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Maung HN, Aung KT, Maung Maung T, Phyo AP, Pwint KH, Aye MM, Thi Thuy Hanh N. Prevalence of Secondhand Smoke and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at a Hospital in Yangon Region, Myanmar. Asia Pac J Public Health 2023; 35:351-357. [PMID: 37243481 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231176611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Smokers are not the only ones who suffer the effects of tobacco; those around them are also harmed, particularly vulnerable groups such as pregnant women. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of secondhand smoke (SHS) among pregnant women and the factors associated with SHS exposure. This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Central Women's Hospital in the Yangon Region in 2022. The prevalence of SHS exposure was described, and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the associated factors. Out of 407 participants, the prevalence of SHS exposure was 65.4%. Education level, religion, smoking rules at home, visiting public places, and avoidance of SHS during pregnancy were significantly associated with SHS exposure. The findings highlighted the need for community guidance programs, policies, and interventions to establish smoke-free environments. It is also important to conduct behavioral interventions for smokers, especially to avoid SHS for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hein Nyi Maung
- Department of Population, Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kyaw Thet Aung
- Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Thae Maung Maung
- Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Aung Pyae Phyo
- Medical Statistics Division, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Khin Hnin Pwint
- Pharmaceutical Toxicology Research Division, National Poison Control Centre, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Moe Moe Aye
- Pharmaceutical Toxicology Research Division, National Poison Control Centre, Department of Medical Research, Ministry of Health, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Nguyen Thi Thuy Hanh
- Department of Population, Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Training, Scientific Management and International Collaboration, Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Mantey DS, Omega-Njemnobi O, Barroso CS. Secondhand Smoke Exposure at Home and/or in a Vehicle: Differences Between Urban and Non-Urban Adolescents in the United States, From 2015 to 2018. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:1327-1333. [PMID: 33155051 PMCID: PMC8496497 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Secondhand smoke exposure during adolescence is linked to increased risk for cigarette smoking susceptibility and initiation. Non-urban youth may encounter a disproportionate number social and environmental risk factors for secondhand smoke exposure. Research is needed to explore geographic disparities in secondhand smoke exposure. AIMS AND METHODS Four years of National Youth Tobacco Survey (2015-2018) data were pooled. Participants were 69 249 middle and high school students. Multivariable logistic regression examined the relationship between geographic region and secondhand smoke exposure (1) at home and (2) in a vehicle. A multivariable, multinomial logistic regression examined the relationship between geographic region and number of sources of secondhand smoke exposure (ie, 0, 1 source, 2 sources). Covariates included sex, race/ethnicity, grade level, past 30-day tobacco use, and living with a tobacco user. RESULTS From 2015 to 2018, ~28.4% of middle and high school students reported secondhand smoke exposure either at home, in a vehicle, or both. Non-urban youth had greater odds of reporting secondhand smoke exposure at home (Adj OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.38) and in a vehicle (Adj OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.35 to 1.65), compared with urban youth. Similarly, non-urban youth had greater odds of reporting secondhand smoke exposure via one source (RRR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.31) and two sources (RRR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.42 to 1.82), relative to no exposure, than urban youth. CONCLUSION Secondhand smoke exposure at home and/or in a vehicle varies across geographic region. Targeted interventions should be developed and implemented to reduce secondhand smoke exposure among at-risk youth. IMPLICATIONS Findings showcase the need to address secondhand smoke exposure in non-urban areas and how it impacts adolescents. Public health interventions and regulatory policies aimed at improving social norms and expanding health infrastructure in rural communities should be designed and implemented in order to prevent and reduce secondhand smoke exposure among non-urban youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale S Mantey
- University of Texas School of Public Health,
Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Cristina S Barroso
- University of Tennessee, College of Education, Health, and
Human Sciences, Knoxville, TN, USA
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Ngo CQ, Phan PT, Vu GV, Chu HT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen MH, Phan HT, Ong BMY, Vu GT, Pham KTH, Tran BX, Latkin CA, Ho CSH, Ho RCM. Prevalence and Sources of Second-Hand Smoking Exposure among Non-Smoking Pregnant Women in an Urban Setting of Vietnam. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16245022. [PMID: 31835519 PMCID: PMC6950206 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16245022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to second-hand smoke (SHS) among non-smoking pregnant women can lead to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. A cross-sectional study was performed from July to August 2016 among 432 pregnant women at Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, to assess the prevalence and sources of SHS exposure among non-smoking pregnant women. Socio-economic characteristics and information regarding SHS exposure of participants were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to identify associated factors. Overall, 92.6% and 64.5% of pregnant women were exposed to SHS in their lifetime and in the last 30 days, respectively. Cafeterias and restaurants had the highest proportion of pregnant women exposed to SHS. Those who reported that “smoking is allowed at home” (OR = 3.18; 95%CI = 1.97–5.13); going to working place (OR = 1.86; 95%CI = 1.08–3.19), going to state authority offices (OR = 1.98; 95%CI = 1.15–3.41), and cafeterias (OR = 1.96; 95%CI = 1.22–3.16) had the highest risk of SHS exposure in the last 30 days. We have found a high proportion of SHS exposure among non-smoking pregnant women in Vietnam. This comes from a multitude of sources, including homes, workplaces, cafeterias, and restaurants. The data emphasises the need for further intervention to address this health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau Quy Ngo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.Q.N.); (P.T.P.); (G.V.V.); (T.T.N.); (M.H.N.)
- Respiratory Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Phuong Thu Phan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.Q.N.); (P.T.P.); (G.V.V.); (T.T.N.); (M.H.N.)
- Respiratory Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Giap Van Vu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.Q.N.); (P.T.P.); (G.V.V.); (T.T.N.); (M.H.N.)
- Respiratory Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Hanh Thi Chu
- Respiratory Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
| | - Toan Thi Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.Q.N.); (P.T.P.); (G.V.V.); (T.T.N.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Mai Hong Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (C.Q.N.); (P.T.P.); (G.V.V.); (T.T.N.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Hai Thanh Phan
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +84-333998764
| | - Benjamin M. Y. Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Giang Thu Vu
- Center of Excellence in Evidence-Based Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Kiet Tuan Huy Pham
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (K.T.H.P.); (B.X.T.)
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam; (K.T.H.P.); (B.X.T.)
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Carl A. Latkin
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Cyrus S. H. Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Roger C. M. Ho
- Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Buettner-Schmidt K, Miller DR, Maack B. Disparities in Rural Tobacco Use, Smoke-Free Policies, and Tobacco Taxes. West J Nurs Res 2019; 41:1184-1202. [PMID: 30774036 PMCID: PMC6613179 DOI: 10.1177/0193945919828061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) remain leading causes of preventable disease, disability, and mortality in the United States. Rural populations are among those being left behind in the recent declining smoking rates and have become a focus of discussions on tobacco-related disparities. This article describes tobacco-related disparities in rural populations including tobacco use, exposure to SHS, smoke-free policies, and tobacco taxes. Nurses, as social justice and tobacco control policy advocates, are needed especially at the local level, where much of the policy work occurs and where nursing's voice is respected and can be powerful.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brody Maack
- 1 North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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Mayne SL, Widome R, Carroll AJ, Schreiner PJ, Gordon-Larsen P, Jacobs DR, Kershaw KN. Longitudinal Associations of Smoke-Free Policies and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: CARDIA Study. Circulation 2018; 138:557-566. [PMID: 29735485 PMCID: PMC6202173 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoke-free legislation has been associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease hospital admissions in ecological studies. However, prior studies lacked detailed information on individual-level factors (eg, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics) that could potentially confound associations. Our objective was to estimate associations of smoke-free policies with incident cardiovascular disease in a longitudinal cohort after controlling for sociodemographics, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and policy covariates. METHODS Longitudinal data from 3783 black and white adults in the CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults; 1995-2015) were linked to state, county, and local 100% smoke-free policies in bars, restaurants, and nonhospitality workplaces by Census tract. Extended Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of incident cardiovascular disease associated with time-dependent smoke-free policy exposures. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular disease risk factors, state cigarette tax, participant-reported presence of a smoking ban at their workplace, field center, and metropolitan statistical area poverty. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 20 years (68 332 total person-years), 172 participants had an incident cardiovascular disease event (2.5 per 1000 person-years). Over the follow-up period, 80% of participants lived in areas with smoke-free policies in restaurants, 67% in bars, and 65% in nonhospitality workplaces. In fully adjusted models, participants living in an area with a restaurant, bar, or workplace smoke-free policy had a lower risk of incident cardiovascular disease compared with those in areas without smoke-free policies (HR, 0.75, 95% confidence interval, 0.49-1.15; HR, 0.76, 95% confidence interval, 0.47-1.24; HR, 0.54, 95% confidence interval, 0.34-0.86, respectively; HR, 0.58, 95% confidence interval, 0.33-1.00 for living in an area with all 3 types of policies compared with none). The estimated preventive fraction was 25% for restaurant policies, 24% for bar policies, and 46% for workplace policies. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with prior ecological studies, these individual-based data add to the evidence that 100% smoke-free policies are associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease among middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Mayne
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.L.M., A.J.C., K.N.K.)
| | - Rachel Widome
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneap-olis (R.W., P.J.S., D.R.J.)
| | - Allison J Carroll
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.L.M., A.J.C., K.N.K.)
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneap-olis (R.W., P.J.S., D.R.J.)
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill (P.G.-L.)
| | - David R Jacobs
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneap-olis (R.W., P.J.S., D.R.J.)
| | - Kiarri N Kershaw
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (S.L.M., A.J.C., K.N.K.)
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