1
|
Duan L, Hou Z, Zhang W, Liang S, Huangfu M, Zhang J, Yang T, Dong J, Che D. Genome-wide analysis of the WOX gene family and function exploration of RhWOX331 in rose ( R. 'The Fairy'). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1461322. [PMID: 39290741 PMCID: PMC11405225 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1461322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
WOXs are a class of plant-specific transcription factors that play key roles in plant growth and stress responses. However, the mechanism by which WOXs influence adventitious root development in Rosa hybrida remains unclear. In this study, RcWOX gene family in rose was identified and phylogenetically analyzed using bioinformatics analysis. A total of 381 RcWOX gene members were localized on seven chromosomes except of nine members. The main cis-acting elements involved in hormonal, light, developmental, and abiotic stress responses were identified in the promoters of RcWOX genes, suggesting their regulation by these signals. Nine RhWOX genes had significant different expression during rooting process of rose. RhWOX331, RhWOX308, RhWOX318 were positive with the formation of rose roots. RhWOX331 was positively involved in the formation of adventitious root primordia, which gene coding a transcription factor localized in the nucleus. The HOX conserved domain in the protein contributed to the self-activating activity of RhWOX331. We obtained genetically modified Arabidopsis to validate the function of RhWOX331. Overexpression of RhWOX331 gene alleviated the inhibition of root length of A. thaliana primary roots by high concentration of IBA and NPA, and significantly increased the number of lateral roots on the primary roots, as well as the height of A. thaliana plants. Additionally, RhWOX331 promoted adventitious root formation in A. thaliana and mitigated hormonal inhibition by exogenous 6-BA, NPA, and GA3. The RhWOX331 promoter contained cis-acting elements such as ABRE, Box 4 and CGTCA-motif et.al. GUS activity analysis showed that the gene acted at the cotyledon attachment site. Taken together, these studies identified a significant expansion of the RcWOX gene family, inferred roles of certain branch members in adventitious root formation, elucidated the function of RhWOX331 in adventitious root initiation, and laid the foundation for further research on the function of WOX gene family in roses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Landscape Plants and Applications, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihui Hou
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Landscape Plants and Applications, Harbin, China
| | - Wuhua Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Landscape Plants and Applications, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Landscape Plants and Applications, Harbin, China
| | - Minge Huangfu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Landscape Plants and Applications, Harbin, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Landscape Plants and Applications, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Landscape Plants and Applications, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Landscape Plants and Applications, Harbin, China
| | - Daidi Che
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cold Region Landscape Plants and Applications, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lou X, Wang J, Wang G, He D, Shang W, Song Y, Wang Z, He S. Genome-Wide Analysis of the WOX Family and Its Expression Pattern in Root Development of Paeonia ostii. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7668. [PMID: 39062910 PMCID: PMC11277081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a woody plant with high ornamental, medicinal, and oil values. However, its low rooting rate and poor rooting quality are bottleneck issues in the micropropagation of P. ostii. The WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) family plays a crucial role in root development. In this study, based on the screening of the genome and root transcriptome database, we identified ten WOX members in P. ostii. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ten PoWOX proteins clustered into three major clades, the WUS, intermediate, and ancient clade, respectively. The conserved motifs and tertiary structures of PoWOX proteins located in the same clade exhibited higher similarity. The analysis of cis-regulatory elements in the promoter indicated that PoWOX genes are involved in plant growth and development, phytohormones, and stress responses. The expression analysis revealed that PoWOX genes are expressed in distinct tissues. PoWOX4, PoWOX5, PoWOX11, and PoWOX13b are preferentially expressed in roots at the early stage of root primordium formation, suggesting their role in the initiation and development of roots. These results will provide a comprehensive reference for the evolution and potential function of the WOX family and offer guidance for further study on the root development of tree peony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Lou
- College of Horticulture, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Jiange Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Guiqing Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Dan He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Wenqian Shang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yinglong Song
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Songlin He
- College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (J.W.); (G.W.); (D.H.); (W.S.); (Y.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen M, Dai Y, Liao J, Wu H, Lv Q, Huang Y, Liu L, Feng Y, Lv H, Zhou B, Peng D. TARGET OF MONOPTEROS: key transcription factors orchestrating plant development and environmental response. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2214-2234. [PMID: 38195092 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Plants have an incredible ability to sustain root and vascular growth after initiation of the embryonic root and the specification of vascular tissue in early embryos. Microarray assays have revealed that a group of transcription factors, TARGET OF MONOPTEROS (TMO), are important for embryonic root initiation in Arabidopsis. Despite the discovery of their auxin responsiveness early on, their function and mode of action remained unknown for many years. The advent of genome editing has accelerated the study of TMO transcription factors, revealing novel functions for biological processes such as vascular development, root system architecture, and response to environmental cues. This review covers recent achievements in understanding the developmental function and the genetic mode of action of TMO transcription factors in Arabidopsis and other plant species. We highlight the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of TMO transcription factors in relation to their function, mainly in Arabidopsis. Finally, we provide suggestions for further research and potential applications in plant genetic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yani Dai
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiamin Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huan Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lichang Liu
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Feng
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongxuan Lv
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, 438107, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, 438107, Huaihua, Hunan, China
- Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Hunan, China
- Yuelushan Laboratory Carbon Sinks Forests Variety Innovation Center, 410004, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang M, Zhou X, Xiang X, Wei H, Zhang L, Hu J. Characterization and genetic differences analysis in adventitious roots development of 38 Populus germplasm resources. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:9. [PMID: 38315324 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01418-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
To select poplar clones with excellent adventitious roots development (ARD) and deepen the understanding of its molecular mechanism, a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on 38 Populus germplasm resources with cuttings cultured in the greenhouse. Genetic differences between poplar clones with good ARD and with poor ARD were explored from the perspectives of genomics and transcriptomics. By cluster analysis of the seven adventitious roots (AR) traits, the materials were classified into three clusters, of which cluster I indicated excellent AR developmental capability and promising breeding potential, especially P.×canadensis 'Guariento', P. 'jingtong1', P. deltoides 'Zhongcheng5', P. deltoides 'Zhongcheng2'. At the genomic level, the cross-population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR) analysis identified 1944 positive selection regions related to ARD, and variation detection analysis identified 3426 specific SNPs and 687 specific Indels in the clones with good ARD, 3212 specific SNPs and 583 specific Indels in the clones with poor ARD, respectively. Through XP-CLR, variation detection, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis based on transcriptome data, eight major putative genes associated with poplar ARD were primary identified, and a co-expression network of eight genes was constructed, it was discovered that CSD1 and WRKY6 may be important in the ARD. Subsequently, we confirmed that SWEET17 had a non-synonymous mutation at the site of 928,404 in the clones with poor ARD, resulting in an alteration of the amino acid. After exploring phenotypic differences and the genetic variation of adventitious roots development in different poplar clones, this study provides valuable reference information for future poplar breeding and genetic improvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xinglu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Xiaodong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Hantian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Jianjun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mäkilä R, Wybouw B, Smetana O, Vainio L, Solé-Gil A, Lyu M, Ye L, Wang X, Siligato R, Jenness MK, Murphy AS, Mähönen AP. Gibberellins promote polar auxin transport to regulate stem cell fate decisions in cambium. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:631-644. [PMID: 36997686 PMCID: PMC10119023 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01360-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cambium contains bifacial stem cells, which produce secondary xylem to one side and secondary phloem to the other. However, how these fate decisions are regulated is unknown. Here we show that the positioning of an auxin signalling maximum within the cambium determines the fate of stem cell daughters. The position is modulated by gibberellin-regulated, PIN1-dependent polar auxin transport. Gibberellin treatment broadens auxin maximum from the xylem side of the cambium towards the phloem. As a result, xylem-side stem cell daughter preferentially differentiates into xylem, while phloem-side daughter retains stem cell identity. Occasionally, this broadening leads to direct specification of both daughters as xylem, and consequently, adjacent phloem-identity cell reverts to being stem cell. Conversely, reduced gibberellin levels favour specification of phloem-side stem cell daughter as phloem. Together, our data provide a mechanism by which gibberellin regulates the ratio of xylem and phloem production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Mäkilä
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brecht Wybouw
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ondřej Smetana
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Vainio
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Solé-Gil
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Munan Lyu
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lingling Ye
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xin Wang
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riccardo Siligato
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Geel, Belgium
| | - Mark K Jenness
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Angus S Murphy
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Institute of Biotechnology, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ran N, Liu S, Qi H, Wang J, Shen T, Xu W, Xu M. Long Non-Coding RNA lncWOX11a Suppresses Adventitious Root Formation of Poplar by Regulating the Expression of PeWOX11a. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5766. [PMID: 36982841 PMCID: PMC10057709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of poorly conserved transcripts without protein-encoding ability, are widely involved in plant organogenesis and stress responses by mediating the transmission and expression of genetic information at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and epigenetic levels. Here, we cloned and characterized a novel lncRNA molecule through sequence alignment, Sanger sequencing, transient expression in protoplasts, and genetic transformation in poplar. lncWOX11a is a 215 bp transcript located on poplar chromosome 13, ~50 kbp upstream of PeWOX11a on the reverse strand, and the lncRNA may fold into a series of complex stem-loop structures. Despite the small open reading frame (sORF) of 51 bp within lncWOX11a, bioinformatics analysis and protoplast transfection revealed that lncWOX11a has no protein-coding ability. The overexpression of lncWOX11a led to a decrease in the quantity of adventitious roots on the cuttings of transgenic poplars. Further, cis-regulatory module prediction and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments with poplar protoplasts demonstrated that lncWOX11a acts as a negative regulator of adventitious rooting by downregulating the WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene WOX11, which is supposed to activate adventitious root development in plants. Collectively, our findings imply that lncWOX11a is essential for modulating the formation and development of adventitious roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Sian Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, China;
| | - Haoran Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Jiali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Tengfei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Wenlin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| | - Meng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, China; (N.R.); (H.Q.); (J.W.); (T.S.); (W.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wan Q, Zhai N, Xie D, Liu W, Xu L. WOX11: the founder of plant organ regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:1. [PMID: 36596978 PMCID: PMC9810776 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00140-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
De novo organ regeneration is the process in which adventitious roots or shoots regenerate from detached or wounded organs. De novo organ regeneration can occur either in natural conditions, e.g. adventitious root regeneration from the wounded sites of detached leaves or stems, or in in-vitro tissue culture, e.g. organ regeneration from callus. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the molecular mechanism of de novo organ regeneration, focusing on the role of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. WOX11 is a direct target of the auxin signaling pathway, and it is expressed in, and regulates the establishment of, the founder cell during de novo root regeneration and callus formation. WOX11 activates the expression of its target genes to initiate root and callus primordia. Therefore, WOX11 links upstream auxin signaling to downstream cell fate transition during regeneration. We also discuss the role of WOX11 in diverse species and its evolution in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Wan
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ning Zhai
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Dixiang Xie
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Wu Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lin Xu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 300 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ren H, Chen S, Hou J, Li H. Genome-wide identification, expression analyses of Wuschel-related homeobox (WOX) genes in Brachypodium distachyon and functional characterization of BdWOX12. Gene X 2022; 836:146691. [PMID: 35738446 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As one kind of plant-specific transcription factors (TFs), WOX (Wuschel-related homeobox) plays an essential role in plant growth and development. In this study, 21 WOX TFs were identified in Brachypodium distachyon. They were divided into ancient, intermediate, and WUS clades based on phylogenetic analysis. These 21 BdWOX genes are mapped on 5 chromosomes unevenly. In the promoters, the most abundant cis-elements are ABRE, TGACG-motif, and G-box. qRT-PCR results showed that most BdWOX genes are expressed in vegetative and reproductive organs. Meanwhile, the expression of 14, 12, and 15 BdWOX genes are up-regulated by exogenous 6-BA, NAA, and GA, respectively. These results indicated that BdWOX genes participate in hormone signaling and regulate plant growth and development. Overexpression of BdWOX12 in Arabidopsis improved the root system, further indicating the functions of BdWOX genes in growth and development. This study provided a basis for the functional elucidation of BdWOX genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China
| | - Shoukun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China
| | - Jiayuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li J, Gong J, Zhang L, Shen H, Chen G, Xie Q, Hu Z. Overexpression of SlPRE5, an atypical bHLH transcription factor, affects plant morphology and chlorophyll accumulation in tomato. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 273:153698. [PMID: 35461174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play vital regulatory roles in a series of metabolic, physiological, and developmental processes of plants. Here, SlPRE5, an atypical bHLH gene, was isolated from tomato. SlPRE5 was noticeably expressed in young leaves, sepals, and flowers. SlPRE5-overexpressing plants exhibited rolling leaves with reduced chlorophyll content, increased stem internode length, leaf angle, and compound leaf length. The water loss rate of mature leaves and the content of starch were significantly reduced, while the content of gibberellin was significantly increased in transgenic plants. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) showed that SlPRE5 could interact with SlAIF1, SlAIF2, and SlPAR1. qRT-PCR and RNA-seq results revealed that the expression levels of genes related to chloroplast development, chlorophyll metabolism, gibberellin metabolism and signal transduction, starch, photosynthesis, and cell expansion were significantly altered in SlPRE5-overexpression plants. Collectively, our results suggest that SlPRE5 is a crucial transcription factor involved in plant morphology and chlorophyll accumulation in tomato leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Gong
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lincheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hui Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiaoli Xie
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adaptation of the Root System to the Environment. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The plant fine roots system (i [...]
Collapse
|
11
|
Cai B, Wang T, Sun H, Liu C, Chu J, Ren Z, Li Q. Gibberellins regulate lateral root development that is associated with auxin and cell wall metabolisms in cucumber. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:110995. [PMID: 35193752 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber is an economically important crop cultivated worldwide. Gibberellins (GAs) play important roles in the development of lateral roots (LRs), which are critical for plant stress tolerance and productivity. Therefore, it is of great importance for cucumber production to study the role of GAs in LR development. Here, the results showed that GAs regulated cucumber LR development in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with 1, 10, 50 and 100 μM GA3 significantly increased secondary root length, tertiary root number and length. Of these, 50 μM GA3 treatment had strong effects on increasing root dry weight and the root/shoot dry weight ratio. Pairwise comparisons identified 417 down-regulated genes enriched for GA metabolism-related processes and 447 up-regulated genes enriched for cell wall metabolism-related processes in GA3-treated roots. A total of 3523 non-redundant DEGs were identified in our RNA-Seq data through pairwise comparisons and linear factorial modeling. Of these, most of the genes involved in auxin and cell wall metabolisms were up-regulated in GA3-treated roots. Our findings not only shed light on LR regulation mediated by GA but also offer an important resource for functional studies of candidate genes putatively involved in the regulation of LR development in cucumber and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Hong Sun
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huang-Huai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, College of Horticulture, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kościelniak P, Glazińska P, Kȩsy J, Zadworny M. Formation and Development of Taproots in Deciduous Tree Species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:772567. [PMID: 34925417 PMCID: PMC8675582 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.772567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trees are generally long-lived and are therefore exposed to numerous episodes of external stimuli and adverse environmental conditions. In certain trees e.g., oaks, taproots evolved to increase the tree's ability to acquire water from deeper soil layers. Despite the significant role of taproots, little is known about the growth regulation through internal factors (genes, phytohormones, and micro-RNAs), regulating taproot formation and growth, or the effect of external factors, e.g., drought. The interaction of internal and external stimuli, involving complex signaling pathways, regulates taproot growth during tip formation and the regulation of cell division in the root apical meristem (RAM). Assuming that the RAM is the primary regulatory center responsible for taproot growth, factors affecting the RAM function provide fundamental information on the mechanisms affecting taproot development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paulina Glazińska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jacek Kȩsy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Zadworny
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kórnik, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meristematic Connectome: A Cellular Coordinator of Plant Responses to Environmental Signals? Cells 2021; 10:cells10102544. [PMID: 34685524 PMCID: PMC8533771 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical stress in tree roots induces the production of reaction wood (RW) and the formation of new branch roots, both functioning to avoid anchorage failure and limb damage. The vascular cambium (VC) is the factor responsible for the onset of these responses as shown by their occurrence when all primary tissues and the root tips are removed. The data presented confirm that the VC is able to evaluate both the direction and magnitude of the mechanical forces experienced before coordinating the most fitting responses along the root axis whenever and wherever these are necessary. The coordination of these responses requires intense crosstalk between meristematic cells of the VC which may be very distant from the place where the mechanical stress is first detected. Signaling could be facilitated through plasmodesmata between meristematic cells. The mechanism of RW production also seems to be well conserved in the stem and this fact suggests that the VC could behave as a single structure spread along the plant body axis as a means to control the relationship between the plant and its environment. The observation that there are numerous morphological and functional similarities between different meristems and that some important regulatory mechanisms of meristem activity, such as homeostasis, are common to several meristems, supports the hypothesis that not only the VC but all apical, primary and secondary meristems present in the plant body behave as a single interconnected structure. We propose to name this structure “meristematic connectome” given the possibility that the sequence of meristems from root apex to shoot apex could represent a pluricellular network that facilitates long-distance signaling in the plant body. The possibility that the “meristematic connectome” could act as a single structure active in adjusting the plant body to its surrounding environment throughout the life of a plant is now proposed.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shi L, Wang K, Du L, Song Y, Li H, Ye X. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling Analysis of WOX Family Protein-Encoded Genes in Triticeae Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179325. [PMID: 34502234 PMCID: PMC8431079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WOX family is a group of plant-specific transcription factors which regulate plant growth and development, cell division and differentiation. From the available genome sequence databases of nine Triticeae species, 199 putative WOX genes were identified. Most of the identified WOX genes were distributed on the chromosomes of homeologous groups 1 to 5 and originated via the orthologous evolution approach. Parts of WOX genes in Triticum aestivum were confirmed by the specific PCR markers using a set of Triticum. durum-T. aestivum genome D substitution lines. All of these identified WOX proteins could be grouped into three clades, similar to those in rice and Arabidopsis. WOX family members were conserved among these Triticeae plants; all of them contained the HOX DNA-binding homeodomain, and WUS clade members contained the characteristic WUS-box motif, while only WUS and WOX9 contained the EAR motif. The RNA-seq and qPCR analysis revealed that the TaWOX genes had tissue-specific expression feature. From the expression patterns of TaWOX genes during immature embryo callus production, TaWOX9 is likely closely related with the regulation of regeneration process in T. aestivum. The findings in this study could provide a basis for evolution and functional investigation and practical application of the WOX family genes in Triticeae species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Ningxia, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China;
| | - Ke Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
| | - Lipu Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
| | - Yuxia Song
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology of Ningxia, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China;
| | - Huihui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Xingguo Ye
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (L.S.); (K.W.); (L.D.)
- National Key Facility of Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (X.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lucob-Agustin N, Kawai T, Kano-Nakata M, Suralta RR, Niones JM, Hasegawa T, Inari-Ikeda M, Yamauchi A, Inukai Y. Morpho-physiological and molecular mechanisms of phenotypic root plasticity for rice adaptation to water stress conditions. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:20-29. [PMID: 33762873 PMCID: PMC7973496 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Different types of water stress severely affect crop production, and the plant root system plays a critical role in stress avoidance. In the case of rice, a cereal crop cultivated under the widest range of soil hydrologic conditions, from irrigated anaerobic conditions to rainfed conditions, phenotypic root plasticity is of particular relevance. Recently, important plastic root traits under different water stress conditions, and their physiological and molecular mechanisms have been gradually understood. In this review, we summarize these plastic root traits and their contributions to dry matter production through enhancement of water uptake under different water stress conditions. We also discuss the physiological and molecular mechanisms regulating the phenotypic plasticity of root systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nonawin Lucob-Agustin
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
- Philippine Rice Research Institute, Central Experiment Station, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 3119, Philippines
| | - Tsubasa Kawai
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mana Kano-Nakata
- International Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Roel R. Suralta
- Philippine Rice Research Institute, Central Experiment Station, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 3119, Philippines
| | - Jonathan M. Niones
- Philippine Rice Research Institute, Central Experiment Station, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, 3119, Philippines
| | - Tomomi Hasegawa
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mayuko Inari-Ikeda
- International Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inukai
- International Center for Research and Education in Agriculture, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Han N, Tang R, Chen X, Xu Z, Ren Z, Wang L. Genome-wide identification and characterization of WOX genes in Cucumis sativus. Genome 2021; 64:761-776. [PMID: 33493082 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) proteins are plant-specific transcription factors that are profoundly involved in regulation of plant development and stress responses. In this study, we totally identified 11 WOX transcription factor family members in cucumber (Cucumis sativus, CsWOX) genome and classified them into three clades with nine subclades based on phylogenetic analysis results. Alignment of amino acid sequences revealed that all WOX members in cucumber contained the typical homeodomain, which consists of 60-66 amino acids and is folded into a helix-turn-helix structure. Gene duplication event analysis indicated that CsWOX1a and CsWOX1b were a segment duplication pair, which might affect the number of WOX members in cucumber genome. The expression profiles of CsWOX genes in different tissues demonstrated that the members sorted into the ancient clade (CsWOX13a and CsWOX13b) were constitutively expressed at higher levels in comparison to the others. Cis-element analysis in promoter regions suggested that the expression of CsWOX genes was associated with phytohormone pathways and stress responses, which was further supported by RNA-seq data. Taken together, our results provide new insights into the evolution of cucumber WOX genes and improve our understanding about the biological functions of the CsWOX gene family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ni Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Rui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xueqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhixuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhonghai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Huanghuai Region), Tai'an, China.,Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, Tai'an, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baesso B, Terzaghi M, Chiatante D, Scippa GS, Montagnoli A. WOX genes expression during the formation of new lateral roots from secondary structures in Populus nigra (L.) taproot. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18890. [PMID: 33144589 PMCID: PMC7641218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the large amounts of data available on lateral root formation, little is known about their initiation from secondary structures. In the present work, we applied a bending treatment to Populus nigra (L.) woody taproots to induce the formation of new lateral roots. The development of lateral roots was monitored by stereomicroscopic examination of cross-sections. Tissues were sampled from the bending zone in the proximity of the vascular cambium before (time 0) and after the application of bending at three different time points (24, 48, and 72 h) and analyzed for the expression of P. nigra WOX homologs. The initiation of new lateral roots was observed to originate from the vascular cambium zone and was followed by primordium formation and root emergence. PnWOX4a, PnWOX4b, PnWOX5a, PnWOX5b, PnWOX11/12a, and PnWOX11/12b were shown to be expressed during the formation of new lateral roots at different developmental stages. The mechanical stress simulated by bending treatment was shown to activate the molecular mechanism leading to the expression of WOX genes, which are hypothesized to control SLR formation in the cambium zone of poplar taproot.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Baesso
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Mattia Terzaghi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology 'A. Zambelli', University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084, Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Donato Chiatante
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, VA, Italy
| | - Gabriella Stefania Scippa
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090, Pesche, IS, Italy
| | - Antonio Montagnoli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100, Varese, VA, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kumar V, Vogelsang L, Schmidt RR, Sharma SS, Seidel T, Dietz KJ. Remodeling of Root Growth Under Combined Arsenic and Hypoxia Stress Is Linked to Nutrient Deprivation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:569687. [PMID: 33193499 PMCID: PMC7644957 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Root architecture responds to environmental stress. Stress-induced metabolic and nutritional changes affect the endogenous root development program. Transcriptional and translational changes realize the switch between stem cell proliferation and cell differentiation, lateral root or root hair formation and root functionality for stress acclimation. The current work explores the effects of stress combination of arsenic toxicity (As) and hypoxia (Hpx) on root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. As revealed previously, combined As and Hpx treatment leads to severe nutritional disorder evident from deregulation of root transcriptome and plant mineral contents. Both As and Hpx were identified to pose stress-specific constraints on root development that lead to unique root growth phenotype under their combination. Besides inhibition of root apical meristem (RAM) activity under all stresses, As induced lateral root growth while root hair density and lengths were strongly increased by Hpx and HpxAs-treatments. A dual stimulation of phosphate (Pi)-starvation response was observed for HpxAs-treated plant roots; however, the response under HpxAs aligned more with Hpx than As. Transcriptional evidence along with biochemical data suggests involvement of PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 1; PHR1-dependent systemic signaling. Pi metabolism-related transcripts in close association with cellular iron homeostasis modulate root development under HpxAs. Early redox potential changes in meristematic cells, differential ROS accumulation in root hair zone cell layers and strong deregulation of NADPH oxidases, NADPH-dependent oxidoreductases and peroxidases signify a role of redox and ROS signaling in root architecture remodeling under HpxAs. Differential aquaporin expression suggests transmembrane ROS transport to regulate root hair induction and growth. Reorganization of energy metabolism through NO-dependent alternate oxidase, lactate fermentation, and phosphofructokinase seems crucial under HpxAs. TOR and SnRK-signaling network components were potentially involved in control of sustainable utilization of available energy reserves for root hair growth under combined stress as well as recovery on reaeration. Findings are discussed in context of combined stress-induced signaling in regulation of root development in contrast to As and Hpx alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
- Department of Biosciences, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Lara Vogelsang
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Romy R. Schmidt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Shanti S. Sharma
- Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
| | - Thorsten Seidel
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Motte H, Vanneste S, Beeckman T. Molecular and Environmental Regulation of Root Development. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 70:465-488. [PMID: 30822115 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In order to optimally establish their root systems, plants are endowed with several mechanisms to use at distinct steps during their development. In this review, we zoom in on the major processes involved in root development and detail important new insights that have been generated in recent studies, mainly using the Arabidopsis root as a model. First, we discuss new insights in primary root development with the characterization of tissue-specific transcription factor complexes and the identification of non-cell-autonomous control mechanisms in the root apical meristem. Next, root branching is discussed by focusing on the earliest steps in the development of a new lateral root and control of its postemergence growth. Finally, we discuss the impact of phosphate, nitrogen, and water availability on root development and summarize current knowledge about the major molecular mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Motte
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Lab of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Incheon 21985, Republic of Korea
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li M, Wang R, Liu Z, Wu X, Wang J. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) gene family in allotetraploid Brassica napus reveals changes in WOX genes during polyploidization. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:317. [PMID: 31023229 PMCID: PMC6482515 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes encoding plant-specific homeobox (HB) transcription factors play important roles in the growth and development of plants. To date, WOX genes has been identified and analyzed in many polyploids (such as cotton and tobacco), but the evolutionary analysis of them during polyploidization is rare. With the completion of genome sequencing, allotetraploid Brassica napus and its diploid progenitors (B. rapa and B. oleracea) are a good system for studying this question. RESULTS In this study, 52, 25 and 29 WOX genes were identified in allotetraploid B. napus (2n = 4x = 38, AnCn), the An genome donor B. rapa (2n = 2x = 20, Ar) and the Cn genome donor B. oleracea (2n = 2x = 18, Co), respectively. All identified WOX genes in B. napus and its diploid progenitors were divided into three clades, and these genes were selected to perform gene structure and chromosome location analysis. The results showed that at least 70 and 67% of WOX genes maintained the same gene structure and relative position on chromosomes, respectively, indicating that WOX genes in B. napus were highly conserved at the DNA level during polyploidization. In addition, the analysis of duplicated genes and transposable elements (TEs) near WOX genes showed that whole-genome triplication (WGT) events, segmental duplication and abundant TEs played important roles in the expansion of the WOX gene family in B. napus. Moreover, the analysis of the expression profiles of WOX gene pairs with evolutionary relationships suggested that the WOX gene family may have changed at the transcriptional regulation level during polyploidization. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study increased our understanding of the WOX genes in B. napus and its diploid progenitors, providing a rich resource for further study of WOX genes in these species. In addition, the changes in WOX genes during the process of polyploidization were discussed from the aspects of gene number, gene structure, gene relative location and gene expression, which provides a reference for future polyploidization analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute of CAAS, Wuhan, 430062 China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aliaga Fandino AC, Kim H, Rademaker JD, Lee JY. Reprogramming of the cambium regulators during adventitious root development upon wounding of storage tap roots in radish ( Raphanus sativus L.). Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.039677. [PMID: 30787007 PMCID: PMC6451342 DOI: 10.1242/bio.039677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cambium contains a stem cell population that produces xylem and phloem tissues in a radial direction during the secondary growth stage. The growth of many storage roots, including in the radish, Raphanus sativus L., also depends on cambium. Interestingly, we observed numerous adventitious roots (ARs) emerging from the cambia of cut surfaces when the bases of radish storage tap roots were removed. Previous studies in Arabidopsis showed that the WOX11/12 pathway regulates AR initiation and meristem establishment in an auxin-dependent manner. Here, we provide evidence indicating the evolutionary conservation of the WOX11/12 pathway during the AR development in radishes. Additionally, we found that expression of two cambium regulators, PXY and WOX4, is induced in the cambium regions that are connected to emerging ARs via vascularization. Both AR formation and genes associated with this were induced by exogenous auxin. Our research suggests that some key cambium regulators might be reprogrammed to aid in the AR development in concert with the WOX11/12 pathway.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecilia Aliaga Fandino
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoujin Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesse David Rademaker
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Behavioural Biology, University Utrecht, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584CH, The Netherlands
| | - Ji-Young Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea .,Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
High levels of auxin signalling define the stem-cell organizer of the vascular cambium. Nature 2019; 565:485-489. [PMID: 30626967 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Wood, a type of xylem tissue, originates from cell proliferation of the vascular cambium. Xylem is produced inside, and phloem outside, of the cambium1. Morphogenesis in plants is typically coordinated by organizer cells that direct the adjacent stem cells to undergo programmed cell division and differentiation. The location of the vascular cambium stem cells and whether the organizer concept applies to the cambium are currently unknown2. Here, using lineage-tracing and molecular genetic studies in the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that cells with a xylem identity direct adjacent vascular cambial cells to divide and function as stem cells. Thus, these xylem-identity cells constitute an organizer. A local maximum of the phytohormone auxin, and consequent expression of CLASS III HOMEODOMAIN-LEUCINE ZIPPER (HD-ZIP III) transcription factors, promotes xylem identity and cellular quiescence of the organizer cells. Additionally, the organizer maintains phloem identity in a non-cell-autonomous fashion. Consistent with this dual function of the organizer cells, xylem and phloem originate from a single, bifacial stem cell in each radial cell file, which confirms the classical theory of a uniseriate vascular cambium3. Clones that display high levels of ectopically activated auxin signalling differentiate as xylem vessels; these clones induce cell divisions and the expression of cambial and phloem markers in the adjacent cells, which suggests that a local auxin-signalling maximum is sufficient to specify a stem-cell organizer. Although vascular cambium has a unique function among plant meristems, the stem-cell organizer of this tissue shares features with the organizers of root and shoot meristems.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ge Y, Fang X, Liu W, Sheng L, Xu L. Adventitious lateral rooting: the plasticity of root system architecture. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:39-43. [PMID: 29603748 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Root formation under natural conditions is plastic in response to multiple signals. Recent studies suggested that the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11)-mediated adventitious root formation pathway can occur in the primary root (PR) in Arabidopsis thaliana, resulting in the production of a specific type of lateral roots (LRs) in response to wounding or environmental signals. This process differs from the previously characterized process for LR development, which does not require WOX11. The WOX11-mediated PR-derived roots can be considered like LRs that exhibit an 'adventitious' feature. Therefore, we consider these roots to be adventitious lateral roots (adLRs). The identification of WOX11-mediated adLRs implies that studying the formation of roots in response to wounding and environmental signals is important for characterizing the plasticity of the root system architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lihong Sheng
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu W, Yu J, Ge Y, Qin P, Xu L. Pivotal role of LBD16 in root and root-like organ initiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3329-3338. [PMID: 29943076 PMCID: PMC11105430 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2861-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the post-embryonic stage of Arabidopsis thaliana, roots can be initiated from the vascular region of the existing roots or non-root organs; they are designated as lateral roots (LRs) and adventitious roots (ARs), respectively. Some root-like organs can also be initiated from the vasculature. In tissue culture, auxin-induced callus, which is a group of pluripotent root-primordium-like cells, is formed via the rooting pathway. The formation of feeding structures from the vasculature induced by root-knot nematodes also borrows the rooting pathway. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress on the role of LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN16 (LBD16; also known as ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-LIKE18, ASL18), a member of the LBD/ASL gene family encoding plant-specific transcription factors, in roots and root-like organ initiation. Different root and root-like organ initiation processes have distinct priming mechanisms to specify founder cells. All these priming mechanisms converge to activate LBD16 expression in the primed founder cells. The activation of LBD16 expression leads to organ initiation via promotion of cell division and establishment of root-primordium identity. Therefore, LBD16 might play a common and pivotal role in root and root-like organ initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yachao Ge
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|