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Yu H, Liu P, Xu J, Wang T, Lu T, Gao J, Li Q, Jiang W. The Effects of Different Durations of Night-Time Supplementary Lighting on the Growth, Yield, Quality and Economic Returns of Tomato. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1516. [PMID: 38891324 PMCID: PMC11174464 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
To achieve higher economic returns, we employ inexpensive valley electricity for night-time supplementary lighting (NSL) of tomato plants, investigating the effects of various durations of NSL on the growth, yield, and quality of tomato. Tomato plants were treated with supplementary light for a period of 0 h, 3 h, 4 h, and 5 h during the autumn-winter season. The findings revealed superior growth and yield of tomato plants exposed to 3 h, 4 h, and 5 h of NSL compared to their untreated counterparts. Notably, providing lighting for 3 h demonstrated greater yields per plant and per trough than 5 h exposure. To investigate if a reduced duration of NSL would display similar effects on the growth and yield of tomato plants, tomato plants received supplementary light for 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h at night during the early spring season. Compared to the control group, the stem diameter, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, and yield of tomatoes significantly increased upon supplementation with lighting. Furthermore, the input-output ratios of 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h NSL were calculated as 1:10.11, 1:4.38, and 1:3.92, respectively. Nonetheless, there was no detectable difference in yield between the 1 h, 2 h, and 3 h NSL groups. These findings imply that supplemental LED lighting at night affects tomato growth in the form of light signals. Night-time supplemental lighting duration of 1 h is beneficial to plant growth and yield, and its input-output ratio is the lowest, which is an appropriate NSL mode for tomato cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Yu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (P.L.); (J.X.); (T.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (P.L.); (J.X.); (T.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Jingcheng Xu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (P.L.); (J.X.); (T.W.); (T.L.)
- Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou 318014, China
| | - Tanyu Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (P.L.); (J.X.); (T.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Tao Lu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (P.L.); (J.X.); (T.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (P.L.); (J.X.); (T.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Weijie Jiang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (H.Y.); (P.L.); (J.X.); (T.W.); (T.L.)
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Zheng Y, Zou J, Lin S, Jin C, Shi M, Yang B, Yang Y, Jin D, Li R, Li Y, Wen X, Yang S, Ding X. Effects of different light intensity on the growth of tomato seedlings in a plant factory. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294876. [PMID: 38019848 PMCID: PMC10686476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were the best artificial light source for plant factories. Red light-emitting diodes (LEDs, R) and blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs, B) were used to obtain different light intensities of uniform spectra, and the greenhouse environment was considered as a comparison. The results showed that root dry weight, shoot dry weight and stem diameter were superior in plant growth under 240 μmolm-2s-1, additionally, the Dixon Quality Index (DQI) was also best. Under 240 μmolm-2s-1, the net photosynthesis rate (Pn) was consistent with the greenhouse's treatment, superior to other experimental groups. The results implied that the PPFD was more suitable for the cultivation of tomato seedlings under the condition of 240 μmolm-2s-1, and can replace the greenhouse conditions so as to save energy and reduce emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zheng
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Senmao Lin
- Tianchang Fu’an Electronic Co., Ltd., Tianchang, 239300, China
| | - Chengcui Jin
- Tianchang Fu’an Electronic Co., Ltd., Tianchang, 239300, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Bobo Yang
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Yifan Yang
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Dezhi Jin
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Rongguang Li
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- School of Science, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Xing Wen
- Shanghai Sansi Electronic Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Shaojun Yang
- Shanghai Youyou Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 202150, China
| | - Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
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Madany MMY, AbdElgawad H, Galilah DA, Khalil AMA, Saleh AM. Elevated CO 2 Can Improve the Tolerance of Avena sativa to Cope with Zirconium Pollution by Enhancing ROS Homeostasis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3792. [PMID: 38005689 PMCID: PMC10674191 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Zirconium (Zr) is one of the toxic metals that are heavily incorporated into the ecosystem due to intensive human activities. Their accumulation in the ecosystem disrupts the food chain, causing undesired alterations. Despite Zr's phytotoxicity, its impact on plant growth and redox status remains unclear, particularly if combined with elevated CO2 (eCO2). Therefore, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that eCO2 can alleviate the phytotoxic impact of Zr upon oat (Avena sativa) plants by enhancing their growth and redox homeostasis. A complete randomized block experimental design (CRBD) was applied to test our hypothesis. Generally, contamination with Zr strikingly diminished the biomass and photosynthetic efficiency of oat plants. Accordingly, contamination with Zr triggered remarkable oxidative damage in oat plants, with concomitant alteration in the antioxidant defense system of oat plants. Contrarily, elevated levels of CO2 (eCO2) significantly mitigated the adverse effect of Zr upon both fresh and dry weights as well as the photosynthesis of oat plants. The improved photosynthesis consequently quenched the oxidative damage caused by Zr by reducing the levels of both H2O2 and MDA. Moreover, eCO2 augmented the total antioxidant capacity with the concomitant accumulation of molecular antioxidants (e.g., polyphenols, flavonoids). In addition, eCO2 not only improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) but also boosted the ASC/GSH metabolic pool that plays a pivotal role in regulating redox homeostasis in plant cells. In this regard, our research offers a novel perspective by delving into the previously unexplored realm of the alleviative effects of eCO2. It sheds light on how eCO2 distinctively mitigates oxidative stress induced by Zr, achieving this by orchestrating adjustments to the redox balance within oat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M. Y. Madany
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
| | - Doaa A. Galilah
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. A. Khalil
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Saleh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science at Yanbu, Taibah University, King Khalid Rd., Al Amoedi, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia
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da Silva Fortirer J, Grandis A, Pagliuso D, de Toledo Castanho C, Buckeridge MS. Meta-analysis of the responses of tree and herb to elevated CO 2 in Brazil. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15832. [PMID: 37739974 PMCID: PMC10517018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40783-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The CO2 concentration has increased in the atmosphere due to fossil fuel consumption, deforestation, and land-use changes. Brazil represents one of the primary sources of food on the planet and is also the world's largest tropical rainforest, one of the hot spots of biodiversity in the world. In this work, a meta-analysis was conducted to compare several CO2 Brazilian experiments displaying the diversity of plant responses according to life habits, such as trees (79% natives and 21% cultivated) and herbs (33% natives and 67% cultivated). We found that trees and herbs display different responses. The young trees tend to allocate carbon from increased photosynthetic rates and lower respiration in the dark-to organ development, increasing leaves, roots, and stem biomasses. In addition, more starch is accumulated in the young trees, denoting a fine control of carbon metabolism through carbohydrate storage. Herbs increased drastically in water use efficiency, controlled by stomatal conductance, with more soluble sugars, probably with a transient accumulation of carbon primarily stored in seeds as a response to elevated CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina da Silva Fortirer
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco, Botany Department, Biosciences Institute at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Grandis
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco, Botany Department, Biosciences Institute at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Pagliuso
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco, Botany Department, Biosciences Institute at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Ecológica de Plantas, Lafieco, Botany Department, Biosciences Institute at University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lima IHA, Rodrigues AA, Resende EC, da Silva FB, Farnese FDS, Silva LDJ, Rosa M, Reis MNO, Bessa LA, de Oliveira TC, Januário AH, Silva FG. Light means power: harnessing light spectrum and UV-B to enhance photosynthesis and rutin levels in microtomato plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1261174. [PMID: 37731978 PMCID: PMC10507176 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1261174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Urban vertical agriculture with lighting system can be an alternative green infrastructure to increase local food production irrespective of environmental and soil conditions. In this system, light quality control can improve the plant physiological performance, well as induce metabolic pathways that contribute to producing phenolic compounds important to human health. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of RBW (red, blue and white) and monochromatic (red and blue; R and B, respectively) light associated or not with UV-B on photosynthetic performance and phenolic compound production in microtomato fruits cultivated via vertical agriculture. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized, with six replicates illuminated with 300 µmol·m-2·s-1 light intensities (RBW, RBW + UV, B, B + UV, R, and R + UV), 12 h photoperiod, and 3.7 W·m-2 UV-B irradiation for 1 h daily for the physiological evaluations. Twenty-six days after the installation, gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence and nocturnal breathing were evaluated. Fruits in different ripening stages (green, orange, and red) were collected from microtomato plants grown under with different light qualities, to evaluate the physiological performance. The identification and quantification of the phenolic compound rutin was also performed to investigate their metabolic response. This study identified that plants grown under B + UV had high photosynthetic rates (A=11.57 µmol·m-2·s-1) and the fruits at all maturation stages from plants grown under B and B + UV had high rutin content. Meanwhile, the activation of suppressive mechanisms was necessary in plants grown under R because of the high nocturnal respiration and unregulated quantum yield of the non-photochemical dissipation of the photosystem II. These results highlight the importance of selecting light wavelength for vegetable cultivation to produce fruits with a high content of specialized metabolites that influence color, flavor, and health promotion, which is of special interest to farmers using sustainable cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iury Henrique Almeida Lima
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Vertical Agriculture, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Arthur Almeida Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Vertical Agriculture, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Erika Crispim Resende
- Department of Biomolecules, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Iporá, Brazil
| | - Fábia Barbosa da Silva
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Vertical Agriculture, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Fernanda dos Santos Farnese
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Lucas de Jesus Silva
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Vertical Agriculture, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Márcio Rosa
- PostGraduate Program in Plant Production, University of Rio Verde, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Mateus Neri Oliveira Reis
- Biodiversity Metabolism and Genetics Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Layara Alexandre Bessa
- Biodiversity Metabolism and Genetics Laboratory, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Thales Caetano de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Vertical Agriculture, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Ana Helena Januário
- Research Center for Exact and Technological Sciences, Franca University, Franca, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Laboratory of Advanced Studies in Vertical Agriculture, Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Rio Verde, Brazil
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Jo NY, Lee J, Byeon JE, Park HJ, Ryoo JW, Hwang SG. Elevated CO 2 concentration induces changes in plant growth, transcriptome, and antioxidant activity in fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1067713. [PMID: 36570891 PMCID: PMC9780672 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1067713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) is widely used to produce natural bio-materials. Elevated CO2 (eCO2) concentrations in the atmosphere improve the net photosynthesis of plants. METHODS The aim of the present study was to investigate distinct changes in fennel growth characteristics and phytonutrient contents under different CO2 concentrations. The effects of 400 and 800 ppm concentrations on plant growth and antioxidant activity were observed under hydroponics. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Plant growth was improved by eCO2 concentrations. We also observed diverse changes in nutrient solution (pH, electrical conductivity, and dissolved oxygen) and environmental factors (temperature and humidity) in greenhouse under light or dark conditions. Electrical conductivity increased under dark and eCO2 conditions, whereas the pH decreased. Additionally, we performed transcriptome analysis and identified CO2-responsive differentially expressed genes. In the 800 ppm group, genes involved in photosynthesis and Karrikin response were upregulated whereas those involved in syncytium formation were downregulated. Four upregulated differentially expressed genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and total flavonoid content were relatively increased under the 800 ppm CO2 condition. In contrast, antioxidant activity, including total phenolic content, scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing antioxidant power, and reducing power were decreased in fennel under relatively high eCO2 concentrations. Moreover, different light intensities of 12 or 24 lx did not affect the growth and antioxidant activity of fennel, suggesting eCO2 has a stronger effect on plant improvement than light intensity. The results of the present study enhance our understanding of the positive effects of CO2 on the growth and antioxidant activity of fennel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Yeon Jo
- College of Life and Environment Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - Junkyung Lee
- College of Life and Environment Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Byeon
- College of Life and Environment Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - Hong-Jin Park
- Department of computer and Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - Jong-Won Ryoo
- College of Life and Environment Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si, South Korea
| | - Sun-Goo Hwang
- College of Life and Environment Science, Sangji University, Wonju-si, South Korea
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Zhou Q, Zhao F, Zhang H, Zhu Z. Responses of the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, endogenous hormones and antioxidant activity of Carpinus betulus L. seedlings to different light intensities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055984. [PMID: 36531368 PMCID: PMC9751822 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Light is an important ecological factor that affects plant growth, survival and distribution. Carpinus betulus L. is native to central Europe and is used as an ornamental plant with strong adaptability. It is an important tree species for landscaping and timber use. What's more, the antioxidant- and anticancer-related properties of C. betulus leaf extracts are remarkable, that make it a possible raw material for medicine. Light intensity is an important environmental factor affecting the growth and physicochemical changes of C. betulus, but the mechanism of its effect on this species still remains unknown. In this study, the growth, photosynthetic characteristics, endogenous hormones and antioxidant activity responses of C. betulus seedlings to four light intensity gradients (T0: normal light; T1: 75%; T2: 50%; T3: 25% of normal light) were studied after 60 days of shading treatments. The results showed a significant effect of low light intensity on the values of the growth and physiological parameters of C. betulus. The low light intensity caused the inhibition of plant biomass accumulation and the degradation of photosynthetic capacity and stomatal behavior and aggravated the cell membrane lipid peroxidation. However, the plant height growth, leaf area, specific leaf area, photosynthetic pigment content, and contents of GA3 and ABA of C. betulus increased with decreasing light intensity. We found that C. betulus can tolerate mild (T1) and moderate (T2) shading stress by developing photoprotective mechanisms and maintaining relatively high concentrations of organic osmolytes and high antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase), but the ability of C. betulus to synthesize osmotic substances and enzymatic antioxidants was impaired under severe shading conditions (T3). Our results suggest that C. betulus can make effective use of low light resources by adjusting its morphology, material distribution, photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzyme system in suitable low-light environments (50%~75% of normal light); however, light intensity levels that are too low (25% of normal light) will have adverse effects on plant growth. The results of this study provide not only new insights into the response mechanisms of C. betulus to light intensity but also a scientific basis for the cultivation and application of C. betulus in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- School of Environment and Ecology, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, China
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- School of Engineering and Architecture, Jiangsu Open University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunling Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
- College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Chen ZF, Wang TH, Feng CY, Guo HF, Guan XX, Zhang TL, Li WZ, Xing GM, Sun S, Tan GF. Multigene manipulation of photosynthetic carbon metabolism enhances the photosynthetic capacity and biomass yield of cucumber under low-CO 2 environment. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1005261. [PMID: 36330244 PMCID: PMC9623318 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1005261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Solar greenhouses are important in the vegetable production and widely used for the counter-season production in the world. However, the CO2 consumed by crops for photosynthesis after sunrise is not supplemented and becomes chronically deficient due to the airtight structure of solar greenhouses. Vegetable crops cannot effectively utilize light resources under low-CO2 environment, and this incapability results in reduced photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. We used cucumber as a model plant and generated several sets of transgenic cucumber plants overexpressing individual genes, including β-carbonic anhydrase 1 (CsβCA1), β-carbonic anhydrase 4 (CsβCA4), and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (CsSBP); fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (CsFBA), and CsβCA1 co-expressing plants; CsβCA4, CsSBP, and CsFBA co-expressing plants (14SF). The results showed that the overexpression of CsβCA1, CsβCA4, and 14SF exhibited higher photosynthetic and biomass yield in transgenic cucumber plants under low-CO2 environment. Further enhancements in photosynthesis and biomass yield were observed in 14SF transgenic plants under low-CO2 environment. The net photosynthesis biomass yield and photosynthetic rate increased by 49% and 79% compared with those of the WT. However, the transgenic cucumbers of overexpressing CsFBA and CsSBP showed insignificant differences in photosynthesis and biomass yield compared with the WT under low-CO2.environment. Photosynthesis, fluorescence parameters, and enzymatic measurements indicated that CsβCA1, CsβCA4, CsSBP, and CsFBA had cumulative effects in photosynthetic carbon assimilation under low-CO2 environment. Co-expression of this four genes (CsβCA1, CsβCA4, CsSBP, and CsFBA) can increase the carboxylation activity of RuBisCO and promote the regeneration of RuBP. As a result, the 14SF transgenic plants showed a higher net photosynthetic rate and biomass yield even under low-CO2environment.These findings demonstrate the possibility of cultivating crops with high photosynthetic efficiency by manipulating genes involved in the photosynthetic carbon assimilation metabolic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Feng Chen
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Tian-Hong Wang
- Fruit and Vegetable Research Institute, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zunyi, China
| | - Chao-Yang Feng
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Hai-Feng Guo
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Guan
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Tian-Li Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Wen-Zhao Li
- College of Biology and Agricultural Technology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, China
| | - Guo-Ming Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Sheng Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong, China
| | - Guo-Fei Tan
- Institute of Horticulture, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
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Effect of Light Intensity on Morphology, Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Seedlings. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131688. [PMID: 35807640 PMCID: PMC9269066 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To understand how light intensity influences plant morphology and photosynthesis in the forage crop alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Zhongmu 1), we investigated changes in leaf angle orientation, chlorophyll fluorescence, parameters of photosynthesis and expression of genes related to enzymes involved in photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle and carbon metabolism in alfalfa seedlings exposed to five light intensities (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μmol m−2 s−1) under hydroponic conditions. Seedlings grown under low light intensities had significantly increased plant height, leaf hyponasty, specific leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, leaf nitrogen content and maximal PSII quantum yield, but the increased light-capturing capacity generated a carbon resource cost (e.g., decreased carbohydrates and biomass accumulation). Increased light intensity significantly improved leaf orientation toward the sun and upregulated the genes for Calvin cycle enzymes, thereby increasing photosynthetic capacity. Furthermore, high light (400 and 500 μmol m−2 s−1) significantly enhanced carbohydrate accumulation, accompanied by gene upregulation and increased activity of sucrose and starch-synthesis-related enzymes and those involved in carbon metabolism. Together, these results advance our understanding of morphological and physiological regulation in shade avoidance in alfalfa, which would guide the identification of suitable spatial planting patterns in the agricultural system.
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10
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Poorter H, Knopf O, Wright IJ, Temme AA, Hogewoning SW, Graf A, Cernusak LA, Pons TL. A meta-analysis of responses of C 3 plants to atmospheric CO 2 : dose-response curves for 85 traits ranging from the molecular to the whole-plant level. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1560-1596. [PMID: 34657301 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Generalised dose-response curves are essential to understand how plants acclimate to atmospheric CO2 . We carried out a meta-analysis of 630 experiments in which C3 plants were experimentally grown at different [CO2 ] under relatively benign conditions, and derived dose-response curves for 85 phenotypic traits. These curves were characterised by form, plasticity, consistency and reliability. Considered over a range of 200-1200 µmol mol-1 CO2 , some traits more than doubled (e.g. area-based photosynthesis; intrinsic water-use efficiency), whereas others more than halved (area-based transpiration). At current atmospheric [CO2 ], 64% of the total stimulation in biomass over the 200-1200 µmol mol-1 range has already been realised. We also mapped the trait responses of plants to [CO2 ] against those we have quantified before for light intensity. For most traits, CO2 and light responses were of similar direction. However, some traits (such as reproductive effort) only responded to light, others (such as plant height) only to [CO2 ], and some traits (such as area-based transpiration) responded in opposite directions. This synthesis provides a comprehensive picture of plant responses to [CO2 ] at different integration levels and offers the quantitative dose-response curves that can be used to improve global change simulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Oliver Knopf
- Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ian J Wright
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Andries A Temme
- Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Graf
- Agrosphere (IBG-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lucas A Cernusak
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Qld, 4879, Australia
| | - Thijs L Pons
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, 3512 PN, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Effects of NIR Reflective Film as a High Tunnel-Covering Material on Fruit Cracking and Biomass Production of Tomatoes. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tomatoes require higher irradiance, although the incidence of physiological disorders in fruit increases at high temperatures. Near-infrared (800–2500 nm) (NIR) reflective materials are effective tools to suppress rising air temperatures in greenhouses. We examined the physiological and morphological changes in tomato growth and fruit quality when grown in a high tunnel covered with NIR reflective film (NR) and in another covered with polyolefin film (PO; control). There was no relationship between the fruit cracking rate and mean daytime temperature under NR. The fruit temperature at the same truss was lower and the increase in air temperature was slow under NR. Fruit dry matter (DM) content under NR was also significantly decreased. These findings suggest that the reduction in fruit cracking under NR results from a decrease in fruit DM content as a consequence of lower fruit temperature and a decrease in total DM (TDM). Total fruit yield did not differ, whereas TDM was significantly decreased under NR. This was considered to result from a lower transmitted photosynthetic photon flux density (400–700 nm) (PPFD) and LAI, and lower photosynthetic capacity in single leaves because of a decrease in both total nitrogen and chlorophyll content. We conclude that NR film reduces fruit cracking in exchange for a slight reduction in TDM.
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Chaudhry S, Sidhu GPS. Climate change regulated abiotic stress mechanisms in plants: a comprehensive review. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1-31. [PMID: 34351488 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change is identified as a major threat to survival of natural ecosystems. Climate change is a dynamic, multifaceted system of alterations in environmental conditions that affect abiotic and biotic components of the world. It results in alteration in environmental conditions such as heat waves, intensity of rainfall, CO2 concentration and temperature that lead to rise in new pests, weeds and pathogens. Climate change is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth and development worldwide. It impairs growth, disturbs photosynthesis, and reduces physiological responses in plants. The variations in global climate have gained the attention of researchers worldwide, as these changes negatively affect the agriculture by reducing crop productivity and food security. With this background, this review focuses on the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, drought and salinity on the morphology, physiology and biochemistry of plants. Furthermore, this paper outlines an overview on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and their impact on the biochemical and molecular status of plants with increased climatic variations. Also additionally, different tolerance strategies adopted by plants to combat environmental adversities have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Chaudhry
- Institute of Environmental Studies, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
- Centre for Applied Biology in Environment Sciences, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India.
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Li Y, Xin G, Liu C, Shi Q, Yang F, Wei M. Effects of red and blue light on leaf anatomy, CO 2 assimilation and the photosynthetic electron transport capacity of sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:318. [PMID: 32631228 PMCID: PMC7336438 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02523-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The red (R) and blue (B) light wavelengths are known to influence many plant physiological processes during growth and development, particularly photosynthesis. To understand how R and B light influences plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis, we investigated changes in leaf anatomy, chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters, and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) and Calvin cycle-related enzymes expression and their activities in sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedlings exposed to four light qualities: monochromatic white (W, control), R, B and mixed R and B (RB) light with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 300 μmol/m2·s. RESULTS The results revealed that seedlings grown under R light had lower biomass accumulation, CO2 assimilation and photosystem II (PSII) electron transportation compared to plants grown under other treatments. These changes are probably due to inactivation of the photosystem (PS). Biomass accumulation and CO2 assimilation were significantly enriched in B- and RB-grown plants, especially the latter treatment. Their leaves were also thicker, and photosynthetic electron transport capacity, as well as the photosynthetic rate were enhanced. The up-regulation of the expression and activities of Rubisco, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) and glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which involved in the Calvin cycle and are probably the main enzymatic factors contributing to RuBP (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate) synthesis, were also increased. CONCLUSIONS Mixed R and B light altered plant photomorphogenesis and photosynthesis, mainly through its effects on leaf anatomy, photosynthetic electron transportation and the expression and activities of key Calvin cycle enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Guofeng Xin
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Dr, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Qinghua Shi
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Min Wei
- College of Horticultural Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Environment Controlled Agricultural Engineering in Huang-Huai-Hai Region, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai'an, China.
- Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production, Tai'an, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China.
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MacDonald JG, Rodriguez K, Quirk S. An Oxygen Delivery Polymer Enhances Seed Germination in a Martian-like Environment. ASTROBIOLOGY 2020; 20:846-863. [PMID: 32196355 PMCID: PMC7368388 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2019.2056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Critical to the success of establishing a sustainable human presence on Mars is the ability to economically grow crop plants. Several environmental factors make it difficult to fully rely on local resources for agriculture. These include nutrient sparse regolith, low and fluctuating temperatures, a high amount of ultraviolet radiation, and water trapped locally in the form of ice or metal oxides. While the 96% CO2 martian atmosphere is ideal to support photosynthesis, high CO2 concentrations inhibit germination. An added difficulty is the fact that a vast majority of crop plants require oxygen for germination. Here, we report the production of a polymer-based oxygen delivery system that supports the germination and growth of cress seeds (Lepidium sativum) in a martian regolith simulant under a martian atmosphere at 101 kPa. The oxygen-donating system is based on a low-density lightly cross-linked polyacrylate that is foamed and converted into a dry powder. It is lightweight, added in low amounts to regolith simulant, and efficiently donates enough oxygen throughout the volume of hydrated regolith simulant to fully support seed germination and plant growth. Germination rates, plant development, and plant mass are nearly identical for L. sativum grown in 100% CO2 in the presence of the oxygen-donating lightly cross-linked polyacrylate compared with plants grown in air. The polymer system also serves to protect root structures and better anchors plants in the regolith simulant.
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