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Fayyad-Kazan M, Bourgoin-Voillard S, Rachidi W, Seve M. Proteomic Methods to Study Autophagy in Skin Exposed to Pollutants. Methods Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38997536 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2024_555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to the natural cellular process by which cells degrade and recycle their own damaged or dysfunctional cellular components. It is an essential mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis removing toxic substances and providing energy during times of stress or nutrient deprivation. When autophagy is dysregulated or impaired, it can have detrimental effects on cell function and overall health. Studying autophagy in skin exposed to pollutants can provide valuable insights into the cellular mechanisms underlying pollutant-induced skin damage. Proteomic methods, which involve the large-scale analysis of proteins, can be employed to investigate the changes in protein expression associated with biological processes including autophagy. Here, we thus describe a method where LC-MS/MS was applied to identify the deregulated proteins in pollutant exposed-skin. Using bioinformatics and statistical analysis, we extracted the qualitative and quantitative information for proteins involved in autophagy. These deregulated proteins were then validated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). These methods help to understand how the pollutants affect the autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, The American University of Iraq - Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, U5525, Grenoble INP, TIMC, EPSP, Grenoble, France
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, PROMETHEE Platform, Grenoble, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Inserm, IRIG-BGE UA13, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Seve
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, U5525, Grenoble INP, TIMC, EPSP, Grenoble, France.
- CHU Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, PROMETHEE Platform, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Kumar V, Sabaté-Cadenas X, Soni I, Stern E, Vias C, Ginsberg D, Romá-Mateo C, Pulido R, Dodel M, Mardakheh FK, Shkumatava A, Shaulian E. The lincRNA JUNI regulates the stress-dependent induction of c-Jun, cellular migration and survival through the modulation of the DUSP14-JNK axis. Oncogene 2024; 43:1608-1619. [PMID: 38565943 PMCID: PMC11108773 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03021-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cells employ adaptive mechanisms to survive various stressors, including genotoxic drugs. Understanding the factors promoting survival is crucial for developing effective treatments. In this study, we unveil a previously unexplored long non-coding RNA, JUNI (JUN-DT, LINC01135), which is upregulated by genotoxic drugs through the activation of stress-activated MAPKs, JNK, and p38 and consequently exerts positive control over the expression of its adjacent gene product c-Jun, a well-known oncoprotein, which transduces signals to multiple transcriptional outputs. JUNI regulates cellular migration and has a crucial role in conferring cellular resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs or UV radiation. Depletion of JUNI markedly increases the sensitivity of cultured cells and spheroids to chemotherapeutic agents. We identified 57 proteins interacting with JUNI. The activity of one of them the MAPK phosphatase and inhibitor, DUSP14, is counteracted by JUNI, thereby, facilitating efficient JNK phosphorylation and c-Jun induction when cells are exposed to UV radiation. The antagonistic interplay with DUSP14 contributes not only to c-Jun induction but also augments the survival of UV-exposed cells. In summary, we introduce JUNI as a novel stress-inducible regulator of c-Jun, positioning it as a potential target for enhancing the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Xavier Sabaté-Cadenas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, 75005, France
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isha Soni
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Esther Stern
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel
- Gene Therapy Institute, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Carine Vias
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Doron Ginsberg
- The Mina and Everard Goodman, Faculty of Life Science, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Carlos Romá-Mateo
- Department of Physiology, Facultat de Medicina i Odontologia, Universitat de València & Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Pulido
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, 48903 Spain; & Ikerbasque, The Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martin Dodel
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Faraz K Mardakheh
- Centre for Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alena Shkumatava
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR3215, INSERM U934, Paris, 75005, France
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Eitan Shaulian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 9112102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Gao W, Yuan L, Zhang Y, Huang F, Ai C, Lv T, Chen J, Wang H, Ling Y, Wang YS. miR-1246-overexpressing exosomes improve UVB-induced photoaging by activating autophagy via suppressing GSK3β. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:957-972. [PMID: 38613601 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00567-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell paracrine has shown potential application in skin wound repair and photoaging treatment. Our previous study demonstrated that miR-1246-overexpressing Exosomes (OE-EXs) isolated from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) showed superior photo-protecting effects on UVB-induced photoaging than that of the vector, however, the underlying mechanism was unclear. The simultaneous bioinformatics analysis indicated that miR-1246 showed potential binding sites with GSK3β which acted as a negative regulator for autophagy. This study was aimed to explore whether OE-EXs ameliorate skin photoaging by activating autophagy via targeting GSK3β. The results demonstrated that OE-EXs significantly decreased GSK3β expression, enhanced autophagy flux and autophagy-related proteins like LC3II, while suppressed p62 expression. Meanwhile, OE-EXs markedly reversed the levels of intracellular ROS, MMP-1, procollagen type I and DNA damage in human skin fibroblasts caused by UVB irradiation, but the ameliorating effects were significantly inhibited when 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) was introduced to block the autophagy pathway. Further, OE-EXs could reverse UVB-induced wrinkles, epidermal hyperplasia, and collagen fibers reduction in Kunming mice, nevertheless, the therapeutical effects of OE-EXs were attenuated when it was combinative treated with 3-MA. In conclusion, OE-EXs could cure UVB induced skin photoaging by activating autophagy via targeting GSK3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Limin Yuan
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Fangzhou Huang
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Chen Ai
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Tianci Lv
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Jiale Chen
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yixin Ling
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Yu-Shuai Wang
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceutical, Department of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical University, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, 233030, China.
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4
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Guo Y, Kong Y, Sun J, Jiao Y, Hong Y, Wang Y. Alleviation of ultraviolet-B radiation-induced photoaging using Saussurea medusa Maxim polysaccharide. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:622-632. [PMID: 37732548 DOI: 10.1111/php.13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Saussurea medusa polysaccharide, the polysaccharide extract of Saussurea medusa Maxim, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, is used to combat intense ultraviolet radiation, cold, and hypoxia in patients, as well as during drought. This polysaccharide has rich medicinal and ecological values. We aimed to determine whether saussurea medusa polysaccharides can reduce ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced skin photoaging. Seventy-five male Kunming mice were divided into five groups: control, UVB-only, UVB plus vitamin E (VE group), UVB plus saussurea medusa (2 g/kg), and UVB plus saussurea medusa (6 g/kg). The control group was irradiated with normal light, while the other four groups were subcutaneously administered 10 mL/kg/day D-galactose and irradiated with narrow-spectrum UVB for 40 min daily. From day 11, the VE group was administered 0.25 g/kg/day vitamin E, while the saussurea medusa intervention groups were administered 2 and 6 g/kg/day saussurea medusa polysaccharide. After 30 days of continuous administration, treatment with saussurea medusa polysaccharides was found to reduce UVB-induced skin photoaging in mice by elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and hydroxyproline (HYP), while reducing the level of MDA, and inhibiting the EGFR/MEK/ERK/c-Fos pathway. Overall, our findings suggest that treatment with saussurea medusa polysaccharides positively influences skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Guo
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yue Kong
- Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medicine and Public Hygiene, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Neurology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, China
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5
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Anderson G, Borooah S, Megaw R, Bagnaninchi P, Weller R, McLeod A, Dhillon B. UVR and RPE - The Good, the Bad and the degenerate Macula. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 100:101233. [PMID: 38135244 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) has a well-established causative influence within the aetiology of conditions of the skin and the anterior segment of the eye. However, a grounded assessment of the role of UVR within conditions of the retina has been hampered by a historical lack of quantitative, and spectrally resolved, assessment of how UVR impacts upon the retina in terms congruent with contemporary theories of ageing. In this review, we sought to summarise the key findings of research investigating the connection between UVR exposure in retinal cytopathology while identifying necessary avenues for future research which can deliver a deeper understanding of UVR's place within the retinal risk landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Anderson
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Shyamanga Borooah
- Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Shiley Eye Institute, UC San Diego, CA, 92093-0946, USA
| | - Roly Megaw
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, EH4 2XU, UK; Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK
| | - Pierre Bagnaninchi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4UU, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Richard Weller
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Andrew McLeod
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King's Buildings, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, National Health Service Scotland, Edinburgh, EH3 9HA, UK; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, EH16 4SB, UK; Robert O Curle Eyelab, Instute for Regeneration and Repair, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, UK.
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6
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Ortega MA, Fraile-Martinez O, de Leon-Oliva D, Boaru DL, Lopez-Gonzalez L, García-Montero C, Alvarez-Mon MA, Guijarro LG, Torres-Carranza D, Saez MA, Diaz-Pedrero R, Albillos A, Alvarez-Mon M. Autophagy in Its (Proper) Context: Molecular Basis, Biological Relevance, Pharmacological Modulation, and Lifestyle Medicine. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2532-2554. [PMID: 38725847 PMCID: PMC11077378 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.95122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and responding to various stress conditions by the degradation of intracellular components. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of autophagy's cellular and molecular basis, biological significance, pharmacological modulation, and its relevance in lifestyle medicine. We delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms that govern autophagy, including macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Moreover, we highlight the biological significance of autophagy in aging, immunity, metabolism, apoptosis, tissue differentiation and systemic diseases, such as neurodegenerative or cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss the latest advancements in pharmacological modulation of autophagy and their potential implications in clinical settings. Finally, we explore the intimate connection between lifestyle factors and autophagy, emphasizing how nutrition, exercise, sleep patterns and environmental factors can significantly impact the autophagic process. The integration of lifestyle medicine into autophagy research opens new avenues for promoting health and longevity through personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego de Leon-Oliva
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Liviu Boaru
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lopez-Gonzalez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Angel Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis G Guijarro
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of System Biology (CIBEREHD), University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Diego Torres-Carranza
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH Madrid, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz-Pedrero
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Príncipe de Asturias Universitary Hospital, 28805 Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Agustin Albillos
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Alvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28801 Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology, Oncology Service an Internal Medicine (CIBEREHD), Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital, 28806 Alcala de Henares, Spain
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Shi Z, Wang J, Li M, Gu L, Xu Z, Zhai X, Zhou S, Zhao J, Gu L, Chen L, Ju L, Zhou B, Hua H. Protective autophagy enhances antistress ability through AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway in human immortalized keratinocytes. Cell Biol Int 2024. [PMID: 38436129 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Keratinocytes, located in the outermost layer of human skin, are pivotal cells to resist environmental damage. Cellular autophagy plays a critical role in eliminating damaged organelles and maintaining skin cell homeostasis. Low-dose 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has been demonstrated to enhance skin's antistress ability; however, the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy in keratinocytes remain unclear. In this study, we treated immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) with low-dose ALA-PDT (0.5 mmol/L, 3 J/cm2 ). Through RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified that low-dose ALA-PDT modulated autophagy-related pathways in keratinocytes and pinpointed Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) as a key gene involved. Western blot results revealed that low-dose ALA-PDT treatment upregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Notably, low-dose ALA-PDT regulated autophagy by inducing an appropriate level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), transiently reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreasing adenosine triphosphate production; all these processes functioned on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/ULK1 pathway to activate autophagy. Finally, we simulated external environmental damage using ultraviolet B (UVB) at a dose of 60 mJ/cm2 and observed that low-dose ALA-PDT mitigated UVB-induced cell apoptosis; however, this protective effect was reversed when using the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Overall, these findings highlight how low-dose ALA-PDT enhances antistress ability in HaCaT cells through controlling ROS generation and activating the AMPK/ULK1 pathway to arouse cellular autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhinan Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Li Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shu Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingting Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liqun Gu
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Linling Ju
- Nantong Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Bingrong Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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8
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Tang X, Yang T, Yu D, Xiong H, Zhang S. Current insights and future perspectives of ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposure: Friends and foes to the skin and beyond the skin. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 185:108535. [PMID: 38428192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is ubiquitous in the environment, which has been classified as an established human carcinogen. As the largest and outermost organ of the body, direct exposure of skin to sunlight or UV radiation can result in sunburn, inflammation, photo-immunosuppression, photoaging and even skin cancers. To date, there are tactics to protect the skin by preventing UV radiation and reducing the amount of UV radiation to the skin. Nevertheless, deciphering the essential regulatory mechanisms may pave the way for therapeutic interventions against UV-induced skin disorders. Additionally, UV light is considered beneficial for specific skin-related conditions in medical UV therapy. Recent evidence indicates that the biological effects of UV exposure extend beyond the skin and include the treatment of inflammatory diseases, solid tumors and certain abnormal behaviors. This review mainly focuses on the effects of UV on the skin. Moreover, novel findings of the biological effects of UV in other organs and systems are also summarized. Nevertheless, the mechanisms through which UV affects the human organism remain to be fully elucidated to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of its biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyou Tang
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China; Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tingyi Yang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China
| | - Hai Xiong
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Medical College of Tibet University, Lasa 850000, China; Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu 610051, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang 621099, China.
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9
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Zhong X, Deng Y, Yang H, Du X, Liu P, Du Y. Role of autophagy in skin photoaging: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37178. [PMID: 38394552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As the largest organ of the human body, the skin serves as the primary barrier against external damage. The continuous increase in human activities and environmental pollution has resulted in the ongoing depletion of the ozone layer. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation enhances the impact of external factors on the skin, leading to photoaging. Photoaging causes physical and psychological damage to the human body. The prevention and management of photoaging have attracted increased attention in recent years. Despite significant progress in understanding and mitigating UV-induced photoaging, the precise mechanisms through which autophagy contributes to the prevention of photoaging remain unclear. Given the important role of autophagy in repairing UV-induced DNA damage and scavenging oxidized lipids, autophagy is considered a novel strategy for preventing the occurrence of photoaging and other UV light-induced skin diseases. This review aims to elucidate the biochemical and clinical features of photoaging, the relationship of skin photoaging and chronological aging, the mechanisms underlying skin photoaging and autophagy, and the role of autophagy in skin photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Zhong
- Medical Cosmetic Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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10
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Calvo MJ, Navarro C, Durán P, Galan-Freyle NJ, Parra Hernández LA, Pacheco-Londoño LC, Castelanich D, Bermúdez V, Chacin M. Antioxidants in Photoaging: From Molecular Insights to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2403. [PMID: 38397077 PMCID: PMC10889126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoaging (PA) is considered a silent disease affecting millions of people globally and is defined as skin damage due to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun. Physiologically, the skin is in a state of renewal and synthesis of components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, exposure to UVR affects the production of the ECM, and the functioning and response of skin cells to UVR begins to change, thus expressing clinical and phenotypic characteristics of PA. The primary mechanisms involved in PA are direct damage to the DNA of skin cells, increases in oxidative stress, the activation of cell signaling pathways responsible for the loss of skin integrity, and cytotoxicity. The medical and scientific community has been researching new therapeutic tools that counteract PA, considering that the damage caused by UVR exceeds the antioxidant defense mechanisms of the skin. Thus, in recent years, certain nutraceuticals and phytochemicals have been found to exhibit potential antioxidant and photoprotective effects. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to elucidate the molecular bases of PA and the latest pharmaceutical industry findings on antioxidant treatment against the progression of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Calvo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (C.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Carolina Navarro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (C.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Pablo Durán
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4001, Venezuela (C.N.); (P.D.)
| | - Nataly J. Galan-Freyle
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Luis Alberto Parra Hernández
- International Society for Non-Surgical Facial Rejuvenation (SIRF), Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (L.A.P.H.); (D.C.)
| | - Leonardo C Pacheco-Londoño
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
| | - Desiree Castelanich
- International Society for Non-Surgical Facial Rejuvenation (SIRF), Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (L.A.P.H.); (D.C.)
- Argentine Society of Dermatology, Buenos Aires B1228, Argentina
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia
| | - Maricarmen Chacin
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Vida (CICV), Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia; (N.J.G.-F.); (L.C.P.-L.); (V.B.)
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080003, Colombia
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11
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Hajialiasgary Najafabadi A, Soheilifar MH, Masoudi-Khoram N. Exosomes in skin photoaging: biological functions and therapeutic opportunity. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:32. [PMID: 38217034 PMCID: PMC10785444 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are tiny extracellular vesicles secreted by most cell types, which are filled with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids (non-coding RNAs, mRNA, DNA), can be released by donor cells to subsequently modulate the function of recipient cells. Skin photoaging is the premature aging of the skin structures over time due to repeated exposure to ultraviolet (UV) which is evidenced by dyspigmentation, telangiectasias, roughness, rhytides, elastosis, and precancerous changes. Exosomes are associated with aging-related processes including, oxidative stress, inflammation, and senescence. Anti-aging features of exosomes have been implicated in various in vitro and pre-clinical studies. Stem cell-derived exosomes can restore skin physiological function and regenerate or rejuvenate damaged skin tissue through various mechanisms such as decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), increased collagen and elastin production, and modulation of intracellular signaling pathways as well as, intercellular communication. All these evidences are promising for the therapeutic potential of exosomes in skin photoaging. This review aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms and the effects of exosomes in photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Hajialiasgary Najafabadi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Research Group Translational Epigenetics, University of Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Nastaran Masoudi-Khoram
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Wei M, He X, Liu N, Deng H. Role of reactive oxygen species in ultraviolet-induced photodamage of the skin. Cell Div 2024; 19:1. [PMID: 38217019 PMCID: PMC10787507 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00107-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxides (O2 •-) and hydroxyl groups (OH·), are short-lived molecules containing unpaired electrons. Intracellular ROS are believed to be mainly produced by the mitochondria and NADPH oxidase (NOX) and can be associated with various physiological processes, such as proliferation, cell signaling, and oxygen homeostasis. In recent years, many studies have indicated that ROS play crucial roles in regulating ultraviolet (UV)-induced photodamage of the skin, including exogenous aging, which accounts for 80% of aging. However, to the best of our knowledge, the detailed signaling pathways, especially those related to the mechanisms underlying apoptosis in which ROS are involved have not been reviewed previously. In this review, we elaborate on the biological characteristics of ROS and its role in regulating UV-induced photodamage of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wei
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Li H, Zhu L, Weng Z, Fu H, Liu J, Mao Q, Li W, Ding B, Cao Y. Sesamin attenuates UVA-induced keratinocyte injury via inhibiting ASK-1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathways. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:316-325. [PMID: 37545137 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) exposure-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in keratinocytes is a crucial factor in skin aging. Phytochemicals have become widely popular for protecting the skin from UV-induced cell injury. Sesamin (SSM) has been shown to play a role in extensive pharmacological activity and exhibit photoprotective effects. AIM To assess the protective effect of SSM on UVA-irradiated keratinocytes and determine its potential antiphotoaging effect. METHODS HaCaT keratinocytes pretreated with SSM were exposed to UVA radiation at 8 J/cm2 for 10 min. Cell viability and oxidative stress indicators were evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) assay kits. Apoptosis and intracellular ROS levels were analyzed using annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propyridine iodide and dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining, respectively. Protein levels of matrix metalloprotein-1 (MMP-1), MMP-9, Bax/Bcl-2, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway proteins, phospho-apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (p-ASK-1)/ASK-1, phospho-c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (p-JNK)/JNK, and p-p38/p38 were determined using western blotting. RESULTS Sesamin showed no cytotoxicity until 160 μmol/L on human keratinocytes. Sesamin pretreatment (20 and 40 μM) reversed the suppressed cell viability, increased LDH release and MDA content, decreased cellular antioxidants GSH and SOD, and elevated intracellular ROS levels, which were induced by UVA irradiation. Additionally, SSM inhibited the expression of Bax, MMP-1, and MMP-9 and stimulated Bcl-2 expression. In terms of the regulatory mechanisms, we demonstrated that SSM inhibits the phosphorylation of ASK-1, JNK, and p38. CONCLUSION The results suggest that SSM attenuates UVA-induced keratinocyte injury by inhibiting the ASK-1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Li
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijian Zhu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Weng
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hangjie Fu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Mao
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenxia Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Ding
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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14
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Wu AYT, Sekar P, Huang DY, Hsu SH, Chan CM, Lin WW. Spatiotemporal roles of AMPK in PARP-1- and autophagy-dependent retinal pigment epithelial cell death caused by UVA. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:91. [PMID: 37936170 PMCID: PMC10629085 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although stimulating autophagy caused by UV has been widely demonstrated in skin cells to exert cell protection, it remains unknown the cellular events in UVA-treated retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. METHODS Human ARPE-19 cells were used to measure cell viability, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial mass and lysosomal mass by flow cytometry. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was recorded using Seahorse XF flux analyzer. Confocal microscopic images were performed to indicate the mitochondrial dynamics, LC3 level, and AMPK translocation after UVA irradiation. RESULTS We confirmed mitochondrial ROS production and DNA damage are two major features caused by UVA. We found the cell death is prevented by autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine and gene silencing of ATG5, and UVA induces ROS-dependent LC3II expression, LC3 punctate and TFEB expression, suggesting the autophagic death in the UVA-stressed RPE cells. Although PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib increases DNA damage, ROS production, and cell death, it also blocks AMPK activation caused by UVA. Interestingly we found a dramatic nuclear export of AMPK upon UVA irradiation which is blocked by N-acetylcysteine and olaparib. In addition, UVA exposure gradually decreases lysosomal mass and inhibits cathepsin B activity at late phase due to lysosomal dysfunction. Nevertheless, cathepsin B inhibitor, CA-074Me, reverses the death extent, suggesting the contribution of cathepsin B in the death pathway. When examining the role of EGFR in cellular events caused by UVA, we found that UVA can rapidly transactivate EGFR, and treatment with EGFR TKIs (gefitinib and afatinib) enhances the cell death accompanied by the increased LC3II formation, ROS production, loss of MMP and mass of mitochondria and lysosomes. Although AMPK activation by ROS-PARP-1 mediates autophagic cell death, we surprisingly found that pretreatment of cells with AMPK activators (A769662 and metformin) reverses cell death. Concomitantly, both agents block UVA-induced mitochondrial ROS production, autophagic flux, and mitochondrial fission without changing the inhibition of cathepsin B. CONCLUSION UVA exposure rapidly induces ROS-PARP-1-AMPK-autophagic flux and late lysosomal dysfunction. Pre-inducing AMPK activation can prevent cellular events caused by UVA and provide a new protective strategy in photo-oxidative stress and photo-retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Yan-Tang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ponarulselvam Sekar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hao Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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15
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Shang L, Xie Q, Yang C, Kong L, Zhang Z. Extracellular Vesicles Facilitate the Transportation of Nanoparticles within and between Cells for Enhanced Tumor Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42378-42394. [PMID: 37658814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between nanoparticles and cells is closely associated with the therapeutic effects of nanomedicine. Nanoparticles could be transported among cells, but the process-related mechanism remains to be further explored. In this study, it was found that endocytosed cationic polymer nanoparticles (cNPs) could be excreted in an extracellular vesicle (EV)-coated form (cNP@EVs). It was deduced that cNPs may pass through early endosomes, multivesicular bodies (MVBs), and autophagic MVBs within cells. Moreover, a high level of autophagy facilitated the exocytosis process. Since EVs were the effective vehicles for conveying biological information and substances, cNP@EVs were proved to be efficient forms for the intercellular transportation of nanoparticles and have the potential as efficient biomimetic drug delivery systems. These properties endowed cNP@EVs with deep penetration and enhanced antitumor activity. Our findings provided a proof-of-concept for understanding the transfer process of nanoparticles among cells and may help us to further utilize EV-mediated transportation of nanoparticles, therefore, expanding its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihuan Shang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Conglian Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Li Kong
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhiping Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Engineering Research Centre for Novel Drug Delivery System, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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16
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Lee HR, Yang JH, Lee JH, Kim KM, Cho SS, Baek JS, Kim JM, Choi MH, Shin HJ, Ki SH. Protective Effect of Castanopsis sieboldii Extract against UVB-Induced Photodamage in Keratinocytes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062842. [PMID: 36985813 PMCID: PMC10054760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) rays disrupt the skin by causing photodamage via processes such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, DNA damage, and/or collagen degradation. Castanopsis sieboldii is an evergreen tree native to the southern Korean peninsula. Although it is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, its protective effect against photodamage in keratinocytes has not been investigated. Thus, in the present study, we investigated the effect of 70% ethanol extract of C. sieboldii leaf (CSL3) on UVB-mediated skin injuries and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. CSL3 treatment restored the cell viability decreased by UVB irradiation. Moreover, CSL3 significantly inhibited UVB- or tert-butyl hydroperoxide-mediated ROS generation in HaCaT cells. ER stress was inhibited, whereas autophagy was upregulated by CSL3 treatment against UVB irradiation. Additionally, CSL3 increased collagen accumulation and cell migration, which were decreased by UVB exposure. Notably, epigallocatechin gallate, the major component of CSL3, improved the cell viability decreased by UVB irradiation through regulation of ER stress and autophagy. Conclusively, CSL3 may represent a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of UVB-induced skin damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sol Baek
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hee Choi
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Shin
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
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17
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Fayyad-Kazan M, Kobaisi F, Nasrallah A, Matarrese P, Fitoussi R, Bourgoin-Voillard S, Seve M, Rachidi W. Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation and Benzo[a]pyrene Co-Exposure on Skin Biology: Autophagy as a Potential Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065863. [PMID: 36982934 PMCID: PMC10056937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the outermost protective barrier of the human body. Its role is to protect against different physical, chemical, biological and environmental stressors. The vast majority of studies have focused on investigating the effects of single environmental stressors on skin homeostasis and the induction of several skin disorders, such as cancer or ageing. On the other hand, much fewer studies have explored the consequences of the co-exposure of skin cells to two or more stressors simultaneously, which is much more realistic. In the present study, we investigated, using mass-spectrometry-based proteomic analysis, the dysregulated biological functions in skin explants after their co-exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UV) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). We observed that several biological processes were dysregulated, among which autophagy appeared to be significantly downregulated. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry analysis was carried out to validate the downregulation of the autophagy process further. Altogether, the output of this study provides an insight into the biological responses of skin to combined exposure to UV + BaP and highlights autophagy as a potential target that might be considered in the future as a novel candidate for pharmacological intervention under such stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Fayyad-Kazan
- Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, The American University of Iraq-Baghdad (AUIB), Baghdad 10001, Iraq
| | - Farah Kobaisi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG-BGE UA13, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Ali Nasrallah
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG-BGE UA13, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Richard Fitoussi
- Laboratoires Clarins, Centre de Recherche, 95000 Pontoise, France
| | | | - Michel Seve
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, UMR 5525, VetAgro Sup, Grenoble INP, TIMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Walid Rachidi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, INSERM, IRIG-BGE UA13, 38000 Grenoble, France
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18
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Duan Y, Xiang Y, Chu J, Lin X, He M, Zhang C, Sun S, Huang L. Handelin Reduces Ultraviolet A-Induced Photoaging by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Enhancing Autophagy. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2023; 259:189-198. [PMID: 36476587 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2022.j108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photoaging is mainly caused by the exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Among them, damage to human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells caused by ultraviolet A (UVA) is the main cause of skin aging. Researchers have dedicated to identifying natural compounds from plants to fight against UV radiation-induced photoaging. We previously found that extracts from wild chrysanthemum could prevent acute damage and photoaging induced by UV irradiation. As one of the most abundant ingredients in wild chrysanthemum extract, handelin was hypothesized to have the potential to prevent UVA-induced photoaging of skin fibroblast. In the present study, we report the great potential of handelin in combating UVA-induced photoaging of fibroblasts. We firstly demonstrated that handelin was safe for skin fibroblast as high as a concentration of 0.0125 μM, showing no toxicity on the cells and improved cell viability. Furthermore, handelin can reduce UVA-induced cellular senescence, indicated by a reduced proportion of senescence-associated beta-galactose positive cells and the expression of P21. We then verified that handelin pretreatment markedly attenuated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after UVA irradiation. Meanwhile, we found that handelin enhances autophagy after UVA irradiation, and autophagy is involved in the quality control of intracellular proteins after UV-induced damage (partially indirectly via ROS). Therefore, these results suggest that handelin has a very high potential as an effective ingredient against UVA-induced skin aging. Moreover, this provides an important basis for further research on the photoprotective mechanism of handelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Duan
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University
| | - Yang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Human Aging in Jiangxi Province, Human Aging Research Institute, Nanchang University
| | - Jimin Chu
- Clinical Medical College, Dali University
| | | | - Miao He
- College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University
| | | | - Sujiao Sun
- Medical Cosmetology Teaching and Research Section, Dali University School of Clinical Medicine
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University
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19
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Bahamondes Lorca VA, Wu S. Ultraviolet Light, Unfolded Protein Response and Autophagy †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:498-508. [PMID: 36591940 DOI: 10.1111/php.13777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in the regulation of protein synthesis. Alterations in the folding capacity of the ER induce stress, which activates three ER sensors that mediate the unfolded protein response (UPR). Components of the pathways regulated by these sensors have been shown to regulate autophagy. The last corresponds to a mechanism of self-eating and recycling important for proper cell maintenance. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) is an external damaging stimulus that is known for inducing oxidative stress, and DNA, lipid and protein damage. Many controversies exist regarding the role of UV-inducing ER stress or autophagy. However, a connection between the three of them has not been addressed. In this review, we will discuss the contradictory theories regarding the relationships between UV radiation with the induction of ER stress and autophagy, as well as hypothetic connections between UV, ER stress and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A Bahamondes Lorca
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH.,Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH
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20
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Lin J, Lu YY, Shi HY, Lin P. Chaga Medicinal Mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Agaricomycetes), Polysaccharides Alleviate Photoaging by Regulating Nrf2 Pathway and Autophagy. Int J Med Mushrooms 2023; 25:49-64. [PMID: 37830196 DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2023049657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus is a medicinal mushroom that contains the valuable I. obliquus polysaccharides (IOP), which is known for its bioactive properties. Studies have shown that IOP could inhibit oxidative stress induced premature aging and DNA damage, and delay body aging. However, the molecular mechanism of IOP in improving skin photoaging remains unclear, which prevents the development and utilization of I. obliquus in the field of skin care. In this study, ultraviolet B (UVB) induced human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell photoaging model was used to explore the mechanism of IOP in relieving skin photoaging. Results showed that IOP inhibited cell senescence and apoptosis by reducing the protein expressions of p16, p21, and p53. IOP increased HO-1, SOD, and CAT expressions to achieve Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thus improving antioxidant effects and preventing ROS generation. Furthermore, IOP enhanced the expression levels of p-AMPK, LC3B, and Beclin-1 to alleviate the autophagy inhibition in UVB-induced HaCaT cells. Based on these findings, our data suggested that IOP may be used to develop effective natural anti-photoaging ingredients to promote skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Ying Lu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yu Shi
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P.R. China
| | - Pei Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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21
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Ma J, Teng Y, Huang Y, Tao X, Fan Y. Autophagy plays an essential role in ultraviolet radiation-driven skin photoaging. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:864331. [PMID: 36278173 PMCID: PMC9582953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.864331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoaging is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response to UV light. One of the most prominent features of cutaneous photoaging is wrinkling, which is due primarily to a loss of collagen fibers and deposits of abnormal degenerative elastotic material within the dermis (actinic elastosis). These changes are thought to be mediated by inflammation, with subsequent upregulation of extracellular matrix-degrading proteases and down-regulation of collagen synthesis. Autophagy is a vital homeostatic cellular process of either clearing surplus or damaged cell components notably lipids and proteins or recycling the content of the cells’ cytoplasm to promote cell survival and adaptive responses during starvation and other oxidative and/or genotoxic stress conditions. Autophagy may also become a means of supplying nutrients to maintain a high cellular proliferation rate when needed. It has been suggested that loss of autophagy leads to both photodamage and the initiation of photoaging in UV exposed skin. Moreover, UV radiation of sunlight is capable of regulating a number of autophagy-linked genes. This review will focus on the protective effect of autophagy in the skin cells damaged by UV radiation. We hope to draw attention to the significance of autophagy regulation in the prevention and treatment of skin photoaging.
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22
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Modulation of autophagy, apoptosis and oxidative stress: a clue for repurposing metformin in photoaging. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2521-2535. [PMID: 35913649 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Long-term sun exposure is the commonest cause of photoaging, where mutual interplay between autophagy, oxidative stress, and apoptosis is incriminated. In combating photoaging, pharmacological approaches targeted to modulate autophagy are currently gaining more ground. This study aimed to examine repurposing metformin use in such context with or without the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (coQ10) in ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation-induced skin damage. The study was conducted on 70 female CD1 mice that were randomly assigned into seven groups (10/group): normal control, vehicle-treated-UVA-exposed mice, three metformin UVA-exposed groups (Topical 1 and 10%, and oral 300 mg/kg), topical coQ10 (1%)-treated mice, and combined oral metformin with topical coQ10-treated UVA-exposed mice. After UVA-exposure for 10 weeks (3 times/week), macroscopic signs of photoaging were evaluated. Mice were then euthanized, and the skin was harvested for biochemical estimation of markers for oxidative stress, inflammation, matrix breakdown, and lysosomal function. Histopathological signs of photoaging were also evaluated with immunohistochemical detection of associated changes in autophagic and apoptotic markers. Metformin, mainly by topical application, improved clinical and histologic signs of photoaging. This was associated with suppression of the elevated oxidative stress, IL-6, matrix metalloproteinase 1, and caspase, with induction of cathepsin D and subsequent change in anti-LC3 and P62 staining in skin tissue. In addition to metformin antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic activities, its anti-photoaging effect is mainly attributed to enhancing autophagic flux by inducing cathepsin D. Its protective effect is boosted by coQ10, which supports their potential use in photoaging.
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Liu W, Yan F, Xu Z, Chen Q, Ren J, Wang Q, Chen L, Ying J, Liu Z, Zhao J, Qiu J, Zhang C, Jiang M, Xiang L. Urolithin A protects human dermal fibroblasts from UVA-induced photoaging through NRF2 activation and mitophagy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 232:112462. [PMID: 35567884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Photoaging, caused by exposure to sunlight and especially UVA, has been identified as one of the culprits for age-related skin deterioration. Here, we initially demonstrated that urolithin A (UroA), a metabolite derived from intestine microflora, possessed sufficient photoprotective capacity and attenuated UVA-induced senescent phenotypes in human fibroblasts, such as growth inhibition, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, breakdown of extracellular matrix, synthesis of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, UroA lessened the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which promoted the phosphorylation and afterwards nuclear translocation of NRF2, subsequently driving the activation of downstream antioxidative enzymes. In parallel, we proved that UroA restored mitochondrial function by induction of mitophagy, which was regulated by the SIRT3-FOXO3-PINK1-PARKIN network. Taken together, our results showed that UroA protected dermal fibroblast from UVA damage through NRF2/ARE activation and mitophagy process, thus supporting UroA as a potential therapeutic agent for photoaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhongyi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qinyi Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiayi Ying
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Juemin Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ju Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfeng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Leihong Xiang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
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Wyżewski Z, Mielcarska MB, Gregorczyk-Zboroch KP, Myszka A. Virus-Mediated Inhibition of Apoptosis in the Context of EBV-Associated Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137265. [PMID: 35806271 PMCID: PMC9266970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the representative of the Herpesviridae family, is a pathogen extensively distributed in the human population. One of its most characteristic features is the capability to establish latent infection in the host. The infected cells serve as a sanctuary for the dormant virus, and therefore their desensitization to apoptotic stimuli is part of the viral strategy for long-term survival. For this reason, EBV encodes a set of anti-apoptotic products. They may increase the viability of infected cells and enhance their resistance to chemotherapy, thereby contributing to the development of EBV-associated diseases, including Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), gastric cancer (GC), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and several other malignancies. In this paper, we have described the molecular mechanism of anti-apoptotic actions of a set of EBV proteins. Moreover, we have reviewed the pro-survival role of non-coding viral transcripts: EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), in EBV-carrying malignant cells. The influence of EBV on the expression, activity and/or intracellular distribution of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein family members, has been presented. Finally, we have also discussed therapeutic perspectives of targeting viral anti-apoptotic products or their molecular partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Wyżewski
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-728-208-338
| | - Matylda Barbara Mielcarska
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland; (M.B.M.); (K.P.G.-Z.)
| | | | - Anna Myszka
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Dewajtis 5, 01-815 Warsaw, Poland;
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Wang ZY, Li A, Huang X, Bai GL, Jiang YX, Li RL, Liu C, Wen ZY, Wang P, Chen AJ. HSP27 Protects Skin From Ultraviolet B -Induced Photodamage by Regulating Autophagy and Reactive Oxygen Species Production. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:852244. [PMID: 35445017 PMCID: PMC9014213 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.852244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been well documented to be linked with almost all skin problems we know, and both dermis and epidermis may be affected to varying degrees by UV irradiation. Every time when exposed to sunlight without protection, our skin will step closer to photoaging, leading to irreversible consequences ultimately. Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is a vital protein involved in cell growth, autophagy, apoptosis, drug resistance, tumor genesis and metastasis. Evidence suggests that the organism is subjected to various internal and external environmental stresses (heat, oxidative stress, organic toxicants, etc.), and HSP27 with high expression has protective function. However, the expression of HSP27 in coping with UV irradiation have not been examined thoroughly. In this study, photodamage models were developed through different doses of UVB irradiation in human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) (30 mJ/cm2), human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) (150 mJ/cm2) and mouse skin (2,700 mJ/cm2). HSP27 knockdown decreased cell viability and increased the incidence of UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. We got consistent results in vivo and vitro. Compared with that in the UVB group, the expression of LC3B was significantly lower, while the expression of p62 was significantly higher in the UVB + si-HSP27 group. It was also revealed that HSP27 knockdown reduced the expressions of some antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), which accelerated UVB-induced ROS release. Moreover, histological results showed that epidermis was thickened and collagen fibers were disorganized in the UVB + si-HSP27 group. These findings have demonstrated that HSP27 might play a photoprotective role in the UVB-induced skin damage process by maintaining the normal autophagy and antioxidant level. It is implied that HSP27 could be a potential therapeutic target of photodamage. However, determination of the definitive mechanism requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yue Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Prescriptions Department, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gen-Long Bai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruo-Lin Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhu-Yuan Wen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ai-Jun Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Volatier T, Schumacher B, Cursiefen C, Notara M. UV Protection in the Cornea: Failure and Rescue. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020278. [PMID: 35205145 PMCID: PMC8868636 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The sun is a deadly laser, and its damaging rays harm exposed tissues such as our skin and eyes. The skin’s protection and repair mechanisms are well understood and utilized in therapeutic approaches while the eye lacks such complete understanding of its defenses and therefore often lacks therapeutic support in most cases. The aim here was to document the similarities and differences between the two tissues as well as understand where current research stands on ocular, particularly corneal, ultraviolet protection. The objective is to identify what mechanisms may be best suited for future investigation and valuable therapeutic approaches. Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation induces DNA lesions in all directly exposed tissues. In the human body, two tissues are chronically exposed to UV: the skin and the cornea. The most frequent UV-induced DNA lesions are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) that can lead to apoptosis or induce tumorigenesis. Lacking the protective pigmentation of the skin, the transparent cornea is particularly dependent on nucleotide excision repair (NER) to remove UV-induced DNA lesions. The DNA damage response also triggers intracellular autophagy mechanisms to remove damaged material in the cornea; these mechanisms are poorly understood despite their noted involvement in UV-related diseases. Therapeutic solutions involving xenogenic DNA-repair enzymes such as T4 endonuclease V or photolyases exist and are widely distributed for dermatological use. The corneal field lacks a similar set of tools to address DNA-lesions in photovulnerable patients, such as those with genetic disorders or recently transplanted tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses, Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (C.C.); (M.N.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses, Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
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Zou DD, Xu D, Deng YY, Wu WJ, Zhang J, Huang L, He L. Identification of key genes in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics profiling study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1497. [PMID: 34805359 PMCID: PMC8573448 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-3915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), which is one of the most common malignant cancers worldwide. Actinic keratosis (AK) is generally considered a precancerous lesion of cSCC. However, the pathogenesis and oncogenic processes of AK and cSCC remain elusive, especially in the context of photodamage. Methods In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on AK, cSCC, normal sun-exposed skin (NES) tissues, and normal non-sun-exposed skin (NNS) from 24 individuals. Bioinformatics analysis to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of 4 groups, and potential key genes of cSCC were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Results A total of 46,930 genes were differentially expressed in the 4 groups, including 127 genes that were differentially expressed between NES and NNS, 420 DEGs in AK compared to NES, 1,658 DEGs in cSCC compared to NES, and 1,389 DEGs in cSCC compared to AK. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the DEGs are involved in multiple pathways, including extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, immune, inflammatory, microbial infection, and other related pathways. Finally, 5 new genes (HEPHL1, FBN2, SULF1, SULF2, and TCN1) were confirmed significantly upregulated in cSCC. Conclusions Using transcriptome sequencing and integrated bioinformatical analysis, we have identified key DEGs and pathways in cSCC, which could improve our understanding of the cause and underlying molecular events of AK and cSCC. HEPHL1, FBN2, SULF1, SULF2, and TCN1 may be novel potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zou
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Deng
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wen-Juan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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28
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Umar SA, Shahid NH, Nazir LA, Tanveer MA, Divya G, Archoo S, Raghu SR, Tasduq SA. Pharmacological Activation of Autophagy Restores Cellular Homeostasis in Ultraviolet-(B)-Induced Skin Photodamage. Front Oncol 2021; 11:726066. [PMID: 34408986 PMCID: PMC8366585 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.726066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) exposure to the skin causes photo-damage and acts as the primary etiological agent in photo-carcinogenesis. UV-B exposure induces cellular damage and is the major factor challenging skin homeostasis. Autophagy allows the fundamental adaptation of cells to metabolic and oxidative stress. Cellular dysfunction has been observed in aged tissues and in toxic insults to cells undergoing stress. Conversely, promising anti-aging strategies aimed at inhibiting the mTOR pathway have been found to significantly improve the aging-related disorders. Recently, autophagy has been found to positively regulate skin homeostasis by enhancing DNA damage recognition. Here, we investigated the geno-protective roles of autophagy in UV-B-exposed primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). We found that UV-B irradiation to HDFs impairs the autophagy response in a time- and intensity-independent manner. However, improving autophagy levels in HDFs with pharmacological activators regulates the UV-B-induced cellular stress by decreasing the induction of DNA photo-adducts, promoting the DNA repair process, alleviating oxidative and ER stress responses, and regulating the expression levels of key cell cycle regulatory proteins. Autophagy also prevents HDFs from UV-B-induced nuclear damage as is evident in TUNEL assay and Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide co-staining. Salubrinal (an eIF2α phosphatase inhibitor) relieves ER stress response in cells and also significantly alleviates DNA damage and promotes the repair process in UV-B-exposed HDFs. P62-silenced HDFs show enhanced DNA damage response and also disturb the tumor suppressor PTEN/pAKT signaling axis in UV-B-exposed HDFs whereas Atg7-silenced HDFs reveal an unexpected consequence by decreasing the UV-B-induced DNA damage. Taken together, these results suggest that interventional autophagy offers significant protection against UV-B radiation-induced photo-damage and holds great promise in devising it as a suitable therapeutic strategy against skin pathological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Ahmad Umar
- Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) and Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Naikoo Hussain Shahid
- Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) and Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Lone Ahmad Nazir
- Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) and Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Malik Ahmad Tanveer
- Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) and Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Gupta Divya
- Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) and Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Sajida Archoo
- Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) and Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Sharma Rai Raghu
- Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) and Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
| | - Sheikh Abdullah Tasduq
- Biological Sciences, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) and Toxicology Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, India
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The Multifaceted Role of Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy: Leveraging Autophagy with a Double-Edged Sword. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071138. [PMID: 34356371 PMCID: PMC8301186 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are considered as pleiotropic, safe, and readily obtainable molecules. A large number of recent studies have proposed that flavonoids have potential in the treatment of tumors by the modulation of autophagy. In many cases, flavonoids suppress cancer by stimulating excessive autophagy or impairing autophagy flux especially in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. However, the anti-cancer activity of flavonoids may be attenuated due to the simultaneous induction of protective autophagy. Notably, flavonoids-triggered protective autophagy is becoming a trend for preventing cancer in the clinical setting or for protecting patients from conventional therapeutic side effects in normal tissues. In this review, focusing on the underlying autophagic mechanisms of flavonoids, we hope to provide a new perspective for clinical application of flavonoids in cancer therapy. In addition, we highlight new research ideas for the development of new dosage forms of flavonoids to improve their various pharmacological effects, establishing flavonoids as ideal candidates for cancer prevention and therapy in the clinic.
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Van Acker SI, Van den Bogerd B, Haagdorens M, Siozopoulou V, Ní Dhubhghaill S, Pintelon I, Koppen C. Pterygium-The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071567. [PMID: 34206333 PMCID: PMC8305200 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterygium is a multifaceted pathology that displays apparent conflicting characteristics: benign (e.g., self-limiting and superficial), bad (e.g., proliferative and potentially recurrent) and ugly (e.g., signs of preneoplastic transformation). The natural successive question is: why are we lacking reports showing that pterygium lesions become life-threatening through metastasis, especially since pterygium has considerable similarities with UV-related malignancies on the molecular level? In this review, we consider how our pathophysiological understanding of the benign pterygium pathology overlaps with ocular surface squamous neoplasia and skin cancer. The three UV-related disorders share the same initial insult (i.e., UV radiation) and responsive repair mechanisms to the ensuing (in)direct DNA damage. Their downstream apoptotic regulators and other cellular adaptations are remarkably alike. However, a complicating factor in understanding the fine line between the self-limiting nature of pterygium and the malignant transformation in other UV-related diseases is the prominent ambiguity in the pathological evaluation of pterygium biopsies. Features of preneoplastic transformation (i.e., dysplasia) are used to define normal cellular reactions (i.e., atypia and metaplasia) and vice versa. A uniform grading system could help in unraveling the true nature of this ancient disease and potentially help in identifying the earliest intervention point possible regarding the cellular switch that drives a cell’s fate towards cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I. Van Acker
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (B.V.d.B.); (M.H.); (S.N.D.); (C.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-3-265-2851
| | - Bert Van den Bogerd
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (B.V.d.B.); (M.H.); (S.N.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Michel Haagdorens
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (B.V.d.B.); (M.H.); (S.N.D.); (C.K.)
| | - Vasiliki Siozopoulou
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, University of Antwerp, 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (B.V.d.B.); (M.H.); (S.N.D.); (C.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;
| | - Carina Koppen
- Antwerp Research Group for Ocular Science (ARGOS), Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (B.V.d.B.); (M.H.); (S.N.D.); (C.K.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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Resveratrol Inhibits Secretion of Interleukin 8 by Regulation of Autophagic Flux in Ultraviolet B-stimulated Keratinocytes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/jd9.0000000000000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bahamondes Lorca VA, Wu S. Role of constitutive nitric oxide synthases in the dynamic regulation of the autophagy response of keratinocytes upon UVB exposure. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 19:1559-1568. [PMID: 33030168 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00280a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces autophagy responses, which play a role in the regulation of the oncogenic processes of irradiated cells. However, the mechanism of autophagy responses post-UVB irradiation remains to be fully elucidated. Previous studies indicate that UVB radiation induces the activation and uncoupling of constitutive nitric oxide synthases (cNOS), which produce nitric oxide and peroxynitrite; both have been shown to regulate autophagy responses. In this study, the UVB-induced autophagy responses were analysed in cell line- and UVB dose-dependent manners, and the role of cNOS in UVB-induced autophagy responses was also studied. Our data showed that UVB induces both autophagosome formation and degradation, and that cNOS is involved in the regulation of autophagy responses post UVB exposure. Both nitric oxide and peroxynitrite, the two products that are produced in cells immediately after UVB exposure, could upregulate autophagy in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, cNOS is involved in the UVB-induced downregulation of SQSTM1/p62, a scaffold protein used as a reporter of the autophagy response. However, the cNOS-mediated reduction of SQSTM1/p62 is autophagy-independent post UVB irradiation. Our results indicated that autophagy responses post UVB exposure are a dynamic balance of autophagosome formation and degradation, with cNOS playing a role in the regulation of the balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica A Bahamondes Lorca
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA. and Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
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Lysosome-targeted photodynamic treatment induces primary keratinocyte differentiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 218:112183. [PMID: 33831753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an attractive technique for various skin tumors and non-cancerous skin lesions. However, while the aim of photodynamic therapy is to target and damage only the malignant cells, it unavoidably affects some of the healthy cells surrounding the tumor as well. However, data on the effects of PDT to normal cells are scarce, and the characterization of the pathways activated after the photodamage of normal cells may help to improve clinical photodynamic therapy. In our study, primary human epidermal keratinocytes were used to evaluate photodynamic treatment effects of photosensitizers with different subcellular localization. We compared the response of keratinocytes to lysosomal photodamage induced by phthalocyanines, aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate (AlPcS2a) or aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4), and cellular membrane photodamage by m-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)-chlorin (mTHPC). Our data showed that mTHPC-PDT promoted autophagic flux, whereas lysosomal photodamage induced by aluminum phthalocyanines evoked differentiation and apoptosis. Photodamage by AlPcS2a, which is targeted to lysosomal membranes, induced keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis more efficiently than AlPcS4, which is targeted to lysosomal lumen. Computational analysis of the interplay between these molecular pathways revealed that keratin 10 is the coordinating molecular hub of primary keratinocyte differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Tang Z, Tong X, Huang J, Liu L, Wang D, Yang S. Research progress of keratinocyte-programmed cell death in UV-induced Skin photodamage. PHOTODERMATOLOGY PHOTOIMMUNOLOGY & PHOTOMEDICINE 2021; 37:442-448. [PMID: 33738849 DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a basic component of life and an important terminal path for cells. A variety of biological events are associated with PCD, including the conservation of tissue homeostasis and removal of harmful cells. Overexposure of the skin to UV radiation causes skin photodamage. Keratinocytes are the first line of defence against ultraviolet radiation. During UV radiation, the keratinocyte can undergo four modes of PCD: apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis and autophagy. The molecular mechanisms of these four modes of PCD have been widely studied as potential therapeutic targets for the prevention of UV-induced skin inflammation, ageing and skin cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of keratinocyte PCD in the pathogenesis of UV-induced skin photodamage. This article will provide new research directions for the design of intervention strategies for the treatment and prevention of skin photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Tang
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoliang Tong
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinhua Huang
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shengbo Yang
- Department of Dermatology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Gromkowska-Kępka KJ, Puścion-Jakubik A, Markiewicz-Żukowska R, Socha K. The impact of ultraviolet radiation on skin photoaging - review of in vitro studies. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:3427-3431. [PMID: 33655657 PMCID: PMC8597149 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Photoaging, ultra violet (UV) induced skin aging is a gradual process that depends on the time and intensity of solar radiation. Aim The aim of this paper was to review of the literature focused on in vitro studies explaining the mechanisms of photoaging. Methods Electronic databases, including PubMed and MEDLINE, were searched for in vitro studies on the importance of UV radiation in the skin photoaging process of peer‐reviewed scientific journals. Only articles available in English and full version publications were considered for this review. Results Three main modes of UV radiation action on skin cells which lead to photoaging, there are changes in cell metabolism, induction of oxidative stress due to the change in enzyme activity. Conclusion The information gathered in this publication will help to better understand the complex and multidirectional mechanism of skin photoaging, which will contribute to the development of research on potential cosmetic products that provide effective and safe sun protection or repair damage caused by UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Socha
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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Mostafa DK, Omar SI, Abdellatif AA, Sorour OA, Nayel OA, Abod Al Obaidi MR. Differential Modulation of Autophagy Contributes to the Protective Effects of Resveratrol and Co-Enzyme Q10 in Photoaged Mice. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 14:458-468. [PMID: 32744981 DOI: 10.2174/1874467213666200730114547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In photoaging, the accumulation of ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative damage leads to the characteristic hallmarks of aging. Here arises the importance of autophagy as a cellular degradation process that cleans the cells of defective or aged organelles and macromolecules, thus maintaining cellular homeostasis. In spite of this, the exact impact of autophagy in photoaging is still elusive. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effects of resveratrol and/or co-enzyme-Q10 against the UVA-induced alterations and to explore the role of autophagy in their proposed benefits. METHODS Sixty female mice were randomly divided into normal control, untreated UVA-exposed, resveratrol (50mg/kg), co-enzyme-Q10 (100mg/kg), and resveratrol/co-enzyme-Q10-treated UVA-- exposed groups. Clinical signs of photoaging were evaluated using a modified grading score and the pinch test. Skin malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione were assessed as markers of oxidative stress. Tissues were examined for histopathological signs of photodamage, and autophagic changes were determined by immunohistochemical detection of LC3 and P62 in the different cells of the skin. RESULTS UVA-exposure increased the oxidative stress with subsequent epidermal and dermal injury. This was associated with the stimulation of autophagy in the keratinocytes and inhibition of autophagic flux in the fibroblasts and infiltrating macrophages. Both drugs corrected the impaired pinch test, macro-and microscopic changes, and exhibited distinct staining patterns with anti-LC3 and P62 in the different cell types denoting autophagic modulation. CONCLUSION Changes in autophagic flux are strongly implicated in photoaging associated skin damage and the differential modulation of autophagy by resveratrol and, to a lesser extent by Co-enzyme- Q10, is partially involved in their therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia K Mostafa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa I Omar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany A Abdellatif
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Osama A Sorour
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omnia A Nayel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers from UVB exposure induce a hypermetabolic state in keratinocytes via mitochondrial oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2020; 38:101808. [PMID: 33264701 PMCID: PMC7708942 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) is an environmental complete carcinogen, which induces and promotes keratinocyte carcinomas, the most common human malignancies. UVB induces the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs). Repairing CPDs through nucleotide excision repair is slow and error-prone in placental mammals. In addition to the mutagenic and malignancy-inducing effects, UVB also elicits poorly understood complex metabolic changes in keratinocytes, possibly through CPDs. To determine the effects of CPDs, CPD-photolyase was overexpressed in keratinocytes using an N1-methyl pseudouridine-containing in vitro-transcribed mRNA. CPD-photolyase, which is normally not present in placental mammals, can efficiently and rapidly repair CPDs to block signaling pathways elicited by CPDs. Keratinocytes surviving UVB irradiation turn hypermetabolic. We show that CPD-evoked mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, followed by the activation of several energy sensor enzymes, including sirtuins, AMPK, mTORC1, mTORC2, p53, and ATM, is responsible for the compensatory metabolic adaptations in keratinocytes surviving UVB irradiation. Compensatory metabolic changes consist of enhanced glycolytic flux, Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle, and terminal oxidation. Furthermore, mitochondrial fusion, mitochondrial biogenesis, and lipophagy characterize compensatory hypermetabolism in UVB-exposed keratinocytes. These properties not only support the survival of keratinocytes, but also contribute to UVB-induced differentiation of keratinocytes. Our results indicate that CPD-dependent signaling acutely maintains skin integrity by supporting cellular energy metabolism.
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Dündar G, Teranishi M, Hidema J. Autophagy-deficient Arabidopsis mutant atg5, which shows ultraviolet-B sensitivity, cannot remove ultraviolet-B-induced fragmented mitochondria. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1717-1729. [PMID: 33237047 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria damaged by ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280-315 nm) are removed by mitophagy, a selective autophagic process. Recently, we demonstrated that autophagy-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants exhibit a UV-B-sensitive phenotype like that of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD)-specific photolyase (PHR1)-deficient mutants. To explore the relationship between UV-B sensitivity and autophagy in UV-B-damaged plants, we monitored mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in wild-type Arabidopsis (ecotype Columbia); an autophagy-deficient mutant, atg5; a PHR1-deficient mutant, phr1; an atg5 phr1 double mutant; and AtPHR1-overexpressing (AtPHR1ox) plants following high-dose UV-B exposure (1.5 W m-2 for 1 h). At 10 h after exposure, the number of mitochondria per mesophyll leaf cell was increased and the volumes of individual mitochondria were decreased independently of UV-B-induced CPD accumulation in all genotypes. At 24 h after exposure, the mitochondrial number had recovered or almost recovered to pre-exposure levels in plants with functional autophagy (WT, phr1, and AtPHR1ox), but had increased even further in atg5. This suggested that the high dose of UV-B led to the inactivation and fragmentation of mitochondria, which were removed by mitophagy activated by UV-B. The UV-B-sensitive phenotype of the atg5 phr1 double mutant was more severe than that of atg5 or phr1. In wild-type, phr1, and AtPHR1ox plants, autophagy-related genes were strongly expressed following UV-B exposure independently of UV-B-induced CPD accumulation. Therefore, mitophagy might be one of the important repair mechanisms for UV-B-induced damage. The severe UV-B-sensitive phenotype of atg5 phr1 is likely an additive effect of deficiencies in independent machineries for UV-B protection, autophagy, and CPD photorepair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Dündar
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan.
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Origin and adaptation to high altitude of Tibetan semi-wild wheat. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5085. [PMID: 33033250 PMCID: PMC7545183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18738-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan wheat is grown under environmental constraints at high-altitude conditions, but its underlying adaptation mechanism remains unknown. Here, we present a draft genome sequence of a Tibetan semi-wild wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum Shao) accession Zang1817 and re-sequence 245 wheat accessions, including world-wide wheat landraces, cultivars as well as Tibetan landraces. We demonstrate that high-altitude environments can trigger extensive reshaping of wheat genomes, and also uncover that Tibetan wheat accessions accumulate high-altitude adapted haplotypes of related genes in response to harsh environmental constraints. Moreover, we find that Tibetan semi-wild wheat is a feral form of Tibetan landrace, and identify two associated loci, including a 0.8-Mb deletion region containing Brt1/2 homologs and a genomic region with TaQ-5A gene, responsible for rachis brittleness during the de-domestication episode. Our study provides confident evidence to support the hypothesis that Tibetan semi-wild wheat is de-domesticated from local landraces, in response to high-altitude extremes. Mechanism of high altitude adaptation of wheat remains unknown. Here, the authors assemble the draft genome of a Tibetan semi-wild wheat accession and resequence 245 wheat accessions to reveal that Tibetan semi-wild wheat has been de-domesticated from local landraces to adapt to high altitude.
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40
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Umar SA, Tasduq SA. Integrating DNA damage response and autophagy signalling axis in ultraviolet-B induced skin photo-damage: a positive association in protecting cells against genotoxic stress. RSC Adv 2020; 10:36317-36336. [PMID: 35517978 PMCID: PMC9057019 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra05819j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin acts as both physical as well as an immunological barrier against hazardous agents from the outside environment and protects the internal organs against damage. Skin ageing is a dynamic process caused by the influence of various external factors, including damage from ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation, which is known as photo-ageing, and due to internal chronological mechanisms. A normal ageing process requires several orchestrated defense mechanisms to diverse types of stress responses, the concomitant renewal of cellular characteristics, and the homeostasis of different cell types that directly or indirectly protect the integrity of skin. Cumulative oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses and their adverse impact on biological systems in the skin are a common mechanism of the ageing process, negatively impacting DNA by causing mutations that lead to many physiological, functional, and aesthetic changes in the skin, culminating in the development of many diseases, including photo-damage and photo-carcinogenesis. Exposure of the skin to ultraviolet-(B) elicits the activation of signal transduction pathways, including DNA damage response, autophagy, and checkpoint signal adaptations associated with clearing radiation-induced DNA damage. Recent experimental reports suggest that autophagy is involved in maintaining skin homeostasis upon encountering different stresses, notably genotoxic stress. It has also been revealed that autophagy positively regulates the recognition of DNA damage by nucleotide excision repair and that skin ageing is associated with defects in the autophagy process. Moreover, autophagy is constitutively active in the skin epithelium, imparting protection to skin cells against a diverse range of outside insults, thus increasing resistance to environmental stressors. It has also been found that the stress-induced suppression of the autophagy response in experimental settings leads to enhanced apoptosis during photo-ageing upon UV-B exposure and that the maintenance of homeostasis depends on cellular autophagy levels. More recent reports in this domain claim that relieving the oxidative-stress-mediated induction of the ER stress response upon UV-B irradiation protects skin cells from photo-damage effects. The integration of autophagy and the DNA damage response under genotoxic stress is being considered as a meaningful partnership for finding novel molecular targets and devising suitable therapeutic strategies against photo-ageing disorders. Here, we summarize and review the current understanding of the mechanisms governing the intricate interplay between autophagy and the DNA damage response and its regulation by UV-B, the roles of autophagy in regulating the cellular response to UV-B-induced photodamage, and the implications of the modulation of autophagy as a meaningful partnership in the treatment and prevention of photoaging disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Ahmad Umar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India +91-1912569000-10 ext.332
| | - Sheikh Abdullah Tasduq
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
- Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu Tawi Jammu and Kashmir India +91-1912569000-10 ext.332
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West CE, Kwatra SG, Choi J, Von Hoff D, Booth L, Dent P. A novel plant-derived compound is synergistic with 5-fluorouracil and has increased apoptotic activity through autophagy in the treatment of actinic keratoses. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:590-591. [PMID: 32362152 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1764905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shawn G Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Choi
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel Von Hoff
- Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGEN), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Laurence Booth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Paul Dent
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Pathogenesis of Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jd9.0000000000000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Samaka RM, Basha MA, Mansour E. Does the Autophagy Related Gene 7 (ATG7) Have a Role in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer? Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:49-58. [PMID: 32021368 PMCID: PMC6980838 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s222051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the role of autophagy related gene 7 (ATG7) in non-melanoma skin cancer. Subjects and Methods This retrospective and prospective case-control study was performed on 104 patients with non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in addition to 20 apparently healthy subjects matched for age and sex as a control group. Multiple skin biopsies were taken for immunohistochemical evaluation of ATG7 expression. Results Both epithelial and stromal ATG7 were expressed in all participants while all patients showed nucleocytoplasmic localization and controls showed both cytoplasmic and nucleocytoplasmic expression. In addition, significantly higher H-scores of ATG7 in both epithelium and stroma were detected in patients compared to controls (P<0.001). Conclusion ATG7 nucleocytoplasmic topographic localization might be involved in the pathogenesis of NMSC, which can open the gate for new target therapy for this skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Samaka
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Basha
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Al Minufya, Egypt
| | - Eman Mansour
- Ministry of Health, El Menshawy General Hospital, Tanta, Egypt
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Autophagy: Multiple Mechanisms to Protect Skin from Ultraviolet Radiation-Driven Photoaging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8135985. [PMID: 31915514 PMCID: PMC6930764 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8135985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular process that maintains balanced cell life. Restriction in autophagy may induce degenerative changes in humans. Natural or pathological aging of susceptible tissues has been linked with reduced autophagic activity. Skin photoaging is an example of such pathological condition caused by ambient solar UV radiation exposure. The UV-induced production of reaction oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to the promotion and progression of the photoaging process in exposed tissues. Accordingly, it has been suggested that autophagy is capable of delaying the skin photoaging process caused by solar ultraviolet (UV), although the underlying mechanism is still under debate. This review highlights several plausible mechanisms by which UV-induced ROS activates the cellular signaling pathways and modulates the autophagy. More specifically, the UV-mediated regulation of autophagy and age-related transcription factors is discussed to pinpoint the contribution of autophagy to antiphotoaging effects in the skin. The outcome of this review will provide insights into design intervention strategies for delaying the phenomenon of sunlight-induced photodamage, photoaging, and other aging-related chronic diseases based on factors that activate the autophagy process in the skin.
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45
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Raffinose increases autophagy and reduces cell death in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 201:111653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gruber F, Kremslehner C, Eckhart L, Tschachler E. Cell aging and cellular senescence in skin aging - Recent advances in fibroblast and keratinocyte biology. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110780. [PMID: 31794850 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aging of the skin is the most visible and obvious manifestation of organismal aging and may serve as a predictor of life expectancy and health. It is, however, also the human desire for long-lasting beauty that further raises interests in the topic, and thus considerable means and efforts are put into studying the mechanisms of skin aging in basic and applied research. Both medical und non-medical interests are of benefit for skin research in general because the results from these studies help to deepen our understanding of the complex molecular, biological, cell signaling, developmental and immunological processes in this organ. In fact, the skin is an ideal organ to observe and analyze the impact of extrinsic and intrinsic drivers of aging. Within the past five years technological advances like lineage tracing of cells in model organisms, intra-vital microscopy, nucleic acid sequencing at the single cell level, and high resolution mass spectrometry have allowed to study aging and senescence of individual skin cells within the tissue context, their signaling and communication, and to derive new hypotheses for experimental studies in vitro. In this short review we will discuss very recent developments that promise to extend the existing knowledge on cell aging and senescence of dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinocytes in skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Gruber
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for the Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leopold Eckhart
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Division for Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Eckhart L, Tschachler E, Gruber F. Autophagic Control of Skin Aging. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:143. [PMID: 31417903 PMCID: PMC6682604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin forms the barrier to the environment. Maintenance of this barrier during aging requires orchestrated responses to variable types of stress, the continuous renewal of the epithelial compartment, and the homeostasis of long-lived cell types. Recent experimental evidence suggests that autophagy is critically involved in skin homeostasis and skin aging is associated with and partially caused by defects of autophagy. In the outer skin epithelium, autophagy is constitutively active during cornification of keratinocytes and increases the resistance to environmental stress. Experimental suppression of autophagy in the absence of stress is tolerated by the rapidly renewing epidermal epithelium, whereas long-lived skin cells such as melanocytes, Merkel cells and secretory cells of sweat glands depend on autophagy for cellular homeostasis and normal execution of their functions during aging. Yet other important roles of autophagy have been identified in the dermis where senescence of mesenchymal cells and alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are hallmarks of aging. Here, we review the evidence for cell type-specific roles of autophagy in the skin and their differential contributions to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Eckhart
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
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You YJ, Wu PY, Liu YJ, Hou CW, Wu CS, Wen KC, Lin CY, Chiang HM. Sesamol Inhibited Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Hyperpigmentation and Damage in C57BL/6 Mouse Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8070207. [PMID: 31284438 PMCID: PMC6680965 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin is synthesized through a series of oxidative reactions initiated with tyrosine and catalyzed by melanogenesis-related proteins such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), dopachrome tautomerase (TRP-2), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Our previous study demonstrated that sesamol inhibited melanin synthesis through the inhibition of the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)/MITF/tyrosinase pathway in B16F10 cells. In this study, sesamol was applied to C57BL/6 mouse skin to understand its activity with respect to skin pigmentation. The results indicated that ultraviolet (UV) B-induced hyperpigmentation in the C57BL/6 mouse skin was significantly reduced by topical application of sesamol for 4 weeks. Sesamol reduced the melanin index and melanin content of the skin. In addition, sesamol elevated the brightness (L* value) of the skin. Sesamol also reduced UVB-induced hyperplasia of epidermis and collagen degradation in dermis. In immunohistochemical staining, topical application of sesamol reduced UVB-induced tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF expression in the epidermis of the skin. These results demonstrated that sesamol is a potent depigmenting agent in the animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jhen You
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jung Liu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Ph.D Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Hou
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu 30015, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Sheng Wu
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ching Wen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yih Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Ph.D Program for Biotechnology Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Antunovic M, Matic I, Nagy B, Caput Mihalic K, Skelin J, Stambuk J, Josipovic P, Dzinic T, Paradzik M, Marijanovic I. FADD-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts undergo RIPK1-dependent apoptosis and autophagy after NB-UVB irradiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 194:32-45. [PMID: 30904584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Sun or therapy-related ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces different cell death modalities such as apoptosis, necrosis/necroptosis and autophagy. Understanding of mechanisms implicated in regulation and execution of cell death program is imperative for prevention and treatment of skin diseases. An essential component of death-inducing complex is Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), involved in conduction of death signals of different death modalities. The purpose of this study was to enlighten the role of FADD in the selection of cell death mode after narrow-band UVB (NB-UVB) irradiation using specific cell death inhibitors (carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]- fluoromethylketone (zVAD-fmk), Necrostatin-1 and 3-Methyladenine) and FADD-deficient (FADD-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and their wild type (wt) counterparts. The results imply that lack of FADD sensitized MEFs to induction of receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIPK1)-dependent apoptosis by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), but without activation of the proteins p53, Bax and Bcl-2 as well as without the enrolment of calpain-2. Autophagy was established as a contributing factor to NB-UVB-induced death execution. By contrast, wt cells triggered intrinsic apoptotic pathway that was resistant to the inhibition by zVAD-fmk and Necrostatin-1 pointing to the mechanism overcoming the cell survival. These findings support the role of FADD in prevention of autophagy-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Antunovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Matic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Biserka Nagy
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Caput Mihalic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Josipa Skelin
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jerko Stambuk
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Pavle Josipovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tamara Dzinic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mladen Paradzik
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Inga Marijanovic
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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50
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Wang BJ, Chiu HW, Lee YL, Li CY, Wang YJ, Lee YH. Pterostilbene Attenuates Hexavalent Chromium-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis by Preventing Cell Apoptosis and Inhibiting IL-1β-Related NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. J Clin Med 2018; 7:jcm7120489. [PMID: 30486377 PMCID: PMC6306791 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is widely used in many industries but can induce contact dermatitis especially in cement industries. Many cement workers suffer from Cr(VI)-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and prevention and therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Pterostilbene (PT) is a natural compound predominantly found in blueberries. Studies indicate the potential use of PT as an effective anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agent. Herein, we investigated the possible mechanisms involved and whether chromium-induced ACD could be effectively inhibited by treating PT. In our in vivo study, epidermal Cr(VI) administration causes cutaneous inflammation in mice ear skin, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, were found in the epidermis, presenting the level of increase after Cr(VI) treatment. Meanwhile, the results of our in vitro experiment showed that apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were induced after treatment with different concentrations of Cr(VI) in HaCaT cells (human keratinocyte). Cr(VI) also induced TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expressions, through the activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway. Notably, the severity of the skin reactions in the epicutaneous elicitation test significantly diminished when the mouse was treated with PT. Likewise, PT intervention also ameliorated the inflammation and apoptosis of HaCaT cells in vitro. Furthermore, our current findings demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome could be involved in the Cr(VI)-mediated inflammation and apoptosis of ACD. Thus, interrupting this mechanism with proper nontoxic agents, such as PT, could be a new option to improve occupational chromium toxicity and hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bour-Jr Wang
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Institute of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 70403, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Lin Lee
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Yi Li
- Honors in Neuroscience, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB TG62R3, Canada.
| | - Ying-Jan Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Food Safety/Hygiene and Risk Management, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan.
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