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Chbel A, Lafnoune A, Nait Irahal I, Bourhim N. Macromolecules from mushrooms, venoms, microorganisms, and plants for diabetes treatment - Progress or setback? Biochimie 2024:S0300-9084(24)00163-9. [PMID: 38996998 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is a substantial public health issue, while its prevalence continues to rise worldwide, affecting millions of persons between the ages of 20 and 80, the development of new therapeutic classes improving glycemic control and consequently micro and macrovascular complications are needed. Today, diabetes treatment is daily for life, and should not be interrupted. However, insulin secretagogues medications, and exogenous self-administration of insulin provide efficient antidiabetic effects, but their misuse leads to hypoglycemic complications besides other risks, hence the need to look for other natural products not to use solely but in concert with others types of medications. In this review, we will highlight briefly the pathophysiology of diabetes and its complications, then we will report the main bioactive macromolecules derived from various sources of natural products providing anti-diabetic properties. However, further researches need to be carried out to face the limitations hampering the development of effective natural drugs for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Chbel
- Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Lafnoune
- Laboratoire des Venins et Toxines, Département de Recherche, Institut Pasteur Du Maroc, 1, Place Louis Pasteur, Casablanca, 20360, Morocco
| | - Imane Nait Irahal
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco; INSERM U1197, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Bâtiment Lavoisier, 94807, Villejuif Cedex, France.
| | - Noureddine Bourhim
- Laboratoire Santé Et Environnement, Faculté Des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca, BP5366 Maarif, Casablanca, Morocco
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2
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Zhou Z, Chen Y, Wang L. Causal influence of celiac disease on the risk of sarcoidosis: A Mendelian randomization study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37736. [PMID: 38608121 PMCID: PMC11018160 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational research shows a link between celiac disease (CeD) and sarcoidosis, but the causal link between CeD and sarcoidosis is still unknown. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to ascertain the causal connection between the 2 disorders. In our two-sample MR analysis, we identified independent genetic variants associated with CeD using publicly accessible GWAS data from people of European ancestry. Summary data for sarcoidosis were obtained from the FinnGen Consortium, the UK-Biobank, and a large GWAS dataset. To assess the association between CeD and sarcoidosis, our MR analysis used inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the primary method, incorporating the MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), and MR-PRESSO (outliers test) as a complementary method. In order to ensure that the findings were reliable, several sensitivity analyses were performed. Our study indicated that CeD had a significant causal relationship with sarcoidosis (IVW odds ratio (OR) = 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07-1.20, P = 5.58E-05; WM OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.03-1.23, P = 1.03E-02; MR-Egger OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.96-1.19, P = 2.20E-01). Additionally, we obtain the same results in the duplicated datasets as well, which makes our results even more reliable. The results of this investigation did not reveal any evidence of horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. Our MR analysis showed a causal effect between CeD and an elevated risk of sarcoidosis. Further study is still needed to confirm the findings and look into the processes underlying these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbing Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunfeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chengdu Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
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Cohen R, Mahlab-Guri K, Atali M, Elbirt D. Viruses and celiac disease: what do we know ? Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2931-2939. [PMID: 37103650 PMCID: PMC10134706 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01070-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview about the link between viruses and celiac disease. A systematic search on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus was conducted on March 07, 2023. The reviewers independently selected the articles and chose which articles to include. The review is a textual systemic review, and all relevant articles were included based on title and abstract. If there was a disagreement between the reviewers, they came to a consensus during deliberation sessions. A total of 178 articles were selected for the review and read in full; only part of them was retained. We found studies between celiac disease and 12 different viruses. Some of the studies were done only on small groups. Most studies were on pediatric population. Evidence for an association was found with several viruses (trigger or protective). It seems that only a part of the viruses could induce the disease. Several points are important to keep in mind: firstly, simple mimicry or that the virus induces a high level of TGA is not sufficient to promote the disease. Secondly, inflammatory background is necessary to induce CD with virus. Thirdly, IFN type 1 seems to have an important role. Some of the viruses are potential or known triggers like enteroviruses, rotaviruses, reoviruses, and influenza. Further studies are needed to better understand the role of viruses in celiac disease to better treat and prevent the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Cohen
- Internal Department B, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Clinical Immunology Allergy and AIDS, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Keren Mahlab-Guri
- Department of Clinical Immunology Allergy and AIDS, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Malka Atali
- Internal Department B, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Elbirt
- Department of Clinical Immunology Allergy and AIDS, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
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Krogvold L, Genoni A, Puggioni A, Campani D, Richardson SJ, Flaxman CS, Edwin B, Buanes T, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Toniolo A. Live enteroviruses, but not other viruses, detected in human pancreas at the onset of type 1 diabetes in the DiViD study. Diabetologia 2022; 65:2108-2120. [PMID: 35953727 PMCID: PMC9630231 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05779-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Enterovirus (EV) infection of pancreatic islet cells is one possible factor contributing to type 1 diabetes development. We have reported the presence of EV genome by PCR and of EV proteins by immunohistochemistry in pancreatic sections. Here we explore multiple human virus species in the Diabetes Virus Detection (DiViD) study cases using innovative methods, including virus passage in cell cultures. METHODS Six recent-onset type 1 diabetes patients (age 24-35) were included in the DiViD study. Minimal pancreatic tail resection was performed under sterile conditions. Eleven live cases (age 43-83) of pancreatic carcinoma without diabetes served as control cases. In the present study, we used EV detection methods that combine virus growth in cell culture, gene amplification and detection of virus-coded proteins by immunofluorescence. Pancreas homogenates in cell culture medium were incubated with EV-susceptible cell lines for 3 days. Two to three blind passages were performed. DNA and RNA were extracted from both pancreas tissue and cell cultures. Real-time PCR was used for detecting 20 different viral agents other than EVs (six herpesviruses, human polyomavirus [BK virus and JC virus], parvovirus B19, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis A virus, mumps, rubella, influenza A/B, parainfluenza 1-4, respiratory syncytial virus, astrovirus, norovirus, rotavirus). EV genomes were detected by endpoint PCR using five primer pairs targeting the partially conserved 5' untranslated region genome region of the A, B, C and D species. Amplicons were sequenced. The expression of EV capsid proteins was evaluated in cultured cells using a panel of EV antibodies. RESULTS Samples from six of six individuals with type 1 diabetes (cases) and two of 11 individuals without diabetes (control cases) contained EV genomes (p<0.05). In contrast, genomes of 20 human viruses other than EVs could be detected only once in an individual with diabetes (Epstein-Barr virus) and once in an individual without diabetes (parvovirus B19). EV detection was confirmed by immunofluorescence of cultured cells incubated with pancreatic extracts: viral antigens were expressed in the cytoplasm of approximately 1% of cells. Notably, infection could be transmitted from EV-positive cell cultures to uninfected cell cultures using supernatants filtered through 100 nm membranes, indicating that infectious agents of less than 100 nm were present in pancreases. Due to the slow progression of infection in EV-carrying cell cultures, cytopathic effects were not observed by standard microscopy but were recognised by measuring cell viability. Sequences of 5' untranslated region amplicons were compatible with EVs of the B, A and C species. Compared with control cell cultures exposed to EV-negative pancreatic extracts, EV-carrying cell cultures produced significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Sensitive assays confirm that the pancreases of all DiViD cases contain EVs but no other viruses. Analogous EV strains have been found in pancreases of two of 11 individuals without diabetes. The detected EV strains can be passaged in series from one cell culture to another in the form of poorly replicating live viruses encoding antigenic proteins recognised by multiple EV-specific antibodies. Thus, the early phase of type 1 diabetes is associated with a low-grade infection by EVs, but not by other viral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Krogvold
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Angelo Genoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Anna Puggioni
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Daniela Campani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Christine S Flaxman
- Islet Biology Group (IBEx), Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes (EXCEED), University of Exeter College of Medicine and Health, Exeter, UK
| | - Bjørn Edwin
- Department for HPB Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trond Buanes
- Department for HPB Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Chavda V, Chaurasia B, Umana GE, Tomasi SO, Lu B, Montemurro N. Narcolepsy-A Neuropathological Obscure Sleep Disorder: A Narrative Review of Current Literature. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1473. [PMID: 36358399 PMCID: PMC9688775 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a chronic, long-term neurological disorder characterized by a decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Some clinical symptoms enter into differential diagnosis with other neurological diseases. Excessive daytime sleepiness and brief involuntary sleep episodes are the main clinical symptoms. The majority of people with narcolepsy experience cataplexy, which is a loss of muscle tone. Many people experience neurological complications such as sleep cycle disruption, hallucinations or sleep paralysis. Because of the associated neurological conditions, the exact pathophysiology of narcolepsy is unknown. The differential diagnosis is essential because relatively clinical symptoms of narcolepsy are easy to diagnose when all symptoms are present, but it becomes much more complicated when sleep attacks are isolated and cataplexy is episodic or absent. Treatment is tailored to the patient's symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders and to better understand the neuropathological mechanisms of this sleep disorder, this review summarizes current knowledge on narcolepsy, in particular, genetic and non-genetic associations of narcolepsy, the pathophysiology up to the inflammatory response, the neuromorphological hallmarks of narcolepsy, and possible links with other diseases, such as diabetes, ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review also reports all of the most recent updated research and therapeutic advances in narcolepsy. There have been significant advances in highlighting the pathogenesis of narcolepsy, with substantial evidence for an autoimmune response against hypocretin neurons; however, there are some gaps that need to be filled. To treat narcolepsy, more research should be focused on identifying molecular targets and novel autoantigens. In addition to therapeutic advances, standardized criteria for narcolepsy and diagnostic measures are widely accepted, but they may be reviewed and updated in the future with comprehension. Tailored treatment to the patient's symptoms and clinical diagnosis and future treatment modalities with hypocretin agonists, GABA agonists, histamine receptor antagonists and immunomodulatory drugs should be aimed at addressing the underlying cause of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pathology, Stanford of School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bipin Chaurasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj 44300, Nepal
| | - Giuseppe E. Umana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Associate Fellow of American College of Surgeons, Trauma and Gamma-Knife Centre, Cannizzaro Hospital Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford of School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Alblihed M. Primary understanding of type 1 diabetes as an autoimmune disease. SAUDI JOURNAL FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sjhs.sjhs_50_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
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7
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Benninger F, Steiner I. Non-infectious mechanisms of neurological damage due to infection. J Neurol Sci 2021; 431:120057. [PMID: 34800841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.120057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Infections of the nervous system is a growing aspect of clinical neurology. Accumulating knowledge in early diagnosis, course, therapy and prognosis is enlarging the clinical tools required for effective therapy. Of special importance is the ability to differentiate between proper infections, where anti-microbial agents, when available, should be introduced and used and post infectious conditions where therapy is mainly directed against the host immune system. The two conditions sometimes overlap, a situation that requires the ability to combine clinical skills with the use of laboratory tools such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serology, and antigenic detection. In the era of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the need to make this distinction is emphasized as correct diagnosis of post infectious conditions and expedited therapy is important and sometimes lifesaving. We here attempt to present several infectious agents and their possible indirect damage to the nervous system causing in some cases significant neurological deficits. We try to limit our focus on those mechanisms which do not involve the direct tissue damage by the infectious agents but rather are connected to para- and post-infectious mechanisms. We attempt to delineate the features that will enable to tailor the correct diagnosis and following the effective therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Benninger
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Israel Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Wood Heickman LK, DeBoer MD, Fasano A. Zonulin as a potential putative biomarker of risk for shared type 1 diabetes and celiac disease autoimmunity. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3309. [PMID: 32162764 PMCID: PMC7340576 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing annually, in addition to other childhood-onset autoimmune diseases. This review is inspired by recent strides in research defining the pathophysiology of autoimmunity in celiac disease, a disease that has significant genetic overlap with T1D. Population genetic studies have demonstrated an increased proportion of newly diagnosed young children with T1D also have a higher genetic risk of celiac disease, suggesting that shared environmental risk factors are driving the incidence of both diseases. The small intestine barrier forms a tightly regulated interface of the immune system with the outside world and largely controls the mucosal immune response to non-self-antigens, dictating the balance between tolerance and immune response. Zonulin is the only known physiological modulator of the intercellular tight junctions, important in antigen trafficking, and therefore, is a key player in regulation of the mucosal immune response. While usually tightly controlled, when the zonulin pathway is dysregulated by changes in microbiome composition and function, antigen trafficking control is lost, leading to loss of mucosal tolerance in genetically susceptible individuals. The tenant of this hypothesis is that loss of tolerance would not occur if the zonulin-dependent intestinal barrier function is restored, thereby preventing the influence of environmental triggers in individuals genetically susceptible to autoimmunity. This review outlines the current research and a structured hypothesis on how a dysregulated small intestinal epithelial barrier, a "leaky gut," may be important in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity in certain individuals at risk of both T1D and celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K Wood Heickman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark D DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- European Biomedical Research Institute of Salerno (EBRIS), Salerno, Italy
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9
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Untangling narcolepsy and diabetes: Pathomechanisms with eyes on therapeutic options. Brain Res 2019; 1718:212-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Wijarnpreecha K, Panjawatanan P, Corral JE, Lukens FJ, Ungprasert P. Celiac disease and risk of sarcoidosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Evid Based Med 2019; 12:194-199. [PMID: 31218829 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Several epidemiologic studies have suggested that patients with celiac disease may be at an increased risk of sarcoidosis but the results were inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted with the aim to better characterize this risk by summarizing all available data. METHODS A literature review was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to February 2019. Studies that compared the risk of sarcoidosis among patients with celiac disease versus individuals without celiac disease were included. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method. RESULTS Of 426 retrieved studies, four studies with 693 639 participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in meta-analysis. The risk of sarcoidosis among patients with celiac disease was higher than individuals without celiac disease with the pooled OR of 7.16 (95% CI, 1.48-34.56). The statistical heterogeneity of this study was high (I2 = 95%). CONCLUSIONS This systematic review and meta-analysis found a significantly higher risk of sarcoidosis among patients with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karn Wijarnpreecha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bassett Medical Center, Cooperstown, New York
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | | | - Juan E Corral
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Frank J Lukens
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Patompong Ungprasert
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Research and Development, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hellesen A, Bratland E. The potential role for infections in the pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 195:52-63. [PMID: 30144040 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD), or primary adrenocortical insufficiency, is a classical organ-specific autoimmune disease with 160 years of history. AAD is remarkably homogeneous with one major dominant self-antigen, the cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase enzyme, which is targeted by both autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells. Like most autoimmune diseases, AAD is thought to be caused by an unfortunate combination of genetic and environmental factors. While the number of genetic associations with AAD is increasing, almost nothing is known about environmental factors. A major environmental factor commonly proposed for autoimmune diseases, based partly on experimental and clinical data and partly on shared pathways between anti-viral immunity and autoimmunity, is viral infections. However, there are few reports associating viral infections to AAD, and it has proved difficult to establish which immunological processes that could link any viral infection with the initiation or progression of AAD. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of AAD and take a closer look on the potential involvement of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hellesen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Senter for Autoimmune Sykdommer, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Bratland
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Senter for Autoimmune Sykdommer, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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12
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Shahramian I, Bazi A, Sargazi A. An Overview of Celiac Disease in Childhood Type 1 Diabetes. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 16:e66801. [PMID: 30214462 PMCID: PMC6119207 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.66801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Celiac disease (CD) is a common phenomenon in children with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). In the present review, we have discussed the pathogenesis, diagnostic biomarkers, risk factors, and prognosis of CD in the context of pediatric T1D. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Literature published in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were scrutinized up to the end of 2017. The keywords of celiac disease, Type 1 diabetes, children, and pediatric were used in different combinations. RESULTS Immune cytotoxic reactions along with dampen immune regulatory functions contribute to CD in the context of pediatric T1D. Many children with simultaneous CD and T1D do not represent with the clinical signs of the enteropathy rendering a diagnostic challenge. The most common screening tests in these children are routine serological tests of CD, anti - endomysial, anti - transglutaminase, and anti - deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies. Typing for human leukocyte antigens of DQ - 2 and DQ - 8 may assist in the diagnosis of silent CD in children with T1D. The most significant shared non - HLA genetic loci of CD and T1D comprise CTLA - 4, TAGAP, IL - 18RAP, PTPN2, RGS1, SH2B3, CCR5. Interactions between these loci can be important in susceptibility to CD in T1D. Some new biomarkers have been suggested for diagnosis of CD including ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), soluble syndecan-1 (SSDC-1), regenerating gene Iα (REG-Iα), Neurotensin, and Zonulin, which can be useful for diagnosis and screening of CD in childhood T1D. CONCLUSIONS Overall, active seropositive CD seems to be of clinical importance in T1D with significant impacts on the quality of life and predisposition to diabetes associated complications. It is important to detect CD in the context of T1D to prevent potential risks contributing to morbidities and mortalities associated with either CD or T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Shahramian
- Pediatric Ward, Amir - Al - Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Amir - Al - Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
- Corresponding author: Ali Bazi, Clinical Research Development Unit, Amir - Al - Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-5432232166, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Sargazi
- Student Research Committee, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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13
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Mataix-Cols D, Frans E, Pérez-Vigil A, Kuja-Halkola R, Gromark C, Isomura K, Fernández de la Cruz L, Serlachius E, Leckman JF, Crowley JJ, Rück C, Almqvist C, Lichtenstein P, Larsson H. A total-population multigenerational family clustering study of autoimmune diseases in obsessive-compulsive disorder and Tourette's/chronic tic disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1652-1658. [PMID: 29133949 PMCID: PMC5951741 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The association between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's/chronic tic disorders (TD/CTD) with autoimmune diseases (ADs) is uncertain. In this nationwide study, we sought to clarify the patterns of comorbidity and familial clustering of a broad range of ADs in individuals with OCD, individuals with TD/CTD and their biological relatives. From a birth cohort of 7 465 455 individuals born in Sweden between 1940 and 2007, we identified 30 082 OCD and 7279 TD/CTD cases in the National Patient Register and followed them up to 31 December 2013. The risk of 40 ADs was evaluated in individuals with OCD, individuals with TD/CTD and their first- (siblings, mothers, fathers), second- (half siblings) and third-degree (cousins) relatives, compared with population controls. Individuals with OCD and TD/CTD had increased comorbidity with any AD (43% and 36%, respectively) and many individual ADs. The risk of any AD and several individual ADs was consistently higher among first-degree relatives than among second- and third-degree relatives of OCD and TD/CTD probands. The risk of ADs was very similar in mothers, fathers and siblings of OCD probands, whereas it tended to be higher in mothers and fathers of TD/CTD probands (compared with siblings). The results suggest a familial link between ADs in general (that is, not limited to Streptococcus-related conditions) and both OCD and TD/CTD. Additional mother-specific factors, such as the placental transmission of antibodies, cannot be fully ruled out, particularly in TD/CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mataix-Cols
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - E Frans
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Pérez-Vigil
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Kuja-Halkola
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Gromark
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Isomura
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Fernández de la Cruz
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Serlachius
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J F Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J J Crowley
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Departments of Genetics and Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Rück
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Song JH, Kim TW, Um YH, Hong SC. Narcolepsy: Association with H1N1 Infection and Vaccination. SLEEP MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.17241/smr.2016.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Haller MJ, Schatz DA. The DIPP project: 20 years of discovery in type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17 Suppl 22:5-7. [PMID: 27411430 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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