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Tripathi S, Sharma S, Rai P, Mahra S, Tripathi DK, Sharma S. Synergy of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and silicon in regulation of AgNPs induced stress of rice seedlings. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108720. [PMID: 38901227 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs), as an emerging pollutant, have been receiving significant attention as they deepen the concern regarding the issue of food security. Silicon (Si) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are likely to serve as a sustainable approach to ameliorating abiotic stress and improving plant growth through various mechanisms. The present study aims to evaluate the synergistic effect of Si and PGPRs on growth, physiological, and molecular response in rice seedlings (Oryza sativa) under AgNPs stress. Data suggested that under AgNPs exposure, the root and shoot growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes (CAT and APX), expression of antioxidant genes (OsAPX and OsGR), silicon transporter (OsLsi2), and auxin hormone-related genes (OsPIN10 and OsYUCCA1) were significantly decreased which accompanied with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and might be due to higher accumulation of Ag in plant cells. Interestingly, the addition of Si along with the AgNPs enhances the level of ROS generation, thus oxidative stress, which causes severe damage in all the above-tested parameters. On the other hand, application of PGPR alone and along with Si reduced the toxic effect of AgNPs through the improvement of growth, biochemical, and gene regulation (OsAPX and OsGR, OsPIN10 and OsYUCCA1). However, the addition of L-NAME along with PGPR and silicon drastically lowered the AgNPs induced toxicity through lowering the oxidative stress and maintained the overall growth of rice seedlings, which suggests the role of endogenous NO in Si and PGPRs mediated management of AgNPs toxicity in rice seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Samarth Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Padmaja Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Shivani Mahra
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar Tripathi
- Crop Nanobiology and Molecular Stress Physiology Lab, Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125, Noida, 201313, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211004, UP, India.
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Kapoor RT, Paray BA, Ahmad A, Mansoor S, Ahmad P. Biochar and silicon relegate the adversities of beryllium stress in pepper by modulating methylglyoxal detoxification and antioxidant defense mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:37060-37074. [PMID: 38758448 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Industrial activities have escalated beryllium (Be) release in environment which negatively affect plant growth and human health. This investigation describes Be-induced stress in pepper and its palliation by application of pineapple fruit peel biochar (BC) and potassium silicate (Si). The treatment of Be reduced seedling length, biomass, and physiological attributes and enhanced electrolyte leakage, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2•-) level in pepper plants; however, these oxidative stress markers were reduced with combined treatment (Be + BC + Si). Application of BC and Si also lowered Be cumulation in roots and shoots of pepper. Under combined treatment, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) activities exhibited significant enhancement 19, 7.6, 22.8, and 48%, respectively, in Be-stressed pepper. The Be + BC + Si increased peroxidase (POD), glutathione S-transferase (GPX), and glutathione peroxidase (GST) activities 121, 55, and 53%, respectively, as compared to Be-treated pepper. Methylglyoxal level was reduced in pepper with rise in glyoxalase I and II enzymes. Thus, combined application of SS and BC effectively protects pepper against oxidative stress induced by Be by increasing both antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Hence, pineapple fruit peel biochar along with potassium silicate can be used for enhancing crop productivity under Be-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riti Thapar Kapoor
- Centre for Plant and Environmental Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201 313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Zoology Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ajaz Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Mansoor
- Department of Plant Resources and Environment, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC, Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Ahmed T, Guo J, Noman M, Lv L, Manzoor N, Qi X, Li B. Metagenomic and biochemical analyses reveal the potential of silicon to alleviate arsenic toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 345:123537. [PMID: 38355084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) pollution in agricultural systems poses a serious threat to crop productivity and food safety. Silicon (Si) has been reported to mitigate toxic effects of heavy metals in plants. However, the mechanisms behind Si-mediated alleviation of As toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) remain poorly understood. Here, we performed metagenomic and biochemical analyses to investigate the potential of Si in alleviating As toxicity to rice plants. As exposure reduced plant growth, chlorophyll contents, antioxidant enzyme levels and soil enzymes activity, while increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity and inducing alterations in the rhizosphere microbiome of rice seedlings. Silicon amendments enhanced rice growth (24%), chlorophyll a (25%), and chlorophyll b (26.7%), indicating enhanced photosynthetic capacity. Si amendments also led to the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (15.4%), and peroxidase (15.6%), resulting in reduced ROS activity and oxidative stress compared to the As-treated control. Furthermore, Si treatment reduced uptake and translocation of As in rice plants, as evidenced by the analysis of elemental contents. Microscopic examination of leaf and root ultrastructure showed that Si mitigated As-induced cellular damage and maintained normal morphology. Metagenomic analysis of the rice rhizosphere microbiome revealed that Si application modulated composition and diversity of microbial communities e.g., Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Additionally, Si amendments upregulated the relative expression levels of OsGSH, OsPCs, OsNIP1;1 and OsNIP3;3 genes, while the expression levels of the OsLis1 and OsLis2 genes were significantly downregulated compared with As-treated rice plants. Overall, these findings contribute to our understanding of Si-mediated plant resilience to As stress and offer potential strategies for sustainable agriculture in As-contaminated regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temoor Ahmed
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311231, China; MEU Research Unit, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Junning Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Luqiong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Natasha Manzoor
- Department of Soil and Water Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Jin W, Cheng L, Liu C, Liu H, Jiao Q, Wang H, Deng Z, Seth CS, Guo H, Shi Y. Cadmium negatively affects the growth and physiological status and the alleviation effects by exogenous selenium in silage maize (Zea mays L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:21646-21658. [PMID: 38396179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32557-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Increasing soil cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious threat to human food health and safety. In order to reduce Cd uptake and Cd toxicity in silage maize, hydroponic tests were conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous Cd on the toxicity of silage maize in this study. In the study, a combination of Cd (5, 20, 50, 80, and 10 μM) treatments was applied in a hydroponic system. With increasing Cd concentration, Cd significantly inhibited the total root length (RL), root surface area (SA), root volume (RV), root tip number (RT), and branching number (RF) of maize seedlings, which were reduced by 28.1 to 71.3%, 20.2 to 64.9%, 11.2 to 56.5%, 43.7 to 63.4%, and 38.2 to 72.6%, respectively. The excessive Cd accumulation inhibited biomass accumulation and reduced silage maize growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll content and activated the antioxidant systems, including increasing lipid peroxidation and stimulating catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), but reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in the root. Besides, selenium (Se) significantly decreased the Cd concentration of the shoot and root by 27.1% and 35.1% under Cd50, respectively. Our results reveal that exogenously applied Cd reduced silage maize growth and impaired photosynthesis. Whereas silage maize can tolerate Cd by increasing the concentration of ascorbate and glutathione and activating the antioxidant defense system, the application of exogenous selenium significantly reduced the content of Cd in silage maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihuan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Lan Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
| | - Qiujuan Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Haoyang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Zhaolong Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | | | - Hongxiang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Yong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
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Asgher M, Rehaman A, Nazar Ul Islam S, Khan NA. Multifaceted roles of silicon nano particles in heavy metals-stressed plants. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122886. [PMID: 37952923 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination has emerged as one of the most damaging abiotic stress factors due to their prominent release into the environment through industrialization and urbanization worldwide. The increase in HMs concentration in soil and the environment has invited attention of researchers/environmentalists to minimize its' impact by practicing different techniques such as application of phytohormones, gaseous molecules, metalloids, and essential nutrients etc. Silicon (Si) although not considered as the essential nutrient, has received more attention in the last few decades due to its involvement in the amelioration of wide range of abiotic stress factors. Silicon is the second most abundant element after oxygen on earth, but is relatively lesser available for plants as it is taken up in the form of mono-silicic acid, Si(OH)4. The scattered information on the influence of Si on plant development and abiotic stress adaptation has been published. Moreover, the use of nanoparticles for maintenance of plant functions under limited environmental conditions has gained momentum. The current review, therefore, summarizes the updated information on Si nanoparticles (SiNPs) synthesis, characterization, uptake and transport mechanism, and their effect on plant growth and development, physiological and biochemical processes and molecular mechanisms. The regulatory connect between SiNPs and phytohormones signaling in counteracting the negative impacts of HMs stress has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Asgher
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, India
| | - Abdul Rehaman
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, India
| | - Syed Nazar Ul Islam
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, 185234, India
| | - Nafees A Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Li P, Xiong Z, Tian Y, Zheng Z, Liu Z, Hu R, Wang Q, Ao H, Yi Z, Li J. Community-based mechanisms underlying the root cadmium uptake regulated by Cd-tolerant strains in rice ( Oryza sativa. L). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1196130. [PMID: 37636120 PMCID: PMC10450764 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1196130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the problem of Cd pollution in paddy fields has become more and more serious, which seriously threatens the safe production of food crops and human health. Using microorganisms to reduce cadmium pollution in rice fields is a green, safe and efficient method, the complicated interactions between the microbes in rice roots throughout the process of cadmium absorption by rice roots are poorly understood. In this investigation, a hydroponic pot experiment was used to examine the effects of bacteria R3 (Herbaspirillum sp) and T4 (Bacillus cereus) on cadmium uptake and the endophytic bacterial community in rice roots. The results showed that compared with CK (Uninoculated bacterial liquid), the two strains had significant inhibitory or promotive effects on cadmium uptake in rice plant, respectively. Among them, the decrease of cadmium content in rice plants by R3 strain reached 78.57-79.39%, and the increase of cadmium content in rice plants by T4 strain reached 140.49-158.19%. Further investigation showed that the cadmium content and root cadmium enrichment coefficient of rice plants were significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Burkholderia and Acidovorax, and significantly positively correlated with the relative abundances of Achromobacter, Agromyces and Acidocella. Moreover, a more complex network of microbes in rice roots inhibited rice plants from absorbing cadmium. These results suggest that cadmium uptake by rice plants is closely related to the endophytic bacterial community of roots. This study provides a reference scheme for the safe production of crops in cadmium contaminated paddies and lays a solid theoretical foundation for subsequent field applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziqin Xiong
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunhe Tian
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhongyi Zheng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhixuan Liu
- Hunan Rice Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Ruiwen Hu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Hejun Ao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenxie Yi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Li
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Liu H, Jiao Q, Fan L, Jiang Y, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P, Chen Y, Zhu M, Liu H, Zhao Y, Liu F, Liu S, Li G. Integrated physio-biochemical and transcriptomic analysis revealed mechanism underlying of Si-mediated alleviation to cadmium toxicity in wheat. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131366. [PMID: 37030231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination has resulted in serious reduction of crop yields. Silicon (Si), as a beneficial element, regulates plant growth to heavy metal toxicity mainly through reducing metal uptake and protecting plants from oxidative injury. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Si-mediated Cd toxicity in wheat has not been well understood. This study aimed to reveal the beneficial role of Si (1 mM) in alleviating Cd-induced toxicity in wheat (Triticum aestivum) seedlings. The results showed that exogenous supply of Si decreased Cd concentration by 67.45% (root) and 70.34% (shoot), and maintained ionic homeostasis through the function of important transporters, such as Lsi, ZIP, Nramp5 and HIPP. Si ameliorated Cd-induced photosynthetic performance inhibition through up-regulating photosynthesis-related genes and light harvesting-related genes. Si minimized Cd-induced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA contents by 46.62% (leaf) and 75.09% (root), and helped re-establish redox homeostasis by regulating antioxidant enzymes activities, AsA-GSH cycle and expression of relevant genes through signal transduction pathway. The results revealed molecular mechanism of Si-mediated wheat tolerance to Cd toxicity. Si fertilizer is suggested to be applied in Cd contaminated soil for food safety production as a beneficial and eco-friendly element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Qiujuan Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Lina Fan
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yinglong Chen
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture & School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Mo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China; Henan International Joint Laboratory of Agricultural Microbial Ecology and Technology, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Haiping Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Shiliang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Gezi Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
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Hou L, Ji S, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Liu P. The mechanism of silicon on alleviating cadmium toxicity in plants: A review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1141138. [PMID: 37035070 PMCID: PMC10076724 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1141138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metal elements that seriously threaten food safety and agricultural production worldwide. Because of its high solubility, cadmium can easily enter plants, inhibiting plant growth and reducing crop yield. Therefore, finding a way to alleviate the inhibitory effects of cadmium on plant growth is critical. Silicon, the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust, has been widely reported to promote plant growth and alleviate cadmium toxicity. This review summarizes the recent progress made to elucidate how silicon mitigates cadmium toxicity in plants. We describe the role of silicon in reducing cadmium uptake and transport, improving plant mineral nutrient supply, regulating antioxidant systems and optimizing plant architecture. We also summarize in detail the regulation of plant water balance by silicon, and the role of this phenomenon in enhancing plant resistance to cadmium toxicity. An in-depth analysis of literature has been conducted to identify the current problems related to cadmium toxicity and to propose future research directions.
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Espinosa F, Ortega A, Espinosa-Vellarino FL, Garrido I. Effect of Thallium(I) on Growth, Nutrient Absorption, Photosynthetic Pigments, and Antioxidant Response of Dittrichia Plants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:678. [PMID: 36978926 PMCID: PMC10045270 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dittrichia plants were exposed to thallium (Tl) stress (10, 50, and 100 µM) for 7 days. The Tl toxicity altered the absorption and accumulation of other nutrients. In both the roots and the leaves, there was a decline in K, Mg, and Fe content, but an increase in Ca, Mn, and Zn. Chlorophylls decreased, as did the photosynthetic efficiency, while carotenoids increased. Oxidative stress in the roots was reflected in increased lipid peroxidation. There was more production of superoxide (O2.-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO) in the roots than in the leaves, with increases in both organs in response to Tl toxicity, except for O2.- production in the roots, which fluctuated. There was increased hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production, especially in the leaves. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and glutathione reductase (GR) showed increased activities, except for APX and MDHAR in the roots and GR in the leaves. The components of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle were affected. Thus, ascorbate (AsA) increased, while dehydroascorbate (DHA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) decreased, except for in the roots at 100 µM Tl, which showed increased GSH. These Tl toxicity-induced alterations modify the AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG redox status. The NO and H2S interaction may act by activating the antioxidant system. The effects of Tl could be related to its strong affinity for binding with -SH groups, thus altering the functionality of proteins and the cellular redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Espinosa
- Research Group FBCMP(BBB015), Faculty of Sciences, Campus Avenida de Elvas s/n, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
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Seregin IV, Kozhevnikova AD. Phytochelatins: Sulfur-Containing Metal(loid)-Chelating Ligands in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2430. [PMID: 36768751 PMCID: PMC9917255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) are small cysteine-rich peptides capable of binding metal(loid)s via SH-groups. Although the biosynthesis of PCs can be induced in vivo by various metal(loid)s, PCs are mainly involved in the detoxification of cadmium and arsenic (III), as well as mercury, zinc, lead, and copper ions, which have high affinities for S-containing ligands. The present review provides a comprehensive account of the recent data on PC biosynthesis, structure, and role in metal(loid) transport and sequestration in the vacuoles of plant cells. A comparative analysis of PC accumulation in hyperaccumulator plants, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their shoots, and in the excluders, which accumulate metal(loid)s in their roots, investigates the question of whether the endogenous PC concentration determines a plant's tolerance to metal(loid)s. Summarizing the available data, it can be concluded that PCs are not involved in metal(loid) hyperaccumulation machinery, though they play a key role in metal(loid) homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological role of metal(loid)-binding ligands is a fundamental problem of modern molecular biology, plant physiology, ionomics, and toxicology, and is important for the development of technologies used in phytoremediation, biofortification, and phytomining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V. Seregin
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St., 35, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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Khan T, Bilal S, Asaf S, Alamri SS, Imran M, Khan AL, Al-Rawahi A, Lee IJ, Al-Harrasi A. Silicon-Induced Tolerance against Arsenic Toxicity by Activating Physiological, Anatomical and Biochemical Regulation in Phoenix dactylifera (Date Palm). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172263. [PMID: 36079645 PMCID: PMC9459973 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a toxic metal abundantly present in agricultural, industrial, and pesticide effluents. To overcome arsenic toxicity and ensure safety for plant growth, silicon (Si) can play a significant role in its mitigation. Here, we aim to investigate the influence of silicon on date palm under arsenic toxicity by screening antioxidants accumulation, hormonal modulation, and the expression profile of abiotic stress-related genes. The results showed that arsenic exposure (As: 1.0 mM) significantly retarded growth attributes (shoot length, root length, fresh weight), reduced photosynthetic pigments, and raised reactive species levels. Contrarily, exogenous application of Si (Na2SiO3) to date palm roots strongly influenced stress mitigation by limiting the translocation of arsenic into roots and shoots as compared with the arsenic sole application. Furthermore, an enhanced accumulation of polyphenols (48%) and increased antioxidant activities (POD: 50%, PPO: 75%, GSH: 26.1%, CAT: 51%) resulted in a significant decrease in superoxide anion (O2•−: 58%) and lipid peroxidation (MDA: 1.7-fold), in silicon-treated plants, compared with control and arsenic-treated plants. The Si application also reduced the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA: 38%) under normal conditions, and salicylic acid (SA: 52%) and jasmonic acid levels (JA: 62%) under stress conditions as compared with control and arsenic. Interestingly, the genes; zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) and 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED-1) involved in ABA biosynthesis were upregulated by silicon under arsenic stress. Likewise, Si application also upregulated gene expression of plant plasma membrane ATPase (PMMA-4), aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) responsible for maintaining cellular physiology, stomatal conductance, and short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) involved in nutrients translocation. Hence, the study demonstrates the remarkable role of silicon in supporting growth and inducing arsenic tolerance by increasing antioxidant activities and endogenous hormones in date palm. The outcomes of our study can be employed in further studies to better understand arsenic tolerance and decode mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Khan
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Saqib Bilal
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.L.K.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Safiya Salim Alamri
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX 77479, USA
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.L.K.); (A.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmed Al-Rawahi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Division of Plant Biosciences, School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Science, Kyungpook National University, 80 Dahak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (A.L.K.); (A.A.-H.)
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12
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Wen K, Li X, Huang R, Nian H. Application of exogenous glutathione decreases chromium translocation and alleviates its toxicity in soybean (Glycine max L.). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113405. [PMID: 35298965 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is considered one of the most severe toxic elements affecting agriculture. Soybean seedlings under chromium stress were treated with glutathione and buthionine sulfoximine. The effects of exogenous glutathione on the physiological effects of two different chromium-resistant soybean seedlings and the expression levels of expression levels related genes were studied. This study tested the seedling weight and SPAD values, detected enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase), and non-enzymatic antioxidants (i.e., glutathione, proline, soluble sugars, and soluble phenols) that attenuate chromium-induced reactive oxygen species, and quantified several genes associated with glutathione-mediated chromium stress. The results showed that exogenous glutathione could improve the physiological adaptability of soybean seedlings by regulating photosynthesis, antioxidant, and related enzyme activities, osmotic system, the compartmentalization of ion chelation, and regulating the transcription level of related genes, thereby increasing the chromium accumulation of soybean seedlings, enhancing the tolerance of chromium stress, and reducing the toxicity of chromium. Overall, the application of glutathione alleviates chromium toxicity in soybeans, and this strategy may be a potential farming option for soybean bioremediation in chromium-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wen
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong, People's Republic of China; The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China; The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; Zengcheng Teaching and Research Bases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingang Li
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong, People's Republic of China; The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China; The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; Zengcheng Teaching and Research Bases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rong Huang
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong, People's Republic of China; The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China; The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; Zengcheng Teaching and Research Bases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai Nian
- The State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China; The Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 Guangdong, People's Republic of China; The National Engineering Research Center of Plant Space Breeding, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, People's Republic of China; The Guangdong Subcenter of the National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China; Zengcheng Teaching and Research Bases, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Jiang N, Li Z, Yang J, Zu Y. Responses of antioxidant enzymes and key resistant substances in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) to cadmium and arsenic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:145. [PMID: 35337264 PMCID: PMC8957149 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) exist simultaneously in soil environment, which poses a serious threat to the safety of agricultural products and forage production. Four Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars with different accumulation characteristics ('Nicaragua', 'Venus', 'Excellent' and 'Monro') were selected as the material for pot experiment. The coupled responses of key components and related enzyme activities under combined stresses of Cd and As were investigated. key components contents include Non protein sulfhydryl (NPT), glutathione (GSH) and phytochelatins (PCs). The related enzyme includes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS), glutathione synthetase (GSS), phytochelatin synthetases (PCSase) and arsenate reductase (AR). The results showed that Cd contents of perennial ryegrass were higher than those of As contents with TFCd/As < 1. Cd and As contents in roots were in the higher proportion than those in shoots. Compared to control, POD activities increased by 2.72 folds under 120 mg kg-1 As treatment. The contents of PCs increased by 5.68 folds under 120 mg kg-1 As treatment. Under combined Cd and As stress, the MDA contents and antioxidant enzyme activities of 'Venus' were higher than those of 'Nicaragua'. 'Nicaragua', a high accumulation cultivar. Under the combined stresses of Cd and As, the enzyme activities and the key components were significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with the contents of Cd and As. The tolerance to Cd and As was improved with increase in GSH and PCs contents and γ-ECS, GSS, PCSase and AR activities. In conclusion, the antioxidant enzyme system and key resistant substances of perennial ryegrass have important and antagonistic effects on Cd and As stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Jiang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Zuran Li
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jingmin Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China
| | - Yanqun Zu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, 650201, Kunming, China.
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14
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Mir RA, Bhat BA, Yousuf H, Islam ST, Raza A, Rizvi MA, Charagh S, Albaqami M, Sofi PA, Zargar SM. Multidimensional Role of Silicon to Activate Resilient Plant Growth and to Mitigate Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:819658. [PMID: 35401625 PMCID: PMC8984490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.819658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agricultural production is critically antagonistic by fluctuating unfavorable environmental conditions. The introduction of mineral elements emerged as the most exciting and magical aspect, apart from the novel intervention of traditional and applied strategies to defend the abiotic stress conditions. The silicon (Si) has ameliorating impacts by regulating diverse functionalities on enhancing the growth and development of crop plants. Si is categorized as a non-essential element since crop plants accumulate less during normal environmental conditions. Studies on the application of Si in plants highlight the beneficial role of Si during extreme stressful conditions through modulation of several metabolites during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones are primary plant metabolites positively regulated by Si during abiotic stress conditions. Phytohormones play a pivotal role in crop plants' broad-spectrum biochemical and physiological aspects during normal and extreme environmental conditions. Frontline phytohormones include auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid. These phytohormones are internally correlated with Si in regulating abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms. This review explores insights into the role of Si in enhancing the phytohormone metabolism and its role in maintaining the physiological and biochemical well-being of crop plants during diverse abiotic stresses. Moreover, in-depth information about Si's pivotal role in inducing abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants through metabolic and molecular modulations is elaborated. Furthermore, the potential of various high throughput technologies has also been discussed in improving Si-induced multiple stress tolerance. In addition, a special emphasis is engrossed in the role of Si in achieving sustainable agricultural growth and global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeeb Ahmad Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
| | | | - Henan Yousuf
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, India
| | | | - Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University (FAFU), Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaze A. Sofi
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Sajad Majeed Zargar
- Proteomics Laboratory, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir (SKUAST-K), Srinagar, India
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15
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Kaya C, Ashraf M. Sodium hydrosulfite together with silicon detoxifies arsenic toxicity in tomato plants by modulating the AsA-GSH cycle. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118608. [PMID: 34861334 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The main intent of the current research was to appraise if combined application of hydrogen sulfide (H2S, 0.2 mM) and silicon (Si 2.0 mM) could improve tolerance of tomato plants to arsenic (As as sodium hydrogen arsenate heptahydrate, 0.2 mM) stress. Plant growth, chlorophylls (Chl), PSII maximum efficiency (Fv/Fm), H2S concentration and L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity were found to be suppressed, but leaf and root As, leaf proline content, phytochelatins, malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 as well as the activity of lipoxygenase (LOX) increased under As stress. H2S and Si supplied together or alone enhanced the concentrations of key antioxidant biomolecules such as ascorbic acid, and reduced glutathione and the activities of key antioxidant system enzymes including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST). In comparison with individual application of H2S or Si, the joint supplementation of both had better effect in improving growth and key biochemical processes, and reducing tissue As content, suggesting a putative collaborative role of both molecules in improving tolerance to As-toxicity in tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
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16
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Ahire ML, Mundada PS, Nikam TD, Bapat VA, Penna S. Multifaceted roles of silicon in mitigating environmental stresses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:291-310. [PMID: 34826705 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food security relies on plant productivity and plant's resilience to climate change driven environmental stresses. Plants employ diverse adaptive mechanisms of stress-signalling pathways, antioxidant defense, osmotic adjustment, nutrient homeostasis and phytohormones. Over the last few decades, silicon has emerged as a beneficial element for enhancing plant growth productivity. Silicon ameliorates biotic and abiotic stress conditions by regulating the physiological, biochemical and molecular responses. Si-uptake and transport are facilitated by specialized Si-transporters (Lsi1, Lsi2, Lsi3, and Lsi6) and, the differential root anatomy has been shown to reflect in the varying Si-uptake in monocot and dicot plants. Silicon mediates a number of plant processes including osmotic, ionic stress responses, metabolic processes, stomatal physiology, phytohormones, nutrients and source-sink relationship. Further studies on the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the Si transporter genes are required for better uptake and transport in spatial mode and under different stress conditions. In this article, we present an account of the availability, uptake, Si transporters and, the role of Silicon to alleviate environmental stress and improve plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Ahire
- Department of Botany, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - P S Mundada
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biotechnology, Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Satara, 415 001, Maharashtra, India
| | - T D Nikam
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, 411 007, Maharashtra, India
| | - V A Bapat
- Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416 004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400 094, Maharashtra, India.
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17
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Rastogi A, Yadav S, Hussain S, Kataria S, Hajihashemi S, Kumari P, Yang X, Brestic M. Does silicon really matter for the photosynthetic machinery in plants…? PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 169:40-48. [PMID: 34749270 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is known to alleviate the adverse impact of different abiotic and biotic stresses by different mechanisms including morphological, physiological, and genetic changes. Photosynthesis, one of the most important physiological processes in the plant is sensitive to different stress factors. Several studies have shown that Si ameliorates the stress effects on photosynthesis by protecting photosynthetic machinery and its function. In stressed plants, several photosynthesis-related processes including PSII maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the yield of photosystem II (φPSII), electron transport rates (ETR), and photochemical quenching (qP) were observed to be regulated when supplemented with Si, which indicates that Si effectively protects the photosynthetic machinery. In addition, studies also suggested that Si is capable enough to maintain the uneven swelling, disintegrated, and missing thylakoid membranes caused during stress. Furthermore, several photosynthesis-related genes were also regulated by Si supplementation. Taking into account the key impact of Si on the evolutionarily conserved process of photosynthesis in plants, this review article is focused on the aspects of silicon and photosynthesis interrelationships during stress and signaling pathways. The assemblages of this discussion shall fulfill the lack of constructive literature related to the influence of Si on one of the most dynamic and important processes of plant life i.e. photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649, Poznan, Poland; Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, 7500, AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Sajad Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sunita Kataria
- School of Biochemistry, D.A.V.V., Khandwa Road, Indore, MP, India
| | - Shokoofeh Hajihashemi
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Khuzestan, 47189-63616, Iran
| | - Pragati Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, 333515, India; Scientist Hostel-S-02, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976, Nitra, Slovak Republic; Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 16500, Prague, Czech Republic.
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18
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Azam SK, Karimi N, Souri Z, Vaculík M. Multiple effects of silicon on alleviation of arsenic and cadmium toxicity in hyperaccumulator Isatis cappadocica Desv. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:177-187. [PMID: 34634643 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) belong to the group of major pollutants extremely toxic to plants. Metal hyperaccumulating plants play an important role in phytoextraction of heavy metals. Silicon (Si) plays an important role in the amelioration of heavy metal stress through physio-biochemical mechanisms, which remain poorly understood in hyperaccumulators. The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of Si on growth and performance of As hyperaccumulator Isatis cappadocica Desv., exposed to As and Cd. Results showed that Si (especially at 1 mM level) alleviated the harmful impact of As/Cd and significantly increased the root and shoot biomass, root and shoot length and chlorophyll contents of I. cappadocica by enhancing the plant defense mechanisms. Between the two investigated harmful elements, As was accumulated in plant parts significantly more than Cd, however with considerably lower toxic growth effects. The As/Cd concentration, bioaccumulation and translocation factor and total As content both in roots and shoots of Si-supplied plant were significantly reduced as a protective mechanism, especially in Cd exposed plant. In comparison with single As/Cd treatment, Si supply reduced H2O2 content, increased total soluble protein content and enhanced glutathione S-transferase activity in shoots. The results of this study clearly showed that Si minimized As/Cd uptake and root to shoot translocation, and therefore Si cannot enhance the phytoextraction potential of this plant species. Additionally, Si-improved growth and reduced oxidative damages caused by excess of As and Cd suggested that the similar mechanisms of metal(loid) alleviation are adopted in hyperaccumulators as well as non-hyperaccumulating plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimeh Khademi Azam
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Naser Karimi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Zahra Souri
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Marek Vaculík
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 23 Bratislava, Slovakia
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19
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Basu S, Kumar G. Exploring the significant contribution of silicon in regulation of cellular redox homeostasis for conferring stress tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:393-404. [PMID: 34153883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), a bioactive metalloid is beneficial for plant growth and development. It also plays a key role in the amelioration of different abiotic and biotic stresses. Extensive studies have elucidated the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular background of Si-mediated stress tolerance in plants. However, the mechanism acquired by Si to enhance stress tolerance in plants is still unheeded. Present review summarized the prospective mechanisms of Si in acquisition of stress tolerance with emphasis on its interactions with secondary messengers. Silicon usually modulates the different gene expressions in plants under stress conditions rather than acting as a direct signal or secondary messengers. Silicon regulates the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plants under stress conditions. Furthermore, Si also activates the antioxidant defence system in plants; thereby, maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis and preventing the oxidative damage of cells. Silicon also up-regulates the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or acts synergistically with nitric oxide (NO), consequently conferring stress tolerance in plants. Overall, the review may provide a progressive understanding of the role of Si in conservation of the redox homeostasis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
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Devanna BN, Mandlik R, Raturi G, Sudhakaran SS, Sharma Y, Sharma S, Rana N, Bansal R, Barvkar V, Tripathi DK, Shivaraj SM, Deshmukh R. Versatile role of silicon in cereals: Health benefits, uptake mechanism, and evolution. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 165:173-186. [PMID: 34044226 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is an omnipresent and second most abundant element in the soil lithosphere after oxygen. Silicon being a beneficial element imparts several benefits to the plants and animals. In many plant species, including the cereals the uptake of Si from the soil even exceeds the uptake of essential nutrients. Cereals are the monocots which are known to accumulate a high amount of Si, and reaping maximum benefits associated with it. Cereals contribute a high amount of Si to the human diet compared to other food crops. In the present review, we have summarized distribution of the dietary Si in cereals and its role in the animal and human health. The Si derived benefits in cereals, specifically with respect to biotic and abiotic stress tolerance has been described. We have also discussed the molecular mechanism involved in the Si uptake in cereals, evolution of the Si transport mechanism and genetic variation in the Si concentration among different cultivars of the same species. Various genetic mutants deficient in the Si uptake have been developed and many QTLs governing the Si accumulation have been identified in cereals. The existing knowledge about the Si biology and available resources needs to be explored to understand and improve the Si accumulation in crop plants to achieve sustainability in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Devanna
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, India
| | - Rushil Mandlik
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gaurav Raturi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sreeja S Sudhakaran
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yogesh Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Nitika Rana
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ruchi Bansal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vitthal Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Durgesh K Tripathi
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, AUUP Campus Sector-125, Noida, India
| | - S M Shivaraj
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rupesh Deshmukh
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI) Mohali, Punjab, India.
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21
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Riaz M, Kamran M, Rizwan M, Ali S, Parveen A, Malik Z, Wang X. Cadmium uptake and translocation: selenium and silicon roles in Cd detoxification for the production of low Cd crops: a critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:129690. [PMID: 33524757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a primary contaminant in agricultural soils of the world. The ability of Cd uptake, transport, detoxification, and accumulation varies among different plant species and genotypes. Cd is translocated from soil to root by different transporters which are used for essential plant nutrient uptake. A number of strategies have been suggested for decreasing Cd toxicity in Cd contaminated soils. Recently, a lot of research have been carried out on minimizing Cd uptake through selenium (Se) and silicon (Si) applications. Both Se and Si have been reported to mitigate Cd toxicity in different crops. Vacuolar sequestration, formation of phytochelatins, and cell wall adsorption have been reported as effective mechanisms for Cd detoxification. The present review discussed past and current knowledge of literature to better understand Cd toxicity and its mitigation by adopting different feasible and practical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan; Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Aasma Parveen
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Zaffar Malik
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Xiurong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Root Biology Center, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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22
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Thind S, Hussain I, Ali S, Rasheed R, Ashraf MA. Silicon Application Modulates Growth, Physio-Chemicals, and Antioxidants in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Exposed to Different Cadmium Regimes. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211014646. [PMID: 34158808 PMCID: PMC8182634 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211014646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) application enhanced the tolerance of plants against different environmental stresses. Therefore, objective of the study revealed that foliar applied Si alleviates the adverse effect of Cd by enhancing the growth, metabolite accumulation, strengthening the antioxidant defense system, reducing oxidative injury, improving plant nutrient status, and decreasing the Cd uptake in wheat. The surface sterilized seeds of Sahar-2006 (tolerant) and Inqalab-91 (sensitive) having the differential metal tolerance capacity were sown in plastic pots containing normal and Cd spiked sandy loamy soil. The design of experiments was completely randomized with 3 replicates per treatment. Two weeks after germination, plants were sprayed with different concentrations of Si (1.5 and 3 mM) with 0.1% surfactant in the form of Tween-20. The plants were harvested after 2 weeks of Si application to determine various attributes. High concentration of Cd (25 mg kg-1) decreased growth-related-attributes, essential nutrient uptake and increase the levels of oxidative stress indicators. The application of Si increased the growth-related attributes, photosynthetic pigments, essential nutrient uptake and also enhanced the activities of various antioxidant compounds (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) by decreasing the contents of oxidative stress indicators and Cd uptake in root and shoot of both wheat cultivars. Sahar-2006 cultivar showed more tolerance to Cd regimes than that of Inqalab-91 as clear from greater plant dry masses. Thus, our results showed that the applied Si level (3 mM) is an efficient strategy for field use in the areas, where slightly Cd polluted soils limit the agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Thind
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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23
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Trostchansky A, Wood I, Rubbo H. Regulation of arachidonic acid oxidation and metabolism by lipid electrophiles. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 152:106482. [PMID: 33007446 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidized products such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and isoprostanes. These products may exert signaling or damaging roles during physiological and pathological conditions, some of them being markers of oxidative stress linked to inflammation. Recent data support the concept that cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) followed by cytosolic and microsomal dehydrogenases can convert AA to lipid-derived electrophiles (LDE). Lipid-derived electrophiles are fatty acid derivatives bearing an electron-withdrawing group that can react with nucleophiles at proteins, DNA, and small antioxidant molecules exerting potent signaling properties. This review aims to describe the formation, sources, and electrophilic anti-inflammatory actions of key mammalian LDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Irene Wood
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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24
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Ahmad A, Khan WU, Ali Shah A, Yasin NA, Naz S, Ali A, Tahir A, Iram Batool A. Synergistic effects of nitric oxide and silicon on promoting plant growth, oxidative stress tolerance and reduction of arsenic uptake in Brassica juncea. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128384. [PMID: 33182105 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) polluted food chain has become a serious issue for the growth and development of humans, animals and plants. Nitric oxide (NO) or silicon (Si) may mitigate As toxicity. However, the combined application of NO and Si in mitigating As uptake and phytotoxicity in Brassica juncea is unknown. Hence, the collegial effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor and Si application on B. juncea growth, gas exchange parameters, antioxidant system and As uptake was examined in a greenhouse experiment. Arsenic toxicity injured cell membrane as signposted by the elevated level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thus decreasing the growth of stressed plants. Moreover, As stress negatively affected gas exchange parameters and antioxidative system of plants. However, NO or/and Si alleviated As induced oxidative stress through increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), along with thiol and proline synthesis. Furthermore, plants treated with co-application of NO and Si showed improved growth, gas attributes and decreased As uptake under As regimes. The current study highlights that NO and Si synergistically interact to mitigate detrimental effects of As stress through reducing As uptake. Our findings recommend combined NO and Si application in As spiked soils for improvement of plant growth and stress alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/ Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Pakistan
| | | | - Shagufta Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Arifa Tahir
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Pakistan
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25
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Gaur S, Kumar J, Kumar D, Chauhan DK, Prasad SM, Srivastava PK. Fascinating impact of silicon and silicon transporters in plants: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110885. [PMID: 32650140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) is a metalloid which is gaining worldwide attention of plant scientists due to its ameliorating impact on plants' growth and development. The beneficial response of Si is observed predominantly under numerous abiotic and biotic stress conditions. However, under favorable conditions, most of the plant can grow without it. Therefore, Si has yet not been fully accepted as essential element rather it is being considered as quasi-essential for plants' growth. Si is also known to enhance resilience in plants by reducing the plant's stress. Besides its second most abundance on the earth crust, most of the soils lack plant available form of Si i.e. silicic acid. In this regard, understanding the role of Si in plant metabolism, its uptake from roots and transport to aerial tissues along with its ionomics and proteomics under different circumstances is of great concern. Plants have evolved a well-optimized Si-transport system including various transporter proteins like Low silicon1 (Lsi1), Low silicon2 (Lsi2), Low silicon3 (Lsi3) and Low silicon6 (Lsi6) at specific sub-cellular locations along with the expression profiling that creates precisely coordinated network among these transporters, which also facilitate uptake and accumulation of Si. Though, an ample amount of information is available pertinent to the solute specificity, active sites, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of these transporter genes. Similarly, the information regarding transporters involved in Si accumulation in different organelles is also available particularly in silica cells occurred in poales. But in this review, we have attempted to compile studies related to plants vis à vis Si, its role in abiotic and biotic stress, its uptake in various parts of plants via different types of Si-transporters, expression pattern, localization and the solute specificity. Besides these, this review will also provide the compiled knowledge about the genetic variation among crop plants vis à vis enhanced Si uptake and related benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gaur
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India; Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. Shakuntla Misra National Rehabilitation University, Mohaan Road, Lucknow, U.P, 226017, India.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- DD Pant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India.
| | - Prabhat Kumar Srivastava
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P, 211002, India; Department of Botany, KS Saket PG College, Ayodhya U.P, 224123., India.
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Kaya C, Sarıoğlu A, Ashraf M, Alyemeni MN, Ahmad P. Gibberellic acid-induced generation of hydrogen sulfide alleviates boron toxicity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 153:53-63. [PMID: 32474386 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
It was aimed to examine the role of gibberellic acid (GA) induced production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in alleviating boron toxicity (BT) in tomato plants. Two weeks after germination, a solution consisting of GA (100 mg L-1) was sprayed once a week for 14 days to the leaves of cv. "SC 2121" of tomato under BT stress (BT; 2.0 mM). Before starting BT treatment, half of the seedlings were retained in a solution containing a scavenger of H2S, 0.1 mM hypotaurine (HT), for 12 h. Boron toxicity led to a substantial decrease in dry biomass, leaf water potential, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm), ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) in the tomato plants. However, it increased the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and free proline as well as the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. The supplementation of GA mitigated BT by increasing the endogenous H2S, and leaf Ca2+ and K+, and reducing the contents of leaf H2O2, MDA, and B as well as membrane leakage. GA-induced BT tolerance was further enhanced by the supplementation of sodium hydrosulfide (0.2 mM NaHS), an H2S donor. A scavenger of H2S, hypotaurine (0.1 mM HT) was supplied along with the GA and NaHS treatments to assess if H2S was involved in GA-induced BT tolerance of tomato plants. Addition of HT reversed the beneficial effect of GA on oxidative stress and antioxidant defence system by reducing the endogenous H2S without changing L-DES activity, suggesting that H2S participates in GA-induced tolerance to BT of tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cengiz Kaya
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Ali Sarıoğlu
- Soil Science and Plant Nutrition Department, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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