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Daniel M, Szymanik-Grzelak H, Sierdziński J, Pańczyk-Tomaszewska M. Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 and Lactobacillus plantarum PM1 versus Placebo as Prophylaxis for Recurrence of Urinary Tract Infections in Children. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1037. [PMID: 38930419 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) rank among the most prevalent bacterial infections in children. Probiotics appear to reduce the risk of recurrence of UTIs. This study aimed to evaluate whether probiotics containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus PL1 and Lactobacillus plantarum PM1 therapy prevent UTIs in the pediatric population compared to a placebo. A superiority, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. In total, 54 children aged 3-18 years with recurrent UTIs or ≥one acute pyelonephritis and ≥one risk factor of recurrence of UTIs were randomly assigned (27 patients in each arm) to a 90-day probiotic or placebo arm. The age, sex, diagnosis, renal function, risk factors, and etiology of UTIs did not vary between the groups. During the intervention, 26% of children taking the probiotic had episodes of UTI, and it was not significantly less than in the placebo group. The number of UTI episodes during the intervention and the follow-up period decreased significantly in both groups, but the difference between them was insignificant. We observed a decrease in UTIs during the study of almost 50% in the probiotic group compared to the placebo group. Probiotics can be used as natural, safe prophylaxis for children with risk factors for UTIs in whom antibiotic prevention is not indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Daniel
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Szymanik-Grzelak
- Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Sierdziński
- Department of Medical Informatics and Telemedicine, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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Nelwan EJ, Herdiman A, Kalaij AGI, Lauditta RK, Yusuf SM, Suarthana E. Role of probiotic as adjuvant in treating various infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:505. [PMID: 38773400 PMCID: PMC11106949 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the advantages of probiotics has attracted increasing interest based on the number of publications, products, and public awareness of their benefits. This review evaluated the role of probiotics (single and multiple regimens) as an additional regimen to treat common infectious diseases, including Helicobacter. pylori, diarrheal infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), and HIV infections. METHODS We searched randomized controlled trials from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane and identified 6,950 studies. Duplicates were removed, and titles and abstracts were filtered. Bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for Randomized Trials (ROB 1.0 and 2.0). The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using GRADE. Data were extracted and meta-analysis was performed using RevMan. RESULTS A total of 32 studies were included in this study (22 H. pylori studies, 2 diarrheal infection studies, 6 UTI studies, and 2 HIV infection studies). There was no study on URTI. Probiotics, in addition to primary treatment, could improve the eradication of H. pylori versus the control (RR: 1.09; 95% CI:1.04 - 1.13, p value = 0.001) and achieve a cure range of Nugent score in UTI patients (RR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01 - 1.89, p value = 0.04). For eradicating H. pylori infection, subgroup analysis based on the therapy regimen showed that standard triple therapy was slightly superior compared to quadruple therapy in eradicating H. pylori (RR: 1.14 vs. 1.01, respectively). Single strain probiotics showed a similar effect to multiple strain probiotic regimens (both had an RR of 1.09). The effect estimates of the use of single strain probiotics as adjuvant therapy in eradicating H. pylori and the use of probiotics in UTI had a high certainty of evidence. Meta-analysis was not performed for infectious diarrheal because there were only two eligible studies with different probiotic supplementations and outcome parameters. Nonetheless, they showed that the diarrheal incidence was lower and complete remission of diarrheal was higher after the regimen of probiotics. Similarly, a meta-analysis was not performed for HIV infection because the two eligible studies used different designs and comparators with contradicting findings. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis showed beneficial use of single strain probiotics as adjuvant therapy in eradicating H. pylori and the use of probiotics in UTI. Probiotic supplementation might not be beneficial for patients given a quadruple therapy. Single-strain and multi-strain probiotic regimens had similar effects in increasing the eradication rate of H. pylori. Our study also suggested that the benefits of probiotics as an additional regimen in infectious diarrheal and HIV infections remain unclear; more studies are needed to confirm the benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erni Juwita Nelwan
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
- Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Center, Indonesia Medical and Education Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia.
| | - Allerma Herdiman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | | | - Richella Khansa Lauditta
- Division of Tropical and Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Syarif Maulana Yusuf
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Research Center, Indonesia Medical and Education Research Institute (IMERI), Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Eva Suarthana
- Health Technology Assessment Unit (TAU) of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
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Ishaq HM, Yasin R, Mohammad IS, Fan Y, Li H, Shahzad M, Xu J. The gut-brain-axis: A positive relationship between gut microbial dysbiosis and glioblastoma brain tumour. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30494. [PMID: 38756585 PMCID: PMC11096965 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The glioblastoma brain tumour (GBM) stands out as the most aggressive and resistant-to-treatment malignancy. Nevertheless, the gut-brain connection plays a pivotal role in influencing the growth and activation of the central nervous system. In this particular investigation, we aimed to assess and characterize the gut microbial ecosystem in GBM patients, both quantitatively and qualitatively. We collected faecal samples from 15 healthy volunteers and 25 GBM patients. To delve into the microbial content, we employed PCR-DGGE, targeting the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene, and conducted qPCR to measure the levels of crucial intestinal bacteria. For a more in-depth analysis, high-throughput sequencing was performed on a selection of 20 random faecal samples (10 from healthy individuals and 10 from GBM patients), targeting the V3+V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Our findings from examining the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota unveiled that GBM patients exhibited significantly higher microbial diversity compared to healthy individuals. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria saw a significant increase, while Firmicutes experienced a noteworthy decrease in the GBM group. Moving down to the family level, we observed significantly elevated levels of Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroidaceae, and Lachnospiraceae in GBM patients, while levels of Veillonellaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Prevotellaceae were notably lower. Delving into genera statistics, we noted a substantial increase in the abundance of Parasutterella, Escherichia-Shigella, and Bacteroides, alongside significantly lower levels of Ruminococcus 2, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella_9 in the GBM group compared to the control group. Furthermore, when examining specific species, we found a significant increase in Bacteroides vulgatus and Escherichia coli in the GBM group. These observations collectively indicate a marked dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition of GBM patients. Additionally, the GBM group exhibited notably higher levels of alpha diversity when compared to the control group. This increase in diversity suggests a significant bacterial overgrowth in the gut of GBM patients in contrast to the controls. As a result, this research opens up potential avenues to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms, pathways, and potential treatments for GBM, stemming from the significant implications of gut microbial dysbiosis in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Pathobiology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture Multan, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Yasin
- Department of Zoology University of Education Lahore, D.G. Khan Campus, Pakistan
| | - Imran Shair Mohammad
- Department of Radiology, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huan Li
- Xi'an Mental Health Centre, Xi'an, China
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Khyaban-e-Jamia Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jiru Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Rocha-Ramírez LM, Hernández-Chiñas U, Moreno-Guerrero SS, Ramírez-Pacheco A, Eslava CA. In Vitro Effect of the Cell-Free Supernatant of the Lactobacillus casei Strain IMAU60214 against the Different Pathogenic Properties of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1324. [PMID: 37317298 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) are E. coli pathotypes associated with unmanageable diarrhea in children and adults. An alternative to the treatment of infections caused by these microorganisms is the use of the bacteria of the Lactobacillus genus; however, the beneficial effects on the intestinal mucosa are specific to the strain and species. The interest of this study consisted of analyzing the coaggregation properties of Lactobacillus casei IMAU60214, as well as the effect of cell-free supernatant (CSF) on growth and anti-cytotoxic activity in a cell model of the human intestinal epithelium for an agar diffusion assay (HT-29) and the inhibition of biofilm formation on plates of DEC strains of the EAEC and EHEC pathotypes. The results showed that L. casei IMAU60214 exhibits time-dependent coaggregation (35-40%) against EAEC and EHEC that is similar to the control E. coli ATCC 25922. The CSF showed antimicrobial activity (20-80%) against EAEC and EHEC depending on the concentration. In addition, the formation and dispersion of biofilms of the same strains decrease, and the proteolytic pre-treatment with catalase and/or proteinase K (1 mg/mL) of CSF reduces the antimicrobial effect. When evaluating the effect in HT-29 cells pre-treated with CFS on the toxic activity induced by the EAEC and EHEC strains, a reduction of between 30 and 40% was observed. The results show that L. casei IMAU60214 and its CSF have properties that interfere with some properties associated with the virulence of the EAEC and EHEC strains that cause intestinal infection, which supports their use for the control and prevention of infections caused by these bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz María Rocha-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Ulises Hernández-Chiñas
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Salud Pública, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Selene Moreno-Guerrero
- Departamento de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Arturo Ramírez-Pacheco
- Departamento de Hemato-Oncología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Dr. Márquez No. 162, Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Eslava
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Dr. Márquez 162, Col. Doctores, Alcaldía Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
- Departamento de Salud Pública, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
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PAVESI L, PANNUNZIO A, BONETTI A, CERESA C, FRACCHIA L. Inhibitory activity of Lactobacillus plantarum P17630 against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Saha UB, Saroj SD. Lactic acid bacteria: prominent player in the fight against human pathogens. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1435-1453. [PMID: 36154442 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2128765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human microbiome is a unique repository of diverse bacteria. Over 1000 microbial species reside in the human gut, which predominantly influences the host's internal environment and plays a significant role in host health. Lactic acid bacteria have long been employed for multiple purposes, ranging from food to medicines. Lactobacilli, which are often used in commercial food fermentation, have improved to the point that they might be helpful in medical applications. AREAS COVERED This review summarises various clinical and experimental evidence on efficacy of lactobacilli in treating a wide range of infections. Both laboratory based and clinical studies have been discussed. EXPERT OPINION Lactobacilli are widely accepted as safe biological treatments and host immune modulators (GRAS- Generally regarded as safe) by the US Food and Drug Administration and Qualified Presumption of Safety. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of lactobacilli in the treatment and pathogenicity of bacterial infections can help with the prediction and development of innovative therapeutics aimed at pathogens which have gained resistance to antimicrobials. To formulate effective lactobacilli based therapy significant research on the effectiveness of different lactobacilli strains and its association with demographic distribution is required. Also, the side effects of such therapy needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjayni B Saha
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Sunil D Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Pune, India
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Organic Acids Secreted by Lactobacillus spp. Isolated from Urine and Their Antimicrobial Activity against Uropathogenic Proteus mirabilis. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175557. [PMID: 36080323 PMCID: PMC9457960 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural microbiota of the urinary tract includes Lactobacillus spp., which secrete molecules with antimicrobial properties and have antagonistic activity against many pathogens. This paper focuses on the antibacterial effect of Lactobacillus strains isolated from urine against clinical strains of Proteus mirabilis isolated from kidney stones and from urine with coexisting urolithiasis. The study involved analyzing the main antimicrobial molecules secreted by Lactobacillus. In order to indicate which agent had the strongest antimicrobial effect, the supernatants were made alkaline and treated with catalase and high temperature. Both treated and untreated supernatants were analyzed for their activity. Exposing uropathogens to all untreated cell-free supernatants of Lactobacillus significantly reduced their growth, and it was established that these properties were related to organic acid secretion by these strains. Using LC–MS/MS and spectrophotometric techniques, lactic, citric, and succinic acids were determined qualitatively and quantitatively. The influence of these acids on the P. mirabilis growth and biofilm formation and their influence on membrane permeability were also investigated. The results indicate that organic acids secreted by Lactobacillus strains have a high antibacterial potential and could be used as novel agents in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by P. mirabilis.
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Li L, Li Y, Yang J, Xie X, Chen H. The immune responses to different Uropathogens call individual interventions for bladder infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:953354. [PMID: 36081496 PMCID: PMC9445553 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.953354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by uropathogens is the most common infectious disease and significantly affects all aspects of the quality of life of the patients. However, uropathogens are increasingly becoming antibiotic-resistant, which threatens the only effective treatment option available-antibiotic, resulting in higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality. Currently, people are turning their attention to the immune responses, hoping to find effective immunotherapeutic interventions which can be alternatives to the overuse of antibiotic drugs. Bladder infections are caused by the main nine uropathogens and the bladder executes different immune responses depending on the type of uropathogens. It is essential to understand the immune responses to diverse uropathogens in bladder infection for guiding the design and development of immunotherapeutic interventions. This review firstly sorts out and comparatively analyzes the immune responses to the main nine uropathogens in bladder infection, and summarizes their similarities and differences. Based on these immune responses, we innovatively propose that different microbial bladder infections should adopt corresponding immunomodulatory interventions, and the same immunomodulatory intervention can also be applied to diverse microbial infections if they share the same effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlong Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Xie
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Model Animal and Human Disease Research of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Xie, ; Huan Chen,
| | - Huan Chen
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Nucleic Acid Medicine of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Xie, ; Huan Chen,
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Non-antibiotic Approaches to Preventing Pediatric UTIs: a Role for D-Mannose, Cranberry, and Probiotics? Curr Urol Rep 2022; 23:113-127. [PMID: 35441976 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-022-01094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW While antibiotics have been a staple in the management and even prevention of urinary tract infections (UTIs), it is not without significant consequences due to intolerance and development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. These concerns necessitate alternatives to antibiotic use in the management of pediatric UTIs. This review seeks to evaluate non-antibiotic means of preventing UTI in the pediatric population. RECENT FINDINGS The search for preventative alternatives to antibiotics has included D-mannose, cranberry, and probiotics. These products similarly work through competitive inhibition of uropathogens in the urinary tract. Pediatric studies exist highlighting the use of cranberry extract/juice and probiotics in UTI prevention, although significant heterogeneity amongst studies have limited overarching recommendations for their use. Data of D-mannose use is extrapolated from adult literature. More studies are required in the utility of each treatment, with some emphasis on larger sample sizes and clarifications regarding dosing and formulation.
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Antagonistic Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Rosa rugosa Thunb. Pseudo-Fruit Extracts against Staphylococcus spp. Strains. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12084005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus bacteria are ubiquitous microorganisms. They occur in practically all environments. They also show the ability to colonize the skin and mucous membranes of humans and animals. The current trend is to look for new natural factors (e.g., plant extracts rich in polyphenols) limiting the growth of undesirable bacteria in food and cosmetics or use as an adjunct in antibiotic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of extracts from Rosa rugosa Thunb. on the antagonistic properties of selected lactic acid bacteria strains in relation to Staphylococcus spp. isolates. The biological material consisted of seven strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and seven strains of bacteria of the Staphylococcus genus. The anti-staphylococcal properties of the Rosa rugosa Thunb. pomace extracts (the tested extracts were characterized by a high content of polyphenols, namely 8–34 g/100 g DM/dm) were tested using the well method. The conducted research showed that the pomace extracts of the pseudo-fruit (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) had the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus spp. bacteria. The minimum concentration of polyphenols inhibiting the growth of staphylococci was in the range of 0.156–0.625 mg/mL. The conducted research showed that combined lactic acid bacteria and extracts from the pomace from the pseudo-fruit Rosa rugosa Thunb. (LR systems) may be factors limiting the growth of Staphylococcus spp. bacteria. As a result of the research, two-component antagonist systems consisting of LAB cultures and extracts from Rosa rugosa Thunb. pomace were developed, which effectively limited the growth of the test strains of Staphylococcus spp. In 41% of all tested cases, the zone of inhibition of growth of bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus spp. after the use of two-component antagonist systems was higher than that as a result of the control culture (without the addition of extracts).
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Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: Safe options for next-generation therapeutics. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:505-521. [PMID: 35015145 PMCID: PMC8749913 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11646-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Probiotics have been considered as an economical and safe alternative for the treatment of a large number of chronic diseases and improvement of human health. They are known to modulate the host immunity and protect from several infectious and non-infectious diseases. The colonization, killing of pathogens and induction of host cells are few of the important probiotic attributes which affect several functions of the host. In addition, prebiotics and non-digestible food substances selectively promote the growth of probiotics and human health through nutrient enrichment, and modulation of gut microbiota and immune system. This review highlights the role of probiotics and prebiotics alone and in combination (synbiotics) in the modulation of immune system, treatment of infections, management of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer therapy. Key points • Probiotics and their derivatives against several human diseases. • Prebiotics feed probiotics and induce several functions in the host. • Discovery of novel and biosafe products needs attention for human health.
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Engineering of Vaginal Lactobacilli to Express Fluorescent Proteins Enables the Analysis of Their Mixture in Nanofibers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413631. [PMID: 34948426 PMCID: PMC8708671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are a promising natural tool against vaginal dysbiosis and infections. However, new local delivery systems and additional knowledge about their distribution and mechanism of action would contribute to the development of effective medicine. This will be facilitated by the introduction of the techniques for effective, inexpensive, and real-time tracking of these probiotics following their release. Here, we engineered three model vaginal lactobacilli (Lactobacillus crispatus ATCC 33820, Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323, and Lactobacillus jensenii ATCC 25258) and a control Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014 to express fluorescent proteins with different spectral properties, including infrared fluorescent protein (IRFP), green fluorescent protein (GFP), red fluorescent protein (mCherry), and blue fluorescent protein (mTagBFP2). The expression of these fluorescent proteins differed between the Lactobacillus species and enabled quantification and discrimination between lactobacilli, with the longer wavelength fluorescent proteins showing superior resolving power. Each Lactobacillus strain was labeled with an individual fluorescent protein and incorporated into poly (ethylene oxide) nanofibers using electrospinning, as confirmed by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The lactobacilli retained their fluorescence in nanofibers, as well as after nanofiber dissolution. To summarize, vaginal lactobacilli were incorporated into electrospun nanofibers to provide a potential solid vaginal delivery system, and the fluorescent proteins were introduced to distinguish between them and allow their tracking in the future probiotic-delivery studies.
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Assessment of some metabolic activities and potential probiotic properties of eight Enterococcus bacteria isolated from white cheese microbiota. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2021; 114:1259-1274. [PMID: 34086120 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-021-01599-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, eight strains of Enterococcus spp. were isolated from Turkish and Iranian white cheese test pieces. Enterococcus spp. strains were identified as Enterococcus faecium (6 strains) and E. faecalis (2) with 16S rDNA sequence analysis. All Enterococcus spp. strains showed susceptibility to the most of antibiotics tested in this investigation. The amount of produced acid (0.59-1.17%), hydrogen peroxide (0.65-3.91 µg/ml), and exopolysaccharide (252-362 mg/L) of these strains were determined. These strains possess the ability to inhibit Escherichia coli ATCC 35,218, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13,076, and Salmonella typhimurium MU 80. E. faecium RI53 and RI 42 strains were determined as the most resistant to acid (1.86 and 1.56 OD, respectively) and also exhibited high percentage of aggregation (54.1 and 51.7%, respectively). E. faecium RI 42 exhibited a higher growth viability in gastric and intestinal juice. E. faecium RI 53 and RI 42 are determined as optimal potential probiotic candidates for utilization in cheese preparations.
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Liu ZS, Lin CF, Lee CP, Hsieh MC, Lu HF, Chen YF, Ku YW, Chen PW. A Single Plasmid of Nisin-Controlled Bovine and Human Lactoferrin Expressing Elevated Antibacterial Activity of Lactoferrin-Resistant Probiotic Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020120. [PMID: 33513782 PMCID: PMC7911973 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein found in mammals, and it shows broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. To improve the functional properties of specific probiotics in order to provide both the beneficial characteristics of lactic acid bacteria and the biological activity of LF, cDNAs of bovine LF (BLF), human LF (HLF), or porcine LF (PLF) were cloned into a nisin-inducible plasmid. These were then transformed into the selected eight probiotics, which are LF-resistant hosts. Expression of recombinant LFs (rLFs) was analyzed via SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. Although the selected host strains may not contain the nisRK genes (NisK, the sensor kinase; NisR, the regulator protein), the components of autoregulation, a low level of LFs expression can be successfully induced by using nisin within bacterial cells in a time-dependent manner in three engineered clones, including Lactobacillus delbrueckii/HLF, L. delbrueckii/BLF, and L. gasseri/BLF. Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus gasseri originate from yogurt and human milk, respectively, and both strains are functional probiotic strains. Therefore, we further compared the antibacterial activities of disrupted recombinant probiotic clones, conventional strains (host control), and vector control ones by using agar diffusion and broth inhibition analysis, and the expression of rLFs in the above three clones considerately improved their antibacterial efficacies against four important food-borne pathogens, namely, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonellaenterica. In conclusion, this study provides a simple strategy for the production of functional LFs (BLF and HLF) in both functional and LF-resistant hosts for applications in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shu Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (Z.-S.L.); (M.-C.H.); (H.-F.L.)
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
- Center for Environmental Sustainability and Human Health, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City, 24301, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan;
| | - Chung-Pei Lee
- School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan;
| | - Min-Chi Hsieh
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (Z.-S.L.); (M.-C.H.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Hung-Fu Lu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan; (Z.-S.L.); (M.-C.H.); (H.-F.L.)
| | - Ying-Fang Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Yu-We Ku
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (Y.-W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22840368-36
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Murina F, Vicariotto F, Lubrano C. Efficacy of an orally administered combination of Lactobacillus paracasei LC11, cranberry and D-mannose for the prevention of uncomplicated, recurrent urinary tract infections in women. Urologia 2020; 88:64-68. [PMID: 32954992 DOI: 10.1177/0391560320957483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most women experience a urinary tract infection (UTI) at least once in their lifetime. The present study determined the efficacy and safety of a combination of Lactobacillus paracasei LC11, cranberry and D-mannose (Lactoflorene Cist®) in the prophylaxis of recurrent uncomplicated UTIs in premenopausal women. METHODS This single-centre study enrolled premenopausal women aged 18-50 years with an acute UTI and a history of recurrent uncomplicated UTIs. Patients were first treated with fosfomycin (3 g once a day for 2 days) to eliminate any underlying infection, followed by treatment with Lactoflorene Cist® once a day for 10 days/month for 90 days (Group 1), Lactoflorene Cist® once daily for 90 days (Group 2) or no treatment (Group 3; control). The main study endpoint was the rate of UTI recurrence during the study period. Any adverse events with treatment were also recorded. RESULTS A total of 55 women (mean age 39.3 years; range: 20-46) were enrolled in the study. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the control group experienced UTIs during the study period compared with the two treatment groups (52.9% vs 16.0% in Group 1 and 15.5% in group 2; p < 0.01). Similarly, a higher proportion of patients in Group 1 (65.8%) and Group 2 (68.7%) remained UTI-free during the study versus the control group. No adverse events were reported in the treated patients. CONCLUSION Prophylactic treatment with Lactoflorene Cist® was effective and safe in the management of recurrent uncomplicated UTIs in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Murina
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital-University of Studies of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Vicariotto
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital-University of Studies of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lubrano
- Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital-University of Studies of Milan, Milan, Italy
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16
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Mainini G, Passaro M, Schiattarella A, Franciscis PD, Donna MCD, Trezza G. Prevention and treatment of cystitis during menopause: efficacy of a nutraceutical containing D-mannose, inulin, cranberry, bearberry, Olea europaea, Orthosiphon and Lactobacillus acidophilus. PRZEGLAD MENOPAUZALNY = MENOPAUSE REVIEW 2020; 19:130-134. [PMID: 33100948 PMCID: PMC7573332 DOI: 10.5114/pm.2020.99567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the efficacy of a nutraceutical compound containing Uticlin® (D-mannose, cranberry, bearberry, Olea europaea), inulin, Orthosiphon and Lactobacillus acidophilus, in preventing recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in menopausal women. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of menopausal women recruited with a history of recurrent UTIs in the previous twelve months and who intended to treat their bladder problem without the use of antibiotics and/or anti-inflammatories. Women were proposed the use of an oral nutraceutical compound. The drug was taken for ten days, every month. Women were assigned to two parallel cohorts: patients using (group 1) or not using (group 2) this nutraceutical compound. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the number of women with less than two infective episodes in the 6-month follow-up and less than three episodes in the 12-month follow-up. The secondary endpoints were to evaluate the reduction of related symptoms at 12-month follow-up, according to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). RESULTS At 6 months of therapy, the reduction in the number of patients with ≥ 2 UTIs was statistically significant (p < 0.05) compared to baseline only in group 1. At 12 months, the number of patients who were disease-free was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in group 1 compared to group 2. Moreover, the improvement of related symptoms was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in group 1, as shown by the reduction in the VAS scale value. CONCLUSIONS In menopausal women, the combination of D-mannose, inulin, cranberry, bearberry, Olea europaea, Orthosiphon and Lactobacillus acidophilus SGL 11 per os represents a useful therapy for recurrent UTIs in women wanting a natural approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Mainini
- Menopausal Center, San Leonardo Hospital, ASL NA3 SUD, Castellammare di Stabia, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Schiattarella
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Franciscis
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano C. Di Donna
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Arnas Civico, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gennaro Trezza
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Rummo Hospital, Benevento, Italy
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17
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Tractenberg RE, Groah SL, Frost JK, Rounds AK, Davis E, Ljungberg IH, Schladen MM. Effects of Intravesical Lactobacillus Rhamnosus GG on Urinary Symptom Burden in People with Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction. PM R 2020; 13:695-706. [PMID: 32798286 DOI: 10.1002/pmrj.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of intravesical Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) to reduce the burden of urinary symptoms for individuals with spinal cord injury and disease (SCI/D) with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) who manage their bladders with intermittent catheterization (IC). DESIGN A three-phase study (6 months each in baseline, intervention, and washout). Participants self-managed following the Self-Management Protocol using Probiotics (SMP-Pro), completing the online Urinary Symptom Questionnaire for Neurogenic Bladder-IC version (USQNB-IC) weekly. SETTING Nationwide (United States). PARTICIPANTS Ninety-six adults and seven children with SCI/D. INTERVENTIONS In response to one or both of the SMP-Pro trigger urinary symptoms, "cloudier" or "foul smelling" urine, participants self-administered using a clean urinary catheter an LGG+ Normal Saline instillate once or twice in a 30-hour period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Change in USQNB-IC burden was adjusted individually according to the previous phase for four symptom types. Adjusted changes in burden between the intervention and washout phases were analyzed using one-sample t-tests. Holm correction was applied for the four types of symptoms: A, clinically actionable; B1, bladder function; B2, urine quality; and C, other. RESULTS During the intervention phase, participants met SMP-Pro instillation criteria 3.83 times on average (range 1-20). An average of 5.6 doses of LGG were instilled. For those who instilled at least once, burdens of type A and B2 symptoms were significantly improved at washout (both adjusted P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Self-instilled LGG seemed to improve "clinically actionable" (A) and "urine quality" (B2) symptom burden. No changes were observed for those who did not instill. This first-in-human clinical trial supports ongoing research of intravesical LGG, and the SMP-Pro for urinary symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle E Tractenberg
- Collaborative for Research on Outcomes and -Metrics, Silver Spring, MD, USA.,Departments of Neurology and Biostatistics, Bioinformatics & Biomathematics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Suzanne L Groah
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jamie K Frost
- Collaborative for Research on Outcomes and -Metrics, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Amanda K Rounds
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar Health Research Health Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Davis
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Inger H Ljungberg
- MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar Health Research Health Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
| | - Manon M Schladen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar Health Research Health Institute, Hyattsville, MD, USA
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18
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Potentially Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Derived from Food Intensify Crystallization Caused by Proteus mirabilis in Urine. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 13:441-452. [PMID: 32754854 PMCID: PMC8032593 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09689-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a common cause of infectious urolithiasis. The first stage in the formation of urinary stones is the crystallization of mineral salts in the urine induced by urease activity of this microorganism. Lactobacillus spp. are an important component of the human microbiota and in large quantities occur in foods. Regardless of their origin, those with probiotic properties are proposed as an alternative to antibiotic therapy in the treatment of urinary tract infections. The aim of the study was to check the effect of selected Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis strains on crystallization caused by P. mirabilis in an in vitro experiment. It has been confirmed that selected Lactobacillus strains have antibacterial properties and colonize the urinary tract epithelium. During 24-h incubation of bacterial cultures, containing P. mirabilis and individual Lactobacillus strains, in synthetic urine, bacterial viability (CFU/mL), pH, and crystallization were determined. Crystallization was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively using AAS and XRD techniques as well as phase-contrast microscopy. It has been shown that in the presence of selected Lactobacillus strains, the culture pH increases faster, especially after 8 h of incubation, compared with the pure P. mirabilis culture. An increase in pH reduces the viability of P. mirabilis; however, in the presence of some lactobacilli, the uropathogen grows more intensively. The presence of Lactobacillus also affected crystallization by increasing its intensity, and the resulting crystals were larger in size. Tested L. plantarum and L. brevis strains could therefore accelerate the formation of urinary stones and development of infection.
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Ljungquist O, Kampmann C, Resman F, Riesbeck K, Tham J. Probiotics for intestinal decolonization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:456-462. [PMID: 31494254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infections with extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) are a major healthcare concern. Our goal was to investigate whether a probiotic mixture could be used for eradication therapy in patients with prolonged intestinal EPE carriage. METHODS We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded clinical superiority trial in the south of Sweden between February 2017 and April 2019. Probiotic Vivomixx®, a mixture of 8 different living bacterial strains or placebo was given to adult outpatients intestinally colonized for at least 3 months with EPE. Patients with suspected active infections at the time of evaluation were excluded, and also those with immunosuppression, severe psychiatric disorder, drug abuse or dementia. Each patient in the probiotic arm was administered 2 sachets (9.0 × 1011 live bacteria) twice daily for 2 months. The primary outcome was intestinal EPE eradication at the end of the 1-year follow-up, as shown by 3 consecutive negative EPE rectal swabs during the follow-up year. The per protocol follow-up for all patients was 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the initiation of the intervention. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03860415. RESULTS In total, the target size of 80 patients were included. The median age was 68 years in both groups. The number of females in the probiotics group was 23 (58%) and in the placebo group 28 (70%). At the end of the trial, 12.5% (5 out of 40) of the patients in the probiotic group had achieved successful eradication of EPE, as defined by the primary outcome, in the intention to treat analysis. In the placebo group, 5% (2 out of 40) of the patients had achieved successful eradication of EPE (odds ratio 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49-14.9; p 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Successful EPE eradication was observed in very few individuals. This trial did not support Vivomixx® as being superior to placebo for intestinal decolonization in adult patients with chronic colonization of EPE, but was limited in power.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ljungquist
- Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Infectious Disease, Helsingborg's Hospital, Helsingborg, Region Skåne, Sweden.
| | - C Kampmann
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Infectious Disease, SUS Lund, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - F Resman
- Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Tham
- Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are highly prevalent, lead to considerable patient morbidity, incur large financial costs to health-care systems and are one of the most common reasons for antibiotic use worldwide. The growing problem of antimicrobial resistance means that the search for nonantibiotic alternatives for the treatment and prevention of UTI is of critical importance. Potential nonantibiotic measures and treatments for UTIs include behavioural changes, dietary supplementation (such as Chinese herbal medicines and cranberry products), NSAIDs, probiotics, D-mannose, methenamine hippurate, estrogens, intravesical glycosaminoglycans, immunostimulants, vaccines and inoculation with less-pathogenic bacteria. Some of the results of trials of these approaches are promising; however, high-level evidence is required before firm recommendations for their use can be made. A combination of these agents might provide the optimal treatment to reduce recurrent UTI, and trials in specific population groups are required.
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21
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Asadi Karam MR, Habibi M, Bouzari S. Urinary tract infection: Pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and development of effective vaccines against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mol Immunol 2019; 108:56-67. [PMID: 30784763 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are recognized as one of the most common infectious diseases in the world that can be divided to different types. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are the most prevalent causative agent of UTIs that applied different virulence factors such as fimbriae, capsule, iron scavenger receptors, flagella, toxins, and lipopolysaccharide for their pathogenicity in the urinary tract. Despite the high pathogenicity of UPEC strains, host utilizes different immune systems such as innate and adaptive immunity for eradication of them from the urinary tract. The routine therapy of UTIs is based on the use of antibiotics such as β-lactams, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin and quinolones in many countries. Unfortunately, the widespread and misuse of these antibiotics resulted in the increasing rate of resistance to them in the societies. Increasing antibiotic resistance and their side effects on human body show the need to develop alternative strategies such as vaccine against UTIs. Developing a vaccine against UTI pathogens will have an important role in reduction the mortality rate as well as reducing economic costs. Different vaccines based on the whole cells (killed or live-attenuated vaccines) and antigens (subunits, toxins and conjugatedvaccines) have been evaluated against UTIs pathogens. Furthermore, other therapeutic strategies such as the use of probiotics and antimicrobial peptides are considered against UTIs. Despite the extensive efforts, limited success has been achieved and more studies are needed to reach an alternative of antibiotics for treatment of UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, 13164, Iran.
| | - Saeid Bouzari
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave., Tehran, 13164, Iran.
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22
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Vaginal microbiota transplantation for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a conceptual analysis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5304978. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Polysaccharide extracted from Enteromorpha ameliorates Cisplastin-induced small intestine injury in mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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de Llano DG, Arroyo A, Cárdenas N, Rodríguez JM, Moreno-Arribas MV, Bartolomé B. Strain-specific inhibition of the adherence of uropathogenic bacteria to bladder cells by probiotic Lactobacillus spp. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:3586811. [PMID: 28402532 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs), one of most common infections worldwide, face high recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Probiotic bacteria, especially of the genus Lactobacillus, are considered a promising preventive and/or treatment therapy against UTIs. In order to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these beneficial effects, we studied the impact of different Lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus salivarius UCM572, L. plantarum CLC17 and L. acidophilus 01) in the adherence of reference and clinical uropathogenic strains (Escherichia coli ATCC® 53503, E. coli 10791, Enterococcus faecalis 04-1, En. faecalis 08-1 and Staphylococcus epidermidis 08-3) to T24 epithelial bladder cells. In general, the Lactobacillus strains with previous in vivo evidence of beneficial effects against UTIs (L. salivarius UCM572 and L. acidophilus 01) significantly inhibited the adherence of the five uropathogens to T24 cells, displaying percentages of inhibition ranging between 22.2% and 43.9%, and between 16.5% and 53.7%, respectively. On the other hand, L. plantarum CLC17, a strain with no expected effects on UTIs, showed almost negligible anti-adherence effects.Therefore, these in vitro results suggest that inhibition of the adherence of uropathogens to epithelial bladder cells may be one of the mechanisms involved in the potential beneficial effects of probiotics against UTIs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores González de Llano
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Amalia Arroyo
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nivia Cárdenas
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Victoria Moreno-Arribas
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Bartolomé
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Ishaq HM, Mohammad IS, Guo H, Shahzad M, Hou YJ, Ma C, Naseem Z, Wu X, Shi P, Xu J. Molecular estimation of alteration in intestinal microbial composition in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:865-874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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26
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Terlizzi ME, Gribaudo G, Maffei ME. UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) Infections: Virulence Factors, Bladder Responses, Antibiotic, and Non-antibiotic Antimicrobial Strategies. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1566. [PMID: 28861072 PMCID: PMC5559502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common pathological conditions in both community and hospital settings. It has been estimated that about 150 million people worldwide develop UTI each year, with high social costs in terms of hospitalizations and medical expenses. Among the common uropathogens associated to UTIs development, UroPathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the primary cause. UPEC strains possess a plethora of both structural (as fimbriae, pili, curli, flagella) and secreted (toxins, iron-acquisition systems) virulence factors that contribute to their capacity to cause disease, although the ability to adhere to host epithelial cells in the urinary tract represents the most important determinant of pathogenicity. On the opposite side, the bladder epithelium shows a multifaceted array of host defenses including the urine flow and the secretion of antimicrobial substances, which represent useful tools to counteract bacterial infections. The fascinating and intricate dynamics between these players determine a complex interaction system that needs to be revealed. This review will focus on the most relevant components of UPEC arsenal of pathogenicity together with the major host responses to infection, the current approved treatment and the emergence of resistant UPEC strains, the vaccine strategies, the natural antimicrobial compounds along with innovative anti-adhesive and prophylactic approaches to prevent UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Massimo E. Maffei
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of TurinTorino, Italy
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27
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Rajamanikyam M, Gade S, Vadlapudi V, Parvathaneni SP, Koude D, Kumar Dommati A, Kumar Tiwari A, Misra S, Sripadi P, Amanchy R, Upadhyayula SM. Biophysical and biochemical characterization of active secondary metabolites from Aspergillus allahabadii. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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