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Exploring the Physiological Multiplicity of Native Microalgae from the Ecuadorian Highland, Italian Lowland and Indoor Locations in Response to UV-B. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021346. [PMID: 36674853 PMCID: PMC9867290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential effects of UV-B on the inhibition or activation of protective mechanisms to maintain cells photosynthetically active were investigated in native microalgae. Four strains were used, including two Chlorella sorokiniana strains, F4 and LG1, isolated from a Mediterranean inland swamp and a recycled cigarette butt's substrate, respectively, and two isolates from an Ecuadorian highland lake related to Pectinodesmus pectinatus (PEC) and Ettlia pseudoalveolaris (ETI). Monocultures were exposed to acute UV-B (1.7 W m-2) over 18 h under controlled conditions. UV-B-untreated microalgae were used as the control. Comparative physiological responses, including photosynthetic pigments, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and chlorophyll a fluorescence, were evaluated at specific time points. Results showed that UV-B significantly compromised all the physiological parameters in F4, thereby resulting in the most UV-B-sensitive strain. Contrarily, UV-B exposure did not lead to changes in the PEC physiological traits, resulting in the best UV-B-resistant strain. This could be attributed to the acclimation to high light habitat, where maintaining a constitutive phenotype (at the photosynthetic level) is strategically advantageous. Differently, LG1 and ETI at 12 h of UV-B exposure showed different UV-B responses, which is probably related to acclimation, where in LG1, the pigments were recovered, and the antioxidants were still functioning, while in ETI, the accumulation of pigments and antioxidants was increased to avoid further photodamage. Consequently, the prolonged exposure in LG1 and ETI resulted in species-specific metabolic regulation (e.g., non-enzymatic antioxidants) in order to constrain full photoinhibition under acute UV-B.
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Fuentes E, Pérez-Velón D, Prieto B. Effects of changes in UV-B radiation levels on biofilm-forming organisms commonly found in cultural heritage surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114061. [PMID: 35985488 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measuring and monitoring methods available since the 1980s have shown that the amount of Ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation reaching the Earth's surface has increased as a result of degradation of the ozone layer. Since the adoption of the Montreal Protocol in 1987, ozone levels have been recovering successfully. However, in the context of the current climate change, other factors such as changes in cloud patterns and an increased incidence of natural disasters (e.g. fires) may be disrupting this recovery. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different UV-B radiation levels on biofilms colonising heritage monuments. For this purpose, the effects of current UV-B levels on a biofilm composed of Synechocystis sp. (a cyanobacterium), Bracteacoccus minor (a green alga) and Fusarium sp. (a fungus) were compared at three points along a South-North transect: Portugal, Galicia (NW Spain) and Ireland (from highest to lowest UV-B radiation, respectively). Increased levels of UV-B radiation caused changes in the growth, physiological state and composition of subaerial biofilms, with cyanobacteria being more resistant than green algae to high levels of UV-B. A reduction of fungal growth and extracellular polymer substances (EPS) production was also observed, related to the reduction of biofilm aggregation at high UV-B levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Fuentes
- Departamento Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Diana Pérez-Velón
- Departamento Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Prieto
- Departamento Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidade Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Zhang Y, Li K, Zhou Q, Chen L, Yang X, Zhang H. Phytoplankton responses to solar UVR and its combination with nutrient enrichment in a plateau oligotrophic Lake Fuxian: a mesocosm experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:29931-29944. [PMID: 33576963 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors associated with global change are influencing the phytoplankton taxonomic composition and biomass in plateau lakes, such as higher levels of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) and the risk of eutrophication. Although the restrictive effects of high UVR on phytoplankton are generally recognized, the effects will be impacted by the UVR levels of seasonal changes and the nutrient status. In this study, in situ phytoplankton productivity was measured seasonally under full solar radiation and only visible light (photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) conditions in the plateau oligotrophic Lake Fuxian, Southwest China. To determine the single effects of UVR and nutrient enrichment and their combined impact on phytoplankton communities, a mesocosm experiment (1 month) was conducted outdoors during late summer (rainy season). The interactive experiment was designed with two radiation treatments (UVR + PAR and PAR) and four nutrient treatments (raw water, nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, nitrogen and phosphorus addition). Our results suggested that the response of phytoplankton to UVR depended largely on nutrient availability, which was embodied in the no significant responses of phytoplankton productivity and total biomass to UVR in the oligotrophic raw water from Lake Fuxian, but the positive responses of total biomass to UVR in the nutrient enrichment treatment. Furthermore, the response of phytoplankton to UVR was also taxa dependent. Chlorophytes and dinoflagellates showed positive response to UVR, whereas chrysophytes were quite sensitive to UVR; diatoms had no significant response to UVR under all nutrient conditions, while the response of cyanobacteria to UVR was highly dependent on nutrient status. This study highlights that the increase in nutrient concentrations in oligotrophic lake not only directly promotes the growth of phytoplankton but also combines with low UVR during summer to benefit the growth of eutrophic taxa based on the non-negative effect of UVR on total phytoplankton biomass and the positive effect on eutrophic taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Kaidi Li
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Qichao Zhou
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650034, China.
| | - Le Chen
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Management of Plateau Lake-Watershed, Yunnan Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650034, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hucai Zhang
- Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Wang B, Ye T, Li X, Bian P, Liu Y, Wang G. Survival of desert algae Chlorella exposed to Mars-like near space environment. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2021; 29:22-29. [PMID: 33888284 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Desert was considered terrestrial analogues of Mars. In this study, dried cells of desert green algae Chlorella were exposed to Mars-like near-space environment using high-altitude scientific balloons. We found that while a majority of Chlorella cells survived, they exhibited considerable damage, such as low photosynthetic activity, reduced cell growth, increased cell mortality rate, and altered chloroplast and mitochondrial ultrastructure. Additionally, transcriptome analysis of near space-exposed Chlorella cells revealed 3292 differentially expressed genes compared to cells in the control ground group, including heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, DNA repair systems, as well as proteins related to the PSII apparatus and ribosomes. These data shed light on the possible survival strategy of desert algae to near space environments. Our results indicated that Mars-like near space conditions represent an extreme environment for desert algae in terms of temperature, pressure, and radiations. The survival strategy of Chlorella in response to near space will help gain insights into the possibility of extremophile colonization on the surface of Mars and in similar extraterrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong Ye
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Po Bian
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-engineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Yongding Liu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gaohong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Pereira S, Otero A. Effect of light quality on carotenogenic and non-carotenogenic species of the genus Dunaliella under nitrogen deficiency. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mata MT, Palma A, García-Gómez C, López-Parages M, Vázquez V, Cheng-Sánchez I, Sarabia F, López-Figueroa F, Jiménez C, Segovia M. Type II-Metacaspases are involved in cell stress but not in cell death in the unicellular green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. MICROBIAL CELL 2019; 6:494-508. [PMID: 31799323 PMCID: PMC6859423 DOI: 10.15698/mic2019.11.696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR; 280–400 nm) has a great impact on aquatic ecosystems by affecting ecophysiological and biogeochemical processes as a consequence of the global change scenario generated by anthropogenic activities. We studied the effect of PAR (P)+UVA (A)+UVB (B) i.e. PAB, on the molecular physiology of the unicellular green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta for six days. We assessed the relationship between the triggered UVR stress response and metacaspases and caspase-like (CL)activities, which are proteases denoted to participate in cell death (CD) in phytoplankton. UVR inhibited cell growth and in vivo chlorophyll a fluorescence but did not cause cell death. Western blot analyses reflected that Type-II metacaspases (MCs) are present and appear to be involved in UVR induced-cell stress but not in dark-induced CD in D. tertiolecta. Enzyme kinetics revealed that cleavage of the MCs-reporter substrates RVRR, QRR, GRR, LKR, HEK, and VLK was 10-fold higher than WEHD, DEVD, IETD, and LETD CLs-substrates. The lowest apparent Michaelis-Menten constants (KMap) corresponded to RVRRase (37.5 μM) indicating a high affinity by the RVRR substrate. The inhibition of enzymatic activities by using inhibitors with different target sites for hydrolyses demonstrated that from all of the R/ Kase activities only RVRRase was a potential candidate for being a metacaspase. In parallel, zymograms and peptide-mass fingerprinting analyses revealed the identities of such Rase activities suggesting an indirect evidence of possible natural physiological substrates of MCs. We present evidence of type II-MCs not being involved in CD in D. tertiolecta, but rather in survival strategies under the stressful irradiance conditions applied in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Mata
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain.,Present address: Antofagasta Bioinnovation Center (CBIA), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Biological Resources. University of Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Armando Palma
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - Candela García-Gómez
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain.,Present address: Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Puerto Pesquero, 29640-Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain
| | - María López-Parages
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - Víctor Vázquez
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - Iván Cheng-Sánchez
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco Sarabia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - Félix López-Figueroa
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain
| | - María Segovia
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Blvd. Louis Pasteur s / n, 29071-Málaga, Spain
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Olischläger M, Iñiguez C, Koch K, Wiencke C, Gordillo FJL. Increased pCO 2 and temperature reveal ecotypic differences in growth and photosynthetic performance of temperate and Arctic populations of Saccharina latissima. PLANTA 2017; 245:119-136. [PMID: 27654952 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2594-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The Arctic population of the kelp Saccharina latissima differs from the Helgoland population in its sensitivity to changing temperature and CO 2 levels. The Arctic population does more likely benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart. The previous research demonstrated that warming and ocean acidification (OA) affect the biochemical composition of Arctic (Spitsbergen; SP) and cold-temperate (Helgoland; HL) Saccharina latissima differently, suggesting ecotypic differentiation. This study analyses the responses to different partial pressures of CO2 (380, 800, and 1500 µatm pCO2) and temperature levels (SP population: 4, 10 °C; HL population: 10, 17 °C) on the photophysiology (O2 production, pigment composition, D1-protein content) and carbon assimilation [Rubisco content, carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCMs), growth rate] of both ecotypes. Elevated temperatures stimulated O2 production in both populations, and also led to an increase in pigment content and a deactivation of CCMs, as indicated by 13C isotopic discrimination of algal biomass (ε p) in the HL population, which was not observed in SP thalli. In general, pCO2 effects were less pronounced than temperature effects. High pCO2 deactivated CCMs in both populations and produced a decrease in the Rubisco content of HL thalli, while it was unaltered in SP population. As a result, the growth rate of the Arctic ecotype increased at elevated pCO2 and higher temperatures and it remained unchanged in the HL population. Ecotypic differentiation was revealed by a significantly higher O2 production rate and an increase in Chl a, Rubisco, and D1 protein content in SP thalli, but a lower growth rate, in comparison to the HL population. We conclude that both populations differ in their sensitivity to changing temperatures and OA and that the Arctic population is more likely to benefit from the upcoming environmental scenario than its Atlantic counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Olischläger
- Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Concepción Iñiguez
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur s/n, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Kristina Koch
- Marine Botany and Bremen Marine Ecology-Center for Research and Education (BreMarE), University of Bremen, LeobenerStr. NW2, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Wiencke
- Department of Functional Ecology, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
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