1
|
Lee NA, Kung S, Penaluna BK, Greenwaldt SE, Croarkin PE, Lapid MI. Motor threshold parameters do not predict repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation outcomes in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2025; 372:144-148. [PMID: 39638056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2024] [Revised: 11/25/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) and intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation (iTBS) are non-invasive treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD). While effective, variability in outcomes necessitates identifying predictors of therapeutic response. This study examined whether motor threshold (MT), percentage of motor threshold (%MT), and treatment intensity could predict clinical outcomes in MDD patients undergoing rTMS and iTBS. METHODS Adult MDD patients treated with NeuroStar rTMS or iTBS at Mayo Clinic from February 2016 to April 2024 were included. MT, %MT, and treatment intensity were recorded. Clinical outcomes were assessed via Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score changes, response (PHQ-9 change ≥50 %), remission (PHQ-9 < 5), and a patient-reported outcome (PRO) on treatment helpfulness. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess predictors of clinical outcomes. RESULTS Among 149 patients analyzed (mean age 45.7, 67.8 % female), response rate was 43.0 % and remission rate was 16.8 %. MT and %MT did not significantly correlate with clinical outcomes. Treatment intensity and TMS type did not predict PHQ-9 score changes. Higher treatment intensity was associated with decreased odds of positive PRO responses. Linear regression showed that age and gender significantly predicted PHQ-9 score changes, with older patients and females showing greater improvement. MT was significantly lower in men and with iTBS compared to rTMS. CONCLUSION MT, %MT, and treatment intensity did not reliably predict outcomes. Higher intensity was linked to reduced patient-reported helpfulness, suggesting that patient comfort is crucial. iTBS's lower MT may benefit those needing less stimulation. Future research should identify better predictors to improve TMS outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noah A Lee
- Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Simon Kung
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Brandan K Penaluna
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Stacy E Greenwaldt
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul E Croarkin
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Maria I Lapid
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Psychiatry & Psychology, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ho CSH, Wang J, Tay GWN, Ho R, Lin H, Li Z, Chen N. Application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy and machine learning to predict treatment response after six months in major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2025; 15:7. [PMID: 39799114 PMCID: PMC11724951 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-025-03224-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 12/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2025] [Indexed: 01/15/2025] Open
Abstract
Depression treatment responses vary widely among individuals. Identifying objective biomarkers with predictive accuracy for therapeutic outcomes can enhance treatment efficiency and avoid ineffective therapies. This study investigates whether functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and clinical assessment information can predict treatment response in major depressive disorder (MDD) through machine-learning techniques. Seventy patients with MDD were included in this 6-month longitudinal study, with the primary treatment outcome measured by changes in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) scores. fNIRS and clinical information were strictly evaluated using nested cross-validation to predict responders and non-responders based on machine-learning models, including support vector machine, random forest, XGBoost, discriminant analysis, Naïve Bayes, and transformers. The task change of total haemoglobin (HbT), defined as the difference between pre-task and post-task average HbT concentrations, in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) is significantly correlated with treatment response (p < 0.005). Leveraging a Naïve Bayes model, inner cross-validation performance (bAcc = 70% [SD = 4], AUC = 0.77 [SD = 0.04]) and outer cross-validation results (bAcc = 73% [SD = 3], AUC = 0.77 [SD = 0.02]) were yielded for predicting response using solely fNIRS data. The bimodal model combining fNIRS and clinical data showed inferior performance in outer cross-validation (bAcc = 68%, AUC = 0.70) compared to the fNIRS-only model. Collectively, fNIRS holds potential as a scalable neuroimaging modality for predicting treatment response in MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Su Hui Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jinyuan Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Gabrielle Wann Nii Tay
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Life Science (LIFS), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China
| | - Nanguang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elnazali M, Veerakumar A, Blair M, Pearce EL, Kim N, Sebastian S, Santo JB, Rybak YE, Burhan AM. Unilateral and bilateral theta burst stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: Follow up on a naturalistic observation study. J Psychiatr Res 2024; 180:387-393. [PMID: 39531945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Theta burst stimulation (TBS) is a novel and faster modality of transcranial magnetic stimulation, which is showing promise as a treatment-resistant depression (TRD) treatment. Though TBS can be applied unilaterally or bilaterally, few studies have compared the effectiveness of both approaches in a naturalistic clinical sample. In this retrospective chart review, we aimed to: (1) replicate previous bilateral sequential TBS effectiveness in a larger cohort of patients at a single centre, (2) present treatment outcome data between unilateral and bilateral TBS approaches, (3) investigate baseline factors associated with our observed outcomes, and (4) examine the sustainability of response, with follow-up data up to 6 months from patients. METHODS We included 161 patients who received TBS (unilateral: n = 64 (40%), 45.55 ± 14.25 years old, 55% females; bilateral: n = 97 (60%), 47.67 ± 15.11 years old, 58% females). RESULTS Firstly, we observed 47% response and 34% remission in the bilateral group, replicating findings from a smaller naturalistic study from our group; patients receiving unilateral TBS displayed 36% response and 26% remission, with no significant differences found between unilateral and bilateral TBS in remission and response rates. Secondly, bilaterally stimulated patients needed fewer treatments than those stimulated unilaterally (27 vs 29 on average respectively, t [159] = 3.31, p = .001), and had significantly lower anxiety symptoms post treatment (GAD-7) relative to patients receiving unilateral stimulation, F (1,148) = 3.95, p = .049. Thirdly, no baseline factors were found to predict treatment outcomes. Lastly, after six months, 69% of patients who met the response criteria did not require additional treatment or a change in medication. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the efficacy and tolerability of TBS in TRD and indicate that bilateral TBS may have a superior anxiolytic effect and offer a slightly faster time to response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashan Veerakumar
- Dept of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mervin Blair
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada; Research & Academics Dept, Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada
| | | | - Noah Kim
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Yuri E Rybak
- Dept of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Amer M Burhan
- Dept of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Ontario Shores Centre for Mental Health Sciences, Whitby, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kryatova MS, Seiner SJ, Brown JC, Siddiqi SH. Older age associated with better antidepressant response to H1-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation in female patients. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:66-73. [PMID: 38244806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TMS is increasingly used to treat depression, but predictors of treatment outcomes remain unclear. We assessed the association between age and TMS response given inconsistent prior reports limited by small sample size, heterogeneity, outdated TMS parameters, lack of assessment of H1-coil TMS, and lack of an a priori hypothesis. We hypothesized that older age would be associated with better treatment response based on trends in recent large exploratory analyses. METHODS We conducted a naturalistic retrospective analysis of patients (n = 378) ages 18-80 with depression (baseline Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR) > 5) who received 29-35 sessions of TMS between 2014 and 2021. Response was assessed using percent reduction of QIDS-SR. The relationship between percent response or remission and age group was assessed using the chi-square test. RESULTS 85 % of patients received the standard protocol of H1-coil TMS to the left DLPFC. Percent response and remission rates for the entire study sample increased with age (response: p = .026; remission: p = .0023). This finding was stronger in female patients (response: p = .0033; remission: p = .00098) and was not observed in male patients (response: p = .73; remission: p = .26). This was confirmed in a sub-analysis of patients who only received the standard protocol with the H1-coil for the entire treatment course. LIMITATIONS Naturalistic retrospective analysis from one academic center. CONCLUSIONS Older age is associated with a better antidepressant response to H1-coil TMS in female patients. This was demonstrated in a hypothesis-driven confirmation of prior exploratory findings in a large sample size with a homogeneous data collection protocol across all participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria S Kryatova
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Stephen J Seiner
- Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joshua C Brown
- Psychiatric Neurotherapeutics Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shan H Siddiqi
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Brain Circuit Therapeutics, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Göke K, Trevizol AP, Ma C, Mah L, Rajji TK, Daskalakis ZJ, Downar J, McClintock SM, Nestor SM, Noda Y, Mulsant BH, Blumberger DM. Predictors of remission after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of late-life depression. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115822. [PMID: 38452496 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an effective treatment in patients with depression, yet treatment response remains variable. While previous work has identified predictors of remission in younger adults, relatively little data exists in late-life depression (LLD). To address this gap, data from 164 participants with LLD from a randomized non-inferiority treatment trial comparing standard bilateral rTMS to bilateral theta burst stimulation (TBS) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02998580) were analyzed using binary logistic regression and conditional inference tree (CIT) modeling. Lower baseline depression symptom severity, fewer prior antidepressant treatment failures, and higher global cognition predicted remission following rTMS treatment. The CIT predicted a higher likelihood of achieving remission for patients with a total score of 19 or lower on the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, 1 or fewer prior antidepressant treatment failures, and a total score of 23 or higher on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Our results indicate that older adults with lower severity of depression, fewer antidepressant treatment failures, and higher global cognition benefit more from current forms of rTMS. The results suggest that there is potentially higher value in using rTMS earlier in the treatment pathway for depression in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Göke
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention and Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Alisson P Trevizol
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention and Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Ma
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Mah
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarek K Rajji
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention and Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zafiris J Daskalakis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego Health, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Downar
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn M McClintock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sean M Nestor
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoshihiro Noda
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benoit H Mulsant
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention and Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention and Campbell Family Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
van Rooij SJH, Arulpragasam AR, McDonald WM, Philip NS. Accelerated TMS - moving quickly into the future of depression treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:128-137. [PMID: 37217771 PMCID: PMC10700378 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01599-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated TMS is an emerging application of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) aimed to reduce treatment length and improve response time. Extant literature generally shows similar efficacy and safety profiles compared to the FDA-cleared protocols for TMS to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), yet accelerated TMS research remains at a very early stage in development. The few applied protocols have not been standardized and vary significantly across a set of core elements. In this review, we consider nine elements that include treatment parameters (i.e., frequency and inter-stimulation interval), cumulative exposure (i.e., number of treatment days, sessions per day, and pulses per session), individualized parameters (i.e., treatment target and dose), and brain state (i.e., context and concurrent treatments). Precisely which of these elements is critical and what parameters are most optimal for the treatment of MDD remains unclear. Other important considerations for accelerated TMS include durability of effect, safety profiles as doses increase over time, the possibility and advantage of individualized functional neuronavigation, use of biological readouts, and accessibility for patients most in need of the treatment. Overall, accelerated TMS appears to hold promise to reduce treatment time and achieve rapid reduction in depressive symptoms, but at this time significant work remains to be done. Rigorous clinical trials combining clinical outcomes and neuroscientific measures such as electroencephalogram, magnetic resonance imaging and e-field modeling are needed to define the future of accelerated TMS for MDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanne J H van Rooij
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amanda R Arulpragasam
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA
| | - William M McDonald
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noah S Philip
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA.
- VA RR&D Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang VM, Ibrahim C, Rodak T, Goud R, Blumberger DM, Voineskos D, Le Foll B. Managing substance use in patients receiving therapeutic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: A scoping review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105477. [PMID: 38007879 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an invaluable treatment option for neuropsychiatric disorders. Co-occurring recreational and nonmedical substance use can be common in those presenting for rTMS treatment, and it is unknown how it may affect the safety and efficacy of rTMS for the treatment of currently approved neuropsychiatric indications. This scoping review aimed to map the literature on humans receiving rTMS and had a history of any type of substance use. The search identified 274 articles providing information on inclusion/exclusion criteria, withdrawal criteria, safety protocols, type of rTMS and treatment parameters, adverse events and effect on primary outcomes that related to substance use. There are neurophysiological effects of substance use on cortical excitability, although the relevance to clinical rTMS practice is unknown. The current literature supports the safety and feasibility of delivering rTMS to those who have co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder and substance use. However, specific details on how varying degrees of substance use alters the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of rTMS remains poorly described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Tang
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada.
| | - Christine Ibrahim
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Terri Rodak
- CAMH Mental Health Sciences Library, Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Rachel Goud
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Daniel M Blumberger
- Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada
| | - Daphne Voineskos
- Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Institute for Medical Science, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Institute of Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; CAMH Mental Health Sciences Library, Department of Education, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Canada; Poul Hansen Family Centre for Depression, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada; Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hayashi D, Igarashi S, Yamazaki R, Matsuda Y, Inagawa T, Kawakami Y, Okita K, Noda T, Sumiyoshi T, Kito S. Magnetic seizure therapy for depression in the very elderly: A report of two patients in their 80s. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 90:103806. [PMID: 39491915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan.
| | - Shun Igarashi
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Yamazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takuma Inagawa
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Kyoji Okita
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Takamasa Noda
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kito
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan
| |
Collapse
|