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Xie C, Li C, Wang F, Zhang F, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang X, Kong X, Ding Z. NAC1 regulates root ground tissue maturation by coordinating with the SCR/SHR-CYCD6;1 module in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:709-725. [PMID: 36809880 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precise spatiotemporal control of the timing and extent of asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) is essential for plant development. In the Arabidopsis root, ground tissue maturation involves an additional ACD of the endodermis that maintains the inner cell layer as the endodermis and generates the middle cortex to the outside. Through regulation of the cell cycle regulator CYCLIND6;1 (CYCD6;1), the transcription factors SCARECROW (SCR) and SHORT-ROOT (SHR) play critical roles in this process. In the present study, we found that loss of function of NAC1, a NAC transcription factor family gene, causes markedly increased periclinal cell divisions in the root endodermis. Importantly, NAC1 directly represses the transcription of CYCD6;1 by recruiting the co-repressor TOPLESS (TPL), creating a fine-tuned mechanism to maintain proper root ground tissue patterning by limiting production of middle cortex cells. Biochemical and genetic analyses further showed that NAC1 physically interacts with SCR and SHR to restrict excessive periclinal cell divisions in the endodermis during root middle cortex formation. Although NAC1-TPL is recruited to the CYCD6;1 promoter and represses its transcription in an SCR-dependent manner, NAC1 and SHR antagonize each other to regulate the expression of CYCD6;1. Collectively, our study provides mechanistic insights into how the NAC1-TPL module integrates with the master transcriptional regulators SCR and SHR to control root ground tissue patterning by fine-tuning spatiotemporal expression of CYCD6;1 in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuantian Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Cuiling Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Junxia Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Xiangpei Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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Tang H, Duijts K, Bezanilla M, Scheres B, Vermeer JEM, Willemsen V. Geometric cues forecast the switch from two- to three-dimensional growth in Physcomitrella patens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1945-1955. [PMID: 31639220 PMCID: PMC7027797 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
During land colonization, plants acquired a range of body plan adaptations, of which the innovation of three-dimensional (3D) tissues increased organismal complexity and reproductivity. In the moss, Physcomitrella patens, a 3D leafy gametophore originates from filamentous cells that grow in a two-dimensional (2D) plane through a series of asymmetric cell divisions. Asymmetric cell divisions that coincide with different cell division planes and growth directions enable the developmental switch from 2D to 3D, but insights into the underlying mechanisms coordinating this switch are still incomplete. Using 2D and 3D imaging and image segmentation, we characterized two geometric cues, the width of the initial cell and the angle of the transition division plane, which sufficiently distinguished a gametophore initial cell from a branch initial cell. These identified cues were further confirmed in gametophore formation mutants. The identification of a fluorescent marker allowed us to successfully predict the gametophore initial cell with > 90% accuracy before morphological changes, supporting our hypothesis that, before the transition division, parental cells of the gametophore initials possess different properties from those of the branch initials. Our results suggest that the cell fate decision of the initial cell is determined in the parental cell, before the transition division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Tang
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PEWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Kilian Duijts
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PEWageningenthe Netherlands
| | | | - Ben Scheres
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
| | - Joop E. M. Vermeer
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular BiologyInstitute of BiologyUniversity of Neuchâtel2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Viola Willemsen
- Laboratory of Plant Developmental BiologyWageningen University & Research6708 PBWageningenthe Netherlands
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Vavrdová T, ˇSamaj J, Komis G. Phosphorylation of Plant Microtubule-Associated Proteins During Cell Division. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:238. [PMID: 30915087 PMCID: PMC6421500 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Progression of mitosis and cytokinesis depends on the reorganization of cytoskeleton, with microtubules driving the segregation of chromosomes and their partitioning to two daughter cells. In dividing plant cells, microtubules undergo global reorganization throughout mitosis and cytokinesis, and with the aid of various microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), they form unique systems such as the preprophase band (PPB), the acentrosomal mitotic spindle, and the phragmoplast. Such proteins include nucleators of de novo microtubule formation, plus end binding proteins involved in the regulation of microtubule dynamics, crosslinking proteins underlying microtubule bundle formation and members of the kinesin superfamily with microtubule-dependent motor activities. The coordinated function of such proteins not only drives the continuous remodeling of microtubules during mitosis and cytokinesis but also assists the positioning of the PPB, the mitotic spindle, and the phragmoplast, affecting tissue patterning by controlling cell division plane (CDP) orientation. The affinity and the function of such proteins is variably regulated by reversible phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues within the microtubule binding domain through a number of protein kinases and phosphatases which are differentially involved throughout cell division. The purpose of the present review is to provide an overview of the function of protein kinases and protein phosphatases involved in cell division regulation and to identify cytoskeletal substrates relevant to the progression of mitosis and cytokinesis and the regulation of CDP orientation.
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Kka N, Rookes J, Cahill D. The influence of ascorbic acid on root growth and the root apical meristem in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 129:323-330. [PMID: 29929127 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cell division is a fundamental biological process governed by molecular networks that are initiated in the apical meristems of plants. l-ascorbic acid (AsA) commonly known as vitamin C is a crucial molecular modulator involved in cell proliferation. In this study, we used AsA application to Arabidopsis and four AsA pathway mutants to investigate the influence of AsA on the root apical meristem (RAM) and root growth. Treatment of seeds of wild-type Col-0 with AsA prior to sowing showed a significant increase in the activity of cell division of the RAM, root growth rate and root length when compared with untreated seeds. Seedlings of the AsA pathway mutant vtc1-1 showed a significant reduction in the level of AsA and a significant increase in the number of quiescent cells in the RAM when compared with Col-0. Cell proliferation was reduced in the AsA pathway mutants vtc1-1, dhar1, vtc5-1, apx1, respectively, however, root growth decreased significantly only in vtc1-1 when compared with Col-0. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels were shown to increase in the AsA pathway mutants, with the highest level of H2O2 found in vtc1-1. AsA is also shown to have an indirect influence in inducing periclinal division as a reduced level was found in vtc1-1. Therefore, in this study, we found that AsA had an influence on cell proliferation and root growth and VTC1 was shown to be a key modulator of H2O2 levels. These findings open the door for further studies to reveal the involvement of AsA in cell proliferation and the interaction between AsA and H2O2 on cell polarity in the RAM and potentially the shoot apical meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Kka
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - James Rookes
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - David Cahill
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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Pillitteri LJ, Guo X, Dong J. Asymmetric cell division in plants: mechanisms of symmetry breaking and cell fate determination. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:4213-4229. [PMID: 27286799 PMCID: PMC5522748 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division is a fundamental mechanism that generates cell diversity while maintaining self-renewing stem cell populations in multicellular organisms. Both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms underpin symmetry breaking and differential daughter cell fate determination in animals and plants. The emerging picture suggests that plants deal with the problem of symmetry breaking using unique cell polarity proteins, mobile transcription factors, and cell wall components to influence asymmetric divisions and cell fate. There is a clear role for altered auxin distribution and signaling in distinguishing two daughter cells and an emerging role for epigenetic modifications through chromatin remodelers and DNA methylation in plant cell differentiation. The importance of asymmetric cell division in determining final plant form provides the impetus for its study in the areas of both basic and applied science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Jo Pillitteri
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Juan Dong
- Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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Berckmans B, Simon R. A Feed-Forward Regulation Sets Cell Fates in Roots. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:373-375. [PMID: 27079491 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Formative cell divisions generate new cell types and tissues during development, and are controlled by receptor kinase signalling pathways. The phosphatase PP2A has now been shown to be both a target and positive regulator of the receptor kinase ACR4, thus creating a feed-forward loop that serves to establish new cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Berckmans
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Simon
- Institute for Developmental Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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