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Rodríguez-Morales D, Aguirre-Jaimes A, García-Franco JG. Effects of Florivory on Floral Visitors and Reproductive Success of Sagittaria lancifolia (Alismataceae) in a Mexican Wetland. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:547. [PMID: 38498564 PMCID: PMC10893147 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Florivores consume floral structures with negative effects on plant fitness and pollinator attraction. Several studies have evaluated these consequences in hermaphroditic plants, but little is known about the effects on monoecious and dioecious species. We characterize the florivory and its effects on floral visitors and reproductive success in a monoecious population of Sagittaria lancifolia. Five categories of florivory were established according to the petal area consumed. Visits were recorded in male and female flowers within the different damage categories. Reproductive success was evaluated through fruit number and weight, as well as the number of seeds per fruit. Our results show that the weevil Tanysphyrus lemnae is the main florivore, and it mainly damages the female flowers. Hymenoptera were recorded as the most frequent visitors of both male and female flowers. Male and female flowers showed differences in visit frequency, which decreases as flower damage increases. Reproductive success was negatively related to the level of damage. We found that florivory is common in the population of S. lancifolia, which can exert a strong selective pressure by making the flowers less attractive and reducing the number of seeds per fruit. Future studies are needed to know how florivores affect plant male fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Armando Aguirre-Jaimes
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91070, VC, Mexico;
| | - José G. García-Franco
- Red de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, El Haya, Xalapa 91070, VC, Mexico
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Kohl PL, Steffan‐Dewenter I. Nectar robbing rather than pollinator availability constrains reproduction of a bee‐flowered plant at high elevations. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Kohl
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Ingolf Steffan‐Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, Biocenter University of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
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Riggi LGA, Raderschall CA, Lundin O. Insect pest damage increases faba bean ( Vicia faba) yield components but only in the absence of insect pollination. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8686. [PMID: 35309750 PMCID: PMC8901888 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying and quantifying crop stressors interactions in agroecosystems is necessary to guide sustainable crop management strategies. Over the last 50 years, faba bean cropping area has been declining, partly due to yield instabilities associated with uneven insect pollination and herbivory. Yet, the effect of interactions between pollinators and a key pest, the broad bean beetle Bruchus rufimanus (florivorous and seed predating herbivore) on faba bean yield has not been investigated. Using a factorial cage experiment in the field, we investigated how interactions between two hypothesized stressors, lack of insect pollination by bumblebees and herbivory by the broad bean beetle, affect faba bean yield. Lack of bumblebee pollination reduced bean weight per plant by 15%. Effects of the broad bean beetle differed between the individual plant and the plant‐stand level (i.e., when averaging individual plant level responses at the cage level), likely due to high variation in the level of herbivory among individual plants. At the individual plant level, herbivory increased several yield components but only in the absence of pollinators, possibly due to plant overcompensation and/or pollination by the broad bean beetle. At the plant‐stand level, we found no effect of the broad bean beetle on yield. However, there was a tendency for heavier individual bean weight with bumblebee pollination, but only in the absence of broad bean beetle herbivory, possibly due to a negative effect of the broad bean beetle on the proportion of legitimate flower visits by bumblebees. This is the first experimental evidence of interactive effects between bumblebees and the broad bean beetle on faba bean yield. Our preliminary findings of negative and indirect associations between the broad bean beetle and individual bean weight call for a better acknowledgment of these interactions in the field in order to understand drivers of crop yield variability in faba bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura G A Riggi
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Chloé A Raderschall
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ola Lundin
- Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Adit A, Singh VK, Koul M, Tandon R. Breeding System and Response of the Pollinator to Floral Larceny and Florivory Define the Reproductive Success in Aerides odorata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:767725. [PMID: 35095948 PMCID: PMC8795787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.767725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of pollination reward by felonious means in a plant species can influence the foraging behavior of its pollinator and eventually the reproductive success. So far, studies on this aspect are largely confined to interaction involving plant-pollinators and nectar robbers or thieves. However, a foraging guild in such interactions may also include floral herbivores or florivores. There is a paucity of information on the extent to which nectar larcenists may influence the foraging behavior of the pollinator and reproductive fitness of plants in the presence of a florivore. We investigated various forms of larceny in the natural populations of Aerides odorata, a pollinator-dependent and nectar-rewarding orchid. These populations differed in types of foraging guild, the extent of larceny (thieving/robbing), which can occur with or without florivory, and natural fruit-set pattern. The nectariferous spur of the flower serves as an organ of interest among the foraging insects. While florivory marked by excision of nectary dissuades the pollinator, nectar thieving and robbing significantly enhance visits of the pollinator and fruit-set. Experimental pollinations showed that the species is a preferential outbreeder and experiences inbreeding depression from selfing. Reproductive fitness of the orchid species varies significantly with the extent of floral larceny. Although nectar thieving or robbing is beneficial in this self-compatible species, the negative effects of florivory were stronger. Our findings suggest that net reproductive fitness in the affected plant species is determined by the overarching effect of its breeding system on the overall interacting framework of the foraging guild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Adit
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Monika Koul
- Department of Botany, Hans Raj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Tandon
- Department of Botany, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Boaventura MG, Villamil N, Teixido AL, Tito R, Vasconcelos HL, Silveira FAO, Cornelissen T. Revisiting florivory: an integrative review and global patterns of a neglected interaction. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:132-144. [PMID: 34363707 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Florivory is an ancient interaction which has rarely been quantified due to a lack of standardized protocols, thus impairing biogeographical and phylogenetic comparisons. We created a global, continuously updated, open-access database comprising 180 species and 64 families to compare floral damage between tropical and temperate plants, to examine the effects of plant traits on floral damage, and to explore the eco-evolutionary dynamics of flower-florivore interactions. Flower damage is widespread across angiosperms, but was two-fold higher in tropical vs temperate species, suggesting stronger fitness impacts in the tropics. Flowers were mostly damaged by chewers, but neither flower color nor symmetry explained differences in florivory. Herbivory and florivory levels were positively correlated within species, even though the richness of the florivore community does not affect florivory levels. We show that florivory impacts plant fitness via multiple pathways and that ignoring this interaction makes it more difficult to obtain a broad understanding of the ecology and evolution of angiosperms. Finally, we propose a standardized protocol for florivory measurements, and identify key research avenues that will help fill persistent knowledge gaps. Florivory is expected to be a central research topic in an epoch characterized by widespread decreases in insect populations that comprise both pollinators and florivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriela Boaventura
- Center for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, CP 486, Brazil
| | - Nora Villamil
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Alberto L Teixido
- Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa 2367, Cuiabá, MT, E-78060-900, Brazil
| | - Richard Tito
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Territorio y Energías Renovables, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, 15088, Peru
| | - Heraldo L Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Uberlândia, MG, 38405-302, Brazil
| | - Fernando A O Silveira
- Center for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, CP 486, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Cornelissen
- Center for Ecological Synthesis and Conservation, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Belo Horizonte, MG, CP 486, Brazil
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Nakano S, Oguro M, Itagaki T, Sakai S. Florivory defence: are phenolic compounds distributed non-randomly within perianths? Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Plants might allocate chemical defences unequally within attractive units of flowers including petals, sepals, and bracts because of variations in the probability of florivory. Based on optimal defence theory, which predicts that plants allocate higher chemical defences to tissues with higher probabilities of herbivore attack, we predicted that distal parts and sepals would have higher chemical defence allocations than proximal parts and petals. To test this prediction, we compared total phenolics and condensed tannins concentrations as well as presence of florivory within attractive units of ten angiosperm species. In agreement with the prediction, the overall results showed that the distal parts had higher total phenolics and condensed tannins than the proximal parts. On the other hand, contrary to the prediction, petals and sepals showed no tissue-specific variations. Florivory was more severe on the distal parts than the proximal parts, although statistical support for the variation was slightly weak, while the variations in presence of florivory between petals and sepals differed between the distal and proximal parts. These results may support the prediction of the optimal defence theory because distal parts of attractive units had higher presence of florivory and concentration of chemical defences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Nakano
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michio Oguro
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Itagaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoki Sakai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Zito P, Rosselli S, Bruno M, Maggio A, Sajeva M. Floral scent in Iris planifolia (Iridaceae) suggests food reward. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 158:86-90. [PMID: 30481663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Iris species can adopt different pollination strategies to attract their pollinators, generalized shelter-mimicking, specialized deceptive sexual-mimicking or food-rewarding. As attractive stimuli, Iris flowers may use their colours, large-size, symmetry, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, relatively few studies investigated Iris floral olfactory cues in the context of plant-visitor/pollinator interactions. In the present study we combined the identification of the floral volatiles of the nectariferous I. planifolia with insects visiting its flowers to gather data on its biology. Floral volatiles were collected in the natural environment by dynamic headspace and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Insect visitors/pollinators were also recorded. The volatile bouquet was aromatic-dominated with 1,4 dimethoxybenzene as major compound. Among the insects visiting its flowers, bumble and honey bees were the most abundant followed by hover flies. Overall, our results suggest that I. planifolia advertises its food reward by an aromatic dominated volatile composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Zito
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rosselli
- University of Palermo, Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bruno
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonella Maggio
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Sajeva
- University of Palermo, Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, Viale delle Scienze, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Soper Gorden NL, Adler LS. Consequences of multiple flower-insect interactions for subsequent plant-insect interactions and plant reproduction. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2018; 105:1835-1846. [PMID: 30376158 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Plants often interact simultaneously with multiple antagonists and mutualists that can alter plant traits at the phenotypic or genetic level, subsequent plant-insect interactions, and reproduction. Although many studies have examined the effects of single floral antagonisms on subsequent pollination and plant reproduction, we know very little about the combined, potentially non-additive effects of multiple flower-insect interactions. METHODS We simulated increased florivory, nectar robbing, and pollination on field-grown Impatiens capensis, which allowed us to determine interactive effects on five subsequent plant-insect interactions and 16 plant traits, including traits related to plant growth, floral attractiveness, floral defenses, and plant reproduction. KEY RESULTS All three manipulative treatments had significant non-additive effects on the behavior of subsequent floral visitors, indicating that the effect of floral visitors generally depended on the presence or behavior of others. Pollination increased visitation by both pollinators and nectar larcenists (robbers and thieves), while florivory reduced pollinator and larcenist visits. Surprisingly, supplemental pollination also increased leaf herbivory. Florivores often responded to manipulations in opposite ways than did nectar larcenists and pollinators, suggesting different mechanisms influencing visitors that consume nectar compared to floral tissue. While our treatments did not affect any floral trait measured, they non-additively impacted plant reproduction, with florivory having a larger overall impact than either nectar robbing or pollination. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the importance of understanding the context in which flower-insect interactions occur because the composition of the interacting community can have large and non-additive impacts on subsequent insect behavior and plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Soper Gorden
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Lynn S Adler
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
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