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Morita K, Miura K, Toyomaki A, Makinodan M, Ohi K, Hashimoto N, Yasuda Y, Mitsudo T, Higuchi F, Numata S, Yamada A, Aoki Y, Honda H, Mizui R, Honda M, Fujikane D, Matsumoto J, Hasegawa N, Ito S, Akiyama H, Onitsuka T, Satomura Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Tablet-Based Cognitive and Eye Movement Measures as Accessible Tools for Schizophrenia Assessment: Multisite Usability Study. JMIR Ment Health 2024; 11:e56668. [PMID: 38815257 PMCID: PMC11176872 DOI: 10.2196/56668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder characterized by significant cognitive and neurobiological alterations. Impairments in cognitive function and eye movement have been known to be promising biomarkers for schizophrenia. However, cognitive assessment methods require specialized expertise. To date, data on simplified measurement tools for assessing both cognitive function and eye movement in patients with schizophrenia are lacking. OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the efficacy of a novel tablet-based platform combining cognitive and eye movement measures for classifying schizophrenia. METHODS Forty-four patients with schizophrenia, 67 healthy controls, and 41 patients with other psychiatric diagnoses participated in this study from 10 sites across Japan. A free-viewing eye movement task and 2 cognitive assessment tools (Codebreaker task from the THINC-integrated tool and the CognitiveFunctionTest app) were used for conducting assessments in a 12.9-inch iPad Pro. We performed comparative group and logistic regression analyses for evaluating the diagnostic efficacy of the 3 measures of interest. RESULTS Cognitive and eye movement measures differed significantly between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (all 3 measures; P<.001). The Codebreaker task showed the highest classification effectiveness in distinguishing schizophrenia with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.90. Combining cognitive and eye movement measures further improved accuracy with a maximum area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94. Cognitive measures were more effective in differentiating patients with schizophrenia from healthy controls, whereas eye movement measures better differentiated schizophrenia from other psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS This multisite study demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of a tablet-based app for assessing cognitive functioning and eye movements in patients with schizophrenia. Our results suggest the potential of tablet-based assessments of cognitive function and eye movement as simple and accessible evaluation tools, which may be useful for future clinical implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Atsuhito Toyomaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Kita-ku Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Mitsudo
- Division of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Hizen Psychiatric Center, Kanzaki-gun, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Higuchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube City, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Kyoto, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Aoki
- Healthcare Innovation Group, Future Corporation, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Honda
- Healthcare Innovation Group, Future Corporation, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Mizui
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Masato Honda
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fujikane
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hisashi Akiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Diversity in Medical Education and Research, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
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Yamazaki R, Matsumoto J, Ito S, Nemoto K, Fukunaga M, Hashimoto N, Kodaka F, Takano H, Hasegawa N, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Yamamori H, Watanabe Y, Miura K, Hashimoto R. Longitudinal reduction in brain volume in patients with schizophrenia and its association with cognitive function. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:206-215. [PMID: 38348613 PMCID: PMC10932790 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Establishing a brain biomarker for schizophrenia is strongly desirable not only to support diagnosis by psychiatrists but also to help track the progressive changes in the brain over the course of the illness. A brain morphological signature of schizophrenia was reported in a recent study and is defined by clusters of brain regions with reduced volume in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy individuals. This signature was proven to be effective at differentiating patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals, suggesting that it is a good candidate brain biomarker of schizophrenia. However, the longitudinal characteristics of this signature have remained unclear. In this study, we examined whether these changes occurred over time and whether they were associated with clinical outcomes. We found a significant change in the brain morphological signature in schizophrenia patients with more brain volume loss than the natural, age-related reduction in healthy individuals, suggesting that this change can capture a progressive morphological change in the brain. We further found a significant association between changes in the brain morphological signature and changes in the full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ). The patients with IQ improvement showed preserved brain morphological signatures, whereas the patients without IQ improvement showed progressive changes in the brain morphological signature, suggesting a link between potential recovery of intellectual abilities and the speed of brain pathology progression. We conclude that the brain morphological signature is a brain biomarker that can be used to evaluate progressive changes in the brain that are associated with cognitive impairment due to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Yamazaki
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, The Division of Human Developmental Sciences, Graduate School of Humanity and SciencesOchanomizu UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Section of Brain Function InformationNational Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of PsychiatryHokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Fumitoshi Kodaka
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Harumasa Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging CenterNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation FosterOsakaJapan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University Graduate School of MedicineSuitaJapan
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka HospitalOsakaJapan
| | | | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental DiseasesNational Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
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Yoshida M, Miura K, Fujimoto M, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Iwase M, Hashimoto R. Visual salience is affected in participants with schizophrenia during free-viewing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4606. [PMID: 38409435 PMCID: PMC10897421 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55359-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in visual exploration affect the daily lives of patients with schizophrenia. For example, scanpath length during free-viewing is shorter in schizophrenia. However, its origin and its relevance to symptoms are unknown. Here we investigate the possibility that abnormalities in eye movements result from abnormalities in visual or visuo-cognitive processing. More specifically, we examined whether such abnormalities reflect visual salience in schizophrenia. Eye movements of 82 patients and 252 healthy individuals viewing natural and/or complex images were examined using saliency maps for static images to determine the contributions of low-level visual features to salience-guided eye movements. The results showed that the mean value for orientation salience at the gazes of the participants with schizophrenia were higher than that of the healthy control subjects. Further analyses revealed that orientation salience defined by the L + M channel of the DKL color space is specifically affected in schizophrenia, suggesting abnormalities in the magnocellular visual pathway. By looking into the computational stages of the visual salience, we found that the difference between schizophrenia and healthy control emerges at the earlier stage, suggesting functional decline in early visual processing. These results suggest that visual salience is affected in schizophrenia, thereby expanding the concept of the aberrant salience hypothesis of psychosis to the visual domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Yoshida
- Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience (CHAIN), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Japan Community Health Care Organization, Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
- Medical Corporation Foster, Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Osaka Psychiatric Research Center, Osaka Psychiatric Medical Center, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
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Matsumoto J, Miura K, Fukunaga M, Nemoto K, Koshiyama D, Okada N, Morita K, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Ito S, Hasegawa N, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Association Study Between White Matter Microstructure and Intelligence Decline in Schizophrenia. Clin EEG Neurosci 2023; 54:567-573. [PMID: 34889128 DOI: 10.1177/15500594211063314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia can exhibit intelligence decline, which is an important element of cognitive impairment. Previous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia have altered gray matter structures and functional connectivity associated with intelligence decline defined by a difference between premorbid and current intelligence quotients (IQs). However, it has remained unclear whether white matter microstructures are related to intelligence decline. In the present study, the indices of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) obtained from 138 patients with schizophrenia and 554 healthy controls were analyzed. The patients were classified into three subgroups based on intelligence decline: deteriorated (94 patients), preserved (42 patients), and compromised IQ (2 patients) groups. Given that the DTI of each subject was acquired using either one of two different MRI scanners, we analyzed DTI indices separately for each scanner group. In the comparison between the deteriorated IQ group and the healthy controls, differences in some DTI indices were noted in three regions of interest irrespective of the MRI scanners, whereas differences in only one region of interest were noted between the preserved IQ group and the healthy controls. However, the comparisons between the deteriorated and preserved IQ groups did not show any reproducible differences. Together with the previous findings, it is thought that gray matter structures and functional connectivity are more promising as markers of intelligence decline in schizophrenia than white matter microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Matsumoto
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Sakai Y, Ito S, Matsumoto J, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa N, Ishimaru K, Miura K, Hashimoto R. Longitudinal characteristics of insight and clinical factors in patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:373-381. [PMID: 37377437 PMCID: PMC10496067 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder presenting a lack of insight. Although insight changes over time, longitudinal studies of insight in schizophrenia are scarce. Furthermore, most previous studies on insight and intelligence have not measured full-scale IQ and have not been able to examine the relationship between detailed dimensions of cognitive function and insight. In this study, we assessed insight at two time points and assessed dimensions of cognitive function. METHODS A total of 163 patients with schizophrenia participated in the study. We evaluated insight at two time points to understand the patterns of change and examined the association between insight and clinical variables. Additionally, we examined the relationship between the dimensions of cognitive function and insight. RESULTS The patients were divided into three groups based on their change in insight over time: stable at a low level of insight (poor insight), stable at a high level of insight (good insight), and changed in insight over time (unstable insight). Those in the poor insight group had lower general intelligence scores than those in the good insight and unstable insight groups. Regarding cognitive function, verbal comprehension was associated with the level of insight at baseline and follow-up. Regarding psychiatric symptoms, the poor insight group exhibited more severe symptoms than the other two groups, especially regarding positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our classification of patients based on changes in insight revealed that poor insight patients had impaired cognitive function, especially verbal comprehension, and more severe positive symptoms than good insight or unstable insight patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Sakai
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of PsychologyAtomi UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Satsuki Ito
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- The Division of Human Developmental Sciences, Department of Developmental and Clinical Psychology, Graduate School of Humanity and SciencesOchanomizu UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental ClinicMedical Corporation FosterOsakaJapan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
- Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Department of PsychiatryOsaka University, Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Keiichiro Ishimaru
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
- Faculty of Core ResearchOchanomizu UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental HealthNational Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
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Hashimoto Y, Greene C, Munnich A, Campbell M. The CLDN5 gene at the blood-brain barrier in health and disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 36978081 PMCID: PMC10044825 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The CLDN5 gene encodes claudin-5 (CLDN-5) that is expressed in endothelial cells and forms tight junctions which limit the passive diffusions of ions and solutes. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells and associated pericytes and end-feet of astrocytes, is a physical and biological barrier to maintain the brain microenvironment. The expression of CLDN-5 is tightly regulated in the BBB by other junctional proteins in endothelial cells and by supports from pericytes and astrocytes. The most recent literature clearly shows a compromised BBB with a decline in CLDN-5 expression increasing the risks of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, brain calcification and dementia. The purpose of this review is to summarize the known diseases associated with CLDN-5 expression and function. In the first part of this review, we highlight the recent understanding of how other junctional proteins as well as pericytes and astrocytes maintain CLDN-5 expression in brain endothelial cells. We detail some drugs that can enhance these supports and are being developed or currently in use to treat diseases associated with CLDN-5 decline. We then summarise mutagenesis-based studies which have facilitated a better understanding of the physiological role of the CLDN-5 protein at the BBB and have demonstrated the functional consequences of a recently identified pathogenic CLDN-5 missense mutation from patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood. This mutation is the first gain-of-function mutation identified in the CLDN gene family with all others representing loss-of-function mutations resulting in mis-localization of CLDN protein and/or attenuated barrier function. Finally, we summarize recent reports about the dosage-dependent effect of CLDN-5 expression on the development of neurological diseases in mice and discuss what cellular supports for CLDN-5 regulation are compromised in the BBB in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hashimoto
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland.
| | - Chris Greene
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology and Medical Genetics, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland.
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Murillo-García N, Ortíz-García de la Foz V, Miguel-Corredera M, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Setién-Suero E, Neergaard K, Moya-Higueras J, Crespo-Facorro B, Ayesa-Arriola R. Intelligence quotient changes over 10 years: Diversity of cognitive profiles in first episode of psychosis and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2023; 254:163-172. [PMID: 36905766 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to analyse whether intelligence quotient (IQ) improves, declines, or remains stable over 10 years among FEP patients and healthy subjects. METHODS A group of FEP patients enrolled in a Program of First Episode Psychosis in Spain called PAFIP, and a sample of Healthy Controls (HC) completed the same neuropsychological battery at baseline and approximately 10 years later, which included the WAIS vocabulary subtest to estimate premorbid IQ and 10-year IQ. Cluster analysis was performed separately in the patient group and the HC group to determine their profiles of intellectual change. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-seven FEP patients were grouped into five clusters: "Improved low IQ" (9.49 % of patients), "Improved average IQ" (14.6 %), "Preserved low IQ" (17.52 %), "Preserved average IQ" (43.06 %), and "Preserved high IQ" (15.33 %). Ninety HC were grouped into three clusters: "Preserved low IQ" (32.22 % of the HC), "Preserved average IQ" (44.44 %), and "Preserved high IQ" (23.33 %). The first two clusters of FEP patients, characterized by a low IQ, earlier age at illness onset, and lower educational attainment, showed a substantial cognitive improvement. The remaining clusters demonstrated cognitive stability. CONCLUSIONS The FEP patients showed intellectual improvement or stability, but no decline post-onset of psychosis. However, their profiles of intellectual change are more heterogeneous than that of HC over 10 years. Particularly, there is a subgroup of FEP patients with a significant potential for long-term cognitive enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Murillo-García
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Víctor Ortíz-García de la Foz
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | | | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Karl Neergaard
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain
| | | | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain; Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Research Group on Mental Illnesses, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research Network on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain.
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Sauder C, Allen LA, Baker E, Miller AC, Paul SM, Brannan SK. Effectiveness of KarXT (xanomeline-trospium) for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: post hoc analyses from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:491. [PMID: 36414626 PMCID: PMC9681874 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline improved cognition in phase 2 trials in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. We present data on the effect of KarXT (xanomeline-trospium) on cognition in schizophrenia from the 5-week, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled EMERGENT-1 trial (NCT03697252). Analyses included 125 patients with computerised Cogstate Brief Battery (CBB) subtest scores at baseline and endpoint. A post hoc subgroup analysis evaluated the effects of KarXT on cognitive performance in patients with or without clinically meaningful cognitive impairment at baseline, and a separate outlier analysis excluded patients with excessive intraindividual variability (IIV) across cognitive subdomains. ANCOVA models assessed treatment effects for completers and impairment subgroups, with or without removal of outliers. Sample-wide, cognitive improvement was numerically but not statistically greater with KarXT (n = 60) than placebo (n = 65), p = 0.16. However, post hoc analyses showed 65 patients did not exhibit clinically meaningful cognitive impairment at baseline, while eight patients had implausibly high IIV at one or both timepoints. Significant treatment effects were observed after removing outliers (KarXT n = 54, placebo n = 63; p = 0.04). Despite the small sample size, a robust (d = 0.50) and significant effect was observed among patients with cognitive impairment (KarXT n = 23, placebo n = 37; p = 0.03). These effects did not appear to be related to improvement in PANSS total scores (linear regression, R2 = 0.03). Collectively, these findings suggest that KarXT may have a separable and meaningful impact on cognition, particularly among patients with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luke A. Allen
- grid.450548.80000 0004 0447 0405Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth Baker
- grid.450548.80000 0004 0447 0405Cambridge Cognition, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Goonathilake P, Ediriweera D, Ruban R, Isuru A. Prevalence and correlates of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study from a teaching hospital southern Sri Lanka. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:716. [PMID: 36397028 PMCID: PMC9670486 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTIONS This study assessed the prevalence of cognitive impairment, the degree of impairment in individual cognitive domains and sociodemographic and clinical correlates among patients attending to psychiatry clinics at Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Sri Lanka. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out at the psychiatry outpatient clinics of Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Sri Lanka. Their cognitive functions were assessed using the culturally validated Sinhala version of Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination - III (ACE-III-S). ACE-III-S score below 85.5 was considered as significant cognitive impairment. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the factors associated with cognitive impairment. A P value of 0.05 is considered significant. RESULTS One hundred forty patients with schizophrenia were assessed. Of this, 125 patients had significant cognitive impairment with a prevalence of 89.3% (95% CI:84.1-94.5). Impairment in each cognitive domain was as follows: 60% in attention, 65.7% in memory, 55% in fluency, 61.4% in language, and 63.6% in visuospatial skills. Impairment was not different between cognitive domains. Advancing age (P < 0.001), shorter duration of formal education (P = < 0.001), longer duration of illness (P = < 0.001) and not having a full-time employment (P = 0.020) showed a positive association with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Nine out of ten patients with schizophrenia experienced significant cognitive impairment. Patients showed more than 50% impairment in all cognitive domains. The cognitive domains did not show disproportionate impairment. This study highlights the importance of introducing routine cognitive assessment protocols in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dileepa Ediriweera
- grid.45202.310000 0000 8631 5388Health Data Science Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Rumi Ruban
- Mental Health Unit, Teaching Hospital Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka
| | - Amila Isuru
- grid.430357.60000 0004 0433 2651Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
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10
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Herwerth L, Prinz K, Brauner H, Müller K, Fleischhaker C. Psychosen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis im Jugendalter: Einflussfaktoren auf Neuropsychologie, Behandlungserfolg und Negativsymptomatik. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR KINDER- UND JUGENDPSYCHIATRIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2022; 51:196-206. [PMID: 36205021 DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Fragestellung: Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, Einflussfaktoren auf den Erkrankungsverlauf von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit der Diagnose einer Psychose aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis in einer stationären Eingliederungsmaßnahme zu untersuchen. Methodik: 33 Patient_innen (Durchschnittsalter 19.4 Jahre, SD = 2.3), davon 12 (36 %) weiblich, nahmen teil. Diese wurden mit klinischen Interviews (IRAOS, SANS/SAPS), neuropsychologischen Tests (WAIS-IV, TMT) und Fragebögen (FBB, BSCL) untersucht. Ergebnis: Korreliert waren das neuropsychologische Funktionsniveau und die prämorbide kognitive Leistungsfähigkeit, ebenso der Behandlungserfolg aus Patientensicht und eine gute Beziehung zum Therapeuten bzw. zur Therapeutin, außerdem eine stärkere Negativsymptomatik mit einer längeren Dauer der unbehandelten Psychose (DUP) und einem längeren ersten Krankenhausaufenthalt. Schlussfolgerung: Mögliche Ansatzpunkte zur besseren Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit Psychosen aus dem schizophrenen Formenkreis stellen eine Verkürzung der DUP und eine gute therapeutische Beziehung dar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette Herwerth
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Deutschland
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Katharina Prinz
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Deutschland
- Geteilte Erstautorenschaft
| | - Heike Brauner
- Psychotherapeutisches Wohnheim für junge Menschen Leppermühle, Buseck bei Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Katarina Müller
- Psychotherapeutisches Wohnheim für junge Menschen Leppermühle, Buseck bei Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Christian Fleischhaker
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik im Kindes- und Jugendalter, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Deutschland
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11
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Buonocore M, Spangaro M, Bechi M, Trezzani S, Terragni R, Martini F, Agostoni G, Cocchi F, Cuoco F, Guglielmino C, Bosia M, Cavallaro R. Cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: What happens after 10 years? Schizophr Res Cogn 2022; 29:100251. [PMID: 35402166 PMCID: PMC8983434 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive Remediation Therapy (CRT) represents the gold standard treatment for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, but the permanence of its effects over time have been poorly investigated. Our study aims to evaluate long lasting cognitive and functional effects of CRT together with standard rehabilitation interventions (SRT) in a group of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 10 years after the end of the treatment. Forty patients, previously included in a 5-year follow-up study evaluating the effects of CRT combined with SRT, were revalued 10 years after the complete of the intervention. Results revealed that cognitive and functional improvements of combined CRT/SRT interventions are still preserved 10 years after the end of the treatments, with the only exception of psychomotor speed and coordination cognitive subdomain. Moreover, investigating persistence of the influence of SRT, patients that underwent a shorter SRT following CRT (six months vs one year) showed worsened processing speed abilities. This is the first study confirming that cognitive and functional improvements of joint CRT/SRT interventions are still conserved 10 years after the end of the treatments. Preliminary datas suggest that a longer SRT following CRT may lead to significant benefits, in terms of cognitive gains, in patients affected by schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariachiara Buonocore
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Spangaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Bechi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesca Martini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Cocchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Cuoco
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmelo Guglielmino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Bosia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Cavallaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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12
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Onitsuka T, Hirano Y, Nakazawa T, Ichihashi K, Miura K, Inada K, Mitoma R, Yasui-Furukori N, Hashimoto R. Toward recovery in schizophrenia: Current concepts, findings, and future research directions. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:282-291. [PMID: 35235256 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia was initially defined as "dementia praecox" by E. Kraepelin, which implies progressive deterioration. However, recent studies have revealed that early effective intervention may lead to social and functional recovery in schizophrenia. In this review, we provide an overview of current concepts in schizophrenia and pathophysiological hypotheses. In addition, we present recent findings from clinical and basic research on schizophrenia. Recent neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies have consistently revealed specific biological differences in the structure and function of the brain in those with schizophrenia. From a basic research perspective, to determine the essential pathophysiology underlying schizophrenia, it is crucial that findings from all lines of inquiry-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural cells from patients, murine models expressing genetic mutations identified in patients, and patient clinical data-be integrated to contextualize the analysis results. However, the findings remain insufficient to serve as a diagnostic tool or a biomarker for predicting schizophrenia-related outcomes. Collaborations to conduct clinical research based on the patients' and their families' values are just beginning, and further development is expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuroimaging Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayo Ichihashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Inada
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryo Mitoma
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Yasui-Furukori
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Kashiwagi H, Matsumoto J, Miura K, Takeda K, Yamada Y, Fujimoto M, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Ikeda M, Hirabayashi N, Hashimoto R. Neurocognitive features, personality traits, and social function in patients with schizophrenia with a history of violence. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 147:50-58. [PMID: 35021134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent literature examining associations between cognitive function, clinical features, and violence in patients with schizophrenia has been growing; however, the results are inconsistent. Reports on social function and personality are limited. These studies are yet to be reflected in risk assessment tools and management plans. The aim of this study is to provide a resource for risk assessment and intervention studies by conducting multifaceted well-established assessments in a large population. Data from 355 patients with schizophrenia (112 patients with a history of violence; 243 patients without a history of violence) and 1265 healthy subjects were extracted from a large database of individuals with mental disorders in a general psychiatric population in Japan. The associations between violence in patients with schizophrenia and intellectual function, cognitive function (memory function, executive function, attentional function, verbal learning, processing speed, social cognition), clinical variables, personality traits, social function, and quality of life (QOL) were analyzed. Compared with healthy subjects, the schizophrenia group had broadly impaired cognitive function and social cognition, and their personality traits showed similar differences as those reported previously. Patients with schizophrenia with a history of violence showed significantly more impaired visual memory function (P = 1.9 × 10-5, Cohen's d = 0.34), longer hospitalization (P = 5.9 × 10-4, Cohen's d = 0.38), more severe excited factor on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (P = 1.6 × 10-4, Cohen's d = 0.47), higher self-transcendence personality construct on the Temperament and Character Inventory (P = 1.8 × 10-4, Cohen's d = 0.46), and shorter total working hours per week (P = 4.8 × 10-4, Cohen's d = 0.53) than those with schizophrenia without a history of violence. New findings, including impaired visual memory, a high self-transcendence personality trait, and shorter total working hours, could be focused on in future interventional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Kashiwagi
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan; Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Koji Takeda
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan; Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamada
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan; Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, 531-0075, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Japan Community Healthcare Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, 553-0003, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naotsugu Hirabayashi
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, 187-8551, Japan.
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14
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Onitsuka T, Hirano Y, Nemoto K, Hashimoto N, Kushima I, Koshiyama D, Koeda M, Takahashi T, Noda Y, Matsumoto J, Miura K, Nakazawa T, Hikida T, Kasai K, Ozaki N, Hashimoto R. Trends in big data analyses by multicenter collaborative translational research in psychiatry. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 76:1-14. [PMID: 34716732 PMCID: PMC9306748 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The underlying pathologies of psychiatric disorders, which cause substantial personal and social losses, remain unknown, and their elucidation is an urgent issue. To clarify the core pathological mechanisms underlying psychiatric disorders, in addition to laboratory-based research that incorporates the latest findings, it is necessary to conduct large-sample-size research and verify reproducibility. For this purpose, it is critical to conduct multicenter collaborative research across various fields, such as psychiatry, neuroscience, molecular biology, genomics, neuroimaging, cognitive science, neurophysiology, psychology, and pharmacology. Moreover, collaborative research plays an important role in the development of young researchers. In this respect, the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium and Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) have played important roles. In this review, we first overview the importance of multicenter collaborative research and our target psychiatric disorders. Then, we introduce research findings on the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders from neurocognitive, neurophysiological, neuroimaging, genetic, and basic neuroscience perspectives, focusing mainly on the findings obtained by COCORO. It is our hope that multicenter collaborative research will contribute to the elucidation of the pathological basis of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuroimaging Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michihiko Koeda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Nippon Medical School, Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan.,Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Hikida
- Laboratory for Advanced Brain Functions, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Ohi K, Nishizawa D, Sugiyama S, Takai K, Kuramitsu A, Hasegawa J, Soda M, Kitaichi K, Hashimoto R, Ikeda K, Shioiri T. Polygenic Risk Scores Differentiating Schizophrenia From Bipolar Disorder Are Associated With Premorbid Intelligence in Schizophrenia Patients and Healthy Subjects. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 24:562-569. [PMID: 33738471 PMCID: PMC8299820 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairments in intelligence are more severe in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) than in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) despite clinical and genetic similarities between the disorders. Genetic loci differentiating SCZ from BD, that is, SCZ-specific risk, have been identified. Polygenetic [risk] scores (PGSs) for SCZ-specific risk are higher in SCZ patients than in healthy controls (HCs). However, the influence of genetic risk on impaired intelligence is poorly understood. Here, we investigated whether SCZ-specific risk could predict impairments in intelligence in SCZ patients and HCs. METHODS Large-scale genome-wide association study datasets related to SCZ vs BD, childhood intelligence (CHI), and adulthood intelligence (n = 12 441-282 014) were utilized to compute PGSs. PGSs derived from the genome-wide association studies were calculated for 130 patients with SCZ and 146 HCs. Premorbid and current intelligence and the decline were measured in SCZ patients and HCs. Correlations between PGSs and intelligence functions were investigated. RESULTS High PGSs for SCZ-specific risk were correlated with low premorbid intelligence in SCZ patients and HCs (β = -0.17, P = 4.12 × 10-3). The correlation was still significant after adjusting for diagnostic status (β = -0.13, P = .024). There were no significant correlations between PGSs for SCZ-specific risk and current intelligence or intelligence decline (P > .05). PGSs for CHI were lower in SCZ patients than in HCs (R2 = 0.025, P = .025), while the PGSs for CHI were not significantly correlated with premorbid and current intelligence, the decline, or the PGSs for SCZ-specific risk (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that genetic factors differentiating SCZ from BD might affect the pathogenesis of SCZ and/or pathological differences between SCZ and BD via the impairment of premorbid intelligence, that is, crystallized intelligence, while genetic factors for CHI might affect the pathogenesis of SCZ but not via impairments in intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishizawa
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuramitsu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Junko Hasegawa
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Soda
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kiyoyuki Kitaichi
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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16
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Reckziegel R, Czepielewski LS, Hasse-Sousa M, Martins DS, de Britto MJ, Lapa CDO, Schwartzhaupt AW, Gama CS. Heterogeneous trajectories in schizophrenia: insights from neurodevelopment and neuroprogression models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 44:74-80. [PMID: 33886948 PMCID: PMC8827372 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The notion that schizophrenia is a neuroprogressive disorder is based on clinical perception of cumulative impairments over time and is supported by neuroimaging and biomarker research. Nevertheless, increasing evidence has indicated that schizophrenia first emerges as a neurodevelopmental disorder that could follow various pathways, some of them neuroprogressive. The objective of this review is to revisit basic research on cognitive processes and neuroimaging findings in a search for candidate keys to the intricate connections between neurodevelopment and neuroprogression in schizophrenia. In the complete panorama, schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder, possibly associated with an additional burden over the course of the disease through pathologically accelerated aging, and cognitive heterogeneity may explain the different trajectories of each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Reckziegel
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia S Czepielewski
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Departamento de Psicologia do Desenvolvimento e da Personalidade, Instituto de Psicologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mathias Hasse-Sousa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Dayane S Martins
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria J de Britto
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clara de O Lapa
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandre W Schwartzhaupt
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clarissa S Gama
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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17
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Ohi K, Takai K, Sugiyama S, Kitagawa H, Kataoka Y, Soda M, Kitaichi K, Kawasaki Y, Ito M, Shioiri T. Intelligence decline across major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. CNS Spectr 2021:1-7. [PMID: 33731244 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852921000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) are associated with impaired intelligence that predicts poor functional outcomes. However, little is known regarding the extent and severity of intelligence decline, that is, decreased present intelligence quotient (IQ) relative to premorbid levels, across psychiatric disorders and which clinical characteristics affect the decline. METHODS Premorbid IQ, present IQ, and intelligence decline were compared across patients with MDD (n = 45), BD (n = 30), and SCZ (n = 139), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 135). Furthermore, we investigated which factors contribute to the intelligence decline in each diagnostic group. RESULTS Significant differences were observed in premorbid IQ, present IQ, and intelligence decline across the diagnostic groups. Patients with each psychiatric disorder displayed lower premorbid and present IQ and more intelligence decline than HCs. Patients with SCZ displayed lower premorbid and present IQ and more intelligence decline than patients with MDD and BD, while there were no significant differences between patients with MDD and BD. When patients with BD were divided based on bipolar I disorder (BD-I) and bipolar II disorder (BD-II), degrees of intelligence decline were similar between MDD and BD-II and between BD-I and SCZ. Lower educational attainment was correlated with a greater degree of intelligence decline in patients with SCZ and BD but not MDD. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm that although all psychiatric disorders display intelligence decline, the severity of intelligence decline differs across psychiatric disorders (SCZ, BD-I > BD-II, MDD > HCs). Higher educational attainment as cognitive reserve contributes to protection against intelligence decline in BD and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kitagawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Kataoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Midori Soda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kiyoyuki Kitaichi
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | | | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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18
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Wolf A, Ueda K, Hirano Y. Recent updates of eye movement abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia: A scoping review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 75:82-100. [PMID: 33314465 PMCID: PMC7986125 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Although eye-tracking technology expands beyond capturing eye data just for the sole purpose of ensuring participants maintain their gaze at the presented fixation cross, gaze technology remains of less importance in clinical research. Recently, impairments in visual information encoding processes indexed by novel gaze metrics have been frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia. This work undertakes a scoping review of research on saccadic dysfunctions and exploratory eye movement deficits among patients with schizophrenia. It gathers promising pieces of evidence of eye movement abnormalities in attention-demanding tasks on the schizophrenia spectrum that have mounted in recent years and their outcomes as potential biological markers. METHODS The protocol was drafted based on PRISMA for scoping review guidelines. Electronic databases were systematically searched to identify articles published between 2010 and 2020 that examined visual processing in patients with schizophrenia and reported eye movement characteristics as potential biomarkers for this mental illness. RESULTS The use of modern eye-tracking instrumentation has been reported by numerous neuroscientific studies to successfully and non-invasively improve the detection of visual information processing impairments among the screened population at risk of and identified with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS Eye-tracking technology has the potential to contribute to the process of early intervention and more apparent separation of the diagnostic entities, being put together by the syndrome-based approach to the diagnosis of schizophrenia. However, context-processing paradigms should be conducted and reported in equally accessible publications to build comprehensive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wolf
- International Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Human Science, Research Center for Applied Perceptual Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuo Ueda
- Department of Human Science, Research Center for Applied Perceptual Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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19
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Takahashi J, Miura K, Morita K, Fujimoto M, Miyata S, Okazaki K, Matsumoto J, Hasegawa N, Hirano Y, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Makinodan M, Kasai K, Ozaki N, Onitsuka T, Hashimoto R. Effects of age and sex on eye movement characteristics. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2021; 41:152-158. [PMID: 33615745 PMCID: PMC8340818 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal eye movements are often associated with psychiatric disorders. Eye movements are sensorimotor functions of the brain, and aging and sex would affect their characteristics. A precise understanding of normal eye movements is required to distinguish disease-related abnormalities from natural differences associated with aging or sex. To date, there is no multicohort study examining age-related dependency and sex effects of eye movements in healthy, normal individuals using large samples to ensure the robustness and reproducibility of the results. In this study, we aimed to provide findings showing the impact of age and sex on eye movement measures. The present study used eye movement measures of more than seven hundred healthy individuals from three large independent cohorts. We herein evaluated eye movement measures quantified by using a set of standard eye movement tests that have been utilized for the examination of patients with schizophrenia. We assessed the statistical significance of the effects of age and sex and its reproducibility across cohorts. We found that 4-18 out of 35 eye movement measures were significantly correlated with age, depending on the cohort, and that 10 of those, which are related to the fixation and motor control of smooth pursuit and saccades, showed high reproducibility. On the other hand, the effects of sex, if any, were less reproducible. The present results suggest that we should take age into account when we evaluate abnormalities in eye movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiko Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kosuke Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Yoji Hirano
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Makinodan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Onitsuka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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20
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Okada KI, Miura K, Fujimoto M, Morita K, Yoshida M, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Iwase M, Inagaki M, Shinozaki T, Fujita I, Hashimoto R. Impaired inhibition of return during free-viewing behaviour in patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3237. [PMID: 33547381 PMCID: PMC7865073 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia affects various aspects of cognitive and behavioural functioning. Eye movement abnormalities are commonly observed in patients with schizophrenia (SZs). Here we examined whether such abnormalities reflect an anomaly in inhibition of return (IOR), the mechanism that inhibits orienting to previously fixated or attended locations. We analyzed spatiotemporal patterns of eye movement during free-viewing of visual images including natural scenes, geometrical patterns, and pseudorandom noise in SZs and healthy control participants (HCs). SZs made saccades to previously fixated locations more frequently than HCs. The time lapse from the preceding saccade was longer for return saccades than for forward saccades in both SZs and HCs, but the difference was smaller in SZs. SZs explored a smaller area than HCs. Generalized linear mixed-effect model analysis indicated that the frequent return saccades served to confine SZs' visual exploration to localized regions. The higher probability of return saccades in SZs was related to cognitive decline after disease onset but not to the dose of prescribed antipsychotics. We conclude that SZs exhibited attenuated IOR under free-viewing conditions, which led to restricted scene scanning. IOR attenuation will be a useful clue for detecting impairment in attention/orienting control and accompanying cognitive decline in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Okada
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Present Address: Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8638 Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- grid.412708.80000 0004 1764 7572Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, 113-8655 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Yoshida
- grid.467811.d0000 0001 2272 1771Department of Developmental Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan ,grid.275033.00000 0004 1763 208XSchool of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Kanagawa, 240-0193 Japan ,grid.39158.360000 0001 2173 7691Center for Human Nature, Artificial Intelligence, and Neuroscience, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, 060-0812 Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.460257.2Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, 553-0003 Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan ,Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, 530-0012 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Mikio Inagaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Takashi Shinozaki
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ichiro Fujita
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, and Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Ogawa-Higashi 4-1-1, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8553 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
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21
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Matsumoto J, Fukunaga M, Miura K, Nemoto K, Koshiyama D, Okada N, Morita K, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa N, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Relationship between white matter microstructure and work hours. Neurosci Lett 2020; 740:135428. [PMID: 33086092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human social activities are realized by a synergy of neuronal activity over various regions of the brain, which is supported by their connectivity. In the present study, we examined associations between social activities, represented by work hours, and brain connectivity as quantified using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In 483 healthy participants, DTI analysis was performed using 3 T magnetic resonance imaging, and work hours were calculated, considering hours of paid employment (the "Work for Pay" category), hours of housework (the "Work at Home" category), and hours of school-related study (the "Student" category). The correlations between each class of work time and DTI indices were analyzed. The mean diffusivity (MD) values of the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) and the superior fronto-occipital fasciculus (SFO) were negatively correlated with total work hours (ALIC: r = -0.192, p = 2.3 × 10-5; SFO: r = -0.161, p = 3.8 × 10-4). We also found that the MD values of the ALIC and the SFO were correlated with work hours in the Work for Pay category (ALIC: r = -0.211, p = 3.2 × 10-6; SFO: r = -0.163, p = 3.4 × 10-4) but not with those in the Work at Home category or the Student category. These results suggest that social activity is associated with the white matter microstructure of the ALIC and the SFO. The main difference between "Work for Pay" and the other two social activities appears to be the type of motivation-for example, external versus internal. Therefore, the white matter microstructure of the ALIC and SFO may be related to externally motivated social activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, 4-2-78 Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka, Osaka 553-0003, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Medical Corporation Foster, 1-3-11, Oyodominami, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka, 531-0075, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University, Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naomi Hasegawa
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan; Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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22
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Koshiyama D, Fukunaga M, Okada N, Morita K, Nemoto K, Yamashita F, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Matsumoto J, Fujimoto M, Kudo N, Azechi H, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Association between the superior longitudinal fasciculus and perceptual organization and working memory: A diffusion tensor imaging study. Neurosci Lett 2020; 738:135349. [PMID: 32889005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) is a white matter structure that has long bidirectional projections among the prefrontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal cortices and extends over a wide area in a human brain. Recently, anatomical details of the SLF have been clarified using a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) template of subjects from the Human Connectome Project. However, the neurobehavioral functions of the SLF have not been fully elucidated. It is speculated that the SLF contributes to a broad cognitive domain including visuospatial nonverbal cognitive ability and verbal memory ability because of its anatomical location; however, previous findings in imaging studies are inconsistent. Showing the contribution of the SLF to cognitive function may be important for improving our understanding of the functional role of white matter structures in the human brain. This study aimed to identify the relationship between DTI indices of the SLF and the Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Organization, Working Memory and Processing Speed Indices of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition using regression analysis, accounting for the effects of age, sex and scanner type in 583 healthy volunteers. We showed significant correlations between the fractional anisotropy of the left SLF and the Perceptual Organization Index (β = 0.21, p = 4.5×10-4) and Working Memory Index (β = 0.19, p = 4.0×10-4). These findings may have implications for the rehabilitation of cognitive function in patients with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Japan Community Health Care Organization, Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Kudo
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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23
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Koshiyama D, Miura K, Nemoto K, Okada N, Matsumoto J, Fukunaga M, Hashimoto R. Neuroimaging studies within Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization aiming to replicate and extend works of ENIGMA. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 43:182-193. [PMID: 32501580 PMCID: PMC8675417 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproducibility is one of the most important issues for generalizing the results of clinical research; however, low reproducibility in neuroimaging studies is well known. To overcome this problem, the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium, an international neuroimaging consortium, established standard protocols for imaging analysis and employs either meta‐ and mega‐analyses of psychiatric disorders with large sample sizes. The Cognitive Genetics Collaborative Research Organization (COCORO) in Japan promotes neurobiological studies in psychiatry and has successfully replicated and extended works of ENIGMA especially for neuroimaging studies. For example, (a) the ENIGMA consortium showed subcortical regional volume alterations in patients with schizophrenia (n = 2,028) compared to controls (n = 2,540) across 15 cohorts using meta‐analysis. COCORO replicated the volumetric changes in patients with schizophrenia (n = 884) compared to controls (n = 1,680) using the ENIGMA imaging analysis protocol and mega‐analysis. Furthermore, a schizophrenia‐specific leftward asymmetry for the pallidum volume was demonstrated; and (b) the ENIGMA consortium identified white matter microstructural alterations in patients with schizophrenia (n = 1,963) compared to controls (n = 2,359) across 29 cohorts. Using the ENIGMA protocol, a study from COCORO showed similar results in patients with schizophrenia (n = 696) compared to controls (n = 1,506) from 12 sites using mega‐analysis. Moreover, the COCORO study found that schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (n = 211) and autism spectrum disorder (n = 126), but not major depressive disorder (n = 398), share similar white matter microstructural alterations, compared to controls. Further replication and harmonization of the ENIGMA consortium and COCORO will contribute to the generalization of their research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junya Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Yasuda Y, Okada N, Nemoto K, Fukunaga M, Yamamori H, Ohi K, Koshiyama D, Kudo N, Shiino T, Morita S, Morita K, Azechi H, Fujimoto M, Miura K, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Brain morphological and functional features in cognitive subgroups of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:191-203. [PMID: 31793131 PMCID: PMC7065166 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies have reported different brain morphologies in different cognitive subgroups of patients with schizophrenia. We aimed to examine the brain structures and functional connectivity in these cognitive subgroups of schizophrenia. METHODS We compared brain structures among healthy controls and cognitively deteriorated and preserved subgroups of patients with schizophrenia according to the decline in IQ. Connectivity analyses between subcortical regions and other brain areas were performed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging among the groups. RESULTS Whole brain and total cortical gray matter, right fusiform gyrus, left pars orbitalis gyrus, right pars triangularis, left superior temporal gyrus and left insula volumes, and bilateral cortical thickness were decreased in the deteriorated group compared to the control and preserved groups. Both schizophrenia subgroups had increased left lateral ventricle, right putamen and left pallidum, and decreased bilateral hippocampus, left precentral gyrus, right rostral middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral superior frontal gyrus volumes compared with controls. Hyperconnectivity between the thalamus and a broad range of brain regions was observed in the deteriorated group compared to connectivity in the control group, and this hyperconnectivity was less evident in the preserved group. We also found hyperconnectivity between the accumbens and the superior and middle frontal gyri in the preserved group compared with connectivity in the deteriorated group. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence of prominent structural and functional brain abnormalities in deteriorated patients with schizophrenia, suggesting that cognitive subgroups in schizophrenia might be useful biotypes to elucidate brain pathophysiology for new diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yasuda
- Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Medical Corporation Foster, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,World Premier International-International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Community Health Care Organization (JCHO), Osaka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.,Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Kudo
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shiino
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Susumu Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,World Premier International-International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Future Diagnostic Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,World Premier International-International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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25
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Kudo N, Yamamori H, Ishima T, Nemoto K, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Azechi H, Niitsu T, Numata S, Ikeda M, Iyo M, Ohmori T, Fukunaga M, Watanabe Y, Hashimoto K, Hashimoto R. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are associated with cognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:150-156. [PMID: 32022478 PMCID: PMC7722656 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) has been shown to modulate synaptic plasticity and may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study investigated the peripheral levels of MMP‐9 and its association with cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia to see the possible involvement of MMP‐9 in pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially in cognitive decline. Methods We measured the plasma levels of MMP‐9 in 257 healthy controls and 249 patients with schizophrenia, including antipsychotic drug–free patients. We also explored the possible association between plasma MMP‐9 levels and cognitive performance in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition (WAIS‐ III), the Wechsler Memory Scale‐Revised (WMS‐R), and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT). Results We found that the plasma levels of MMP‐9 were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia, including antipsychotic drug–free patients, than in healthy controls. We found a significant negative association between plasma MMP‐9 levels and cognitive performance in controls and patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion Together, these convergent data suggest a possible biological mechanism for schizophrenia, whereby increased MMP‐9 levels are associated with cognitive impairment. Plasma levels of MMP‐9 were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia and significant negative association between plasma MMP‐9 levels and cognitive performance was observed in controls and patients with schizophrenia.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kudo
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Japan Community Health care Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Niitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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26
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Coulon N, Godin O, Bulzacka E, Dubertret C, Mallet J, Fond G, Brunel L, Andrianarisoa M, Anderson G, Chereau I, Denizot H, Rey R, Dorey JM, Lançon C, Faget C, Roux P, Passerieux C, Dubreucq J, Leignier S, Capdevielle D, André M, Aouizerate B, Misdrahi D, Berna F, Vidailhet P, Leboyer M, Schürhoff F. Early and very early-onset schizophrenia compared with adult-onset schizophrenia: French FACE-SZ database. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01495. [PMID: 31908151 PMCID: PMC7010576 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the clinical symptomatology in patients with Early-Onset Schizophrenia (EOS, N = 176), especially the subgroup Very Early Onset Schizophrenia (VEOS) and Adult Onset Schizophrenia (AOS, N = 551). METHOD In a large French multicentric sample, 727 stable schizophrenia patients, classified by age at onset of the disorder, were assessed using standardized and extensive clinical and neuropsychological batteries: AOS with onset ≥ 18 years and EOS with onset < 18 years (including 22 VEOS < 13 years). RESULTS The importance of better diagnosing EOS group, and in particularly VEOS, appeared in a longer DUP Duration of Untreated Psychosis (respectively, 2.6 years ± 4.1 and 8.1 years ± 5.7 vs. 1.0 years ± 2.5), more severe symptomatology (PANSS Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale scores), and lower educational level than the AOS group. In addition, the VEOS subgroup had a more frequent childhood history of learning disabilities and lower prevalence of right-handedness quotient than the AOS. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the existence of an increased gradient of clinical severity from AOS to VEOS. In order to improve the prognosis of the early forms of schizophrenia and to reduce the DUP, clinicians need to pay attention to the prodromal manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Coulon
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, DHU Pe-PSY, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,INSERM U894, AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Colombes, France
| | - Ophélia Godin
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, DHU Pe-PSY, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Ewa Bulzacka
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, DHU Pe-PSY, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U894, AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Colombes, France
| | - Jasmina Mallet
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U894, AP-HP, Department of Psychiatry, Louis Mourier Hospital, Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de médecine, Colombes, France
| | - Guillaume Fond
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,EA 3279 : CEReSS -Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Services de Santé et la Qualité de vie, Aix-Marseille Univ, Faculté de Médecine, Marseille, France
| | - Lore Brunel
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, DHU Pe-PSY, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Méja Andrianarisoa
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, DHU Pe-PSY, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | - Isabelle Chereau
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, EA 7280 Auvergne University, BP 69, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Denizot
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, EA 7280 Auvergne University, BP 69, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Romain Rey
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Michel Dorey
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Bron Cedex, France
| | - Christophe Lançon
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Department of Psychiatry (AP-HM), Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Faget
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Department of Psychiatry (AP-HM), Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Roux
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Christine Passerieux
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Versailles Hospital, Le Chesnay, France
| | - Julien Dubreucq
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Psychosocial Rehabilitation Reference Center, Alpes Isère Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Leignier
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Psychosocial Rehabilitation Reference Center, Alpes Isère Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Delphine Capdevielle
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM 1061, University Department of Adult Psychiatry, La Colombiere Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Myrtille André
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM 1061, University Department of Adult Psychiatry, La Colombiere Hospital, CHU Montpellier, University of Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France
| | - Bruno Aouizerate
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - David Misdrahi
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,Department of Adult Psychiatry, Charles Perrens Hospital, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U1114, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Federation of Translational Psychiatry, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Vidailhet
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U1114, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Federation of Translational Psychiatry, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, DHU Pe-PSY, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Franck Schürhoff
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France.,INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, DHU Pe-PSY, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d'Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, France
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27
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White matter microstructural alterations across four major psychiatric disorders: mega-analysis study in 2937 individuals. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:883-895. [PMID: 31780770 PMCID: PMC7156346 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Identifying both the commonalities and differences in brain structures among psychiatric disorders is important for understanding the pathophysiology. Recently, the ENIGMA-Schizophrenia DTI Working Group performed a large-scale meta-analysis and reported widespread white matter microstructural alterations in schizophrenia; however, no similar cross-disorder study has been carried out to date. Here, we conducted mega-analyses comparing white matter microstructural differences between healthy comparison subjects (HCS; N = 1506) and patients with schizophrenia (N = 696), bipolar disorder (N = 211), autism spectrum disorder (N = 126), or major depressive disorder (N = 398; total N = 2937 from 12 sites). In comparison with HCS, we found that schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder share similar white matter microstructural differences in the body of the corpus callosum; schizophrenia and bipolar disorder featured comparable changes in the limbic system, such as the fornix and cingulum. By comparison, alterations in tracts connecting neocortical areas, such as the uncinate fasciculus, were observed only in schizophrenia. No significant difference was found in major depressive disorder. In a direct comparison between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, there were no significant differences. Significant differences between schizophrenia/bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder were found in the limbic system, which were similar to the differences in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder relative to HCS. While schizophrenia and bipolar disorder may have similar pathological characteristics, the biological characteristics of major depressive disorder may be close to those of HCS. Our findings provide insights into nosology and encourage further investigations of shared and unique pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders.
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28
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Morita K, Miura K, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia: A recent update with clinical implications. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 40:2-9. [PMID: 31774633 PMCID: PMC7292223 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eye movements are indispensable for the collection of visual information in everyday life. Many findings regarding the neural basis of eye movements have been accumulated from neurophysiological and psychophysical studies. In the field of psychiatry, studies on eye movement characteristics in mental illnesses have been conducted since the early 1900s. Participants with schizophrenia are known to have characteristic eye movements during smooth pursuit, saccade control, and visual search. Recently, studies evaluating eye movement characteristics as biomarkers for schizophrenia have attracted considerable attention. In this article, we review the neurophysiological basis of eye movement control and eye movement characteristics in schizophrenia. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects for eye movements as biomarkers for mental illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Morita
- Department of Rehabilitation, University of Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health, Tokyo, Japan.,Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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29
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Shiino T, Miura K, Fujimoto M, Kudo N, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Ikeda M, Hashimoto R. Comparison of eye movements in schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2019; 40:92-95. [PMID: 31774635 PMCID: PMC7292215 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Eye movement abnormalities are often associated with psychiatric illness. Subjects with either schizophrenia or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been reported to show eye movement abnormalities. However, it is still unclear whether eye movement abnormalities in schizophrenia and in ASD have common features. This study aimed to understand the similarities/differences in eye movement abnormalities of subjects with schizophrenia and those with ASD. Methods We analyzed 75 eye movement characteristics of 83 subjects with schizophrenia, 17 subjects with ASD and 255 healthy controls that were collected during fixation, smooth pursuit and free viewing tasks using analysis of covariance with the covariates age and sex. Results We found significant effects across groups on 21 eye movement characteristics, of which 4 characteristics had large effect sizes. Post hoc multiple comparisons indicated significant differences between the subjects with schizophrenia and healthy controls across all 21 characteristics. On the other hand, no significant difference between the ASD group and healthy control group was found. Instead, the subjects with ASD showed significant differences from the subjects with schizophrenia in 5 eye movement characteristics during the free viewing and smooth pursuit eye movements. Conclusions The present results suggest that eye movement abnormalities in the subjects with ASD are different from those with schizophrenia and that the tasks in this study are suitable to detect eye movement abnormality in schizophrenia. Thus, the eye movement examinations used here may distinguish subjects with schizophrenia from those with ASD. This study aimed to understand the similarities/differences in eye movement abnormalities of subjects with schizophrenia and those with ASD. The subjects with ASD showed significant differences from the subjects with schizophrenia in five characteristics during the free viewing and smooth pursuit eye movements. The results suggest that eye movement abnormalities in the subjects with ASD are different from those with schizophrenia.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Shiino
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Division of Psychosocial Support for Nurturing, Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Eiheiji, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Noriko Kudo
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Japan Community Health care Organization, Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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30
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Morita K, Miura K, Fujimoto M, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Kudo N, Azechi H, Okada N, Koshiyama D, Ikeda M, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Eye movement abnormalities and their association with cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2019; 209:255-262. [PMID: 30661730 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eye movement abnormalities have been identified in schizophrenia; however, their relevance to cognition is still unknown. In this study, we explored the general relationship between eye movements and cognitive function. METHODS The three eye movement measures (scanpath length, horizontal position gain, and duration of fixations) that were previously reported to be useful in distinguishing subjects with schizophrenia from healthy subjects, as well as Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III) scores, were collected and tested for association in 113 subjects with schizophrenia and 404 healthy subjects. RESULTS Scanpath length was positively correlated with matrix reasoning and digit symbol coding in subjects with schizophrenia and correlated with vocabulary and symbol search in healthy subjects. Upon testing for interaction effects of diagnosis and scanpath length on correlated WAIS-III scores, a significant interaction effect was only observed for matrix reasoning. The positive correlation between scanpath length and matrix reasoning, which was specific to subjects with schizophrenia, remained significant after controlling for demographic confounders such as medication and negative symptoms. No correlation was observed between the two other eye movement measures and any of the WAIS-III scores. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we reveal novel findings on the association between eye-movement-based measures of visual exploration and cognitive scores requiring visual search in subjects with schizophrenia and in healthy subjects. The association between scanpath length and matrix reasoning, a measure of perceptual organization in subjects with schizophrenia, implies the existence of common cognitive processes, and subjects with longer scanpath length may be advantageous in performance of perceptual organization tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Konoe-cho, Yoshida, Kyoto, Kyoto 6068501, Japan.
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan; Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan; Japan Community Health care Organization Osaka Hospital, 4-2-78, Fukushima, Fukushima-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 5530033, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan; Life Grow Brilliant Mental Clinic, Takahashi Bldg. 7F, 2-1-21, Shibata, Kita-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 5300012, Japan
| | - Noriko Kudo
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1138655, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Tokyo 1138655, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawahigashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 1878553, Japan; Osaka University, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 5650871, Japan.
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Intelligence decline between present and premorbid IQ in schizophrenia: Schizophrenia Non-Affected Relative Project (SNARP). Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:653-661. [PMID: 30885440 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients (SCZ) display widespread cognitive deficits that are strongly associated with functional outcomes. Cognitive impairments occur along a genetic continuum among SCZ, their unaffected first-degree relatives (FRs) and healthy controls (HCs). Although SCZ impairs the premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) and causes a subsequent intelligence decline (ID), a decrease in present IQ from the premorbid level, it remains unclear when during the illness course these impairments develop. Differences in premorbid and present IQ and ID were investigated among 125 SCZ, 61 FRs and 107 HCs, using analysis of covariance and a paired t-test. Furthermore, these subjects were classified into preserved and deteriorated IQ groups based on the degree of ID, and we investigated which factors contribute to this classification. We found significant differences in premorbid and present IQ among the diagnostic groups. Compared with HCs, SCZ and FRs displayed lower premorbid and present IQ. There was no significant difference in premorbid IQ between SCZ and FRs, but SCZ had a significantly lower present IQ than FRs. Only SCZ showed a significant ID. As most FRs and HCs did not display an ID, there were fewer subjects with deteriorated IQ among FRs and HCs than among SCZ. Subjects with preserved IQ showed higher educational attainment than those with deteriorated IQ among SCZ and FRs. These findings suggest that the impairment of premorbid IQ and the ID in SCZ become evident before and around the time of onset, respectively, and different pathophysiological mechanisms might be related to these impairments.
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Ohi K, Sumiyoshi C, Fujino H, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Sumiyoshi T, Hashimoto R. A 1.5-Year Longitudinal Study of Social Activity in Patients With Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:567. [PMID: 31447715 PMCID: PMC6697059 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia exhibit impairments in their social activity, intelligence quotient (IQ), daily living skills, and social function. Social activity is a high-order outcome measure of their lives. Here we attempted to longitudinally evaluate the effects of IQ, daily living skills, social function, psychiatric symptoms, and medications on social activity in patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of the current study is to identify the specific factor that affects longitudinal changes in social activity. Sixty-five patients with schizophrenia were assessed at two time points [time 2 (T2, follow-up) - time 1 (T1, baseline) = 1.71 ± 0.79 years]. Social activity, IQ, daily living skills, and social function were assessed using the Social Activity Assessment (SAA; h/week), short form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)-III (WAIS-SF), University of California San Diego (UCSD) Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA), and Social Functioning Scale (SFS), respectively. IQ, daily living skills, social function, and social activity were significantly improved between T1 and T2 (t = 2.0-4.4, p = 0.048-3.60 × 10-5). IQ, daily living skills, and social function positively correlated with social activity (lowest p = 1.27 × 10-5), and psychiatric symptoms negatively correlated with social activity over time (lowest p = 3.26 × 10-9). The longitudinal change in social activity was independently and positively correlated with a change in social function (beta = 0.35, p = 4.63 × 10-3), particularly interpersonal communication (beta = 0.35, p = 4.32 × 10-3). The longitudinal changes in other factors did not directly affect the change in social activity (p > 0.05). Based on these findings, social activity is more affected by social function than by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan.,Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Chika Sumiyoshi
- Faculty of Human Development and Culture, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Haruo Fujino
- Graduate School of Education, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan.,Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
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Koshiyama D, Fukunaga M, Okada N, Morita K, Nemoto K, Yamashita F, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Kelly S, Jahanshad N, Kudo N, Azechi H, Watanabe Y, Donohoe G, Thompson PM, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Role of frontal white matter and corpus callosum on social function in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 202:180-187. [PMID: 30005932 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia show severe impairment in social function and have difficulty in their daily social life. Although a recent large-scale multicenter study revealed alterations in white matter microstructures, the association between these anatomical changes and social dysfunction in schizophrenia remains unknown. Therefore, we investigated the association between the white matter integrity of regions of interest and social function in schizophrenia. A total of 149 patients with schizophrenia and 602 healthy comparison subjects (HCS) underwent DTI and completed the Picture Arrangement subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition and the Finance subscale of the University of California, San Diego, Performance-Based Skills Assessment Brief, as social indices of interest. The fractional anisotropy (FA) in the anterior corona radiata and corpus callosum was significantly lower in patients than in HCS, and the radial diffusivity (RD) in the anterior corona radiata and corpus callosum was significantly higher in patients. The Picture Arrangement and Finance scores were both significantly impaired in patients. The effect of the FA of the right anterior corona radiata on the Finance score and the Picture Arrangement score, of the RD of the right anterior corona radiata on the Picture Arrangement score, and of the RD of the corpus callosum on the Picture Arrangement score were significant. In conclusion, our results confirmed the association between structural connectivity in the right frontal white matter and corpus callosum and social function in schizophrenia. These findings may provide a foundation for developing an intervention for functional recovery in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- Division of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sinead Kelly
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, United States of America
| | - Noriko Kudo
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, United States of America
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Ohi K, Sumiyoshi C, Fujino H, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Shiino T, Sumiyoshi T, Hashimoto R. Genetic Overlap between General Cognitive Function and Schizophrenia: A Review of Cognitive GWASs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3822. [PMID: 30513630 PMCID: PMC6320986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
General cognitive (intelligence) function is substantially heritable, and is a major determinant of economic and health-related life outcomes. Cognitive impairments and intelligence decline are core features of schizophrenia which are evident before the onset of the illness. Genetic overlaps between cognitive impairments and the vulnerability for the illness have been suggested. Here, we review the literature on recent large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of general cognitive function and correlations between cognitive function and genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia. In the last decade, large-scale GWASs (n > 30,000) of general cognitive function and schizophrenia have demonstrated that substantial proportions of the heritability of the cognitive function and schizophrenia are explained by a polygenic component consisting of many common genetic variants with small effects. To date, GWASs have identified more than 100 loci linked to general cognitive function and 108 loci linked to schizophrenia. These genetic variants are mostly intronic or intergenic. Genes identified around these genetic variants are densely expressed in brain tissues. Schizophrenia-related genetic risks are consistently correlated with lower general cognitive function (rg = -0.20) and higher educational attainment (rg = 0.08). Cognitive functions are associated with many of the socioeconomic and health-related outcomes. Current treatment strategies largely fail to improve cognitive impairments of schizophrenia. Therefore, further study is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying both cognition and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
| | - Chika Sumiyoshi
- Faculty of Human Development and Culture, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Haruo Fujino
- Graduate School of Education, Oita University, Oita 870-1192, Japan.
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Shiino
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Interventions for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
- Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Ryman SG, Cavanagh JF, Wertz CJ, Shaff NA, Dodd AB, Stevens B, Ling J, Yeo RA, Hanlon FM, Bustillo J, Stromberg SF, Lin DS, Abrams S, Mayer AR. Impaired Midline Theta Power and Connectivity During Proactive Cognitive Control in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:675-683. [PMID: 29921417 PMCID: PMC7654098 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disrupted proactive cognitive control, a form of early selection and active goal maintenance, is hypothesized to underlie the broad cognitive deficits observed in patients with schizophrenia (SPs). Current research suggests that the disrupted activation within and connectivity between regions of the cognitive control network contribute to disrupted proactive cognitive control; however, no study has examined these mechanisms using an AX Continuous Performance Test task in schizophrenia. METHODS Twenty-six SPs (17 male subjects; mean age 34.46 ± 8.77 years) and 28 healthy control participants (HCs; 16 male subjects; mean age 31.43 ± 7.23 years) underwent an electroencephalogram while performing the AX Continuous Performance Test. To examine the extent of activation and level of connectivity within the cognitive control network, power, intertrial phase clustering, and intersite phase clustering metrics were calculated and analyzed. RESULTS SPs exhibited expected general decrements in behavioral performance relative to HCs and a more selective deficit in conditions requiring proactive cognitive control. Additionally, SPs exhibited deficits in midline theta power and connectivity during proactive cognitive control trials. Specifically, HCs exhibited significantly greater theta power for B cues relative to A cues, whereas SPs exhibited no significant differences between A- and B-cue theta power. Additionally, differential theta connectivity patterns were observed in SPs and HCs. Behavioral measures of proactive cognitive control predicted functional outcomes in SPs. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that low-frequency midline theta activity is selectively disrupted during proactive cognitive control in SPs. The disrupted midline theta activity may reflect a failure of SPs to proactively recruit cognitive control processes.
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Predicting work outcome in patients with schizophrenia: Influence of IQ decline. Schizophr Res 2018; 201:172-179. [PMID: 30473032 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia show various trajectories in intelligence. However, whether the degree of IQ decline is associated with functional outcomes remains unclear. The purposes of the study were 1) to determine whether IQ decline was related with work outcome, and 2) to perform predictions for attaining a certain amount of work measured by work hours. METHODS One hundred and forty patients with schizophrenia and 156 healthy volunteers enrolled in the study. The patients were classified into the deteriorated group or preserved group based on the degree of IQ decline. In addition to current and premorbid intelligence, functional outcomes and clinical conditions were also evaluated. Those variables were compared among the patient groups and healthy adults to select independent variables for logistic regression analyses. Four separate logistic regression analyses were conducted with work hours dichotomized by four criteria (0, 10, 20, or 30 h per week) as dependent variables. RESULTS IQ decline remained significant in all regression models except the model with the 30 h per week criterion. Social function and psychiatric symptoms were also prominent factors in most models. Predictions were more accurate in the models with higher criteria. Individual probabilities to exceed each criterion were presented based on the equations derived from the regression models. CONCLUSION Intellectual deterioration, in addition to impaired social function and psychiatric symptoms, may play a key role in work disturbances in patients with schizophrenia. Probability models presented here have strengths in evaluating the ability to work from statistical, clinical, and theoretical viewpoints.
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Kikuchi M, Miura K, Morita K, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Ikeda M, Yasuda Y, Nakaya A, Hashimoto R. Genome-wide Association Analysis of Eye Movement Dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12347. [PMID: 30120336 PMCID: PMC6098030 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eye movements are considered endophenotypes of schizophrenia. However, the genetic factors underlying eye movement are largely unknown. In this study, we explored the susceptibility loci for four eye movement scores: the scanpath length during the free viewing test (SPL), the horizontal position gain during the fast Lissajous paradigm of the smooth pursuit test (HPG), the duration of fixations during the far distractor paradigm of the fixation stability test (DF) and the integrated eye movement score of those three scores (EMS). We found 16 SNPs relevant to the HPG that were located in 3 genomic regions (1q21.3, 7p12.1 and 20q13.12) in the patient group; however, these SNPs were intronic or intergenic SNPs. To determine whether these SNPs occur in functional non-coding regions (i.e., enhancer or promoter regions), we examined the chromatin status on the basis of publicly available epigenomic data from 127 tissues or cell lines. This analysis suggested that the SNPs on 1q21.3 and 20q13.12 are in enhancer or promoter regions. Moreover, we performed an analysis of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) in human brain tissues using a public database. Finally, we identified significant eQTL effects for all of the SNPs at 1q21.3 and 20q13.12 in particular brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kikuchi
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Miura
- Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Morita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Nakaya
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Department of Pathology of Mental Diseases, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
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38
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Zhang Y, Hishimoto A, Otsuka I, Watanabe Y, Numata S, Yamamori H, Boku S, Horai T, Someya T, Ohmori T, Hashimoto R, Sora I. Longer telomeres in elderly schizophrenia are associated with long-term hospitalization in the Japanese population. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 103:161-166. [PMID: 29870917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Several previous studies have investigated an association between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, results have been largely inconsistent, partially due to the relatively small sample sizes in each study and heterogeneity caused by various uncontrolled confounders (e.g., duration of illness or hospitalization, lifetime antipsychotic dose, and LTL assay methods). Here, we investigate the association of LTL with SCZ with the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in independent cohorts consisting of 1241 patients with SCZ and 1042 controls (the largest independent sample in this field). Furthermore, we examined whether duration of hospitalization and lifetime antipsychotic dose had an effect on LTL in SCZ. In all samples, we observed significantly longer LTL in patients with SCZ relative to controls. In subgroup analyses, we observed that longer telomeres in SCZ were only visible in elderly patients and not in patients under 50 years old. Moreover, significantly longer LTL in elderly patients with SCZ was only specific to those with long-term hospitalization, but not outpatients or those with short-term hospitalization. This may be because the former received more appropriate lifestyle management. Meanwhile, lifetime antipsychotic dose had no effect on LTL. Our findings suggest that consideration of the effect of age and duration of hospitalization on LTL may improve our understanding of controversial results obtained in previous studies of telomeres in SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akitoyo Hishimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Ikuo Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadasu Horai
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sora
- Department of Psychiatry, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Bechi M, Spangaro M, Agostoni G, Bosinelli F, Buonocore M, Bianchi L, Cocchi F, Guglielmino C, Bosia M, Cavallaro R. Intellectual and cognitive profiles in patients affected by schizophrenia. J Neuropsychol 2018; 13:589-602. [DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Bechi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Marco Spangaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | | | | | - Mariachiara Buonocore
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Federica Cocchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Carmelo Guglielmino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
| | - Marta Bosia
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy
| | - Roberto Cavallaro
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Milan Italy
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele University Milan Italy
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40
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Hashimoto R. Blood biomarkers for neuropsychiatric diseases. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 72:139. [PMID: 29512285 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Kudo N, Yamamori H, Ishima T, Nemoto K, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Azechi H, Niitsu T, Numata S, Ikeda M, Iyo M, Ohmori T, Fukunaga M, Watanabe Y, Hashimoto K, Hashimoto R. Plasma Levels of Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 2 (sTNFR2) Are Associated with Hippocampal Volume and Cognitive Performance in Patients with Schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 21. [PMID: 29529289 PMCID: PMC6031046 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyy013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An imbalance in the inflammatory tumor necrosis factor system, including soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNFR2), may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. METHODS We measured the plasma levels of sTNFR2 in 256 healthy controls and 250 patients with schizophrenia including antipsychotic drug-free patients and treatment-resistant patients. We also explored the possible association between plasma sTNFR2 levels and cognitive performance in healthy controls and patients with schizophrenia using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. An association between plasma sTNFR2 levels and hippocampal volume in controls and patients with schizophrenia was also investigated via MRI. RESULTS We found that the plasma levels of sTNFR2 were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia, including both antipsychotic drug-free patients and treatment-resistant patients. We found a significant negative association between plasma sTNFR2 levels and cognitive performance in controls and patients with schizophrenia. Hippocampal volume was also negatively associated with plasma sTNFR2 levels in patients with schizophrenia. CONCLUSION Together, these convergent data suggest a possible biological mechanism for schizophrenia, whereby increased sTNFR2 levels are associated with a smaller hippocampal volume and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Kudo
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan,Correspondence: Hidenaga Yamamori, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, D3, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 5650871, Japan ()
| | - Tamaki Ishima
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nemoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Azechi
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomihisa Niitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shusuke Numata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaomi Iyo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohmori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan,Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan,Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Chiba, Japan
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Role of subcortical structures on cognitive and social function in schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1183. [PMID: 29352126 PMCID: PMC5775279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18950-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcortical regions have a pivotal role in cognitive, affective, and social functions in humans, and the structural and functional abnormalities of the regions have been associated with various psychiatric disorders. Although previous studies focused on the neurocognitive and socio-functional consequences of prefrontal and tempolo-limbic abnormalities in psychiatric disorders, those of subcortical structures remain largely unknown. Recently, MRI volume alterations in subcortical structures in patients with schizophrenia have been replicated in large-scale meta-analytic studies. Here we investigated the relationship between volumes of subcortical structures and neurocognitive and socio-functional indices in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia. First, we replicated the results of meta-analyses: the regional volumes of the bilateral hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus and nucleus accumbens were significantly smaller for patients (N = 163) than for healthy controls (HCs, N = 620). Second, in the patient group, the right nucleus accumbens volume was significantly correlated with the Digit Symbol Coding score, which is known as a distinctively characteristic index of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. Furthermore, the right thalamic volume was significantly correlated with social function scores. In HCs, no significant correlation was found. The results from this large-scale investigation shed light upon the role of specific subcortical nuclei on cognitive and social functioning in schizophrenia.
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Koshiyama D, Fukunaga M, Okada N, Yamashita F, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Ohi K, Fujino H, Watanabe Y, Kasai K, Hashimoto R. Subcortical association with memory performance in schizophrenia: a structural magnetic resonance imaging study. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:20. [PMID: 29317603 PMCID: PMC5802568 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0069-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory performance is severely impaired in individuals with schizophrenia. Although several studies have reported a relationship between memory performance and hippocampal volume, only a few structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the relationship between memory performance and subcortical structures other than hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia. We investigated the relationship between memory performance and subcortical regional volumes in a large sample of patients with schizophrenia. Participants included 174 patients with schizophrenia and 638 healthy comparison subjects (HCS). The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) has three memory indices (verbal immediate recall, visual immediate recall, and delayed recall (verbal plus visual)) and one control neurocognitive index (attention/concentration). We obtained T1-weighted MRI data and measured the bilateral volumes of the hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, nucleus accumbens (NA), caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. Patients with schizophrenia had significantly lower scores for all of the indices of the WMS-R than the HCS. They had more severe impairments in verbal immediate recall and delayed recall than in visual immediate recall and attention/concentration. Verbal immediate recall/delayed recall scores in patients with schizophrenia were significantly correlated not only with hippocampal volume (left: r = 0.34; right: r = 0.28/left: r = 0.33; right: r = 0.31), but also with NA volume (left: r = 0.24; right: r = 0.25/left: r = 0.26; right: r = 0.27). The present investigation with a large sample size did not only replicate hippocampal volume and memory association, but also found that NA volume is associated with memory performances in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koshiyama
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- 0000 0001 2272 1771grid.467811.dDivision of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- 0000 0001 2151 536Xgrid.26999.3dDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Yamashita
- 0000 0000 9613 6383grid.411790.aDivision of Ultrahigh Field MRI, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan ,0000 0004 0403 4283grid.412398.5Oncology Center, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Haruo Fujino
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bGraduate School of Human Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Watanabe
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDiagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- 0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan ,0000 0004 0373 3971grid.136593.bMolecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Sumiyoshi C, Fujino H, Sumiyoshi T, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Hashimoto R. Semantic Memory Organization in Japanese Patients With Schizophrenia Examined With Category Fluency. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:87. [PMID: 29618990 PMCID: PMC5871678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorganization of semantic memory in patients with schizophrenia has been studied by referring to their category fluency performance. Recently, data-mining techniques such as singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis have been reported to be effective in elucidating the latent semantic memory structure in patients with schizophrenia. The aim of this study is to investigate semantic memory organization in patients with schizophrenia using a novel method based on data-mining approach. METHOD Category fluency data were collected from 181 patients with schizophrenia and 335 healthy controls at the Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University. The 20 most frequently reported animals were chosen for SVD analysis. In the two-dimensional (2D) solution, item vectors (i.e., animal names) were plotted in the 2D space of each group. In the six-dimensional (6D) solution, inter-item similarities (i.e., cosines) were calculated among items. Cosine charts were also created for the six most frequent items to show the similarities to other animal items. RESULTS In the 2D spatial representation, the six most frequent items were grouped in the same clusters (i.e., dog, cat as pet cluster, lion, tiger as wild/carnivorous cluster, and elephant, giraffe as wild/herbivorous cluster) for patients and healthy adults. As for 6D spatial cosines, the correlations (Pearson's r) between 17 items commonly generated in the two groups were moderately high. However, cosine charts created for the three pairs from the six most frequent animals (dog-cat, lion-tiger, elephant-giraffe) showed that pair-wise similarities between other animals were less salient in patients with schizophrenia. DISCUSSION Semantic memory organization in patients with schizophrenia, revealed by SVD analysis, did not appear to be seriously impaired in the 2D space representation, maintaining a clustering structure similar to that in healthy controls for common animals. However, the coherence of those animals was less salient in 6D space, lacking pair-wise similarities to other members of the animal category. These results suggests subtle but structural differences between the two groups. A data-mining approach by means of SVD analysis seems to be effective in evaluating semantic memory in patients with schizophrenia, providing both a visual representation and an objective measure of the structural alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Sumiyoshi
- Faculty of Human Development and Culture, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Haruo Fujino
- Department of Special Needs Education, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Ohi K, Sumiyoshi C, Fujino H, Yasuda Y, Yamamori H, Fujimoto M, Sumiyoshi T, Hashimoto R. A Brief Assessment of Intelligence Decline in Schizophrenia As Represented by the Difference between Current and Premorbid Intellectual Quotient. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:293. [PMID: 29312019 PMCID: PMC5743746 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia elicit several clinical features, such as psychotic symptoms, cognitive impairment, and subtle decline of intelligence. The latter two features become evident around the onset of the illness, although they may exist even before the disease onset in a substantial proportion of cases. Here, we review the literature concerning intelligence decline (ID) during the progression of schizophrenia. ID can be estimated by comparing premorbid and current intellectual quotient (IQ) by means of the Adult Reading Test and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), respectively. For the purpose of brief assessment, we have recently developed the WAIS-Short Form, which consists of Similarities and Symbol Search and well reflects functional outcomes. According to the degree of ID, patients were classified into three distinct subgroups; deteriorated, preserved, and compromised groups. Patients who show deteriorated IQ (deteriorated group) elicit ID from a premorbid level (≥10-point difference between current and premorbid IQ), while patients who show preserved or compromised IQ do not show such decline (<10-point difference). Furthermore, the latter patients were divided into patients with preserved and compromised IQ based on an estimated premorbid IQ score >90 or below 90, respectively. We have recently shown the distribution of ID in a large cohort of schizophrenia patients. Consistent with previous studies, approximately 30% of schizophrenia patients had a decline of less than 10 points, i.e., normal intellectual performance. In contrast, approximately 70% of patients showed deterioration of IQ. These results indicate that there is a subgroup of schizophrenia patients who have mild or minimal intellectual deficits, following the onset of the disorder. Therefore, a careful assessment of ID is important in identifying appropriate interventions, including medications, cognitive remediation, and social/community services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Japan
| | - Chika Sumiyoshi
- Faculty of Human Development and Culture, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Haruo Fujino
- Graduate School of Education, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuka Yasuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenaga Yamamori
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Michiko Fujimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Translational Medical Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
| | - Ryota Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Koike S, Satomura Y, Kawasaki S, Nishimura Y, Kinoshita A, Sakurada H, Yamagishi M, Ichikawa E, Matsuoka J, Okada N, Takizawa R, Kasai K. Application of functional near infrared spectroscopy as supplementary examination for diagnosis of clinical stages of psychosis spectrum. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 71:794-806. [PMID: 28692185 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Research efforts aiming at neuroimaging-aided differential diagnosis for psychiatric disorders have been progressing rapidly. A previous multisite study has developed a supplementary diagnostic system using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) that can be easily applied to clinical settings. However, few neuroimaging biomarkers have been developed for the psychosis spectrum with various clinical stages. METHODS We employed the fNIRS as a clinical examination device for 143 participants, comprising 47 ultra-high risk for psychosis (UHR) individuals, 30 patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP), 34 patients with chronic schizophrenia (ChSZ), and 33 healthy controls, who were independent of the previous study. A 12-month follow-up measurement was also carried out on 34 UHR individuals (72%), 21 patients with FEP (70%), and 33 controls. The fNIRS algorithm variables used for classification were the intensity and timing of prefrontal activation following the start of the cognitive task as used in the previous multisite study. RESULTS The discrimination rate by timing of activation was modest but it became acceptable after adjusting confounding factors. Discrimination by intensity of activation was not improved by similar adjustment. A total of 63.8%, 86.7%, and 81.3% patients were classified as UHR, FEP, and ChSZ, respectively; and 85.1%, 86.7%, and 71.9% of patients in these groups, respectively, were classified as being on the psychosis spectrum. In the follow-up measurement, 88.2% of individuals with UHR and 95.0% of patients with FEP were successfully classified into the psychosis spectrum group. CONCLUSION The fNIRS for supplementary clinical examination could be validly applied to differentiating people with the psychosis spectrum in various clinical stages. The fNIRS is a candidate biological marker for aiding diagnosis of psychosis spectrum in routine clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM).,Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Application Development Office, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hanako Sakurada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Mika Yamagishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Eriko Ichikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Jun Matsuoka
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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