but not p38 MAPK or c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). MEK1/2 and Src, upstream molecules of p44/42 MAPK were also phosphorylated by phenylethyl resorcinol. In addition, phenylethyl resorcinol-induced decreases in melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and MITF protein levels were attenuated by PD98059, a p44/42 MAPK inhibitor. CONCLUSION These data indicate that the anti-melanogenic activity of phenylethyl resorcinol is mediated by activation of p44/42 MAPK, indicating that phenylethyl resorcinol may be a potential therapeutic agent for treating hyperpigmentation skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyeong Kang
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - See-Hyoung Park
- Department of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, 30016 Sejong City, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jung Park
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Woong Oh
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Ah Yoo
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kitae Kwon
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangsoon Kim
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbi Yu
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Molecular Dermatology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, 16419 Gyunggi Do, Republic of Korea.
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Friedmann DP, Peterson JD. Efficacy and safety of intense pulsed light with a KTP filter for the treatment of solar lentigines. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:500-508. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Friedmann
- Westlake Dermatology Clinical Research CenterWestlake Dermatology and Cosmetic SurgeryAustinTexas
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Barysch MJ, Braun RP, Kolm I, Ahlgrimm-Siesz V, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Duval C, Warrick E, Bernerd F, Nouveau S, Dummer R. Keratinocytic Malfunction as a Trigger for the Development of Solar Lentigines. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2019; 6:1-11. [PMID: 30800656 PMCID: PMC6381907 DOI: 10.1159/000495404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Solar lentigines (SL) affect chronically UV-radiated skin. Treatment is often refractory. Deeper knowledge on its pathogenesis might improve therapeutic effects. Material and Methods Morphological characterization of 190 SL was performed and epidermal thickness, pigment distribution, dendricity, and cornification grade were measured. Immunoreactivity was investigated using Melan A, Tyrosinase, MITF, p53, and CD20, as well as Notch1 using immunofluorescence. Results We found 2 groups of histological patterns, i.e., either acanthotic or atrophic epidermis. Lesions with basket-woven cornification and atrophic epidermis were observed in 6 out of 9 and 14 out of 16 cases from the face, respectively. Consistency of areas with a high pigmentation was observed in 96-97% of the cases. Hyperpigmentation grade and acanthosis or cornification disorders correlated positively in 88.5% of the cases. Overexpressed of p53 was found in 19 out of 20 lesions, presenting in a scattered distribution. A significant correlation of p53 and acanthosis (p = 0.003) and cornification grade (p = 0.0008) was observed. Notch1 was expressed in all SL, with the highest immunoreactivity in atrophic facial lesions. Lesions from the hands expressed Notch1 mainly in acanthotic areas with elongated rete ridges and less compact cornification. Discussion We suggest that Notch1-dependent keratinocytic malfunction causes the development of SL. Consequently, hyperpigmentation would be a result and not the primary cause of the pathogenesis. Confirmation of these findings might have clinical implications as hitherto treatment has mainly focused on melanocytes and pigmentation and not on the proliferation/differentiation balance of keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ralph Peter Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Kolm
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Emilie Warrick
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | | | | | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Hernando B, Sanz-Page E, Pitarch G, Mahiques L, Valcuende-Cavero F, Martinez-Cadenas C. Genetic variants associated with skin photosensitivity in a southern European population from Spain. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2018; 34:415-422. [PMID: 29974532 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Recent GWAS studies, mostly performed in populations of North European origin, have identified the genetic loci associated with pigmentation, sun sensitivity, freckling and skin cancer susceptibility. Here, we aimed at addressing the genetic determinants of sunlight sensitivity in Spain, a southern European population. METHODS Nine SNPs located in 8 pigmentation-related genes (IRF4, TYR, ASP, HERC2, OCA2, BNC2, SLC24A4 and SLC45A2) were genotyped in 456 Spaniards. Additionally, the complete sequence of the MC1R gene was obtained, testing each nonsynonymous mutation supported by the classification as R or r alleles. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, pigmentation and sun sensitivity traits, as well as sun exposure habits. RESULTS MC1R R alleles and IRF4 rs12203592 were significantly associated with sunlight sensitivity at the Bonferroni-corrected level (P-value < 4.54 × 10-3 ). Genetic variants in SLC45A2 (rs16891982) and HERC2 (rs12913832) were also found to be significantly associated with skin photosensitivity in our Spanish sample. Interaction analysis using the MDR method revealed epistatic effects when these four variants were considered together. CONCLUSION MC1R, IRF4, HERC2 and SLC45A2 play a significant role in skin sensitivity to sunlight in the Spanish population. Moreover, interaction among these four loci seems to modulate the ability of the skin to respond to UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hernando
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Elena Sanz-Page
- Department of Medicine, Jaume I University of Castellon, Castellon, Spain
| | - Gerard Pitarch
- Department of Dermatology, Castellon University General Hospital, Castellon, Spain
| | - Laura Mahiques
- Department of Dermatology, Castellon University General Hospital, Castellon, Spain
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Kasraian Z, Trompezinski S, Cario-André M, Morice-Picard F, Ged C, Jullie ML, Taieb A, Rezvani HR. Pigmentation abnormalities in nucleotide excision repair disorders: Evidence and hypotheses. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 32:25-40. [PMID: 29938913 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin pigmentation abnormalities are manifested in several disorders associated with deficient DNA repair mechanisms such as nucleotide excision repair (NER) and double-strand break (DSB) diseases, a topic that has not received much attention up to now. Hereditary disorders associated with defective DNA repair are valuable models for understanding mechanisms that lead to hypo- and hyperpigmentation. Owing to the UV-associated nature of abnormal pigmentary manifestations, the outcome of the activated DNA damage response (DDR) network could be the effector signal for alterations in pigmentation, ultimately manifesting as pigmentary abnormalities in repair-deficient disorders. In this review, the role of the DDR network in the manifestation of pigmentary abnormalities in NER and DSB disorders is discussed with a special emphasis on NER disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Kasraian
- NAOS, Aix en Provence, France.,Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Muriel Cario-André
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fanny Morice-Picard
- Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cécile Ged
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Alain Taieb
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.,Service de Dermatologie Adulte et Pédiatrique, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hamid Reza Rezvani
- Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, BMGIC, UMR 1035, Bordeaux, France.,Centre de Référence pour les Maladies Rares de la Peau, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Ha JH, Jeong YJ, Xuan SH, Lee JY, Park J, Park SN. Methyl-2-acetylamino-3-(4-hydroxyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoylthio)propanoate suppresses melanogenesis through ERK signaling pathway mediated MITF proteasomal degradation. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 91:S0923-1811(18)30169-5. [PMID: 29735364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is regulated by expression and/or degradation pathway, controlling to the expression of melanogenic enzymes for melanin synthesis. Methyl-2-acetylamino-3-(4-hydroxyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzoylthio)propanoate (MAHDP) is reported to anti-melanogenesis effect but its mechanism remain unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of MAHDP on melanogenesis and elucidate its mechanism. METHODS Tyrosinase activity, melanogenic proteins and gene expression levels were measured with MAHDP treatment in B16F1 cells, human melanocytes, reconstructed skin and clinical trial. RESULTS MAHDP attenuated melanin production in α-MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) stimulated-B16F1 cells. MAHDP decreased the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein-2 (TRP-2). But, MADPH did not affect the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, JNK and AKT, which are associated with the regulation of MITF expression. These results suggest that MITF downstream is regulated not transcriptionally but translationally. Treatment of MG132 (a proteasomal degradation inhibitor) almost abolished the decrease of MITF protein levels by MAHDP. Phosphorylation and ubiquitination of MITF for proteasomal degradation were increased by treatment of MAHDP. Treatment of PD98059 (an ERK phosphorylation inhibitor) abrogated ERK phosphorylation, downregulation of MITF and tyrosinase as well as the decrease of melanin contents by MAHDP. Therefore, the degradation of MITF proteins by MAHDP is regulated to the ERK signaling. Finally, MAHDP improved the pigmentation in human epidermal melanocytes, a UVB-irradiated the reconstructed skin model and clinical trial without cytotoxicity and skin irritation. CONCLUSION These results clearly demonstrate that MAHDP suppresses the expression of melanogenic enzymes through ERK phosphorylation-mediated MITF proteasomal degradation, and suggest that MAHDP may be efficient as a therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Ha
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ju Jeong
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hua Xuan
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lee
- Daebong LS. Ltd., 692-8, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21697, Republic of Korea
| | - Jino Park
- Daebong LS. Ltd., 692-8, Gojan-dong, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21697, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Nam Park
- Department of Fine Chemistry, Cosmetic R&D Center, Cosmetic Industry Coupled Collaboration Center, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea.
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Laino AM, Berry EG, Jagirdar K, Lee KJ, Duffy DL, Soyer HP, Sturm RA. Iris pigmented lesions as a marker of cutaneous melanoma risk: an Australian case-control study. Br J Dermatol 2018; 178:1119-1127. [PMID: 29315480 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iris naevi and iris freckles have a frequency of 4% and 50% in the European population, respectively. They are associated with dysplastic naevi, but few studies have examined their link to cutaneous melanoma. OBJECTIVES To assess whether iris pigmented lesions are a predictive indicator for cutaneous melanoma. METHODS This is a melanoma case-control study of 1254 European-background Australians. Sun exposure and melanoma history, a saliva sample for DNA analysis and eye photographs taken with a digital camera were collected from 1117 participants. Iris images were assessed by up to four trained observers for the number of iris pigmented lesions. The data were analysed for correlations between iris pigmented lesions and melanoma history. RESULTS Case participants over the age of 40 had similar numbers of iris pigmented lesions to age matched controls (mean 5·7 vs. 5·2, P = 0·02), but in younger case and control participants there was a greater difference (mean 3·96 vs. 2·19, P = 0·004). A logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, skin, hair and eye colour, skin freckling and naevus count found that the presence of three or more iris pigmented lesions increases the melanoma risk 1·45-fold [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·07-1·95]. HERC2/OCA2 rs12913832 and IRF4 rs12203592 influenced both eye colour and the number of iris pigmented lesions. On the HERC2/OCA2 A/A and A/G genotype background there was an increasing proportion of blue eye colour when carrying the IRF4 T allele (P = 3 × 10-4 ) and a higher number of iris pigmented lesions with the IRF4 T/T homozygote (P = 3 × 10-9 ). CONCLUSIONS Iris pigmented lesion count provides additional predictive information for melanoma risk above that from conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Laino
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - E G Berry
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30309, GA, U.S.A
| | - K Jagirdar
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - K J Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - D L Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4006, Australia
| | - H P Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - R A Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
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Hernando B, Ibañez MV, Deserio-Cuesta JA, Soria-Navarro R, Vilar-Sastre I, Martinez-Cadenas C. Genetic determinants of freckle occurrence in the Spanish population: Towards ephelides prediction from human DNA samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2018; 33:38-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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McWhirter SR, Duffy DL, Lee KJ, Wimberley G, McClenahan P, Ling N, Ardigo M, Schaider H, Soyer HP, Sturm RA. Classifying dermoscopic patterns of naevi in a case-control study of melanoma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186647. [PMID: 29040338 PMCID: PMC5645144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in dermoscopic patterns of naevi may be associated with melanoma; however, there is no consensus on which dermoscopic classification system is optimal. To determine whether different classification systems give comparable results and can be combined for analysis, we applied two systems to a case-control study of melanoma with 1037 participants: 573 classified using a “1/3 major feature” system, 464 classified based on rules of appearance, and 263 classified with both criteria. There was strong correlation for non-specific (Spearman R = 0.96) and reticular (Spearman R = 0.82) naevi, with a slight bias for globular naevi with the rules of appearance system. Inter-observer reliability was high for the rules of appearance system, particularly for reticular naevi (Pearson >0.97). We show that different classification systems for naevi can be combined for data analysis, and describe a method for determining what adjustments may need to be applied to combine data sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus R. McWhirter
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David L. Duffy
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katie J. Lee
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Glen Wimberley
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip McClenahan
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalie Ling
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marco Ardigo
- San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, IFO, Rome, Italy
| | - Helmut Schaider
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard A. Sturm
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Vallone MG, Tell-Marti G, Potrony M, Rebollo-Morell A, Badenas C, Puig-Butille JA, Gimenez-Xavier P, Carrera C, Malvehy J, Puig S. Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms' influence on size and dermoscopic features of nevi. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:39-50. [PMID: 28950052 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) is a highly polymorphic gene. The loss-of-function MC1R variants ("R") have been strongly associated with red hair color phenotype and an increased melanoma risk. We sequenced the MC1R gene in 175 healthy individuals to assess the influence of MC1R on nevus phenotype. We identified that MC1R variant carriers had larger nevi both on the back [p-value = .016, adjusted for multiple parameters (adj. p-value)] and on the upper limbs (adj. p-value = .007). Specifically, we identified a positive association between the "R" MC1R variants and visible vessels in nevi [p-value = .033, corrected using the FDR method for multiple comparisons (corrected p-value)], dots and globules in nevi (corrected p-value = .033), nevi with eccentric hyperpigmentation (corrected p-value = .033), a high degree of freckling (adj. p-value = .019), and an associative trend with presence of blue nevi (corrected p-value = .120). In conclusion, the MC1R gene appears to influence the nevus phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Gabriela Vallone
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Dermatology Department, Hospital Alemán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gemma Tell-Marti
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miriam Potrony
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Rebollo-Morell
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Celia Badenas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Anton Puig-Butille
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemical and Molecular Genetics Service, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Gimenez-Xavier
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrera
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Dermatology Department, Melanoma Unit, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Department, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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41
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Genome-Wide Association Shows that Pigmentation Genes Play a Role in Skin Aging. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1887-1894. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Nayman T, Bostan C, Logan P, Burnier MN. Uveal Melanoma Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1085-1093. [PMID: 28494168 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1297997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is currently no clinical risk-assessment tool allowing identification of patients at risk for developing uveal melanoma (UM) who might benefit from regular screening. As a first step toward the elaboration of such a tool, we systematically reviewed UM risk factors already established by meta-analysis. METHODS Two reviewers independently screened Pubmed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science from their respective inception dates until July 2016 using a combination of keywords and MeSH terms. Eligible studies were meta-analyses or systematic reviews providing pooled odds ratios (ORs) of risk factors for UM development or sufficient information to calculate them. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews tool. RESULTS Four meta-analyses with a mean methodological quality score of 65.9% (min: 54.5%; max: 72.7%) were included. The following significant risk factors were identified: atypical cutaneous nevi (OR 2.82, 95% CI 1.10-7.26), welding (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.20-3.51), occupational cooking (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.33-2.46), fair skin color (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.31-2.47), light eye color (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.31-2.34), common cutaneous nevi (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.27-2.39), propensity to sunburn (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.29-2.09), iris nevi (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.27), and cutaneous freckles (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.49). Non-significant factors included outdoor leisure activity, occupational sunlight exposure, latitude of birth, and hair color. CONCLUSION Moderate quality of evidence determined nine significant risk factors for developing UM. Knowledge of these variables will assist researchers in the elaboration of a formal risk-assessment tool allowing clinicians to estimate susceptibility to the disease and necessity of regular screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Nayman
- a The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,b Faculty of Medicine , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Cristina Bostan
- a The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,c Department of Ophthalmology , University of Montreal , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Patrick Logan
- a The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- a The Henry C. Witelson Ocular Pathology Laboratory , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,d Department of Ophthalmology , McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
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Sun F, Niu H, Wang D, Wu Y, Mu H, Ma L, Duan J. Novel moisture-preserving derivatives of hyaluronan resistant to hyaluronidase and protective to UV light. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1198-1204. [PMID: 27987823 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Current studies have revealed the excellent moisture absorption-retention capacity of hyaluronan (HA); however, HA is easily degraded by hyaluronidase on the surface of skin. So, it is very necessary to develop an alternative derivative with low cytotoxicity and resistance to hyaluronidase. Herein, a HA decorated with photocaged groups was synthesized. The moisture absorption-retention capacity and hyaluronidase resistance of photocaged HA (HA-DMNB) and products of HA-DMNB irradiated by ultraviolet for different time (IHA-DMNB), were investigated. Results show that HA-DMNB is more resistant to hyaluronidase than HA, and HA-DMNB could release free carboxyl groups of HA upon ultraviolet to bond with H2O. More importantly, HA-DMNB was protective against UV light. In addition, HA-DMNB and IHA-DMNB were observed to be nontoxic to HaCat cells. This study indicates that HA-DMNB may be effectively used as a moisture-preserving reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Sun
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Niu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haibo Mu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lili Ma
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Jinyou Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Lee SJ, Son YH, Lee KB, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Jeong EM, Park SC, Kim IG. 4-n-butylresorcinol enhances proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 39:248-255. [PMID: 27666581 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 4-n-butylresorcinol is a competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase and has been used as an antimelanogenic agent. However, its inhibition mechanism in intact cells is not fully understood. To elucidate the cellular mechanism, we compared in vitro and in vivo inhibitory effects of 4-n-butylresorcinol on tyrosinase activity. METHODS B16F10 melanoma cells were cultured in media containing α-MSH in the presence or absence of 4-n-butylresorcinol. Tyrosinase mRNA levels, protein levels and activity in B16F10 cells were compared by real-time PCR, immunostaining combined with western blot and colorimetric analysis, respectively. Melanin concentration was measured by colorimetry both in the cells and in the media. Tyrosinase glycosylation and proteolytic degradation were analysed by immunoblotting after cells were treated with Endo H/PNGase F and E64/proteasome inhibitors, respectively. RESULTS 4-n-butylresorcinol inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis more effectively in intact cells than in cell lysates. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR showed that 4-n-butylresorcinol reduced protein levels, but not mRNA levels, of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells. 4-n-butylresorcinol showed no effect on the processing of tyrosinase glycosylation or on trafficking to melanosomes. However, treatment of B16F10 cells with E64 or proteasome inhibitor abrogated the 4-n-butylresorcinol-induced decrease of tyrosinase. Moreover, 4-n-butylresorcinol activated p38 MAPK, resulting in increased ubiquitination of tyrosinase. CONCLUSION 4-n-butylresorcinol inhibits melanogenesis by enhancing proteolytic degradation of tyrosinase as well as competitive binding to tyrosinase. These findings will help to develop new, effective and safe chemicals for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-J Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - Y H Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - J-H Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - E M Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
| | - S C Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea
| | - I-G Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, South Korea.,Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Daehak-ro 101, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, South Korea
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Lee TH, Park S, Yoo G, Jang C, Kim MH, Kim SH, Kim SY. Demethyleugenol β-Glucopyranoside Isolated from Agastache rugosa Decreases Melanin Synthesis via Down-regulation of MITF and SOX9. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7733-7742. [PMID: 27673705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Agastache rugosa (Fisch. & C. A. Mey.) Kuntze has been well-known for its antioxidative properties. This study investigated the anti-melanogenesis effect of demethyleugenol β-d-glucopyranoside (1) from A. rugosa by studying molecular regulation of melanogenesis in melan-a mouse melanocytes and normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEMs) and in in vivo models. The SRY (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome)-related high-mobility group (HMG) box 9 (SOX9), one of the critical factors that affect skin pigmentation, is up-regulated. Interestingly, 1 down-regulated the expression of SOX9 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Reduction of these two transcription factors resulted in a decrease in melanogenic enzymes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase. As a result, 1 significantly inhibited melanin synthesis in melan-a mouse melanocytes and NHEMs. In addition, the anti-melanogenic effect of 1 was confirmed in zebrafish and reconstructed skin tissue models. In conclusion, 1, as a potent SOX9 regulator, ameliorates skin pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Hwan Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University , 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - SeonJu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University , 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Guijae Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University , 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheongyun Jang
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University , 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Hyun Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University , 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University , 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University , 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University , 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Medical Center , Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University , 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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Eber AE, Magno RJ, Tsatalis JP, Perper M, Aldahan AS, Nouri K. Cells to Surgery Quiz: October 2016. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:e107. [PMID: 30477728 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel E Eber
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Robert J Magno
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - John P Tsatalis
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marina Perper
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Adam S Aldahan
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Keyvan Nouri
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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48
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Cells to Surgery Quiz: May 2016. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:e53. [PMID: 30473240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Köse O. Successful removal of freckles with the bipolar radiofrequency and optical energy. J COSMET LASER THER 2016; 18:230-3. [DOI: 10.3109/14764172.2016.1157358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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50
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Goorochurn R, Viennet C, Granger C, Fanian F, Varin-Blank N, Roy CL, Humbert P. Biological processes in solar lentigo: insights brought by experimental models. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:174-7. [PMID: 26739821 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Common in ageing patient, the solar lentigo is a macular hyperpigmented skin lesion that results from chronic exposure to ultraviolet irradiations. Despite sharing numerous features with other pigmented spots, the diagnostic of this benign lesion is well characterized at the tissue level. Recent studies shed lights on several factors and their pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development of the solar lentigo. This review summarizes how diverse experimental approaches allowed the identification of several biomarkers, which contribute to a better understanding on the initiation and the maintenance of this pigmentary disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranesha Goorochurn
- LIBC, Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098 INSERM, University of Franche-Comte, SFR FED 4234, Besançon, France.,UMR 978 INSERM, Bobigny Cedex, France.,ASIH, Signaling Adaptors in Hematology, UFR-SMBH, Labex INFLAMEX, University SPC, Paris 13, Bobigny Cedex, France.,Department of Dermatology, Research and Studies Center on the Integument (CERT), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC 1431), Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France.,Dermance Laboratoire, Dermo-cosmetic and Mature Skin Expertise, Paris, France
| | - Cécline Viennet
- LIBC, Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098 INSERM, University of Franche-Comte, SFR FED 4234, Besançon, France
| | - Corinne Granger
- Dermance Laboratoire, Dermo-cosmetic and Mature Skin Expertise, Paris, France
| | - Ferial Fanian
- Department of Dermatology, Research and Studies Center on the Integument (CERT), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC 1431), Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Nadine Varin-Blank
- UMR 978 INSERM, Bobigny Cedex, France.,ASIH, Signaling Adaptors in Hematology, UFR-SMBH, Labex INFLAMEX, University SPC, Paris 13, Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Christine Le Roy
- UMR 978 INSERM, Bobigny Cedex, France.,ASIH, Signaling Adaptors in Hematology, UFR-SMBH, Labex INFLAMEX, University SPC, Paris 13, Bobigny Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Humbert
- LIBC, Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098 INSERM, University of Franche-Comte, SFR FED 4234, Besançon, France.,Department of Dermatology, Research and Studies Center on the Integument (CERT), Clinical Investigation Center (CIC 1431), Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
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