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Fakhrioliaei A, Tanhaei S, Pakmehr S, Noori Shakir M, Qasim MT, Hariri M, Nouhi Kararoudi A, Valilo M. Potential Role of Nrf2, HER2, and ALDH in Cancer Stem Cells: A Narrative Review. J Membr Biol 2024; 257:3-16. [PMID: 38356054 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-024-00307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the main causes of death among humans, second only to cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, numerous studies have been conducted on the pathophysiology of cancer, and it has been established that this disease is developed by a group of stem cells known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, cancer is considered a stem cell disease; however, there is no comprehensive consensus about the characteristics of these cells. Several different signaling pathways including Notch, Hedgehog, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and WNT/β-catenin pathways cause the self-renewal of CSCs. CSCs change their metabolic pathways in order to access easy energy. Therefore, one of the key objectives of researchers in cancer treatment is to destroy CSCs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) plays an essential role in the protection of CSCs from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chemotherapeutic agents by regulating antioxidants and detoxification enzymes. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the tyrosine kinase receptor family, which contributes to the protection of cancer cells against treatment and implicated in the invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and tumorigenesis. Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are highly active in CSCs and protect the cells against damage caused by active aldehydes through the regulation of aldehyde metabolism. On the other hand, ALDHs promote the formation and maintenance of tumor cells and lead to drug resistance in tumors through the activation of various signaling pathways, such as the ALDH1A1/HIF-1α/VEGF axis and Wnt/β-catenin, as well as changing the intracellular pH value. Given the growing body of information in this field, in the present narrative review, we attempted to shed light on the function of Nrf2, HER2, and ALDH in CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maha Noori Shakir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maytham T Qasim
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health and Medical Technology, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Maryam Hariri
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Alireza Nouhi Kararoudi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Valilo
- Dpartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Han YP, Lin HW, Li H. Cancer Stem Cells in Tumours of the Central Nervous System in Children: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3154. [PMID: 37370764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells found in various kinds of tumours with stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal, induced differentiation, and tumourigenicity. The existence of CSCs is regarded as a major source of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are the most common solid tumours in children, which have many different types including highly malignant embryonal tumours and midline gliomas, and low-grade gliomas with favourable prognoses. Stem cells from the CNS tumours have been largely found and reported by researchers in the last decade and their roles in tumour biology have been deeply studied. However, the cross-talk of CSCs among different CNS tumour types and their clinical impacts have been rarely discussed. This article comprehensively reviews the achievements in research on CSCs in paediatric CNS tumours. Biological functions, diagnostic values, and therapeutic perspectives are reviewed in detail. Further investigations into CSCs are warranted to improve the clinical practice in treating children with CNS tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hou-Wei Lin
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Jiaxing Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
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Zisis V, Paraskeuopoulos K, Athanasios P, Panta P, Dimitrios A. Altered Presence of Cancer Stem Cell ALDH1/2 in Oral Leukoplakias and Squamous Cell Carcinomas. Cureus 2023; 15:e40836. [PMID: 37489188 PMCID: PMC10363262 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for initiating the process of carcinogenesis by enabling the self-renewal and self-proliferation of the cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the presence of epithelial cells with cancer stem cells characteristics (ALDH+) in the early stages of oral precancerous lesions (Oral Leukoplakias) and the frequency of these cells in the different stages of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). MATERIALS & METHODS The aim of this study was the detection of the immunohistochemical pattern of expression of CSC protein-biomarker ALDH1&2 (sc-166362, Santa Cruz Co, Dallas, Texas, USA) in paraffin-embedded samples of 30 cases of leukoplakia of all degrees of dysplasia and 21 cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) of all degrees of differentiation compared to the histologically normal oral epithelium. The samples were retrieved from 2009-2019 from the archives of the Department of Oral Medicine/Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. The samples were evaluated through a three-tier scale (positive cells Ι: 6-35%, ΙΙ: 36-70%, ΙΙΙ: 71-100%). Statistical analysis was performed through SPSS Pearson Chi-square, and the significance level was set at 0.05 (p=0.05). Results: The staining of ALDH1&2 was observed mildly in the cell membrane of cells in the stratum spinosum of the normal epithelium and the cell membrane of cells in the stratum basale of the normal epithelium, characteristically at the interface point with the basal membrane. ALDH1&2 were expressed significantly more in the OSCC than in the leukoplakia (p-value=0.0001) and the normal epithelium (p-value=0.0001). Mainly, ALDH1&2 were expressed significantly more in the severely and moderately dysplastic oral leukoplakia compared to the mildly dysplastic and non-dysplastic leukoplakia (p-value=0.001). DISCUSSION The characteristic expression of ALDH in potentially malignant oral and OSCC lesions suggests the presence of CSCs and their possible implication in the early stages of oral tumorigenesis, even at the stage of oral leukoplakia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios Zisis
- Oral Medicine/ Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
| | | | | | - Prashanth Panta
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Malla Reddy Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Andreadis Dimitrios
- Oral Medicine/ Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GRC
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Nairuz T, Mahmud Z, Manik RK, Kabir Y. Cancer stem cells: an insight into the development of metastatic tumors and therapy resistance. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023:10.1007/s12015-023-10529-x. [PMID: 37129728 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10529-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The term "cancer stem cells" (CSCs) refers to cancer cells that exhibit traits parallel to normal stem cells, namely the potential to give rise to every type of cell identified in a tumor microenvironment. It has been found that CSCs usually develops from other neoplastic cells or non-cancerous somatic cells by acquiring stemness and malignant characteristics through particular genetic modifications. A trivial number of CSCs, identified in solid and liquid cancer, can give rise to an entire tumor population with aggressive anticancer drug resistance, metastasis, and invasiveness. Besides, cancer stem cells manipulate their intrinsic and extrinsic features, regulate the metabolic pattern of the cell, adjust efflux-influx efficiency, modulate different signaling pathways, block apoptotic signals, and cause genetic and epigenetic alterations to retain their pluripotency and ability of self-renewal. Notably, to keep the cancer stem cells' ability to become malignant cells, mesenchymal stem cells, tumor-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, etc., interact with one another. Furthermore, CSCs are characterized by the expression of particular molecular markers that carry significant diagnostic and prognostic significance. Because of this, scientific research on CSCs is becoming increasingly imperative, intending to understand the traits and behavior of cancer stem cells and create more potent anticancer therapeutics to fight cancer at the CSC level. In this review, we aimed to elucidate the critical role of CSCs in the onset and spread of cancer and the characteristics of CSCs that promote severe resistance to targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Nairuz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Zimam Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rasel Khan Manik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Yearul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
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Kim M, Jo KW, Kim H, Han ME, Oh SO. Genetic heterogeneity of liver cancer stem cells. Anat Cell Biol 2023; 56:94-108. [PMID: 36384888 PMCID: PMC9989795 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell heterogeneity is a serious problem in the control of tumor progression because it can cause chemoresistance and metastasis. Heterogeneity can be generated by various mechanisms, including genetic evolution of cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), and niche heterogeneity. Because the genetic heterogeneity of CSCs has been poorly characterized, the genetic mutation status of CSCs was examined using Exome-Seq and RNA-Seq data of liver cancer. Here we show that different surface markers for liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) showed a unique propensity for genetic mutations. Cluster of differentiation 133 (CD133)-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the IRF2, BAP1, and ERBB3 genes. However, leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5-positive cells showed frequent mutations in the CTNNB1, RELN, and ROBO1 genes. In addition, some genetic mutations were frequently observed irrespective of the surface markers for LCSCs. BAP1 mutations was frequently observed in CD133-, CD24-, CD13-, CD90-, epithelial cell adhesion molecule-, or keratin 19-positive LCSCs. ASXL2, ERBB3, IRF2, TLX3, CPS1, and NFATC2 mutations were observed in more than three types of LCSCs, suggesting that common mechanisms for the development of these LCSCs. The present study provides genetic heterogeneity depending on the surface markers for LCSCs. The genetic heterogeneity of LCSCs should be considered in the development of LCSC-targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kwang-Woo Jo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Myoung-Eun Han
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Polonio-Alcalá E, Rabionet M, Ruiz-Martínez S, Palomeras S, Porta R, Vásquez-Dongo C, Bosch-Barrera J, Puig T, Ciurana J. Polycaprolactone Electrospun Scaffolds Produce an Enrichment of Lung Cancer Stem Cells in Sensitive and Resistant EGFRm Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215320. [PMID: 34771484 PMCID: PMC8582538 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The culture of lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) is not possible using traditional flat polystyrene surfaces. The study of these tumor-initiating cells is fundamental due to their key role in the resistance to anticancer therapies, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Hence, we evaluated the use of polycaprolactone electrospun (PCL-ES) scaffolds for culturing LCSC population in sensitive and resistant EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma models. Our findings revealed that both cell models seeded on PCL-ES structures showed a higher drug resistance, enhanced levels of several genes and proteins related to epithelial-to-mesenchymal process, stemness, and surface markers, and the activation of the Hedgehog pathway. We also determined that the non-expression of CD133 was associated with a low degree of histological differentiation, disease progression, distant metastasis, and worse overall survival in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer patients. Therefore, we confirmed PCL-ES scaffolds as a suitable three-dimensional cell culture model for the study of LCSC niche. Abstract The establishment of a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model for lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) is needed because the study of these stem cells is unable to be done using flat surfaces. The study of LCSCs is fundamental due to their key role in drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. Hence, the purpose of this work is the evaluation of polycaprolactone electrospun (PCL-ES) scaffolds for culturing LCSCs in sensitive and resistant EGFR-mutated (EGFRm) lung adenocarcinoma cell models. We performed a thermal, physical, and biological characterization of 10% and 15%-PCL-ES structures. Several genes and proteins associated with LCSC features were analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Vimentin and CD133 tumor expression were evaluated in samples from 36 patients with EGFRm non-small cell lung cancer through immunohistochemistry. Our findings revealed that PC9 and PC9-GR3 models cultured on PCL-ES scaffolds showed higher resistance to osimertinib, upregulation of ABCB1, Vimentin, Snail, Twist, Sox2, Oct-4, and CD166, downregulation of E-cadherin and CD133, and the activation of Hedgehog pathway. Additionally, we determined that the non-expression of CD133 was significantly associated with a low degree of histological differentiation, disease progression, and distant metastasis. To sum up, we confirmed PCL-ES scaffolds as a suitable 3D cell culture model for the study of the LCSC niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Polonio-Alcalá
- Product, Process and Production Engineering Research Group (GREP), Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (E.P.-A.); (M.R.)
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (S.P.); (R.P.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Marc Rabionet
- Product, Process and Production Engineering Research Group (GREP), Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (E.P.-A.); (M.R.)
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (S.P.); (R.P.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Santiago Ruiz-Martínez
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (S.P.); (R.P.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Sònia Palomeras
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (S.P.); (R.P.); (C.V.-D.)
| | - Rut Porta
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (S.P.); (R.P.); (C.V.-D.)
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain;
| | - Carmen Vásquez-Dongo
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (S.P.); (R.P.); (C.V.-D.)
- Department of Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta University Hospital, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | | | - Teresa Puig
- New Therapeutic Targets Laboratory (TargetsLab)-Oncology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (S.R.-M.); (S.P.); (R.P.); (C.V.-D.)
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-972-419-628 (T.P.); +34-972-418-384 (J.C.)
| | - Joaquim Ciurana
- Product, Process and Production Engineering Research Group (GREP), Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain; (E.P.-A.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (J.C.); Tel.: +34-972-419-628 (T.P.); +34-972-418-384 (J.C.)
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Costard LS, Hosn RR, Ramanayake H, O'Brien FJ, Curtin CM. Influences of the 3D microenvironment on cancer cell behaviour and treatment responsiveness: A recent update on lung, breast and prostate cancer models. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:360-378. [PMID: 33484910 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of in vitro studies assessing cancer treatments are performed in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers and are subsequently validated in in vivo animal models. However, 2D models fail to accurately model the tumour microenvironment. Furthermore, animal models are not directly applicable to mimic the human scenario. Three-dimensional (3D) culture models may help to address the discrepancies of 2D and animal models. When cancer cells escape the primary tumour, they can invade at distant organs building secondary tumours, called metastasis. The development of metastasis leads to a dramatic decrease in the life expectancy of patients. Therefore, 3D systems to model the microenvironment of metastasis have also been developed. Several studies have demonstrated changes in cell behaviour and gene expression when cells are cultured in 3D compared to 2D and concluded a better comparability to cells in vivo. Of special importance is the effect seen in response to anti-cancer treatments as models are built primarily to serve as drug-testing platforms. This review highlights these changes between cancer cells grown in 2D and 3D models for some of the most common cancers including lung, breast and prostate tumours. In addition to models aiming to mimic the primary tumour site, the effects of 3D cell culturing in bone metastasis models are also described. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Most in vitro studies in cancer research are performed in 2D and are subsequently validated in in vivo animal models. However, both models possess numerous limitations: 2D models fail to accurately model the tumour microenvironment while animal models are expensive, time-consuming and can differ considerably from humans. It is accepted that the cancer microenvironment plays a critical role in the disease, thus, 3D models have been proposed as a potential solution to address the discrepancies of 2D and animal models. This review highlights changes in cell behaviour, including proliferation, gene expression and chemosensitivity, between cancer cells grown in 2D and 3D models for some of the most common cancers including lung, breast and prostate cancer as well as bone metastasis.
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Read E, Milford J, Zhu J, Wu L, Bilodeau M, Yang G. The interaction of disulfiram and H 2S metabolism in inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and liver cancer cell growth. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 426:115642. [PMID: 34242567 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Disulfiram (DSF), a sulfur-containing compound, has been used to treat chronic alcoholism and cancer for decades by inactivating aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a new gasotransmitter and regulates various cellular functions by S-sulfhydrating cysteine in the target proteins. H2S exhibits similar properties to DSF in the sensitization of cancer cells. The interaction of DSF and H2S on ALDH activity and liver cancer cell survival are not clear. Here it was demonstrated that DSF facilitated H2S release from thiol-containing compounds, and DSF and H2S were both capable of regulating ALDH through inhibition of gene expression and enzymatic activity. The supplement of H2S sensitized human liver cancer cells (HepG2) to DSF-inhibited cell viability. The expression of cystathionine gamma-lyase (a major H2S-generating enzyme) was lower but ALDH was higher in mouse liver cancer stem cells (Dt81Hepa1-6) in comparison with their parental cells (Hepa1-6), and H2S was able to inhibit liver cancer stem cell adhesion. In conclusion, these data point to the potential of combining DSF and H2S for inhibition of cancer cell growth and tumor development by targeting ALDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Read
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Jarod Milford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Jiechun Zhu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Marc Bilodeau
- Laboratoire d'Hépatologie Cellulaire, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
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Yang FR, Zhao YF, Hu XW, Liu ZK, Yu XD, Li CY, Li XR, Li HJ. Nano-realgar suppresses lung cancer stem cell growth by repressing metabolic reprogramming. Gene 2021; 788:145666. [PMID: 33887368 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies in cancer biology suggest that metabolic glucose reprogramming is a potential target for cancer treatment. However, little is known about drug intervention in the glucose metabolism of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and its related underlying mechanisms. METHODS The crude realgar powder was Nano-grinded to meets the requirements of Nano-pharmaceutical preparations, and Nano-realgar solution (NRS) was prepared for subsequent experiments. Isolation and characterization of lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) was performed by magnetic cell sorting (MACS) and immunocytochemistry, respectively. Cell viability and intracellular glucose concentration were detected by MTT assay and glucose oxidase (GOD) kit. Protein expressions related to metabolic reprogramming was detected by ELISA assay. Determination of the expression of HIF-1α and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways was carried out by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. A subcutaneous tumor model in BALB/c-nu mice was successfully established to evaluate the effects of Nano-realgar on tumor growth and histological structure, and the expression of HIF-1α in tumor tissues was measured by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Nano-realgar inhibits cell viability and induces glucose metabolism in LCSCs, and inhibits protein expression related to metabolic reprogramming in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Nano-realgar downregulated the expression of HIF-1α and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in vitro and in vivo. Nano-realgar inhibits tumor growth and changes the histological structure of tumors through in vivo experiments and consequently inhibits the constitutive activation of HIF-1α signaling. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that Nano-realgar inhibits tumor growth in vitro and in vivo by repressing metabolic reprogramming. This inhibitory effect potentially related to the downregulation HIF-1α expression via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ran Yang
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Feng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi-Wen Hu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zong-Kai Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Dan Yu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang-Yang Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiu-Rong Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui-Jie Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Razmi M, Ghods R, Vafaei S, Sahlolbei M, Saeednejad Zanjani L, Madjd Z. Clinical and prognostic significances of cancer stem cell markers in gastric cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:139. [PMID: 33639931 PMCID: PMC7912890 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01840-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is considered one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, which is accompanied by a poor prognosis. Although reports regarding the importance of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in gastric cancer progression have rapidly developed over the last few decades, their clinicopathological and prognostic values in gastric cancer still remain inconclusive. Therefore, the current meta-analysis aimed to quantitatively re-evaluate the association of CSC markers expression, overall and individually, with GC patients’ clinical and survival outcomes. Methods Literature databases including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Embase were searched to identify the eligible articles. Hazard ratios (HRs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were recorded or calculated to determine the relationships between CSC markers expression positivity and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS)/relapse-free survival (RFS), disease-specific survival (DSS)/ cancer-specific survival (CSS), and clinicopathological features. Results We initially retrieved 4,425 articles, of which a total of 66 articles with 89 studies were considered as eligible for this meta-analysis, comprising of 11,274 GC patients. Overall data analyses indicated that the overexpression of CSC markers is associated with TNM stage (OR = 2.19, 95% CI 1.84–2.61, P = 0.013), lymph node metastasis (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.54–2.02, P < 0.001), worse OS (HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.54–1.77, P < 0.001), poor CSS/DSS (HR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.33–2.15, P < 0.001), and unfavorable DFS/RFS (HR = 2.35, 95% CI 1.90–2.89, P < 0.001) in GC patients. However, CSC markers expression was found to be slightly linked to tumor differentiation (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.55, P = 0.035). Sub-analysis demonstrated a significant positive relationship between most of the individual markers, specially Gli-1, Oct-4, CD44, CD44V6, and CD133, and clinical outcomes as well as the reduced survival, whereas overexpression of Lgr-5, Nanog, and sonic hedgehog (Shh) was not found to be related to the majority of clinical outcomes in GC patients. Conclusion The expression of CSC markers is mostly associated with worse outcomes in patients with GC, both overall and individual. The detection of a combined panel of CSC markers might be appropriate as a prognostic stratification marker to predict tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with GC, which probably results in identifying novel potential targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Razmi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roya Ghods
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Vafaei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sahlolbei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Escalona RM, Bilandzic M, Western P, Kadife E, Kannourakis G, Findlay JK, Ahmed N. TIMP-2 regulates proliferation, invasion and STAT3-mediated cancer stem cell-dependent chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:960. [PMID: 33023532 PMCID: PMC7542139 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metzincin family of metalloproteinases and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are essential proteins required for biological processes during cancer progression. This study aimed to determine the role of TIMP-2 in ovarian cancer progression and chemoresistance by reducing TIMP-2 expression in vitro in Fallopian tube secretory epithelial (FT282) and ovarian cancer (JHOS2 and OVCAR4) cell lines. METHODS FT282, JHOS2 and OVCAR4 cells were transiently transfected with either single or pooled TIMP-2 siRNAs. The expression of different genes after TIMP-2 knock down (T2-KD) or in response to chemotherapy was determined at the mRNA level by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) and at the protein level by immunofluorescence. Sensitivity of the cell lines in response to chemotherapy after TIMP-2 knock down was investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assays. Cell invasion in response to TIMP-2 knockdown was determined by xCELLigence. RESULTS Sixty to 90 % knock down of TIMP-2 expression was confirmed in FT282, OVCAR4 and JHOS2 cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels. TIMP-2 knock down did not change the mRNA expression of TIMP-1 or TIMP-3. However, a significant downregulation of MMP-2 in T2-KD cells occurred at both the protein and activation levels, compared to Control (Cont; scrambled siRNA) and Parental cells (P, transfection reagent only). In contrast, membrane bound MT1-MMP protein levels were significantly upregulated in T2-KD compared to Cont and P cells. T2-KD cells exhibited enhanced proliferation and increased sensitivity to cisplatin and paclitaxel treatments. Enhanced invasion was observed in the T2-KD-JOSH2 and OVCAR4 cells but not in T2-KD-FT282 cells. Treatment with cisplatin or paclitaxel significantly elevated the expression of TIMP-2 in Cont cells but not in T2-KD cells, consistent with significantly elevated expression of chemoresistance and CSC markers and activation of STAT3. Furthermore, a potent inhibitor of STAT3 activation, Momelotinib, suppressed chemotherapy-induced activation of P-STAT3 in OVCAR4 cells with concomitant reductions in the expression of chemoresistance genes and CSC markers. CONCLUSIONS The above results suggest that TIMP-2 may have a novel role in ovarian cancer proliferation, invasion and chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth M Escalona
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia.,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, 3353, Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Patrick Western
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Elif Kadife
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, 3353, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, 3353, Australia.,Federation University Australia, Vic, Ballarat, 3010, Australia
| | - Jock K Findlay
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia.,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Nuzhat Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3050, Australia. .,Centre for Reproductive Health, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and the Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3168, Australia. .,Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, 3353, Australia. .,Federation University Australia, Vic, Ballarat, 3010, Australia.
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12
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Koh YW, Han JH, Haam S. Expression of PD-L1, cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer. Pathology 2020; 53:239-246. [PMID: 33036771 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of PD-L1, cancer stem cells (CSC) markers (CD44, NANOG, and ALDH1) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and to evaluate their correlation and prognostic significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. PD-L1 protein expression was evaluated in resected 277 NSCLC cases and its correlation with CSC and EMT marker expression and survival was determined based on immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. mRNA expression obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Kaplan-Meier plotter database were compared with the IHC results. PD-L1 expression was negatively correlated with ALDH1 expression in adenocarcinoma by IHC and mRNA expression. PD-L1 expression was also associated with mesenchymal phenotype (vimentin and TWIST) adenocarcinoma by IHC and mRNA expression. PD-L1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in adenocarcinoma by IHC. However, NANOG or ALDH1 expression measured by IHC and mRNA expression was correlated with a favourable prognosis in adenocarcinoma. Epithelial marker p120-catenin detected by IHC and mRNA expression was associated with a favourable prognosis in adenocarcinoma, however mesenchymal marker TWIST was associated with a worse prognosis. Patients with low PD-L1 and high ALDH1 expression showed more favourable prognoses than adenocarcinoma patients with other expression patterns. In multivariate analysis, ALDH1 detected by IHC and mRNA expression was an independent favourable prognostic marker for adenocarcinoma. Our study results support the hypothesis that PD-L1 interacts with CSC and EMT features and that PD-L1, ALDH1, and the mesenchymal phenotype may serve as tandem markers as prognostic factor in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Wha Koh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Ho Han
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjin Haam
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Najafzadeh B, Asadzadeh Z, Motafakker Azad R, Mokhtarzadeh A, Baghbanzadeh A, Alemohammad H, Abdoli Shadbad M, Vasefifar P, Najafi S, Baradaran B. The oncogenic potential of NANOG: An important cancer induction mediator. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2443-2458. [PMID: 32960465 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a unique population in the tumor, but they only comprise 2%-5% of the tumor bulk. Although CSCs share several features with embryonic stem cells, CSCs can give rise to the tumor cells. CSCs overexpress embryonic transcription factor NANOG, which is downregulated in differentiated tissues. This transcription factor confers CSC's stemness, unlimited self-renewal, metastasis, invasiveness, angiogenesis, and drug-resistance with the assistance of WNT, OCT4, SOX2, Hedgehog, BMI-1, and other complexes. NANOG facilitates CSCs development via multiple pathways, like angiogenesis and lessening E-cadherin expression levels, which paves the road for metastasis. Moreover, NANOG represses apoptosis and leads to drug-resistance. This review aims to highlight the pivotal role of NANOG and the pertained pathways in CSCs. Also, this current study intends to demonstrate that targeting NANOG can dimmish the CSCs, sensitize the tumor to chemotherapy, and eradicate the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basira Najafzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Asadzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Baghbanzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hajar Alemohammad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Vasefifar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Souzan Najafi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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14
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Yang Q, Yao Y, Li K, Jiao L, Zhu J, Ni C, Li M, Dou QP, Yang H. An Updated Review of Disulfiram: Molecular Targets and Strategies for Cancer Treatment. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3248-3256. [PMID: 31419930 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190816233755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Repurposing already approved drugs as new anticancer agents is a promising strategy considering the advantages such as low costs, low risks and less time-consumption. Disulfiram (DSF), as the first drug for antialcoholism, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over 60 years ago. Increasing evidence indicates that DSF has great potential for the treatment of various human cancers. Several mechanisms and targets of DSF related to cancer therapy have been proposed, including the inhibition of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), cancer cell stemness and cancer metastasis, and alteration of the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). This article provides a brief review about the history of the use of DSF in humans and its molecular mechanisms and targets of anticancer therapy, describes DSF delivery strategies for cancer treatment, summarizes completed and ongoing cancer clinical trials involving DSF, and offers strategies to better use DSF in cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiazhen Zhu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Q Ping Dou
- Departments of Oncology, Pharmacology and Pathology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Huanjie Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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15
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Jin X, Xu L, Guan Y, Zhang Z, Li H. Bioinformatics Analysis of Microarray Datasets to Identify Prognostic Factors in Lung Adenocarcinoma. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:965-974. [PMID: 32330391 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) present high recurrence rate and poor prognosis after therapy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors involved in LUAD. Five microarray datasets (including GSE75037, GSE63459, GSE43458, GSE32863, and GSE10072) were downloaded. After data preprocessing and quality control, meta-analysis was performed to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using the MetaDE.ES method in MetaDE package. Subsequently, network construction and module identification were conducted by the Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis method. Moreover, survival-associated genes were identified using the univariate and multivariate Cox regression method in survival package. The risk score model was constructed by prognosis associated genes, followed by the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Oncomine expressions analysis of several prognosis associated genes was conducted. The expression levels of key genes were detected using quantitative real-time PCR experiments. A total of 1434 DEGs between LUAD and normal samples were identified. Nine disease-associated modules were identified, in which M8 module was most correlated with LAUD phenotype. A total of 89 indicators (including T stage, M stage, and ADIPOR2) were significantly associated with LAUD prognosis, while only T stage and 9 DEGs (e.g., ARHGEF3, GTSE1, RBM15 and CD52) were retained as the potential prognostic factors following multivariate COX regression analysis. The upregulated adiponectin receptor 2 (ADIPOR2), rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (ARHGEF3), and CD52 molecule (CD52), and downregulated GTSE1 were validated in LAUD samples of Oncomine database. Importantly, ADIPOR2 and ARHGEF3 were confirmed to be down-regulated in LUAD tissues. ADIPOR2, ARHGEF3, G2 and S-phase expressed 1 (GTSE1) and CD52 might be promising prognostic factors in LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Jin
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yinghui Guan
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- PICU, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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16
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Raymond AC, Gao B, Girard L, Minna JD, Gomika Udugamasooriya D. Unbiased peptoid combinatorial cell screen identifies plectin protein as a potential biomarker for lung cancer stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14954. [PMID: 31628412 PMCID: PMC6802198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumors often contain a small subset of drug-resisting, self-renewing, and highly metastatic cells called tumor initiating cells or cancer stem cells (CSCs). To develop new approaches to detecting and targeting lung cancer CSCs, we applied an "unbiased" peptoid combinatorial cell screen to identify highly specific ligands that bind a CSC subpopulation of non-small cell lung cancer cells (defined by Aldefluor positivity), but not the remaining aldefluor negative cancer cells from the same preclinical model. One of the 'hit' peptoids bound to plectin, a structural protein, predominantly expressed intracellularly, but whose localization on the cell surface is linked to tumor invasion and metastasis. Our studies show both genotypic and phenotypic correlations between plectin and lung CSCs, as well as association of high plectin mRNA expression with poor patient survival in lung adenocarcinoma, potentially identifying plectin as a biomarker for lung CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Raymond
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA
| | - Boning Gao
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Luc Girard
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - John D Minna
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - D Gomika Udugamasooriya
- Department of Pharmacological & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, 4849 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX, 77204-5037, USA.
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1881 East Road, Houston, TX, 77030-4009, USA.
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17
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ALDH1 expression correlates with an epithelial-like phenotype and favorable prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma: a study based on immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression data. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 145:1427-1436. [PMID: 30923946 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-02906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer stem cells (CSC) and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) pathways are crucial for cancer progression. However, synergistic interactions between CSC and EMT are not clear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The objective of this study was to investigate CSC markers such as CD44, NANOG, and ALDH1 expression and its correlation with EMT markers in NSCLC patients. Its association with survival was also determined. METHODS CD44, NANOG, and ALDH1 protein expression was evaluated in 267 resected NSCLC and its correlation with e-cadherin, β-catenin, p120 catenin, vimentin, SNAIL, and TWIST expressions was determined based on immunohistochemical and mRNA expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Survival analyses also were performed based on immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression data from Gene Expression Omnibus dataset. RESULTS ALDH1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma was positively correlated with the epithelial-like phenotype, low vimentin and low TWIST in immunohistochemical and mRNA expression data. NANOG and ALDH1 expressions measured by immunohistochemical and mRNA expression profiling data of adenocarcinomas were associated with a favorable prognosis. ALDH1 was an independent favorable prognostic marker for overall survival or recurrence-free survival in adenocarcinoma (P = 0.026 and P = 0.033, respectively). The epithelial-like phenotype expressing P120-catenin and beta-catenin was associated with a favorable prognosis; however, the TWIST-expressing mesenchymal-like phenotype was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. CONCLUSIONS NANOG and ALDH1 protein or mRNA expression showed improved prognosis in adenocarcinoma alone. ALDH1 expression correlated with an epithelial-like phenotype.
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18
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Li L, Wang Y, Jiao L, Lin C, Lu C, Zhang K, Hu C, Ye J, Zhang D, Wu H, Feng M, He Y. Protective autophagy decreases osimertinib cytotoxicity through regulation of stem cell-like properties in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 452:191-202. [PMID: 30910592 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor - tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), shows great efficacy in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the resistance is inevitable. Osimertinib induces autophagy in NSCLC cells, but the role of autophagy in osimertinib resistance is not clear. We discovered that enhanced autophagy is associated with osimertinib resistance in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of autophagy enhanced osimertinib cytotoxicity in both osimertinib-resistant and sensitive cells. Moreover, osimertinib-resistant cells exhibited stem cell-like properties, whereas autophagy inhibition decreased the stemness by downregulating the expression of SOX2 and ALDH1A1. Further, we found that knockdown of Beclin-1 inhibited the stem cell-like properties and restored osimertinib cytotoxicity. Osimertinib combined with chloroquine inhibited tumor growth more effectively than alone in xenograft mice. These results reveal that autophagy plays an adverse role in osimertinib cytotoxicity through inducing stem cell-like properties. Combination therapy of EGFR-TKI and autophagy inhibitor could provide a promising strategy to improve osimertinib cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yubo Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Caiyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Conghua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Kejun Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Junyi Ye
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, 510300, China
| | - Dadong Zhang
- The Research and Development Institute of Precision Medicine, 3D Medicine Inc., Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- OrigiMed Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 201114, China
| | - Mingxia Feng
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yong He
- Department of Respiratory Disease, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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19
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Yang YG, Koh YW, Sari IN, Jun N, Lee S, Phi LTH, Kim KS, Wijaya YT, Lee SH, Baek MJ, Jeong D, Kwon HY. Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1-mediated EGFR/SOX2 signaling axis is essential for progression of non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2020-2032. [PMID: 30318841 PMCID: PMC6587945 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Emerging data indicate that interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) plays an important role in many cancers. However, it remains unclear whether IFITM1 is functionally indispensable in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, using NSCLC cell lines and patient‐derived samples, we show that IFITM1 is essentially required for the progression of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. Specifically, IFITM1 depletion resulted in a significant reduction in sphere formation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells in vitro; these events were inversely correlated with the ectopic expression of IFITM1. In addition, tumor development was significantly impaired in the absence of IFITM1 in vivo. Mechanistically, epidermal growth factor receptor/sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 (EGFR/SOX2) signaling axis was compromised in the absence of IFITM1, and the ectopic expression of SOX2 partially rescued the defects caused by IFITM1 depletion. More importantly, using 226 patient‐derived samples, we demonstrate that a high level of IFITM1 expression is associated with a poor overall survival (OS) rate in adenocarcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma. Collectively, these data suggest that IFITM1 is a poor prognostic marker of adenocarcinoma and an attractive target to develop novel therapeutics for NSCLC. What's new? Interferon response genes play key roles in pathogen defense but emerging evidence also link them with cancer. The authors report that interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) critically regulates epidermal growth factor receptor‐mediated signaling in nonsmall lung cancer models and is associated with a poor prognosis of patients with adenocarcinoma. This expands the function of this innate defense factor and might lead to improved clinical management of individuals afflicted with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Gui Yang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wha Koh
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ita Novita Sari
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayoung Jun
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Lan Thi Hanh Phi
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seock Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoseph Toni Wijaya
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Jun Baek
- Department of surgery, College of medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyog Young Kwon
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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20
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Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Unraveling the journey of cancer stem cells from origin to metastasis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1871:50-63. [PMID: 30419314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer biology research over recent decades has given ample evidence for the existence of self-renewing and drug-resistant populations within heterogeneous tumors, widely recognized as cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, a lack of clear understanding about the origin, existence, maintenance, and metastatic roles of CSCs limit efforts towards the development of CSC-targeted therapy. In this review, we describe novel avenues of current CSC biology. In addition to cell fusion and horizontal gene transfer, CSCs are originated by mutations in somatic or differentiated cancer cells, resulting in de-differentiation and reprogramming. Recent studies also provided evidence for the existence of distinct or heterogeneous CSC populations within a single heterogeneous tumor. Our analysis of the literature also opens the doors for a novel hypothesis that CSC populations with specific phenotypes, metabolic profiles, and clonogenic potential metastasize to specific organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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21
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Jiang P, Xu H, Xu C, Chen A, Chen L, Zhou M, Haq IU, Wu X, Mariyam Z, Feng Q. NEAT1 contributes to the CSC-like traits of A549/CDDP cells via activating Wnt signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 296:154-161. [PMID: 30291867 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to exert crucial roles in tumorigenesis and can serve as novel biomarkers for cancer therapy including lung cancer. Cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but the therapeutic effect is unsatisfactory, partly due to drug resistance. Emerging evidence showed that chemo-resistance is associated with acquisition of cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties. Cisplatin resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of lung cancer, and its mechanism is still not fully elucidated. Meanwhile, CSCs have been involved in tumor metastasis, tumor recurrence and chemotherapy resistance. So far, the mechanism of nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in modulating CSCs in lung cancer remains barely known. Therefore, we aimed to explore the correlation between NEAT1 and cancer stem cells in lung cancer. In our current study, we observed that CSC-like traits were much more enriched in cisplatin-resistant A549/CDDP cells. In addition, NEAT1 was obviously up-regulated in A549/CDDP cells compared with parental A549 cells. Knockdown of NEAT1 decreased the CSC-like properties of A549/CDDP cells through inhibiting tumor cell sphere volume, repressing CSC-like biomarkers levels and restraining CD44 positive cell ratios. Oppositely, overexpression of NEAT1 enhanced the stemness respectively. Moreover, it has been reported that Wnt pathway is implicated in many vital cellular functions including cancer stem cells. Here, it was exhibited that Wnt signal pathway was inactivated by knockdown of NEAT1 whereas activated by NEAT1 overexpression in A549/CDDP cells. Taken these together, it was indicated that NEAT1 could exert a novel biological role in NSCLC chemo-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuyue Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aochang Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ijaz Ul Haq
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyue Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zahula Mariyam
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Key Laboratory of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Tamatani T, Takamaru N, Ohe G, Akita K, Nakagawa T, Miyamoto Y. Expression of CD44, CD44v9, ABCG2, CD24, Bmi-1 and ALDH1 in stage I and II oral squamous cell carcinoma and their association with clinicopathological factors. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1133-1140. [PMID: 29963189 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit self-replication, self-differentiation, drug resistance and immune evasion activities. In recent years CSCs have become increasingly important for the treatment of malignant tumors. CSCs express specific markers, including cluster of differentiation (CD)44, CD44 variant 9 (CD44v9), ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), CD24, B lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 homolog (BMI-1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1). However, the prognostic value of their expression in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are not well known. The present study evaluated these markers in stage I and II patients with OSCC and examined the association between T classification, histological differentiation, classification of invasion mode, lymph node metastasis and disease-free survival rate. Tissue specimens were obtained from 70 patients with stage I or II OSCC following either surgery or biopsy. Immunohistochemistry was performed and positive staining was defiend as 10% positive cells. CD44 and CD44v9 expressions were strongly detected in all OSCC tissues compared with normal epithelial cells. A total of 22 (31.4%) cases expressed ABCG2 and there was a significant association between ABCG2 expression and invasion. A total of 41 cases (59.0%) expressed CD24 and there was a significant association between CD24 expression and invasion. A total of 33 cases (47.1%) expressed BMI-1 and there was a significant association between BMI-1 expression and the disease-free survival rate. A total of 18 cases (25.7%) expressed ALDH1. Although there was no association between ALDH1 expression and T classification, there were significant associations between ALDH1 expression and histological differentiation, invasion mode, metastasis and the disease-free survival rate. Multivariate analysis revealed that ALDH1 expression was the only prognostic factor for disease-free survival rate. The results of the present study suggest that the positivity of ALDH1 detected in patients with OSCC correlates with the number of cells undergoing epithelial mesenchymal transition and metastasis. These findings indicated that the expression of ALDH1 may be an effective prognostic marker indicating the survival of patients with stage I and II OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tamatani
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Natsumi Takamaru
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Go Ohe
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuya Akita
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
| | - Youji Miyamoto
- Department of Oral Surgery, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan
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23
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Chen E, Zeng Z, Bai B, Zhu J, Song Z. The prognostic value of CSCs biomarker CD133 in NSCLC: a meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:56526-56539. [PMID: 27489355 PMCID: PMC5302932 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of cancer stem cells (CSCs) marker CD133 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis of 32 eligible studies to clarify the prognostic value of CD133 and provide evidence for CSCs hypothesis. We calculated pooled hazard ratio (HR) for survival outcomes and pooled odds ratio (OR) for clinical parameters associated with CD133 in total 3595 NSCLC patients by STATA. Our results showed that NSCLC patients with higher CD133 expression had shorter overall survival time only in Asian patients (HR = 3.80, 95% CI: 3.12-4.04, p < 0.001; I2 = 32%) but not in Caucasian patients (HR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.88-1.52, p = 0.307; I2 = 0%), suggesting that differential prognostic value of CD133 in distinct ethnic group. We speculated that the intrinsic EGFR gene status of CSCs might be responsible for this racial difference. Additionally, we found that higher expression of CD133 was associated with poor differentiation (OR = 2.03, 95% CI: 1.32-3.14, p = 0.001) and lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.62-3.52, p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference of CD133 expression between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 0.93-1.38, p = 0.3) in NSCLC patients. These results may provide a new therapeutic perspective on the treatment of NSCLC patients according to the expression of CD133 in distinct ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engeng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zhiru Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, P.R. China
| | - Bingjun Bai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Zhangfa Song
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, 310016, P.R. China
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24
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Del Re M, Arrigoni E, Restante G, Passaro A, Rofi E, Crucitta S, De Marinis F, Di Paolo A, Danesi R. Concise Review: Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: The Role of Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2018; 36:633-640. [PMID: 29352734 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the potential mechanisms involved in resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in non-small cell lung cancer, the manifestation of stem-like properties in cancer cells seems to have a crucial role. Alterations involved in the development of TKI resistance may be acquired in a very early phase of tumorigenesis, supporting the hypothesis that these aberrations may be present in cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this regard, the characterization of tumor subclones in the initial phase and the identification of the CSCs may be helpful in planning a specific treatment to target selected biomarkers, suppress tumor growth, and prevent drug resistance. The aim of this review is to elucidate the role of CSCs in the development of resistance to TKIs and its implication for the management of patients. Stem Cells 2018;36:633-640.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Elena Arrigoni
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuliana Restante
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonio Passaro
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Rofi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Crucitta
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo De Marinis
- Division of Thoracic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello Di Paolo
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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25
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Wang F, Wang W, Li J, Zhang J, Wang X, Wang M. Sulforaphane reverses gefitinib tolerance in human lung cancer cells via modulation of sonic hedgehog signaling. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:109-114. [PMID: 29285189 PMCID: PMC5738694 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gefitinib is a targeted anticancer drug that was developed as an effective clinical therapy for lung cancer. Numerous patients develop gefitinib resistance in response to treatment. Sulforaphane (SFN) is present in cruciferous vegetables, and has been demonstrated to inhibit the malignant growth of various types of cancer cells. To investigate the role of SFN in gefitinib resistance, a gefitinib-tolerant PC9 (PC9GT) cell model was established by continually exposing PC9 cells to gefitinib. Cell viability was measured using a cell proliferation assay. Components of the sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway and markers of lung cancer stem cells were detected via western blotting. SFN markedly inhibited the proliferation of PC9GT and PC9 cells in a dose-dependent manner; combination SFN/gefitinib treatment also markedly decreased PC9GT cell proliferation, compared with SFN or gefitinib administered alone (P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of SHH, Smoothened (SMO), zinc finger protein GLI1 (GLI1), GLI2, CD133 and CD44 were upregulated in PC9GT cells, as compared with in PC9 cells. Furthermore, SFN markedly inhibited the expression of SHH, SMO and GLI1 in PC9GT and PC9 cells in a dose dependent manner, and SFN combined with gefitinib markedly inhibited the expression of SHH, SMO, GLI1, CD133 and CD44 in PC9GT cells when compared with SFN or gefitinib monotherapy. The results of the present study demonstrated that SFN inhibits the proliferation of gefitinib-tolerant lung cancer cells via modulation of the SHH signaling pathway. Therefore, combined SFN and gefitinib therapy may be an effective approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine in Henan Province, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Sun Yat-sen Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Junpeng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
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26
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MiR-410 induces stemness by inhibiting Gsk3β but upregulating β-catenin in non-small cells lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11356-11371. [PMID: 28076327 PMCID: PMC5355270 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous research indicated miR-410 played a critical role in promoting the tumorigenesis and development of NSCLC (non-small cells lung cancer). MiR-410 has been recently reported to be crucial for development and differentiation of embryonic stem cells. But it remains elusive whether miR-410 stimulates the stemness of cancer until now. Herein, we identify miR-410 induces the stemness and is associated with the progression of NSCLC. We demonstrate miR-410 increases the levels of stem cells marker Sox2, Oct4, Nanog, CXCR4 as well as lung cancer stem cells surface marker CD44 and CD166. MiR-410 promotes stem cells-like properties such as proliferation, sphere formation, metastasis and chemoresistance. Moreover, Gsk3β is directly targeted and post-transcriptionally downregulated by miR-410. Also, the expression levels of miR-410 and Gsk3β may be correlated to clinicopathological differentiation in NSCLC tumor specimens. Additionally, we demonstrate miR-410 induces stemness through inhibiting Gsk3β but increasing Sox2, Oct4, Nanog and CXCR4, which binds to β-catenin signaling. In conclusion, our findings identify the miR-410/Gsk3β/β-catenin signaling axis is a novel molecular circuit in inducing stemness of NSCLC.
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27
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Tang S, Hu K, Sun J, Li Y, Guo Z, Liu M, Liu Q, Zhang F, Gu N. High Quality Multicellular Tumor Spheroid Induction Platform Based on Anisotropic Magnetic Hydrogel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:10446-10452. [PMID: 28247762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, multicellular spheroid (MCS) culture has been extensively studied both in fundamental research and application fields since it inherits much more characteristics from in vivo solid tumor than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. However, anticell adhesive MCS culture systems such as hanging drop allow certain cell lines only to form loose, irregular aggregates rather than MCS with physiological barriers and pathophysiological gradients, which failed to mimic in vivo solid tumor in these aspects. To address this issue, we improved our previously established anisotropic magnetic hydrogel platform, enabling it to generate multicellular spheroids with higher efficiency. The qualities of multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) obtained on our platform and from classic 3D culture systems were compared in terms of morphology, biological molecule expression profiles, and drug resistance. In this novel platform, mature MCTSs with necrotic cores could be observed in 1 week. And results of molecular biological assays with real time-PCR and western-blot confirmed that MCTSs obtained from our platform performed higher cell pluripotency than those obtained from the hanging drop system. Moreover, a lower cell apoptosis ratio and better viability of cancer cells were observed on our platform both under culturing and drug treatment. In conclusion, higher quality of MCTSs obtained from this anisotropic magnetic hydrogel than classic hanging drop system validate its potential to be an in vitro platform of inducing tumor MCTS formation and drug efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Hu
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Device, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianfei Sun
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Device, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Device, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhaobin Guo
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Device, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210029, China
| | | | | | | | - Ning Gu
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Device, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing 210029, China
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28
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Abstract
Lung cancer remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with unfavourable prognosis mainly due to the late stage of disease at presentation. High incidence and disease recurrence rates are a fact despite advances in treatment. Ongoing experimental and clinical observations suggest that the malignant phenotype in lung cancer is sustained by lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) which are putative stem cells situated throughout the airways that have the potential of initiating lung cancer formation. These cells share the common characteristic of increased proliferation and differentiation, long life span and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. This review summarises the current knowledge on their characteristics and phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Hardavella
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College, London, UK ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rachel George
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College, London, UK ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tariq Sethi
- 1 Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, King's College, London, UK ; 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, King's College Hospital, London, UK
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29
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Hanssen A, Wagner J, Gorges TM, Taenzer A, Uzunoglu FG, Driemel C, Stoecklein NH, Knoefel WT, Angenendt S, Hauch S, Atanackovic D, Loges S, Riethdorf S, Pantel K, Wikman H. Characterization of different CTC subpopulations in non-small cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28010. [PMID: 27302574 PMCID: PMC4908396 DOI: 10.1038/srep28010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) serve as valuable biomarkers. However, EpCAM positive CTCs are less frequently detected in NSCLC patients compared to other epithelial tumours. First, EpCAM protein expression was analysed in primary and metastatic lung cancer tissue. In both groups 21% of the samples were EpCAM negative. Second, the CellSearch system identified 15% of patients (n = 48) as CTC positive whereas a multiplex RT-PCR for PIK3CA, AKT2, TWIST, and ALDH1 following EGFR, HER2 and EpCAM based enrichment detected CTCs in 29% of the patients. Interestingly, 86% of CTC positive patients were found to express ALDH1. Only 11% of the patients were CTC-positive by both techniques. CTC positivity was associated with patient disease state when assessed by the multiplex RT-PCR assay (p = 0.015). Patients harbouring tumours with an altered EGFR genotype were more frequently CTC-positive compared to patients with EGFR wildtype tumours. In subsets of patients, CTCs were found to express genes involved in resistance to therapy such as HER3 and MET. In conclusion, using multiple targets for CTC capture and identification increases the sensitivity of CTC detection in NSCLC patients, which can be explained by the presence of different CTC subtypes with distinct molecular features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annkathrin Hanssen
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Tobias M Gorges
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aline Taenzer
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité University Hospital Berlin, Germany
| | - Faik G Uzunoglu
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christiane Driemel
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nikolas H Stoecklein
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfram T Knoefel
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Angenendt
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Djordje Atanackovic
- Department of Internal Medicine II and Clinic (Oncology Centre), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine II and Clinic (Oncology Centre), University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Riethdorf
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Harriet Wikman
- Department of Tumour Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Polymorphisms of the Stem Cell Marker Gene CD133 and the Risk of Lung Cancer in Chinese Population. Lung 2016; 194:393-400. [PMID: 27130457 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-016-9876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the association of functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CD133 with the risk of lung cancer. METHODS We conducted a hospital-based, case-control study of 1017 lung cancer patients and 1035 cancer-free controls frequency-matched by age and sex. Four functional CD133 SNPs (rs2240688 A > C, rs10022537 T > A, rs7686732 C > G, and rs3130 C > T) were selected and genotyped. Unconditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to evaluate the associations of genotypes of CD133 SNPs with lung cancer risk. RESULTS Compared with rs2240688 AA genotype, the variant AC/CC genotypes were associated with a statistically increased risk of lung cancer under a recessive model (adjusted odds ratio 1.19; 95 % confidence interval 1.01-1.42). The risk remained in patients with other histology types, but not with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancers. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that SNP rs2240688 A > C of CD133 may be a potential biomarker for genetic susceptibility to lung cancer, but require further research with larger populations.
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31
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Kumar S, Chaudhary AK, Kumar R, O'Malley J, Dubrovska A, Wang X, Yadav N, Goodrich DW, Chandra D. Combination therapy induces unfolded protein response and cytoskeletal rearrangement leading to mitochondrial apoptosis in prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2016; 10:949-65. [PMID: 27106131 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of therapeutic resistance is responsible for most prostate cancer (PCa) related mortality. Resistance has been attributed to an acquired or selected cancer stem cell phenotype. Here we report the histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin (APC) or ER stressor thapsigargin (TG) potentiate paclitaxel (TXL)-induced apoptosis in PCa cells and limit accumulation of cancer stem cells. TXL-induced responses were modulated in the presence of TG with increased accumulation of cells at G1-phase, rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, and changes in cytokine release. Cytoskeletal rearrangement was associated with modulation of the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial unfolded protein response leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and release of proapoptotic proteins from mitochondria. TXL in combination with APC or TG enhanced caspase activation. Importantly, TXL in combination with TG induced caspase activation and apoptosis in X-ray resistant LNCaP cells. Increased release of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was observed while phosphorylated β-catenin level was suppressed with TXL combination treatments. This was accompanied by a decrease in the CD44(+)CD133(+) cancer stem cell-like population, suggesting treatment affects cancer stem cell properties. Taken together, combination treatment with TXL and either APC or TG induces efficient apoptosis in both proliferating and cancer stem cells, suggesting this therapeutic combination may overcome drug resistance and recurrence in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Ajay K Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Fetscherstrasse, Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Dresden and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xinjiang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - David W Goodrich
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Yang J, Chen J, He J, Li J, Shi J, Cho WC, Liu X. Wnt signaling as potential therapeutic target in lung cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2016; 20:999-1015. [PMID: 26882052 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2016.1154945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Wingless-type (Wnt) signaling is tightly regulated at multiple cellular levels and is dysregulated in lung cancer. Therefore, it offers therapeutic targets for developing novel agents for lung cancer treatment. AREAS COVERED In this article, we discuss the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in lung cancer, highlighting the aberrant activation of Wnt in lung cancer stem cells and its implication in resistance to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy. We also expound the regulatory roles of microRNAs in Wnt signaling, as well as the potential of the Wnt pathway to provide biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer. The potential use of small molecule and biological inhibitors targeting the Wnt pathway for lung cancer therapy and prevention is also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Wnt signaling plays an important role in the development and metastasis of lung cancer; the pathway provides targets to develop agents towards for cancer prevention and therapy. A number of clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of Wnt pathway inhibitors in epithelial tumors. However, the side effects should be considered. Nevertheless, the results from clinical studies suggest that inhibitors targeting the Wnt signaling show promise against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yang
- a Ningxia Key laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology , Center of Laboratory Medicine of General Hospital at Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia 750004 , China
| | - Juan Chen
- b Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine , General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
| | - Jinxi He
- c Department of Thoracic Surgery , General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
| | - Jing Li
- c Department of Thoracic Surgery , General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
| | - Juan Shi
- a Ningxia Key laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology , Center of Laboratory Medicine of General Hospital at Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia 750004 , China
| | - William C Cho
- d Department of Clinical Oncology , Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- a Ningxia Key laboratory of Clinical and Pathogenic Microbiology , Center of Laboratory Medicine of General Hospital at Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia 750004 , China.,e Human Stem Cell Institute, General Hospital, Ningxia Medical University , Yinchuan , Ningxia , China
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Abstract
Based on an analysis of a large number of sources of literature, the paper gives general information on the markers for cancer stem cells (CSCs), which allow the detection of this rare cell subpopulation, on the possibilities of estimating their immunohistochemical or immunofluorescent expression in tumors, and on the prognostic and predictive values of these molecules. For their detection, investigators generally use definite molecules, the so-called markers of CSCs, among which there are CD44, CD133, CD24, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and others. The expression of these molecules in the tumor tissue obtained from patients affects survival rates and permits the prediction of a response to therapy. A better insight into the immunophenotype of CSCs, the role of CSC markers in retaining the special properties of this call population, and the clinical significance of the expression of CSC markers will be able to elaborate new approaches to therapy for malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Puchinskaya
- Belarusian State Medical University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
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Chung LY, Tang SJ, Wu YC, Sun GH, Liu HY, Sun KH. Galectin-3 augments tumor initiating property and tumorigenicity of lung cancer through interaction with β-catenin. Oncotarget 2016; 6:4936-52. [PMID: 25669973 PMCID: PMC4467125 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are comprised of a rare sub-population of cells in tumors that have been proposed to be responsible for high recurrence rates and resistance to chemotherapy. Galectins are highly expressed in cancers that correlate with the aggressiveness of tumors. Galectins may also promote the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. However, the role of galectins in CSCs remains unknown. In this study, sphere formation was used to enrich H1299 human lung CSCs that had self-renewal ability, advanced tumorigenic potential, and that highly expressed stem/progenitor cell markers such as Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and CD133. A novel candidate molecule, galectin-3, for stemness was found in lung CSCs. The expression of galectin-3 robustly increased in lung cancer spheres over serial passages, but its suppression in the H1299 monolayer or spheres resulted in reduced expression of stemness-related genes, sphere-forming ability, tumorigenicity, chemoresistance, and tumor initiation in mice. Notably, the overexpression of galectin-3 in A549 lung cancer cells, which have low capability to grow as tumor spheres, promoted CSC formation. β-catenin activity was increased in H1299 spheres and counteracted by galectin-3 suppression. Thus, galectin-3 may act as a cofactor by interacting with β-catenin to augment the transcriptional activities of stemness-related genes. Furthermore, galectin-3 expression correlated with tumor progression and expressions of β-catenin and CSC marker CD133 in lung cancer tissues. Targeting galectin-3 signaling may provide a new strategy for lung cancer treatment by inhibiting stem-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yen Chung
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, and Immunity and Inflammation Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shye-Jye Tang
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ching Wu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, and Immunity and Inflammation Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Guang-Huan Sun
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huan-Yun Liu
- Division of Urology Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Hui Sun
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, and Immunity and Inflammation Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Bi Y, Meng Y, Wu H, Cui Q, Luo Y, Xue X. Expression of the potential cancer stem cell markers CD133 and CD44 in medullary thyroid carcinoma: A ten-year follow-up and prognostic analysis. J Surg Oncol 2016; 113:144-51. [PMID: 26799258 DOI: 10.1002/jso.24124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To investigate the expression profiles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers CD133 and CD44 in a cohort of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients, and their prognostic values during 10-year follow-up. METHODS MTC samples were obtained for H&E and immunohistochemical analysis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS Both the CD133 and CD44 positives were higher in MTC than control. High expression of CD133 and CD44 was positively correlated with capsule invasion and each other, and their co-expression was significantly correlated with capsule invasion, tissue invasion, and metastases at surgery. Tumor size, capsular invasion, tissue invasion, metastases at surgery, surgical plan, lymph node metastases, TNM stage, CD133, and CD44 were prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and/or disease free survival (DFS). Both the CD133 and CD44 were unfavorable prognostic predictors for OS (P = 0.046, P = 0.03), while only CD44 was a significant predictor for DFS (P = 0.017). OS rate in CD133/CD44 co-expression group was significantly lower than that in non-co-expression group (χ(2) = 8.44, P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Our study suggested the high expression of CD133 and CD44 in the MTC, and CD133 and CD44 expressions were correlated with capsule invasion and with OS. CD133 and/or CD44 may be prognostic factors for OS and/or DFS in our MTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Bi
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yunxiao Meng
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Quancai Cui
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Xue
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wubetu GY, Shimada M, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Ishikawa D, Iwahashi S, Yamada S, Saito Y, Arakawa Y, Imura S. Epigallocatechin gallate hinders human hepatoma and colon cancer sphere formation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:256-64. [PMID: 26241688 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The long-term survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma remains unsatisfactory because of the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for tumor recurrence and chemoresistance after hepatectomy. Drugs that selectively target CSCs thus offer great promise for cancer treatment. Although the antitumor effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been reported in some cancer cells, its effects on CSCs remain poorly studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of EGCG on human hepatoma and colon CSCs. METHODS HepG2 and HCT-116 cell lines were enriched by sphere formation, and their gene-expression profiles were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. EGCG-induced growth inhibition in the parental cells was determined by WST-8 assay, and protein expression was assessed by western blotting. Cell cycle profile and apoptosis analysis was performed using flow cytometer. RESULTS Sphere-derived cells grown in serum-free, nonadherent cultures showed increased expression of stem cell markers, Nek2, and ATP-binding cassette transporter genes, compared with parental cells grown in conventional culture. EGCG induced growth inhibition in the parental cells in a dose-dependent manner. EGCG also inhibited self-renewal in hepatoma and colon CSCs, attenuated the expression of stem cell markers and ATP-binding cassette transporter genes, which are putative molecules associated with treatment resistance in CSCs, and decreased the transcription of Nek2 and p-Akt, resulting in the inhibition of Akt signaling. EGCG also altered cell cycle profile and apoptosis, which may in part play an important role in EGCG-induced cancer cell death. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results suggest that EGCG could be a useful chemopreventive agent for targeting hepatocellular carcinoma and colon CSCs, in combination with standard chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizachew Y Wubetu
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Daichi Ishikawa
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Iwahashi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yusuke Arakawa
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Satoru Imura
- Department of Surgery, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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37
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Su J, Wu S, Wu H, Li L, Guo T. CD44 is functionally crucial for driving lung cancer stem cells metastasis through Wnt/β-catenin-FoxM1-Twist signaling. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:1962-1973. [PMID: 26621583 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifei Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The 2nd Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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38
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Abstract
Over the last decade, compelling evidence has shown that cancer stem cells (CSCs) exist in a variety of malignancies. The conventional method for anticancer therapy involves targeting only the proliferating mitotic cells, sparing the slow-cycling cells that eventually evade chemotherapy and become a source of post therapy relapses. With the increasing awareness of CSCs supported by sophisticated experimental evidence, therapeutic strategies today are aimed at selectively identifying and targeting CSCs using biomarkers. The ability to identify CSCs allows targeted elimination of these cancer-initiating cells. Herein, we discuss CSC markers in the context of different types of cancers, their significance in selectively identifying CSCs and the therapeutic implications of using these biomarkers to prevent invasion and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Murar
- Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, District: Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis School of Biomedical Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis International University (SIU), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Gram: Lavale, Taluka: Mulshi, District: Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
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Dittmer J. The role of the transcription factor Ets1 in carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:20-38. [PMID: 26392377 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ets1 belongs to the large family of the ETS domain family of transcription factors and is involved in cancer progression. In most carcinomas, Ets1 expression is linked to poor survival. In breast cancer, Ets1 is primarily expressed in the triple-negative subtype, which is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Ets1 contributes to the acquisition of cancer cell invasiveness, to EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), to the development of drug resistance and neo-angiogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the functions of Ets1 in carcinoma progression and on the mechanisms that regulate Ets1 activity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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40
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Zhou N, Wang R, Zhang Y, Lei Z, Zhang X, Hu R, Li H, Mao Y, Wang X, Irwin DM, Niu G, Tan H. Staurosporine Induced Apoptosis May Activate Cancer Stem-Like Cells (CD44(+)/CD24(-)) in MCF-7 by Upregulating Mucin1 and EpCAM. J Cancer 2015; 6:1049-57. [PMID: 26366219 PMCID: PMC4565855 DOI: 10.7150/jca.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors recur after chemotherapy. A small population of cancer stem-like cells within tumors is now generally considered the prime source of the recurrence. To better understand how cancer stem-like cells induce relapse after fractionated chemotherapy, we examined changes in the CD44(+)/CD24(-) cancer stem-like cells population and behavior using the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Our results show that apart from an increase in the CD44(+)/CD24(-) population, proliferation and clone formation, but not migration, were enhanced after recovery from apoptosis induced by two pulses of staurosporine (STS). The distribution of cells in the cell cycle differed between acutely induced apoptosis and fractionated chemotherapy. Sorted CD44(+)/CD24(-) stem-like cells from MCF-7 cells recovered from STS treatment possessed greater proliferation abilities. We also observed that mucin1 (MUC1) and Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) were up-regulated in abundance coincidently with proliferation and clone formation enhancement. Our findings suggest that fractionated chemotherapy induced apoptosis could stimulate cancer stem-like cell to behave with a stronger malignant property than cancer cells themselves and MUC1 and EpCAM are important factors involving in this process. By demonstrating changes in cancer stem cell during chemotherapy and identifying the crucial factors, we potentially can target them, to eradicate tumors and overcome cancer relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Wang
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yizhuang Zhang
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhen Lei
- 2. Beijing N&N Genetech Company, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ruobi Hu
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hui Li
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yiqing Mao
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xi Wang
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - David M Irwin
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; ; 3. Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gang Niu
- 2. Beijing N&N Genetech Company, Beijing, 100082, China
| | - Huanran Tan
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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41
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Roudi R, Korourian A, Shariftabrizi A, Madjd Z. Differential Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Markers ALDH1 and CD133 in Various Lung Cancer Subtypes. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:294-302. [PMID: 26046383 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1034869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are hypothesized to be the main culprit of lung cancer progression. Clinicopathological significance of stem cell markers CD133 and ALDH1 in a large group of lung cancer patients was evaluated. ALDH1 and CD133 had higher expression levels in the NSCLC compared to the SCLC. Over-expression of both ALDH1 and CD133 markers was exclusively found in SCC and ADC. Low level of ALDH1 expression was strongly correlated with poor differentiation in ADC cases. Thus, ALDH1(high)/CD133(high) phenotype can be considered as a CSC marker in some lung cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Roudi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran 1
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Zhang X, Lou Y, Zheng X, Wang H, Sun J, Dong Q, Han B. Wnt blockers inhibit the proliferation of lung cancer stem cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:2399-407. [PMID: 25960639 PMCID: PMC4423515 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s76602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous study has confirmed that the occurrence of Wnt pathway activation is associated with risk of non-small-cell lung cancer recurrence. However, whether the pharmacologic blocking of the Wnt signaling pathway could provide therapeutic possibility remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the therapeutic functions of the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor pyrvinium pamoate (PP) on lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) in vitro. Methods Colony formation and sphere culture were performed to enrich LCSCs from three lung cancer cell lines: PC9, SPC-A1, and A549. After confirming stemness by immunofluorescence, PP was employed for cell viability assay by comparison with three other kinds of Wnt signaling inhibitor: salinomycin, ICG-001, and silibinin. The effect of PP on LCSCs was further verified by colony formation assay and gene expression analysis. Results LCSCs were successfully generated by sphere culture from SPC-A1 and PC9 cells, but not A549 cells. Immunofluorescence assay showed that LCSCs could express pluripotent stem cell markers, including NANOG, Oct4, KLF5, and SOX2, and Wnt signaling pathway molecules β-catenin and MYC. Half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of PP on SPC-A1, PC9, and A549 were 10 nM, 0.44 nM, and 0.21 nM, respectively, which are much lower than those of salinomycin, ICG-001, and silibinin. Moreover, significantly decreased colony formation and downregulation of pluripotent stem cell signaling pathway were observed in lung cancer cells after treatment with PP. Conclusion Wnt signaling inhibitor PP can inhibit proliferation of LCSCs, and the Wnt signaling pathway could be considered a promising therapeutic or interventional target in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Lou
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianggang Dong
- Section of Cancer Stem Cells, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohui Han
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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43
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Wnt signaling regulation of stem-like properties in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Med Oncol 2015; 32:157. [PMID: 25840791 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The refractory pulmonary adenocarcinoma is characterized by its metastasis and resistance to cytotoxic agents. While the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear, the property of chemoresistance may mainly lie in the presence of highly resistant cancer stem cells. We examined the function of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in maintaining cancer stem cells (CSCs) in lung adenocarcinoma. Lentivirus-mediated knockdown of β-catenin expression accelerated cell cycle. Subsequently, β-catenin knockdown PC9 cells improve the sensitivity to chemotherapy. Further focusing on Wnt signal by administrating PP and EGFR-TKIs as Wnt antagonists can decrease metastasis and induce apoptosis. Collectively, these results indicate that Wnt signaling pathway plays an essential role in maintaining highly resistant CSCs, regulation of cell cycle, metastasis and apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma.
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44
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Wei D, Peng JJ, Gao H, Zhang T, Tan Y, Hu YH. ALDH1 Expression and the Prognosis of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung Circ 2015; 24:780-8. [PMID: 25921687 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2015.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) has been identified as a putative cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in lung cancer. However, the clinicopathological and prognostic value of this protein in lung cancer patients remains controversial. Thus, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the clinical and prognostic significance of ALDH1 expression in lung cancer. METHODS An identification and review of publications assessing clinical or prognostic significance of ALDH1 expression in lung cancer until September 1, 2014 was undertaken. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between ALDH1 expression and clinical outcomes. RESULTS A total of 14 publications met the criteria and comprised 1926 cases. Analysis of these data showed that ALDH1 expression was not significantly associated with the patient age (OR = 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-1.50, P=0.52), tumour size (OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.22-2.06, P=0.49), smoking status (OR=1.37, 95% CI: 0.85-2.22, P=0.19), or tumour grade (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 0.83-3.26, P=0.15). However, in the identified studies, ALDH1 expression was highly correlated with lymph node metastasis (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.16-3.34, P=0.01), tumour TNM staging (OR=1.68, 95% CI 1.28-2.22, P=0.0002), decreased overall survival (relative risk [RR]: 1.97,95% CI: 1.16-3.34, P =0.01) and decreased disease free survival (RR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01-2.64, P=0.05). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis shows ALDH1 expression in lung cancer is connected with decreased overall and disease free survival and thus marks a worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wei
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Peng
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Oncology, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China
| | - Yong-He Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, P.R. China.
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Zhang J, Zhang C, Hu L, He Y, Shi Z, Tang S, Chen Y. Abnormal Expression of miR-21 and miR-95 in Cancer Stem-Like Cells is Associated with Radioresistance of Lung Cancer. Cancer Invest 2015; 33:165-71. [PMID: 25831148 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2015.1019676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated that miR-21 and miR-95 expression were significantly higher in the ALDH1(+)CD133(+)subpopulation than in the ALDH1(-)CD133(-) subpopulation of lung cancer cells. Combined delivery of anti-miR-21 and anti-miR-95 by calcium phosphate nanoparticles significantly inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft tumor model and sensitized radiotherapy. The anti-miRNAs significantly reduced miR-21 and miR-95 levels, increased PTEN, SNX1, and SGPP1 protein expression, but reduced Akt Ser(473) and Thr(308) phosphorylation. ALDH1(+)CD133(+) subpopulation of NSCLC tumor cells confers radioresistance due to high expression of miR-21 and miR-95. Targeting inhibition of miR-21 and miR-95 can inhibit tumor growth through elevating PTEN, SNX1, and SGPP1 expression and inhibiting Akt phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zhang
- 1Central South University School of Nursing , Changsha, Hunan , China
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46
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Regulation of miRNAs affects radiobiological response of lung cancer stem cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:851841. [PMID: 25815339 PMCID: PMC4359805 DOI: 10.1155/2015/851841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) is a key therapeutic strategy for lung cancer, the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, but radioresistance often occurs and leads to failure of RT. It is therefore important to clarify the mechanism underlying radioresistance in lung cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered the fundamental reason for radioresistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been regarded as important regulatory molecules of CSCs, carcinogenesis, and treatment response of cancers. It is crucial to clarify how regulation of miRNAs affects repair of DNA damage, redistribution, repopulation, reoxygenation, and radiosensitivity (5R) of lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs). A thorough understanding of the regulation of miRNAs affecting 5R of LCSCs has potential impact on identifying novel targets and thus may improve the efficacy of lung cancer radiotherapy.
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Singh S, Chellappan S. Lung cancer stem cells: Molecular features and therapeutic targets. Mol Aspects Med 2014; 39:50-60. [PMID: 24016594 PMCID: PMC3949216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancers are highly heterogeneous and resistant to available therapeutic agents, with a five year survival rate of less than 15%. Despite significant advances in our knowledge of the genetic alterations and aberrations in signaling pathways, it has been difficult to determine the basis of lung cancer heterogeneity and drug resistance. Cancer stem cell model has attracted a significant amount of attention in recent years as a viable explanation for the heterogeneity, drug resistance, dormancy and recurrence and metastasis of various tumors. At the same time, cancer stem cells have been relatively less characterized in lung cancers. This review summarizes the current understanding of lung cancer stem cells, including their molecular features and signaling pathways that drive their stemness. This review also discusses the potential startegies to inhibit the signaling pathways driving stemness, in an effort to eradicate these cells to combat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Singh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics (NIBMG), TB Hospital Building, 2nd floor, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Srikumar Chellappan
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem-like phenotypes within chitosan-hyaluronan membrane-derived 3D tumor spheroids. Biomaterials 2014; 35:10070-9. [PMID: 25282622 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer drug development has to go through rigorous testing and evaluation processes during pre-clinical in vitro studies. However, the conventional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro culture is often discounted by the insufficiency to present a more typical tumor microenvironment. The multicellular tumor spheroids have been a valuable model to provide more comprehensive assessment of tumor in response to therapeutic strategies. Here, we applied chitosan-hyaluronan (HA) membranes as a platform to promote three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid formation. The biological features of tumor spheroids of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells on chitosan-HA membranes were compared to those of 2D cultured cells in vitro. The cells in tumor spheroids cultured on chitosan-HA membranes showed higher levels of stem-like properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as NANOG, SOX2, CD44, CD133, N-cadherin, and vimentin, than 2D cultured cells. Moreover, they exhibited enhanced invasive activities and multidrug resistance by the upregulation of MMP2, MMP9, BCRC5, BCL2, MDR1, and ABCG2 as compared with 2D cultured cells. The grafting densities of HA affected the tumor sphere size and mRNA levels of genes on the substrates. These evidences suggest that chitosan-HA membranes may offer a simple and valuable biomaterial platform for rapid generation of tumor spheroids in vitro as well as for further applications in cancer stem cell research and cancer drug screening.
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Wang S, Ma S, Li X, Xue Z, Zhang X, Fan W, Nie Y, Wu K, Chen X, Cao F. Attenuation of lung cancer stem cell tumorigenesis and metastasis by cisplatin. Exp Lung Res 2014; 40:404-414. [PMID: 25153512 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2014.938201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of cisplatin on the growth and metastasis abilities of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) via molecular imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression changes of lung CSCs cell marker in A549-Luc-C8 human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line with or without cisplatin treatment were detected by flow cytometry. The tumorigenesis and metastasis abilities of A549-Luc-C8 cells were monitored both in vitro and in vivo, and the mechanism was assessed by gene sequencing. RESULTS About 1%-2% of CSCs were detected in A549-Luc-C8 cells and decreased CSCs percentage was observed after cisplatin treatment. Attenuated tumorigenesis and metastasis abilities of A549-Luc-C8 cells were found in cisplatin treated group. CONCLUSIONS Decreased percentage of CSCs in A549-Luc-C8 cells can be induced by cisplatin treatment, which may partly be attributed to the attenuated expression of growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxu Wang
- Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Cardiology Department, No. 150 Hospital of PLA, LuoYang, Henan, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zengfu Xue
- Digestive Disease Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhang
- Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- Digestive Disease Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaichun Wu
- Digestive Disease Department, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Cardiology Department, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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50
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Vlashi E, Pajonk F. Cancer stem cells, cancer cell plasticity and radiation therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:28-35. [PMID: 25025713 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the first prospective identification of cancer stem cells in solid cancers the cancer stem cell hypothesis has reemerged as a research topic of increasing interest. It postulates that solid cancers are organized hierarchically with a small number of cancer stem cells driving tumor growth, repopulation after injury and metastasis. They give rise to differentiated progeny, which lack these features. The model predicts that for any therapy to provide cure, all cancer stem cells have to be eliminated while the survival of differentiated progeny is less critical. In this review we discuss recent reports challenging the idea of a unidirectional differentiation of cancer cells. These reports provide evidence supporting the idea that non-stem cancer cells exhibit a remarkable degree of plasticity that allows them to re-acquire cancer stem cell traits, especially in the context of radiation therapy. We summarize conditions under which differentiation is reversed and discuss the current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erina Vlashi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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