1
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Ebrahimi P, Bayram I, Lante A, Decker EA. Acid-hydrolyzed phenolic extract of parsley (Petroselinum crispum L.) leaves inhibits lipid oxidation in soybean oil-in-water emulsions. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114452. [PMID: 38763687 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
The antioxidant activity of the natural phenolic extracts is limited in particular food systems due to the existence of phenolic compounds in glycoside form. Acid hydrolysis post-treatment could be a tool to convert the glycosidic polyphenols in the extracts to aglycones. Therefore, this research investigated the effects of an acid hydrolysis post-treatment on the composition and antioxidant activity of parsley extracts obtained by an ultrasound-assisted extraction method to delay lipid oxidation in a real food system (i.e., soybean oil-in-water emulsion). Acid hydrolysis conditions were varied to maximize total phenolic content (TPC) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. When extracts were exposed to 0.6 M HCl for 2 h at 80 ℃, TPC was 716.92 ± 24.43 µmol gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was 66.89 ± 1.63 %. Not only did acid hydrolysis increase the concentrations of individual polyphenols, but it also resulted in the release of new phenolics such as myricetin and gallic acid. The extract's metal chelating and ferric-reducing activity increased significantly after acid hydrolysis. In soybean oil-in-water emulsion containing a TPC of 400 µmol GAE/L, the acid-hydrolyzed extract had an 11-day lag phase for headspace hexanal compared to the 6-day lag phase of unhydrolyzed extract. The findings indicated that the conversion of glycosidic polyphenols to aglycones in phenolic extracts can help extend the shelf-life of emulsion-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Ebrahimi
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ipek Bayram
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
| | - Anna Lante
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, and Environment-DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università, 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy.
| | - Eric A Decker
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, United States
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2
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Rico A, Le Poul P, Rodríguez-López J, Achelle S, Gauthier S. Exploring structural and optical properties of a new series of soft salts based on cyclometalated platinum complexes. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 38900145 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A series of nine new soft salts based on two platinum(II) complexes, namely ([Pt(C^N)(CN)2]-[Pt(C^N)(en)]+) (en = ethane-1,2-diamine), has been developed and synthesized. Their photophysical properties in both solution and the solid state were described. All soft salt complexes exhibit phosphorescence emission with PLQY in the solid state up to 0.36. Most of these materials displayed aggregation-induced emission (AIE) or aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) in water/DMSO solutions as the water ratio increased. Structure-property relationships were analyzed in relation to emission properties. The presence of the free nitrogen atoms in soft salt complexes with a C^N pyrimidine-based ligand allowed for reversible sensitivity to acidic vapors, resulting in the quenching of phosphorescence emission. Additionally, for selected soft salts, we described reversible vapochromism behaviour, making these new materials interesting for multi-detection purposes in anti-counterfeiting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Rico
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Pascal Le Poul
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Julián Rodríguez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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3
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Simonis ED, Blanchard GJ. Evaluating the contributions to conductivity in room temperature ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:17048-17056. [PMID: 38836605 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01218f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The conductivity of room temperature ionic liquids is not described adequately by the Nernst-Einstein equation, which accounts only for Brownian motion of the ions. We report on the conductivity of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolum bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (BMIM TFSI), comparing the known conductivity of this RTIL to the diffusion constants of the cationic and anionic species over a range of length scales, using time-resolved fluorescence depolarization and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) measurements of chromophores in the RTIL. Our data demonstrate that the diffusional contribution to molar conductivity is ca. 50%. Another mechanism for the transmission of charged species in RTILs is responsible for the "excess" molar conductivity, and we consider possible contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Simonis
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - G J Blanchard
- Michigan State University, Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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4
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Yi HB, Lee S, Seo K, Kim H, Kim M, Lee HS. Cellular and Biophysical Applications of Genetic Code Expansion. Chem Rev 2024; 124:7465-7530. [PMID: 38753805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite their diverse functions, proteins are inherently constructed from a limited set of building blocks. These compositional constraints pose significant challenges to protein research and its practical applications. Strategically manipulating the cellular protein synthesis system to incorporate novel building blocks has emerged as a critical approach for overcoming these constraints in protein research and application. In the past two decades, the field of genetic code expansion (GCE) has achieved significant advancements, enabling the integration of numerous novel functionalities into proteins across a variety of organisms. This technological evolution has paved the way for the extensive application of genetic code expansion across multiple domains, including protein imaging, the introduction of probes for protein research, analysis of protein-protein interactions, spatiotemporal control of protein function, exploration of proteome changes induced by external stimuli, and the synthesis of proteins endowed with novel functions. In this comprehensive Review, we aim to provide an overview of cellular and biophysical applications that have employed GCE technology over the past two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Bin Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungeun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungdeok Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongjo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Minah Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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5
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Todd ZR, Lozano GG, Kufner CL, Ranjan S, Catling DC, Sasselov DD. UV Transmission in Prebiotic Environments on Early Earth. ASTROBIOLOGY 2024; 24:559-569. [PMID: 38768432 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is likely to have played important roles in surficial origins of life scenarios, potentially as a productive source of energy and molecular activation, as a selective means to remove unwanted side products, or as a destructive mechanism resulting in loss of molecules/biomolecules over time. The transmission of UV light through prebiotic waters depends upon the chemical constituents of such waters, but constraints on this transmission are limited. Here, we experimentally measure the molar decadic extinction coefficients for a number of small molecules used in various prebiotic synthetic schemes. We find that many small feedstock molecules absorb most at short (∼200 nm) wavelengths, with decreasing UV absorption at longer wavelengths. For comparison, we also measured the nucleobase adenine and found that adenine absorbs significantly more than the simpler molecules often invoked in prebiotic synthesis. Our results enable the calculation of UV photon penetration under varying chemical scenarios and allow further constraints on plausibility and self-consistency of such scenarios. While the precise path that prebiotic chemistry took remains elusive, improved understanding of the UV environment in prebiotically plausible waters can help constrain both the chemistry and the environmental conditions that may allow such chemistry to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe R Todd
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gabriella G Lozano
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Corinna L Kufner
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sukrit Ranjan
- Lunar & Planetary Laboratory/Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - David C Catling
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dimitar D Sasselov
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Ben Ahmed S, Pérez de Bustos G, Pina J, Torres T, Rodríguez-Morgade MS. Tuning Fluorescence and Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields of Subporphyrazines by Axial Functionalization. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300779. [PMID: 38319826 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The axial functionalization of Subporphyrazines (SubPzs) with unreported alkoxy groups, carboxy and carboperoxy rests, as well as sulfanyl, aryl and amino groups, forming B-O, B-S, B-C, and B-N bonds, respectively, has been investigated. The studied oxygen nucleophiles include aromatic and sterically demanding aliphatic alcohols, along with carboxylic acids and peracids. In general, direct substitution of the chloro-SubPz by oxygen nucleophiles of diverse nature proceeds smoothly, with yields of the isolated alkoxy and carboxy-substituted SubPzs ranging from 49 to 100 %. Conversely, direct substitution with sulphur, carbon and nitrogen nucleophiles do not afford the corresponding substituted SubPzs. In these cases, a stepwise procedure involving an axial triflate-SubPz intermediate was employed, affording only the phenyl-SubPz in 8 % yield. The major compound under these conditions was the unreported SubPz μ-oxo dimer, presumably arising from substitution of the triflate-SubPz by the in situ generated hydroxy-SubPz. This result indicates a quite low reactivity of the TfO-SubPz intermediate with carbon, sulphur and nitrogen nucleophiles. All SubPzs prepared in this work exhibited fluorescence at 510-515 nm with quantum yields ranging from 0.1 to 0.24. Additionally, all SubPzs generated singlet oxygen, with ΦΔ values ranging from 0.15 to 0.57, which show no apparent correlation with the axial substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Ben Ahmed
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Pérez de Bustos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - João Pina
- University of Coimbra, CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, Rua Larga, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Nanociencia, c/Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Knysh I, Raimbault D, Duchemin I, Blase X, Jacquemin D. Assessing the accuracy of TD-DFT excited-state geometries through optimal tuning with GW energy levels. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:144115. [PMID: 38602292 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We study the accuracy of excited state (ES) geometries using optimally tuned LC-PBE functionals with tuning based on GW quasiparticle energies. We compare the results obtained with the PBE, PBE0, non-tuned, and tuned LC-PBE functionals with available high-level CC reference values as well as experimental data. First, we compare ES geometrical parameters obtained for three different types of systems: molecules composed of a few atoms, 4-(dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN), and conjugated dyes. To this end, we used wave-function results as benchmarks. Next, we evaluate the accuracy of the theoretically simulated spectra as compared to the experimental ones for five large dyes. Our results show that, besides small compact molecules for which tuning LC-PBE does not allow obtaining geometries more accurate than those computed with standard functionals, tuned range-separated functionals are clearly to be favored, not only for ES geometries but also for 0-0 energies, band shapes, and intensities for absorption and emission spectra. In particular, the results indicate that GW-tuned LC-PBE functionals provide improved matching with experimental spectra as compared to conventionally tuned functionals. It is an open question whether TD-DFT with GW-tuned functionals can qualitatively mimic the actual many-body Bethe-Salpeter (BSE/GW) formalism for which analytic ionic gradients remain to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Knysh
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Denez Raimbault
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Ivan Duchemin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG-MEM-L_Sim, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Xavier Blase
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut, Néel F-38042, Grenoble
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75005 Paris, France
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8
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Cignoni E, Suman D, Nigam J, Cupellini L, Mennucci B, Ceriotti M. Electronic Excited States from Physically Constrained Machine Learning. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:637-648. [PMID: 38559300 PMCID: PMC10979507 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Data-driven techniques are increasingly used to replace electronic-structure calculations of matter. In this context, a relevant question is whether machine learning (ML) should be applied directly to predict the desired properties or combined explicitly with physically grounded operations. We present an example of an integrated modeling approach in which a symmetry-adapted ML model of an effective Hamiltonian is trained to reproduce electronic excitations from a quantum-mechanical calculation. The resulting model can make predictions for molecules that are much larger and more complex than those on which it is trained and allows for dramatic computational savings by indirectly targeting the outputs of well-converged calculations while using a parametrization corresponding to a minimal atom-centered basis. These results emphasize the merits of intertwining data-driven techniques with physical approximations, improving the transferability and interpretability of ML models without affecting their accuracy and computational efficiency and providing a blueprint for developing ML-augmented electronic-structure methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Cignoni
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Divya Suman
- Laboratory
of Computational Science and Modeling, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jigyasa Nigam
- Laboratory
of Computational Science and Modeling, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università
di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Ceriotti
- Laboratory
of Computational Science and Modeling, Institut des Matériaux, École Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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9
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Clarke DN, Rose NH, De Meulenaere E, Rosental B, Pearse JS, Pearse VB, Deheyn DD. Fluorescent proteins generate a genetic color polymorphism and counteract oxidative stress in intertidal sea anemones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2317017121. [PMID: 38457522 PMCID: PMC10945830 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2317017121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) are ubiquitous tools in research, yet their endogenous functions in nature are poorly understood. In this work, we describe a combination of functions for FPs in a clade of intertidal sea anemones whose FPs control a genetic color polymorphism together with the ability to combat oxidative stress. Focusing on the underlying genetics of a fluorescent green "Neon" color morph, we show that allelic differences in a single FP gene generate its strong and vibrant color, by increasing both molecular brightness and FP gene expression level. Natural variation in FP sequences also produces differences in antioxidant capacity. We demonstrate that these FPs are strong antioxidants that can protect live cells against oxidative stress. Finally, based on structural modeling of the responsible amino acids, we propose a model for FP antioxidant function that is driven by molecular surface charge. Together, our findings shed light on the multifaceted functions that can co-occur within a single FP and provide a framework for studying the evolution of fluorescence as it balances spectral and physiological functions in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Nathaniel Clarke
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA93950
| | - Noah H. Rose
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA93950
| | - Evelien De Meulenaere
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Benyamin Rosental
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva84105, Israel
| | - John S. Pearse
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95060
| | - Vicki Buchsbaum Pearse
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA93950
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA95060
| | - Dimitri D. Deheyn
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA92037
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10
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Jung SG, Jung G, Cole JM. Automatic Prediction of Peak Optical Absorption Wavelengths in Molecules Using Convolutional Neural Networks. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1486-1501. [PMID: 38422386 PMCID: PMC10934802 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Molecular design depends heavily on optical properties for applications such as solar cells and polymer-based batteries. Accurate prediction of these properties is essential, and multiple predictive methods exist, from ab initio to data-driven techniques. Although theoretical methods, such as time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations, have well-established physical relevance and are among the most popular methods in computational physics and chemistry, they exhibit errors that are inherent in their approximate nature. These high-throughput electronic structure calculations also incur a substantial computational cost. With the emergence of big-data initiatives, cost-effective, data-driven methods have gained traction, although their usability is highly contingent on the degree of data quality and sparsity. In this study, we present a workflow that employs deep residual convolutional neural networks (DR-CNN) and gradient boosting feature selection to predict peak optical absorption wavelengths (λmax) exclusively from SMILES representations of dye molecules and solvents; one would normally measure λmax using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. We use a multifidelity modeling approach, integrating 34,893 DFT calculations and 26,395 experimentally derived λmax data, to deliver more accurate predictions via a Bayesian-optimized gradient boosting machine. Our approach is benchmarked against the state of the art that is reported in the scientific literature; results demonstrate that learnt representations via a DR-CNN workflow that is integrated with other machine learning methods can accelerate the design of molecules for specific optical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Son Gyo Jung
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
| | - Guwon Jung
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
- Scientific
Computing Department, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
| | - Jacqueline M. Cole
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics, University
of Cambridge, J. J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- ISIS
Neutron and Muon Source, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, U.K.
- Research
Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0FA, U.K.
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11
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Koegl M, Vogler J, Zigan L. Spectral Investigations of Fluorescence Tracers in Automotive and Aviation Fuels under Cryogenic Conditions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:724. [PMID: 38339444 PMCID: PMC10857681 DOI: 10.3390/s24030724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated spectral laser-induced fluorescence signals of dyes in fuels for automotive and aerospace applications under low temperatures and cryogenic conditions down to 183 K. For this purpose, a fluorescence chamber was developed based on cooling with liquid nitrogen. The design enabled a minimal inner chamber temperature of 153 K. Furthermore, the applicability of two-color LIF for liquid thermometry was evaluated under these conditions. The temperature determination was based on the temperature-sensitive fluorescence intensity ratio of the special dyes doped into the fuels determined in suitable spectral regions, which represented common bandpass filters. For this purpose, the fluorescence signals of the dye doped into the gasoline and jet fuel surrogate isooctane were tested as well as blends of isooctane and the ethanol biofuels E20 (comprising 80 vol.% isooctane and 20 vol.% ethanol), E40, and E100. Additionally, a realistic multi-component fuel Jet A-1 mixed with a suitable fluorescence dye was investigated. E100 was doped with Eosin-Y, and the remaining fuels were doped with Nile red. Temperature-dependent spectral LIF intensities were recorded in the range of 183 K-293 K, which simulate extreme environments for aerospace and automotive applications. Frozen fuel-dye mixtures cause significant extinction effects and prevent sufficient signal detection at low and cryogenic temperatures, defining the detection limit. A temperature decrease led to a spectral shift in the emission peaks of E100 doped with Eosin-Y toward shorter wavelengths, while the spectra of mixtures doped with Nile red were shifted toward longer wavelengths. The suggested bandpass filters produced the temperature-sensitive intensity ratio (the average over the temperature interval) of the dyes with the largest sensitivity for Jet A-1 (5.2%/K), followed by E100 (4.95%/K), E40 (4.07%/K), E20 (3.23%/K), and isooctane (3.07%/K), even at cryogenic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Koegl
- Institut für Thermodynamik, Professur für Energiewandlung, Fakultät für Luft-und Raumfahrttechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München (UniBw M), D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (J.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jonas Vogler
- Institut für Thermodynamik, Professur für Energiewandlung, Fakultät für Luft-und Raumfahrttechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München (UniBw M), D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (J.V.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lars Zigan
- Institut für Thermodynamik, Professur für Energiewandlung, Fakultät für Luft-und Raumfahrttechnik, Universität der Bundeswehr München (UniBw M), D-85577 Neubiberg, Germany; (J.V.); (L.Z.)
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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12
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Gomes LJ, Outis M, Gomes CSB, Tomé AC, Moro AJ. Development of Fluorescent Chemosensors for Calcium and Lead Detection. Molecules 2024; 29:527. [PMID: 38276609 PMCID: PMC10820191 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present work, several coumarin-3-carboxamides with different azacrown ether moieties were designed and tested as potential luminescent sensors for metal ions. The derivative containing a 1-aza-15-crown-5 as a metal chelating group was found to yield the strongest response for Ca2+ and Pb2+, exhibiting an eight- and nine-fold emission increase, respectively, while other cations induced no changes in the optical properties of the chemosensor molecule. Job's plots revealed a 1:1 binding stoichiometry, with association constants of 4.8 × 104 and 8.7 × 104 M-1, and limits of detection of 1.21 and 8.04 µM, for Ca2+ and Pb2+, respectively. Computational studies suggest the existence of a PET quenching mechanism, which is inhibited after complexation with each of these two metals. Proton NMR experiments and X-ray crystallography suggest a contribution from the carbonyl groups in the coumarin-3-carboxamide fluorophore in the coordination sphere of the metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana J. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (L.J.G.); (M.O.); (C.S.B.G.)
| | - Mani Outis
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (L.J.G.); (M.O.); (C.S.B.G.)
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (L.J.G.); (M.O.); (C.S.B.G.)
| | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (L.J.G.); (M.O.); (C.S.B.G.)
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13
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Kim H, Kim Y, Lee D. Small is Beautiful: Electronic Origin and Synthetic Evolution of Single-Benzene Fluorophores. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:140-152. [PMID: 38126345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusSingle-benzene fluorophores (SBFs) are small molecules that produce visible light by using only one benzene ring as the sole aromatic core. This Account centers around the chemistry of a new class of SBF that we accidentally discovered but rationally developed and refined afterward. In a failed experiment that took an unintended reaction pathway, we encountered the bright green fluorescence of ortho-diacetylphenylenediamine (o-DAPA). Despite its uninspiring look, reminiscent of textbook examples of simple benzene derivatives, this molecule had neither been synthesized nor isolated before. This discovery led to our studies on the larger DAPA family, including isomeric m-DAPA and p-DAPA. Remarkably, p-DAPA is the lightest red fluorophore, with a molecular weight of only 192. While o- and p-DAPA are emissive, m-DAPA rapidly undergoes internal conversion, facilitated by sequential proton transfer reactions in the excited state.Leveraging the synthetic utility of the amine group, we carried out straightforward single-step modifications to create a full-color SBF library from p-DAPA as the common precursor. During the course of the investigation, we made another fortuitous discovery. With increasing acidity of the N-H group, the excited-state intramolecular proton transfer reaction is promoted, opening up additional pathways for emission to occur at even longer wavelengths. Tipping the balance between the two excited-state tautomers enabled the first example of a single-benzene white-light emitter. We demonstrated the practical utility of these molecules in white light-emitting devices and live cell imaging.According to the particle-in-a-box model, it is difficult to expect a molecule with only one small aromatic ring to produce long-wavelength emission. SBFs rise to this challenge by exploiting electron donor-acceptor pairs around the benzene core, which lowers the energy of light absorption. However, this answers only half of the question. Where do the exceptionally large spectral shifts in the light emission of SBFs originate from? Chemists have long been curious about the molecular mechanisms underlying the dramatic spectral shifts observed in SBFs. Prevailing paradigms invoke the charge transfer (CT) between electron donor and acceptor groups in the excited state. However, without a large π-skeleton for effective charge separation, how could benzene support a CT-type excited state? Our experimental and theoretical studies have revealed that large excited-state antiaromaticity (ESAA) of the benzene core itself is responsible for this remarkable phenomenon. The core matters, not the periphery. With appropriate molecular design, large and extended π-conjugation is no longer a prerequisite for long-wavelength light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heechan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongwhan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826 Seoul, Korea
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14
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Chatterjee T, Mandal M, Mardanya S, Singh M, Saha A, Ghosh S, Mandal PK. meta-Fluorophores: an uncharted ocean of opportunities. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:14370-14386. [PMID: 37965696 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
meta-Fluorophores (MFs) are unique ultra-light (in terms of molecular weight (MW)) fluorophores exhibiting luminescence with a wide colour gamut ranging from blue to the NIR. Single benzenic MFs are easy to synthesize, are quite bright (with photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as high as 63%) and exhibit very large Stokes shift (as high as 260 nm (8965 cm-1)), with large solvatochromic shift (as high as 175 nm), and very long excited-state-lifetime (as high as 26 ns) for such ultra-light fluorophores. An emission maximum of ≥600 nm has been achieved with an MF in a polar medium having a MW of only 177 g mol-1 and in a nonpolar medium having MW of only 255 g mol-1; therefore, a large-sized π-conjugated para-fluorophore is no longer a prerequisite for red/NIR emission. Structurally varied MFs pave the way for creating an ocean of opportunities and are thus promising for replacing para-fluorophores for different applications, ranging from bioimaging to LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Mrinal Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Sukumar Mardanya
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Manjeev Singh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Arijit Saha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Swarnali Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Prasun K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India.
- Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
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15
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Özbek N, Çekirge E, Ocak M, Ocak ÜT. Highly Blue-fluorescent Carbon Quantum Dots Obtained from Medlar Seed for Hg 2+ Determination in Real Water Samples. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03463-1. [PMID: 37831355 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been prepared from medlar seeds with pyrolysis method in an oven at 300 °C. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used in the characterization of CQDs. CQDs, give a strong blue fluorescence under UV lamp (at 365 nm), have a quantum yield of 12.2%. The influence of metal ions such as K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Be2+, Cr3+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Ag+, Hg2+, and Al3+ on the fluorescence properties of the CQDs was investigated by means of emission spectrophotometry. CQDs altering fluorescence characteristics depending on the excitation wavelength show selectivity for Hg2+ ions with outstanding fluorescence quenching among the tested metal ions. Based on these results, a new fluorimetric method has been developed for the determination of Hg2+ in real water samples. The linear range of method is 1.0 to 5.0 mgL- 1. Limit of detection and limit of quantification are 0.26 and 0.79 mgL- 1, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully used in determination of Hg2+ ions in tap, sea, and stream water samples with application of addition-recovery experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhayat Özbek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Ender Çekirge
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Miraç Ocak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Turgut Ocak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, 61080, Turkey.
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16
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Başoğlu A. Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots from Robinia hispida L. leaves for selective detection of Hg (II). Methods Appl Fluoresc 2023; 11:045010. [PMID: 37703892 DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/acf97c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Robinia hispida L leaves (RH) was used as a precursor for the first time to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) with stable blue fluorescence by a single-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Notably, the innovative approach eliminates the necessity for toxic chemicals or hazardous substances, marking a significant advancement in the field. The synthesized CDs demonstrate CDs demonstrates the predominance of spherical shapes with an average size of 11.63 ± 1.92 nm. The CDs not only exhibit an enhanced fluorescent efficiency with a relatively high quantum yield of up to 6.8%, but they also possess the potential for direct utilization in the selective determination of Hg(II) through fluorescence quenching, even without any functionalization. Under the optimized conditions at a pH of 7.0, a robust linear correlation was found to exist between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration of Hg (II) within the range of 5-17.5μM, exhibiting a detection limit (3σ) of 1.5μM. Additionally, this methodology was effectively employed to successfully detect Hg (II) ions in various aqueous samples, including tap water, spring water, drinking water, and a certified reference material (CRM-SA-C Sandy Soil C). The spike recoveries of 97.6%-101.6% with less than 2.7% variability were performed on all samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel Başoğlu
- Gümüşhane University, Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, 29100 Gümüşhane, Turkey
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17
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Shahinyan GA, Markarian SA. The Study of the Effect of Dimethylsulfoxide (or Diethylsulfoxide) on Quinine Sulfate-DNA Binding by UV-Vis and Steady-State Fluorescence Spectroscopies. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03442-6. [PMID: 37725205 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03442-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and diethylsulfoxide (DESO) on binding between quinine sulfate (QS) and DNA was studied by virtue of UV-Vis absorption, steady-state fluorescence spectroscopies, and fluorescence polarization measurements. The binding constant was determined at three different temperatures and the values of standard Gibbs energy change, enthalpy and entropy of binding were determined. The mechanism of binding and the effect of sulfoxides on this process was revealed. The values of binding constant, fluorescence polarization and iodide quenching studies confirmed that the main binding mode in QS-DNA system is groove binding. Addition of sulfoxides does not change the binding mechanism. Moreover, with addition of sulfoxides binding constant increases due to the removal of water molecules from DNA grooves making them more available for QS molecules. To explain the effect of DMSO and DESO on QS-DNA binding the photophysical properties of QS in aqueous solutions of DMSO and DESO were also studied. On the basis of quantum yield of QS in water, DMSO and DESO the types of intermolecular interactions were discussed. The obtained results show that quantum yield of QS in sulfoxides is lower compared with that in water and aqueous solution of 0.1 M H2SO4. QS forms ground state complexes with both DMSO and DESO that are stronger fluorophores compared with free QS molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar A Shahinyan
- Deparment of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Shiraz A Markarian
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Yerevan State University, 0025, Yerevan, Armenia.
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18
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Hudson RJ, Manian A, Hall CR, Schmidt TW, Russo SP, Ghiggino KP, Smith TA. Quantifying the Relaxation Dynamics of Higher Electronic Excited States in Perylene. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8000-8008. [PMID: 37650733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Gating logical operations through high-lying electronic excited states presents opportunities for developing ultrafast, subnanometer computational devices. A lack of molecular systems with sufficiently long-lived higher excited states has hindered practical realization of such devices, but recent studies have reported intriguing photophysics from high-lying excited states of perylene. In this work, we use femtosecond spectroscopy supported by quantum chemical calculations to identify and quantify the relaxation dynamics of monomeric perylene's higher electronic excited states. The 21B2u state is accessed through single-photon absorption at 250 nm, while the optically dark 21Ag state is excited via the 11B3u state. Population of either state results in subpicosecond relaxation to the 11B3u state, and we quantify 21Ag and 21B2u state lifetimes of 340 and 530 fs, respectively. These lifetimes are significantly longer than the singlet fission time constant from the perylene 21B2u state, suggesting that the higher electronic states of perylene may be useful for gating logical operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J Hudson
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Anjay Manian
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher R Hall
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3000, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Kenneth P Ghiggino
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, Parkville 3010, Australia
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19
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Nguyen KU, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhang R, Jin X, Taniguchi M, Miller ES, Lindsey JS. Tolyporphins-Exotic Tetrapyrrole Pigments in a Cyanobacterium-A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6132. [PMID: 37630384 PMCID: PMC10459692 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tolyporphins were discovered some 30 years ago as part of a global search for antineoplastic compounds from cyanobacteria. To date, the culture HT-58-2, comprised of a cyanobacterium-microbial consortium, is the sole known producer of tolyporphins. Eighteen tolyporphins are now known-each is a free base tetrapyrrole macrocycle with a dioxobacteriochlorin (14), oxochlorin (3), or porphyrin (1) chromophore. Each compound displays two, three, or four open β-pyrrole positions and two, one, or zero appended C-glycoside (or -OH or -OAc) groups, respectively; the appended groups form part of a geminal disubstitution motif flanking the oxo moiety in the pyrroline ring. The distinct structures and repertoire of tolyporphins stand alone in the large pigments-of-life family. Efforts to understand the cyanobacterial origin, biosynthetic pathways, structural diversity, physiological roles, and potential pharmacological properties of tolyporphins have attracted a broad spectrum of researchers from diverse scientific areas. The identification of putative biosynthetic gene clusters in the HT-58-2 cyanobacterial genome and accompanying studies suggest a new biosynthetic paradigm in the tetrapyrrole arena. The present review provides a comprehensive treatment of the rich science concerning tolyporphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy-Uyen Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Yunlong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Qihui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Ran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Xiaohe Jin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Eric S. Miller
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, USA;
| | - Jonathan S. Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8204, USA; (K.-U.N.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (R.Z.); (X.J.); (M.T.)
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21
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Calabretta LO, Petri YD, Raines RT. Fluorescent Guanidinium-Azacarbazole for Oxoanion Binding in Water. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11694-11701. [PMID: 37530571 PMCID: PMC10530381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Oxoanions such as carboxylates, phosphates, and sulfates play important roles in both chemistry and biology and are abundant on the cell surface. We report on the synthesis and properties of a rationally designed guanidinium-containing oxoanion binder, 1-guanidino-8-amino-2,7-diazacarbazole (GADAC). GADAC binds to a carboxylate, phosphate, and sulfate in pure water with affinities of 3.6 × 104, 1.1 × 103, and 4.2 × 103 M-1, respectively. Like 2-azacarbazole, which is a natural product that enables scorpions to fluoresce, GADAC is fluorescent in water (λabs = 356 nm, λem = 403 nm, ε = 13,400 M-1 cm-1). The quantum yield of GADAC is pH-sensitive, increasing from Φ = 0.12 at pH 7.4 to Φ = 0.53 at pH 4.0 as a result of the protonation of the aminopyridine moiety. The uptake of GADAC into live human melanoma cells is detectable in the DAPI channel at low micromolar concentrations. Its properties make GADAC a promising candidate for applications in oxoanion binding and fluorescence labeling in biological (e.g., the delivery of cargo into cells) and other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey O. Calabretta
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yana D. Petri
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ronald T. Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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22
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Verameyenka KG, Naumouskaya VA, Maximova NP. Cytochrome c oxidase is one of the key enzymes providing the ability to produce phenazines in Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:279. [PMID: 37583000 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenazines are heteroaromatic compounds consisting of a central pyrazine ring fused with two benzenes. Different functional groups attached to the dibenzopyrasin core cause differences in the chemical, physical, and biological properties of phenazines. Interest in these compounds has not diminished for decades. New biological activities and practical applications discovered in recent years force researchers to investigate all aspects of the synthesis, degradation, and mechanisms of action of phenazines. In this study, we have demonstrated the involvement of the coxA gene product (cytochrome c oxidase, su I) in the production of phenazines in P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca. Overlap PCR was used to knock out the coxA gene and the resulting mutants were screened for their ability to grow on rich and minimal culture media and for phenazine production. The reintroduction of the full-length coxA gene into the B-162/coxA strains was used to further confirm the role of this gene product in the ability to produce phenazines. We were able to show that the product of the coxA gene is necessary for phenazine production in rich growth media. At the same time, the CoxA protein does not seem to have any effect on phenazine production in M9 minimal salt medium. We could show that knocking down even one subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex leads to a significant reduction (to trace concentrations) or complete suppression of phenazine antibiotic production on rich PCA medium in P. chlororaphis subsp. aurantiaca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsiaryna G Verameyenka
- Department of Genetics, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Volha A Naumouskaya
- Department of Genetics, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Natalia P Maximova
- Department of Genetics, Belarusian State University, Nezavisimosty Ave., 4, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
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23
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López‐Pérez E, de Gómez‐Puyou MT, Nuñez CJ, Zapién DM, Guardado SA, Beltrán HI, Pérez‐Hernández G. Ordered-domain unfolding of thermophilic isolated β subunit ATP synthase. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4689. [PMID: 37252686 PMCID: PMC10273367 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The flexibility of the ATP synthase's β subunit promotes its role in the ATP synthase rotational mechanism, but its domains stability remains unknown. A reversible thermal unfolding of the isolated β subunit (Tβ) of the ATP synthase from Bacillus thermophilus PS3, tracked through circular dichroism and molecular dynamics, indicated that Tβ shape transits from an ellipsoid to a molten globule through an ordered unfolding of its domains, preserving the β-sheet residual structure at high temperature. We determined that part of the stability origin of Tβ is due to a transversal hydrophobic array that crosses the β-barrel formed at the N-terminal domain and the Rossman fold of the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), while the helix bundle of the C-terminal domain is the less stable due to the lack of hydrophobic residues, and thus the more flexible to trigger the rotational mechanism of the ATP synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar López‐Pérez
- Unidad Cuajimalpa, Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Marietta Tuena de Gómez‐Puyou
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología EstructuralInstituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Concepción José Nuñez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología EstructuralInstituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Denise Martínez Zapién
- Unidad Cuajimalpa, Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Salomón Alas Guardado
- Unidad Cuajimalpa, Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Hiram Isaac Beltrán
- División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Departamento de Ciencias BásicasUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad AzcapotzalcoCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | - Gerardo Pérez‐Hernández
- Unidad Cuajimalpa, Departamento de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad Autónoma MetropolitanaCiudad de MéxicoMexico
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Martinon TLM, Ramakrishnam Raju MV, Pierre VC. Kinetically Inert Macrocyclic Europium(III) Receptors for Phosphate. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37339454 PMCID: PMC10389169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The significant role that phosphate plays in environmental water pollution and biomedical conditions such as hyperphosphatemia highlights the need to develop robust receptors that can sequester the anion effectively and selectively from complex aqueous media. Toward that goal, four macrocyclic tris-bidentate 1,2-hydroxypyridonate (HOPO) europium(III) complexes containing either a cyclen, cyclam, TACN, or TACD ligand cap were synthesized and evaluated as phosphate receptors. The solubility of EuIII-TACD-HOPO in water was insufficient for luminescent studies. Whereas EuIII-cyclen-HOPO is eight coordinate with two inner-sphere water molecules, both EuIII-cyclam-HOPO and EuIII-TACN-HOPO are nine coordinate with three inner-sphere water molecules, suggesting that the two coordination states are very close in energy. As observed previously with linear analogues of tripodal HOPO complexes, there is no relationship between the number of inner-sphere water molecules and the affinity of the complex for phosphate. Whereas all three complexes do bind phosphate, EuIII-cyclen-HOPO has the highest affinity for phosphate with the anion displacing both of its inner-sphere water molecules. On the other hand, only one or two of the three inner-sphere water molecules of EuIII-TACN-HOPO and EuIII-cyclam-HOPO are displaced by phosphate, respectively. All three complexes are highly selective for phosphate over other anions, including arsenate. All three complexes are highly stable. EuIII-cyclen-HOPO and, to a lesser extent, EuIII-TACN-HOPO are more kinetically inert than the linear EuIII-Ser-HOPO. EuIII-cyclam-HOPO, on the other hand, is not. This study highlights the significant effect that minor changes in the ligand cap can have on both the ligand exchange rate and affinity for phosphate of tripodal 1,2-dihydroxypyridinonate complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut L M Martinon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | - Valérie C Pierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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25
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Nguyen HA, Dixon G, Dou FY, Gallagher S, Gibbs S, Ladd DM, Marino E, Ondry JC, Shanahan JP, Vasileiadou ES, Barlow S, Gamelin DR, Ginger DS, Jonas DM, Kanatzidis MG, Marder SR, Morton D, Murray CB, Owen JS, Talapin DV, Toney MF, Cossairt BM. Design Rules for Obtaining Narrow Luminescence from Semiconductors Made in Solution. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37311205 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed semiconductors are in demand for present and next-generation optoelectronic technologies ranging from displays to quantum light sources because of their scalability and ease of integration into devices with diverse form factors. One of the central requirements for semiconductors used in these applications is a narrow photoluminescence (PL) line width. Narrow emission line widths are needed to ensure both color and single-photon purity, raising the question of what design rules are needed to obtain narrow emission from semiconductors made in solution. In this review, we first examine the requirements for colloidal emitters for a variety of applications including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers, and quantum information science. Next, we will delve into the sources of spectral broadening, including "homogeneous" broadening from dynamical broadening mechanisms in single-particle spectra, heterogeneous broadening from static structural differences in ensemble spectra, and spectral diffusion. Then, we compare the current state of the art in terms of emission line width for a variety of colloidal materials including II-VI quantum dots (QDs) and nanoplatelets, III-V QDs, alloyed QDs, metal-halide perovskites including nanocrystals and 2D structures, doped nanocrystals, and, finally, as a point of comparison, organic molecules. We end with some conclusions and connections, including an outline of promising paths forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Grant Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Stephen Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Dylan M Ladd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Emanuele Marino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Justin C Ondry
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - James P Shanahan
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Eugenia S Vasileiadou
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - David M Jonas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Daniel Morton
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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26
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Khan A, Mallik S, Koner AL. Perylene-Based Smart Fluoroprobe with Dual Function: Ratiometric Response toward Hazardous Organic Peroxides and Pure White Light Generation via Self-Assembly. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37134254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this report, we have designed and synthesized a perylene-based smart fluoroprobe (PBE) in which the perylene core has been functionalized with the boronate group at the peri-position. PBE shows a very fast and ratiometric response toward harmful organic peroxides (OPs) generated in old ethereal solvents via auto-oxidation. The response toward OPs takes place with a visible color change from green to yellow, which could be easily observed with the naked eye. The reaction between PBE and OPs involves the cleavage of the boronate group and its consequent conversion into the -OH group. The response of PBE toward OPs was monitored using UV-vis absorption, fluorescence emission, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Additionally, we have also explored the self-assembly of PBE in an organic-aqueous solvent mixture, which shows pure white light emission (WLE) with the CIE coordinates (0.33, 0.33) in a 50% dimethyl sulfoxide-water mixture. This work clearly reveals that PBE fluoroprobe can be employed for sensitive detection of hazardous OPs present in old ethereal solvents. Moreover, the ability of PBE to generate the perfect pure WLE makes it a potential candidate for application in organic light-emitting devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasif Khan
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sriya Mallik
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Karg CA, Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS, Moser S. Phyllobilins - Bioactive Natural Products Derived from Chlorophyll - Plant Origins, Structures, Absorption Spectra, and Biomedical Properties. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:637-662. [PMID: 36198325 DOI: 10.1055/a-1955-4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Phyllobilins are open-chain products of the biological degradation of chlorophyll a in higher plants. Recent studies reveal that phyllobilins exert anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as activities against cancer cells, that contribute to the human health benefits of numerous plants. In general, phyllobilins have been overlooked in phytochemical analyses, and - more importantly - in the analyses of medicinal plant extracts. Nevertheless, over the past three decades, > 70 phyllobilins have been identified upon examination of more than 30 plant species. Eight distinct chromophoric classes of phyllobilins are known: phyllolumibilins (PluBs), phylloleucobilins (PleBs), phylloxanthobilins (PxBs), and phylloroseobilins (PrBs)-each in type-I or type-II groups. Here, we present a database of absorption and fluorescence spectra that has been compiled of 73 phyllobilins to facilitate identification in phytochemical analyses. The spectra are provided in digital form and can be viewed and downloaded at www.photochemcad.com. The present review describes the plant origin, molecular structure, and absorption and fluorescence features of the 73 phyllobilins, along with an overview of key medicinal properties. The review should provide an enabling tool for the community for the straightforward identification of phyllobilins in plant extracts, and the foundation for deeper understanding of these ubiquitous but underexamined plant-derived micronutrients for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia A Karg
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Simone Moser
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany
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Taghavi T, Patel H, Rafie R. Extraction Solvents Affect Anthocyanin Yield, Color, and Profile of Strawberries. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091833. [PMID: 37176888 PMCID: PMC10181068 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a major group of plant pigments that have antioxidant activities. Pigments play a major role in human health and have attracted a lot of attention globally. Many factors affect anthocyanin yields, such as solvent type, incubation time, solvent-to-sample ratio, sample type, and temperature. The first parameter was tested, and the rest were considered constant in this experiment. A total of nine organic and water-based solvents (methanol and chloroform: methanol, acetone, ethanol, water) and their combinations were compared to extract anthocyanins from freshly-pureed strawberries. Solvents changed anthocyanin yield, color parameters, and profile. The color parameters of a* values lower than 30, L* values higher than 85, hue angle more than 40, and chroma less than 30 indicated some color degradation in strawberry anthocyanins. Therefore, the best solvents for anthocyanin assessment were methanol and methanol: water. The second-best solvent was the pH differential buffers. Other solvents such as ethanol, chloroform: methanol, water, and water-based solvents extracted considerable amounts of anthocyanins; however, they showed some degree of color degradation, evidenced by the color parameters. Acetone did not yield a stable extract which degraded over 48 h of storage at 4 °C. The extraction solvent determined the main anthocyanin of the anthocyanins profile. Pelargonidin was the major anthocyanin in chloroform: methanol solvent, while delphinidin was dominant in all other solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Taghavi
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Hiral Patel
- Agricultural Research Station, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
| | - Reza Rafie
- Cooperative Extension, Virginia State University, Petersburg, VA 23806, USA
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29
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Taniguchi M, LaRocca CA, Bernat JD, Lindsey JS. Digital Database of Absorption Spectra of Diverse Flavonoids Enables Structural Comparisons and Quantitative Evaluations. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1087-1119. [PMID: 36848595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids play diverse roles in plants, comprise a non-negligible fraction of net primary photosynthetic production, and impart beneficial effects in human health from a plant-based diet. Absorption spectroscopy is an essential tool for quantitation of flavonoids isolated from complex plant extracts. The absorption spectra of flavonoids typically consist of two major bands, band I (300-380 nm) and band II (240-295 nm), where the former engenders a yellow color; in some flavonoids the absorption tails to 400-450 nm. The absorption spectra of 177 flavonoids and analogues of natural or synthetic origin have been assembled, including molar absorption coefficients (109 from the literature, 68 measured here). The spectral data are in digital form and can be viewed and accessed at http://www.photochemcad.com. The database enables comparison of the absorption spectral features of 12 distinct types of flavonoids including flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin, epigallocatechin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringin), 3-hydroxyflavanones (e.g., taxifolin, silybin), isoflavones (e.g., daidzein, genistein), flavones (e.g., diosmin, luteolin), and flavonols (e.g., fisetin, myricetin). The structural features that give rise to shifts in wavelength and intensity are delineated. The availability of digital absorption spectra for diverse flavonoids facilitates analysis and quantitation of these valuable plant secondary metabolites. Four examples are provided of calculations─multicomponent analysis, solar ultraviolet photoprotection, sun protection factor (SPF), and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)─for which the spectra and accompanying molar absorption coefficients are sine qua non.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Taniguchi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Connor A LaRocca
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jake D Bernat
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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30
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Heerfordt IM, Philipsen PA, Lerche CM, Wulf HC. Phototesting in erythropoietic protoporphyria trials: A systematic review. Exp Dermatol 2023. [PMID: 37052136 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Severe skin pain when exposed to long wave ultraviolet radiation or visible light is the main symptom of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). Treatment options for EPP are inadequate and new treatments are needed but hampered by the lack of valid efficacy outcomes. Phototesting with well-defined illumination of the skin can be performed reliably. We aimed to provide an overview of phototest procedures used to evaluate EPP treatments. Systematic searches of Embase, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library were performed. Searches identified 11 studies using photosensitivity as efficacy outcome. The studies used eight different phototest protocols. Illuminations were performed with a filtered high-pressure mercury arc, or a xenon arc lamp equipped with monochromator or filters. Some used broadband, others narrowband illumination. In all protocols phototests were performed on the hands or the back. Endpoints were minimal dose required to induce either first symptom of discomfort, erythema, urticaria or intolerable pain. Other endpoints were change in erythema intensity or diameter of any type of flare after exposure compared to before. In conclusion, protocols displayed extensive variability in illumination set-up and evaluation of phototest reactions. Implementation of a standardized phototest method will allow more consistent and reliable outcome evaluation in future therapeutic research of protoporphyric photosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida M Heerfordt
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter A Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Catharina M Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Sharma PK, Babbar A, Mallick D, Das S. Constructing 1-Ethoxyphenanthro[9,10- e]acephenanthrylene for the Synthesis of a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Containing a Formal Azulene Unit. J Org Chem 2023; 88:5473-5482. [PMID: 37040656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
peri-Acenoacenes are attractive synthetic targets, but their non-benzenoid isomeric counterparts were unnoticed. 1-Ethoxyphenanthro[9,10-e]acephenanthrylene 8 was synthesized and converted to azulene-embedded 9, which is a tribenzo-fused non-alternant isomeric motif of peri-anthracenoanthracene. Aromaticity and single-crystal analyses suggested a formal azulene core for 9, which showed a smaller highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap with a charge-transfer absorption band and brighter fluorescence than 8 (quantum yield (Φ): 9 = 41.8%, 8 = 8.9%). The reduction potentials of 8 and 9 were nearly identical, and the observations were further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyank Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Akanksha Babbar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Dibyendu Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Kolkata 700073, India
| | - Soumyajit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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Antón-Cánovas T, Achelle S, Paz Fernández-Liencres M, Navarro A, Alonso F, Rodríguez-López J. Acidochromism of amino-substituted indolizine chromophores: towards white light emission. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Absorption and Fluorescence Spectra of Open-chain Tetrapyrrole Pigments–Bilirubins, Biliverdins, Phycobilins, and Synthetic Analogues. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2023.100585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Ruiz AJ, LaRochelle EPM, Fahrner MP, Emond JA, Samkoe KS, Pogue BW, Chapman MS. Equivalent efficacy of indoor daylight and lamp‐based 5‐aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for treatment of actinic keratosis. SKIN HEALTH AND DISEASE 2023. [PMID: 37538332 PMCID: PMC10395623 DOI: 10.1002/ski2.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used as a treatment for actinic keratoses (AK), with new sunlight-based regimens proposed as alternatives to lamp-based treatments. Prescribing indoor daylight activation could help address the seasonal temperature, clinical supervision, and access variability associated with outdoor treatments. Objective To compare the AK lesion clearance efficacy of indoor daylight PDT treatment (30 min of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) pre-incubation, followed by 2 h of indoor sunlight) versus a lamp-based PDT treatment (30 min of ALA preincubation, followed by 10 min of red light). Methods A prospective clinical trial was conducted with 41 patients. Topical 10% ALA was applied to the entire treatment site (face, forehead, scalp). Patients were assigned to either the lamp-based or indoor daylight treatment. Actinic keratosis lesion counts were determined by clinical examination and recorded for pre-treatment, 1-month, and 6-month follow-up visits. Results There was no statistical difference in the efficacy of AK lesion clearance between the red-lamp (1-month clearance = 57 ± 17%, 6-month clearance = 57 ± 20%) and indoor daylight treatment (1-month clearance = 61 ± 19%, 6-month clearance = 67 ± 20%). A 95% confidence interval of the difference of the means was measured between -4.4% and 13.4% for 1-month, and -2.2% and +23.6% for 6-month timepoints when comparing the indoor daylight to the red-lamp treatment, with a priori interval of equivalence of ±20%. Limitations Ensuring an equivalent dose between the indoor and lamp treatment cohorts limited randomisation since it required performing indoor daylight treatments only during sunny days. Conclusion Indoor-daylight PDT provided equivalent AK treatment efficacy to a lamp-based regimen while overcoming temperature limitations and UV-block sunscreen issues associated with outdoor sunlight treatments in the winter. Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov listing: NCT03805737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J. Ruiz
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Brian W. Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering at Dartmouth Hanover New Hampshire USA
| | - M. Shane Chapman
- Department of Dermatology Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover New Hampshire USA
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Obitz D, Gkika KS, Heller M, Keyes TE, Metzler-Nolte N. A phototoxic thulium complex exhibiting intracellular ROS production upon 630 nm excitation in cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1943-1946. [PMID: 36656026 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06209g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A lanthanide(III) complex with a thulium metal centre connected via a terpyridine unit to a light harvesting antenna with strong absorption in the therapeutic window [>590 nm] was synthesised and tested as a possible photosensitiser (PS) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The complex exhibited significant phototoxic activity on cancer cells upon irradiation in the therapeutic window and from intracellular and solution studies ROS production was identified as the compound's phototoxic mode of action. In cell viability assays, a 10-fold lowered IC50 value was obtained upon irradiation compared to the dark control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Obitz
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany.
| | - Karmel S Gkika
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Marvin Heller
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany.
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences and National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, Bochum 44780, Germany.
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Kah G, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. Curcumin a Natural Phenol and Its Therapeutic Role in Cancer and Photodynamic Therapy: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020639. [PMID: 36839961 PMCID: PMC9962422 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer continues to cause an alarming number of deaths globally, and its burden on the health system is significant. Though different conventional therapeutic procedures are exploited for cancer treatment, the prevalence and death rates remain elevated. These, therefore, insinuate that novel and more efficient treatment procedures are needed for cancer. Curcumin, a bioactive, natural, phenolic compound isolated from the rhizome of the herbaceous plant turmeric, is receiving great interest for its exciting and broad pharmacological properties. Curcumin presents anticancer therapeutic capacities and can be utilized as a photosensitizing drug in cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Nonetheless, curcumin's poor bioavailability and related pharmacokinetics limit its clinical utility in cancer treatment. This review looks at the physical and chemical properties, bioavailability, and safety of curcumin, while focusing on curcumin as an agent in cancer therapy and as a photosensitizer in cancer PDT. The possible mechanisms and cellular targets of curcumin in cancer therapy and PDT are highlighted. Furthermore, recent improvements in curcumin's bioavailability in cancer therapy using nanoformulations and delivery systems are presented.
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Hruzd M, Kahlal S, le Poul N, Wojcik L, Cordier M, Saillard JY, Rodríguez-López J, Robin-le Guen F, Gauthier S, Achelle S. Phosphorescent cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes with phenyldiazine N^C ligands. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1927-1938. [PMID: 36722926 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03690h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes containing various phenyldiazine-type bidentate N^C ligands have been successfully synthesized and characterized. Structural modifications have been made to bidentate cyclometalating ligands regarding the nature of the diazine ring (pyrimidine, pyrazine and quinazoline), the substituent groups at the C4 position of the pyrimidine ring (OCH3, CF3) and the EDGs at the para position of the Pt atom (OCH3, Ph, NPh2, carbazol). In addition, the electronic properties of the azaheterocyclic ancillary ligand have been modulated in this series of complexes (pyridine, 4-methoxy-pyridine or pyrimidine). X-ray diffraction studies have been performed on three complexes, revealing Pt(II) ions in a distorted square-planar geometrical environment with no Pt(II)⋯Pt(II) interactions but with moderate π-π interactions in the solid-state structure. Electrochemical and computational studies suggest a ligand-centered reduction on the diazine ligands with, in some cases, additional contribution from the azaheterocyclic ancillary ligand, whereas oxidation occurs on the Pt-phenyl ring substituent moieties. All complexes exhibit phosphorescence emission ranging from green to red/near-infrared, both in solution and in the solid state. Complexes bearing a 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyrimidine ligand show the best PLQY of the series, up to 52% in a CH2Cl2 solution and 20% in the solid state. Furthermore, the solid state PLQY of one of the near-infrared emitting phenylquinazoline complex has been found to be 6%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Hruzd
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Nicolas le Poul
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, UFR Science et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Laurianne Wojcik
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire de Chimie, Electrochimie Moléculaires et Chimie Analytique, UMR CNRS 6521, UFR Science et Techniques, 6 Avenue Victor le Gorgeu, CS 93837, Brest Cedex 3, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Jean-Yves Saillard
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Julián Rodríguez-López
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Área de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Françoise Robin-le Guen
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sylvain Achelle
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
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Charles M, Edwards B, Ravishankar E, Calero J, Henry R, Rech J, Saravitz C, You W, Ade H, O’Connor B, Sederoff H. Emergent molecular traits of lettuce and tomato grown under wavelength-selective solar cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1087707. [PMID: 36909444 PMCID: PMC9999377 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The integration of semi-transparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) in greenhouses offers new agrivoltaic opportunities to meet the growing demands for sustainable food production. The tailored absorption/transmission spectra of ST-OSCs impacts the power generated as well as crop growth, development and responses to the biotic and abiotic environments. To characterize crop responses to ST-OSCs, we grew lettuce and tomato, traditional greenhouse crops, under three ST-OSC filters that create different light spectra. Lettuce yield and early tomato development are not negatively affected by the modified light environment. Our genomic analysis reveals that lettuce production exhibits beneficial traits involving nutrient content and nitrogen utilization while select ST-OSCs impact regulation of flowering initiation in tomato. These results suggest that ST-OSCs integrated into greenhouses are not only a promising technology for energy-neutral, sustainable and climate-change protected crop production, but can deliver benefits beyond energy considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodi Charles
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Brianne Edwards
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Eshwar Ravishankar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - John Calero
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Reece Henry
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jeromy Rech
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Carole Saravitz
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Brendan O’Connor
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Heike Sederoff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Aaboub T, Boukhriss A, Gmouh S, Werts MHV. Determination of photoluminescence quantum yields in dilute solution using non-monochromatic excitation light. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:465-475. [PMID: 36269517 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-022-00325-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs) of fluorophores in dilute solutions can be determined fluorimetrically according to the comparative method employing standards of known PLQY. This method has recently been demonstrated to become more robust when the absorption of the excitation light and the PL emission are measured simultaneously using a transmitted light detector integrated in the fluorimeter. Herein, aided by fiber-coupled spectroscopic equipment and computerized data processing, we elaborate on this method by measuring the full corrected intensity spectrum of the excitation light transmitted through the sample. This further releases constraints on the monochromatic character of the excitation light and enables the use of broad-band excitation sources such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Furthermore, the protocol includes measurements at increasing dye concentration, rigorously verifying the required proportionality between absorbed and emitted light intensities. The PLQYs of solutions of fluorophores determined using the new method are in close agreement with published values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Aaboub
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Rennes, SATIE, Campus de Ker Lann, 35170, Bruz, France
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, SATIE-UMR8029, 35000, Rennes, France
- Univ Hassan II de Casablanca, LIMAT, 20000, Casablanca, Morocco
- Ecole Supérieure des Industries du Textile et de l'habillement, REMTEX, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Aicha Boukhriss
- Ecole Supérieure des Industries du Textile et de l'habillement, REMTEX, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Said Gmouh
- Univ Hassan II de Casablanca, LIMAT, 20000, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Martinus H V Werts
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Rennes, SATIE, Campus de Ker Lann, 35170, Bruz, France.
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, SATIE-UMR8029, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Chau Nguyen K, Nguyen Tran AT, Wang P, Zhang S, Wu Z, Taniguchi M, Lindsey JS. Four Routes to 3-(3-Methoxy-1,3-dioxopropyl)pyrrole, a Core Motif of Rings C and E in Photosynthetic Tetrapyrroles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031323. [PMID: 36770988 PMCID: PMC9920783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic tetrapyrroles share a common structural feature comprised of a β-ketoester motif embedded in an exocyclic ring (ring E). As part of a total synthesis program aimed at preparing native structures and analogues, 3-(3-methoxy-1,3-dioxopropyl)pyrrole was sought. The pyrrole is a precursor to analogues of ring C and the external framework of ring E. Four routes were developed. Routes 1-3 entail a Pd-mediated coupling process of a 3-iodopyrrole with potassium methyl malonate, whereas route 4 relies on electrophilic substitution of TIPS-pyrrole with methyl malonyl chloride. Together, the four routes afford considerable latitude. A long-term objective is to gain the capacity to create chlorophylls and bacteriochlorophylls and analogues thereof by facile de novo means for diverse studies across the photosynthetic sciences.
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Heerfordt IM, Philipsen PA, Lerche CM, Wulf HC. Protection against visible light by dihydroxyacetone in erythropoietic protoporphyria. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 41:103302. [PMID: 36690194 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) are hypersensitive to long wave ultraviolet (UVA) radiation and visible light and they experience severe skin pain by light exposure. The patients have very limited treatment options. Sunless skin tanning with dihydroxyacetone (DHA) is now being investigated as a possible treatment modality of skin photosensitivity in EPP. METHODS We simulated the theoretical light protection factor provided by DHA application. In addition, we present 19 cases with EPP who were treated at our department with DHA weekly during spring and summer from 2018 to 2021 inclusive. RESULTS The protection factor against UVA and visible light was estimated to approximately two. Out of the 19 patients with EPP who were treated with DHA in 2018, 11 patients experienced a sustained good effect and continued to use the treatment on a weekly basis in the spring and summer of 2019, 2020, and 2021. CONCLUSION AND PERSPECTIVES Both the theoretical estimates and the uncontrolled study suggest that sunless tanning with DHA reduces photosensitivity in patients with EPP. Our hypothesis is that skin treated with DHA can tolerate twice the daylight dose compared to untreated skin before onset of skin symptoms. To validate this conclusion, we plan a randomized clinical trial to determine the effect of DHA application to reduce photosensitivity in patients with EPP under controlled clinical conditions. The study protocol for this trial is presented in the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida M Heerfordt
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Peter A Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Catharina M Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Christian Wulf
- Department of Dermatology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Loa JDA, Cruz-Rodríguez IA, Rojas-Avelizapa NG. Colorimetric Detection of Metals Using CdS-NPs Synthesized by an Organic Extract of Aspergillus niger. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04341-z. [PMID: 36656535 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04341-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS-NPs) synthesized by fungi presents highly stable chemical and optical characteristics; this makes them a promising alternative for development of colorimetric methods for metal detection. Moreover, application of CdS-NPs is challenging due to the biological material used to carry out synthesis and coating is highly diverse; therefore, it is necessary to evaluate if such components are present in the biological material. Thus, the objective of this work was to detect metallic ions in synthetic water samples using CdS-NPs synthesized by the extract of Aspergillus niger. The conditions to produce fungal extracts were determined through a factorial design 23; additionally, biomolecules involved in metallic ions detection, synthesis, and coating of CdS-NPs were quantified; the studied biomolecules are NADH, sulfhydryl groups, proteins, and ferric reducing antioxidants (FRAP). CdS-NPs synthesized in this study were characterized by spectrophotometry, zeta potential, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Finally, detection capacity of metallic ions in synthetic water samples was evaluated. It was proved that the methanolic extract of Aspergillus niger obtained under established conditions has the necessary components for both synthesis and coating of CdS-NPs, as well as detection of metallic ions because it was possible to synthesize CdS-NPs with a hexagonal crystalline structure with a length of 2.56 ± 0.50 nm which were able to detect Pb2+, Cr6+, and Fe3+ at pH 4 and Co2+ at pH 8.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D A Loa
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Qro. CP. 76090, Querétaro, México
| | - I A Cruz-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Qro. CP. 76090, Querétaro, México
| | - N G Rojas-Avelizapa
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Unidad Querétaro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Qro. CP. 76090, Querétaro, México.
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Sahu S, Parthasarathy V, Mishra AK. Phenylethynylanthracene based push-pull molecular systems: tuning the photophysics through para-substituents on the phenyl ring. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:1957-1969. [PMID: 36541448 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05074a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic push-pull molecules contain donor and acceptor moieties connected via π-linkages through which intramolecular electron charge transfer (ICT) can occur in the ground and excited states; giving these molecules interesting photophysical properties. The molecules chosen in this work are some basic phenylethynylanthracene derivatives to show that with just a change of substituents this class of small molecules can show dramatic changes in their photophysical properties. The emission properties and ICT abilities of these molecules are compared with regards to various electron donating and withdrawing substituents. Substituents such as cyano and methoxycarbonyl groups do not induce any ICT character whereas substituents like aldehyde, N,N-dimethylamino and nitro groups cause appreciable ICT character in this class of molecules and their emission spectra extend almost throughout the whole visible region. The comparative ICT character was correlated with the results of electron density difference calculations. Computational studies show that the molecules are planar in their ground as well as excited states; except the nitro group containing molecule, which has an orthogonally twisted structure in the excited state. The emission properties of this molecule led to its inclusion into a class of nitroaromatics which shows maximum emission intensity in moderately polar solvents and the emission is quenched drastically by either decreasing or increasing solvent polarity. Fluorescence anisotropy studies show very good sensitivity of these compounds towards microviscosity of their immediate molecular environment. A white light emitting (WLE) gel was prepared using 4-(anthracen-9-ylethynyl)benzonitrile (AnPCN) and 4-(anthracen-9-ylethynyl)-N,N-dimethylaniline (AnPNMe2) by taking polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the gelator and the resulting gel exhibited very good CIE (0.31, 0.33) with CCT (6598 K) and CRI (87). As an example, the use of the gel was also demonstrated by applying it to a commercial UV LED which showed satisfactory results. AnPNMe2 was used to sense polar solvent vapors in TLC plates and Whatman paper due to its good solvatochromic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Manian A, Hudson RJ, Ramkissoon P, Smith TA, Russo SP. Interexcited State Photophysics I: Benchmarking Density Functionals for Computing Nonadiabatic Couplings and Internal Conversion Rate Constants. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:271-292. [PMID: 36490305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the first benchmarking study of nonadiabatic matrix coupling elements (NACMEs) calculated using different density functionals. Using the S1 → S0 transition in perylene solvated in toluene as a case study, we calculate the photophysical properties and corresponding rate constants for a variety of density functionals from each rung of Jacob's ladder. The singlet photoluminescence quantum yield (sPLQY) is taken as a measure of accuracy, measured experimentally here as 0.955. Important quantum chemical parameters such as geometries, absorption, emission, and adiabatic energies, NACMEs, Hessians, and transition dipole moments were calculated for each density functional basis set combination (data set) using density functional theory based multireference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) and compared to experiment where possible. We were able to derive simple relations between the TDDFT and DFT/MRCI photophysical properties; with semiempirical damping factors of ∼0.843 ± 0.017 and ∼0.954 ± 0.064 for TDDFT transition dipole moments and energies to DFT/MRCI level approximations, respectively. NACMEs were dominated by out-of-plane derivative components belonging to the center-most ring atoms with weaker contributions from perturbations along the transverse and longitudinal axes. Calculated theoretical spectra compared well to both experiment and literature, with fluorescence lifetimes between 7.1 and 12.5 ns, agreeing within a factor of 2 with experiment. Internal conversion (IC) rates were then calculated and were found to vary wildly between 106-1016 s-1 compared with an experimental rate of the order 107 s-1. Following further testing by mixing data sets, we found a strong dependence on the method used to obtain the Hessian. The 5 characterized data sets ranked in order of most promising are PBE0/def2-TZVP, ωB97XD/def2-TZVP, HCTH407/TZVP, PBE/TZVP, and PBE/def2-TZVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjay Manian
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne3000, Australia
| | - Rohan J Hudson
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia
| | - Pria Ramkissoon
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville3010, Australia
| | - Salvy P Russo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne3000, Australia
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Ruiz AJ, LaRochelle EPM, Samkoe KS, Chapman MS, Pogue BW. Effective fluence and dose at skin depth of daylight and lamp sources for PpIX-based photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 41:103260. [PMID: 36627070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Skin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the clinical treatment of actinic keratosis (AKs) and other skin lesions with continued expansion into the standard of care. Due to the spectral dependency of photosensitizer activation and skin optical fluence, there is a need for more accurate methods to estimate the delivered dose at depth from different PDT light sources and treatment regimens. AIM Develop radiometric methods for calculating photosensitizer-effective fluence and dose at depth and determine differences between red-lamp, blue-lamp, and daylight-based PDT treatments. METHODS Radiometric measurements of FDA-approved PDT lamp sources, outdoor daylight, and indoor daylight were performed for clinically relevant AK treatments. The protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) equivalent irradiance, fluence, and dose for each light source were calculated from the PpIX absorption spectrum and a 7-layer skin fluence model. The effective fluence and dose at depth was estimated by combining the spectral attenuation predicted at each wavelength and depth with the source fluence at each wavelength. RESULTS The red-lamp source had the highest illuminance (112,000 lumen/m2), but lowest PpIX-effective irradiance (9.6 W/m2), and highest effective fluence at depth (10.8 W/m2 at 500 µm). In contrast, the blue light source had the lowest illuminance (2300 lumen/m2), but highest PpIX effective irradiance (37.0 W/m2), and ultimately the lowest effective fluence at depth (0.18 W/cm2 at 500 µm). The daylight source had values of (outdoor | indoor) illuminance of (49,200 | 37,800 lumen/m2), effective irradiance of (19.2 | 10.7 W/m2), and effective fluence of (1.50 | 1.08 W/m2 at 500 µm). The effective fluence and dose at depth facilitated the comparison of treatment regimens, for example, calculating an equivalent dose for a 2 hr indoor daylight treatment and a 10 min red-light treatment for the 300-1000 μm depth range. CONCLUSIONS The consideration of PpIX-effective fluence at varying depths is necessary to provide adequate comparisons of the delivered dose from PDT light sources. Methods for calculating radiometric fluence and delivered dose at depth were introduced, with open source MATLAB code, to help overcome the limitations of commonly used photometric and irradiance-based reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto J Ruiz
- Dartmouth Engineering, 15 Thayer Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; QUEL Imaging, LLC, White River Junction, VT 0500, USA.
| | | | | | - M Shane Chapman
- Department of Dermatology, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Dartmouth Engineering, 15 Thayer Drive, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, USA
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Brugger A, Yamati FI, Barreto A, Paulus S, Schramowsk P, Kersting K, Steiner U, Neugart S, Mahlein AK. Hyperspectral Imaging in the UV Range Allows for Differentiation of Sugar Beet Diseases Based on Changes in Secondary Plant Metabolites. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:44-54. [PMID: 35904439 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-22-0086-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections trigger defense or signaling responses in plants, leading to various changes in plant metabolites. The changes in metabolites, for example chlorophyll or flavonoids, have long been detectable using time-consuming destructive analytical methods including high-performance liquid chromatography or photometric determination. Recent plant phenotyping studies have revealed that hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the UV range can be used to link spectral changes with changes in plant metabolites. To compare established destructive analytical methods with new nondestructive hyperspectral measurements, the interaction between sugar beet leaves and the pathogens Cercospora beticola, which causes Cercospora leaf spot disease (CLS), and Uromyces betae, which causes sugar beet rust (BR), was investigated. With the help of destructive analyses, we showed that both diseases have different effects on chlorophylls, carotenoids, flavonoids, and several phenols. Nondestructive hyperspectral measurements in the UV range revealed different effects of CLS and BR on plant metabolites resulting in distinct reflectance patterns. Both diseases resulted in specific spectral changes that allowed differentiation between the two diseases. Machine learning algorithms enabled the differentiation between the symptom classes and recognition of the two sugar beet diseases. Feature importance analysis identified specific wavelengths important to the classification, highlighting the utility of the UV range. The study demonstrates that HSI in the UV range is a promising, nondestructive tool to investigate the influence of plant diseases on plant physiology and biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brugger
- University of Bonn, Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Pathology, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | | | - Abel Barreto
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Goettingen, 37079, Germany
| | - Stefan Paulus
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Goettingen, 37079, Germany
| | - Patrick Schramowsk
- Technical University Darmstadt, Computer Science Department and Centre for Cognitive Science, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Kristian Kersting
- Technical University Darmstadt, Computer Science Department and Centre for Cognitive Science, Darmstadt, 64289, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steiner
- University of Bonn, Institute for Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES)-Plant Pathology, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Susanne Neugart
- University of Goettingen, Division of Quality and Sensory of Plant Products, Goettingen, 37075, Germany
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Mohammad M, Saha I, Pal K, Karmakar P, Pandya P, Gazi HAR, Islam MM. A comparison on the biochemical activities of Fluorescein disodium, Rose Bengal and Rhodamine 101 in the light of DNA binding, antimicrobial and cytotoxic study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:9848-9859. [PMID: 34121614 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1936180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical activities of Fluorescein, Rose Bengal and Rhodamine 101 were studied by DNA binding, antibacterial and cytotoxic studies. DNA binding studies were done using spectroscopic, thermodynamic and molecular modeling techniques. Antibacterial activities were investigated against a gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and a gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus. Cytotoxic activities were studied against Wi-38 cell line. We observed these dyes bound to minor groove of DNA and structural diversity of dyes affect the phenomenon. No significant antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of these dyes were found in our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukti Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, Aliah University, Kolkata, India
| | - Ishita Saha
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Kunal Pal
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Parimal Karmakar
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Prateek Pandya
- Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
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Wu Z, Dou J, Nguyen KU, Eppley JC, Siwawannapong K, Zhang Y, Lindsey JS. Tailoring the AIE Chromogen 2-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole for Use in Enzyme-Triggered Molecular Brachytherapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248682. [PMID: 36557815 PMCID: PMC9786593 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A targeted strategy for treating cancer is antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, where the enzyme attached to the antibody causes conversion of an inactive small-molecule prodrug into an active drug. A limitation may be the diffusion of the active drug away from the antibody target site. A related strategy with radiotherapeutics entails enzymatically promoted conversion of a soluble to insoluble radiotherapeutic agent, thereby immobilizing the latter at the target site. Such a molecular brachytherapy has been scarcely investigated. In distinct research, the advent of molecular designs for aggregation-induced emission (AIE) suggests translational use in molecular brachytherapy. Here, several 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole substrates that readily aggregate in aqueous solution (and afford AIE) were elaborated in this regard. In particular, (1) the 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) unit was derivatized to bear a pegylated phosphodiester that imparts water solubility yet undergoes enzymatic cleavage, and (2) a p-phenol unit was attached to the benzo moiety to provide a reactive site for final-step iodination (here examined with natural abundance iodide). The pegylated phosphodiester-iodinated benzothiazole undergoes conversion from aqueous-soluble to aqueous-insoluble upon treatment with a phosphatase or phosphodiesterase. The aggregation is essential to molecular brachytherapy, whereas the induced emission of AIE is not essential but provides a convenient basis for research development. Altogether, 21 compounds were synthesized (18 new, 3 known via new routes). Taken together, blending biomedical strategies of enzyme prodrug therapy with materials chemistry concerning substances that undergo AIE may comprise a step forward on the long road toward molecular brachytherapy.
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Yudasari N, Dinata IKH, Shearer CJ, Blanco-Sanchez PH, Tresna WP, Isnaeni, Suliyanti MM, Trilaksana H. Laser-assisted deposition of Ag on self-sourced growth ZnO nanorods as reusable photocatalysts for water purification. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Choi S, Jeon Y, Kwon JH, Ihm C, Kim SY, Choi KC. Wearable Photomedicine for Neonatal Jaundice Treatment Using Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs): Toward Textile-Based Wearable Phototherapeutics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204622. [PMID: 36310107 PMCID: PMC9762290 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal jaundice is a very common disease in newborns and can lead to brain damage or death in severe cases. Phototherapy with light-emitting diode (LED) arrays is widely used as the easiest and fastest way to relieve jaundice in newborns, but it has distinct disadvantages such as loss of water in the patient, damage to the retina, and separation from parents. In this paper, a novel light source-based phototherapy for neonatal jaundice is proposed using a textile-based wearable organic light-emitting diode (OLED) platform that can move flexibly and conform to the curvature of the human body. The soft and flexible textile-based blue OLED platform is designed to have a peak wavelength of 470 nm, suitable for jaundice treatment, and shows performance (>20 µW cm-2 nm- 1 ) suitable for intensive jaundice treatment even at low voltage (<4.0 V). The textile-based OLEDs fabricated in this study exhibit an operating reliability of over 100 h and low-temperature operation (<35 °C). The results of an in vitro jaundice treatment test using a large-area blue OLED confirm that the bilirubin level decreases to 12 mg dL-1 with 3 h of OLED irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyeop Choi
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Yongmin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringGachon UniversitySeongnam13120Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kwon
- Department of Display and Semiconductor EngineeringSUN MOON UniversityChoongcheongnam‐doAsan31460Republic of Korea
| | - Chunhwa Ihm
- Department of Laboratory MedicineDaejeon Eulji Medical CenterEulji University School of MedicineDaejeon35233Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Kim
- Department of PediatricsNowon Eulji Medical CenterEulji University School of MedicineSeoul01830Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Cheol Choi
- School of Electrical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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