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Rahul PV, Yadukrishnan P, Sasidharan A, Datta S. The B-box protein BBX13/COL15 suppresses photoperiodic flowering by attenuating the action of CONSTANS in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39189944 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The optimal timing of transition from vegetative to floral reproductive phase is critical for plant productivity and agricultural yields. Light plays a decisive role in regulating this transition. The B-box (BBX) family of transcription factors regulates several light-mediated developmental processes in plants, including flowering. Here, we identify a previously uncharacterized group II BBX family member, BBX13/COL15, as a negative regulator of flowering under long-day conditions. BBX13 is primarily expressed in the leaf vasculature, buds, and flowers, showing a similar spatial expression pattern to the major flowering time regulators CO and FT. bbx13 mutants flower early, while BBX13-overexpressors exhibit delayed flowering under long days. Genetic analyses showed that BBX13 acts upstream to CO and FT and negatively regulates their expression. BBX13 physically interacts with CO and inhibits the CO-mediated transcriptional activation of FT. In addition, BBX13 directly binds to the CORE2 motif on the FT promoter, where CO also binds. Chromatin immunoprecipitation data indicates that BBX13 reduces the in vivo binding of CO on the FT promoter. Through luciferase assay, we found that BBX13 inhibits the CO-mediated transcriptional activation of FT. Together, these findings suggest that BBX13/COL15 represses flowering in Arabidopsis by attenuating the binding of CO on the FT promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puthan Valappil Rahul
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Premachandran Yadukrishnan
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Anagha Sasidharan
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Datta
- Plant Cell and Developmental Biology Lab, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhauri, Madhya Pradesh, India
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2
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Qu L, Zhong M, Duan F, Li X, Yang J, Zhou Q, Tang D, He R, Liu X, Zhao X. The PHYB-FOF2-VOZ2 module functions to fine-tune flowering in response to changes in light quality by modulating FLC expression in Arabidopsis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100922. [PMID: 38616490 PMCID: PMC11287145 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Proper timing of flowering under different environmental conditions is critical for plant propagation. Light quality is a pivotal environmental cue that plays a critical role in flowering regulation. Plants tend to flower late under light with a high red (R)/far-red (FR) light ratio but early under light with a low R/FR light ratio. However, how plants fine-tune flowering in response to changes in light quality is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that F-box of Flowering 2 (FOF2), an autonomous pathway-related regulator, physically interacts with VASCULAR PLANT ONE-ZINC FINGER 1 and 2 (VOZ1 and VOZ2), which are direct downstream factors of the R/FR light receptor phytochrome B (PHYB). We show that PHYB physically interacts with FOF2, mediates stabilization of the FOF2 protein under FR light and end-of-day FR light, and enhances FOF2 binding to VOZ2, which leads to degradation of VOZ2 by SCFFOF2 E3 ligase. By contrast, PHYB mediates degradation of FOF2 protein under R light and end-of-day R light. Genetic interaction studies demonstrated that FOF2 functions downstream of PHYB to promote FLC expression and inhibit flowering under both high R/FR light and simulated shade conditions, processes that are partially dependent on VOZ proteins. Taken together, our findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby plants fine-tune flowering time through a PHYB-FOF2-VOZ2 module that modulates FLC expression in response to changes in light quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Qu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Feifei Duan
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Xinmei Li
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Dongying Tang
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Reqing He
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Xiaoying Zhao
- College of Biology, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan Engineering and Technology Research Center of Hybrid Rapeseed, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Shenzhen Institute, Hunan University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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3
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Gomes EN, Yuan B, Patel HK, Lockhart A, Wyenandt CA, Wu Q, Simon JE. Implications of the Propagation Method for the Phytochemistry of Nepeta cataria L. throughout a Growing Season. Molecules 2024; 29:2001. [PMID: 38731491 PMCID: PMC11085440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) plants produce a wide array of specialized metabolites with multiple applications for human health. The productivity of such metabolites, including nepetalactones, and natural insect repellents is influenced by the conditions under which the plants are cultivated. In this study, we assessed how field-grown catnip plants, transplanted after being propagated via either single-node stem cuttings or seeds, varied regarding their phytochemical composition throughout a growing season in two distinct environmental conditions (Pittstown and Upper Deerfield) in the state of New Jersey, United States. Iridoid terpenes were quantified in plant tissues via ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS), and phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids) were analyzed via UHPLC with diode-array detection (UHPLC-DAD). The highest contents of total nepetalactones in Pittstown were found at 6 weeks after transplanting (WAT) for both seedlings and cuttings (1305.4 and 1223.3 mg/100 g, respectively), while in Upper Deerfield, the highest contents for both propagules were at 11 WAT (1247.7 and 997.1 mg/100 g, respectively) for seed-propagated and stem cuttings). The highest concentration of nepetalactones was associated with floral-bud to partial-flowering stages. Because plants in Pittstown accumulated considerably more biomass than plants grown in Upper Deerfield, the difference in nepetalactone production per plant was striking, with peak productivity reaching only 598.9 mg per plant in Upper Deerfield and 1833.1 mg per plant in Pittstown. Phenolic acids accumulated in higher contents towards the end of the season in both locations, after a period of low precipitation, and flavone glycosides had similar accumulation patterns to nepetalactones. In both locations, rooted stem cuttings reached their maximum nepetalactone productivity, on average, four weeks later than seed-propagated plants, suggesting that seedlings have, overall, better agronomic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Nunes Gomes
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (CAPES), Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, DF, Brazil
| | - Bo Yuan
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Harna K. Patel
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Anthony Lockhart
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Core Facility for Natural Products and Bioanalysis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Christian A. Wyenandt
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers Agricultural Research and Extension Center (RAREC), Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, Bridgeton, NJ 08302, USA
| | - Qingli Wu
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Core Facility for Natural Products and Bioanalysis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - James E. Simon
- New Use Agriculture and Natural Plant Products Program, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Rutgers Core Facility for Natural Products and Bioanalysis, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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4
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Wang W, Kim J, Martinez TS, Huq E, Sung S. COP1 controls light-dependent chromatin remodeling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312853121. [PMID: 38349881 PMCID: PMC10895365 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312853121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Light is a crucial environmental factor that impacts various aspects of plant development. Phytochromes, as light sensors, regulate myriads of downstream genes to mediate developmental reprogramming in response to changes in environmental conditions. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) is an E3 ligase for a number of substrates in light signaling, acting as a central repressor of photomorphogenesis. The interplay between phytochrome B (phyB) and COP1 forms an antagonistic regulatory module that triggers extensive gene expression reprogramming when exposed to light. Here, we uncover a role of COP1 in light-dependent chromatin remodeling through the regulation of VIL1 (VIN3-LIKE 1)/VERNALIZATION 5, a Polycomb protein. VIL1 directly interacts with phyB and regulates photomorphogenesis through the formation of repressive chromatin loops at downstream growth-promoting genes in response to light. Furthermore, we reveal that COP1 governs light-dependent formation of chromatin loop and limiting a repressive histone modification to fine-tune expressions of growth-promoting genes during photomorphogenesis through VIL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Junghyun Kim
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Teresa S. Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
| | - Sibum Sung
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX78712
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5
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Rehman S, Bahadur S, Xia W. An overview of floral regulatory genes in annual and perennial plants. Gene 2023; 885:147699. [PMID: 37567454 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The floral initiation in angiosperms is a complex process influenced by endogenous and exogenous signals. With this approach, we aim to provide a comprehensive review to integrate this complex floral regulatory process and summarize the regulatory genes and their functions in annuals and perennials. Seven primary paths leading to flowering have been discovered in Arabidopsis under several growth condition that include; photoperiod, ambient temperature, vernalization, gibberellins, autonomous, aging and carbohydrates. These pathways involve a series of interlinked signaling pathways that respond to both internal and external signals, such as light, temperature, hormones, and developmental cues, to coordinate the expression of genes that are involved in flower development. Among them, the photoperiodic pathway was the most important and conserved as some of the fundamental loci and mechanisms are shared even by closely related plant species. The activation of floral regulatory genes such as FLC, FT, LFY, and SOC1 that determine floral meristem identity and the transition to the flowering stage result from the merging of these pathways. Recent studies confirmed that alternative splicing, antisense RNA and epigenetic modification play crucial roles by regulating the expression of genes related to blooming. In this review, we documented recent progress in the floral transition time in annuals and perennials, with emphasis on the specific regulatory mechanisms along with the application of various molecular approaches including overexpression studies, RNA interference and Virus-induced flowering. Furthermore, the similarities and differences between annual and perennial flowering will aid significant contributions to the field by elucidating the mechanisms of perennial plant development and floral initiation regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazia Rehman
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- College of Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228 China
| | - Wei Xia
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institution, Hainan University, Haikou 572025, China; College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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6
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Liu LY, Jia MZ, Wang SN, Han S, Jiang J. Identification and characterization of cotton PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs in temperature-dependent flowering. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023:erad119. [PMID: 36988239 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) assimilate with light and temperature signs to control plant growth and development. However, little is known about PIFs in crop plants such as cotton. Here, we identified 68 PIF proteins and their coding genes from an allotetraploid and three diploid ancestors. Cotton PIFs contain typical APA and APB motifs by means of which they bind to phytochrome phyA and phyB, respectively, and have a bHLH domain and a nuclear localization sequence necessary for bHLH-type transcription factors. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the promoter of each PIF gene contains multiple cis-acting elements and that the evolution of cotton genomes likely underwent loss, recombination, and tandem replication. Further observations indicated that the sensitivity of cotton PIF expression to low or high temperature was significantly different, of which allotetraploid Gossypium hirsutum PIF4a (GhPIF4a) was induced by high temperature. GhPIF4a promotes flowering in cotton and Arabidopsis and binds to the promoter of GhFT (FLOWERING LOCUS T) increasing with temperature rise. In conclusion, our work identifies the evolutionary and structural characteristics and functions of PIF family members in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Shuan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, College of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
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7
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Liang RZ, Luo C, Liu Y, Hu WL, Guo YH, Yu HX, Lu TT, Chen SQ, Zhang XJ, He XH. Overexpression of two CONSTANS-like 2 (MiCOL2) genes from mango delays flowering and enhances tolerance to abiotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 327:111541. [PMID: 36417961 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The CO/COL gene family plays an important role in regulating photoperiod-dependent flowering time in plants. In this study, two COL2 gene homologs, MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B, were isolated from 'SiJiMi' mango, and their expression patterns and functions were characterized. The MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B genes both belonged to the group Ⅰ of CO/COL gene family. MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B exhibited distinct circadian rhythms and were highly expressed in leaves during the flowering induction period. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B are localized in the nucleus. The overexpression of MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B significantly delayed flowering time in Arabidopsis under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions. The MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B overexpression Arabidopsis plants exhibited more tolerance to slat and drought stress after abiotic stress treatments, with greater ROS scavenging capacity and protective enzyme activity, less cell damage and death and higher expression of stress response genes than wild type plants. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) analysis showed that MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B interacted with several stress-related proteins, including zinc finger protein 4 (MiZFP4), MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 (MiMIEL1) and RING zinc finger protein 34 (MiRZFP34). The results indicate that MiCOL2A and MiCOL2B are not only involved in flowering time but also play a positive role in abiotic stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Cong Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Wan-Li Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Yi-Hang Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Ting-Ting Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Shu-Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xin-Hua He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China.
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8
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Kath J, Byrareddy VM, Reardon-Smith K, Mushtaq S. Early flowering changes robusta coffee yield responses to climate stress and management. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158836. [PMID: 36122728 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A shift towards earlier flowering is a widely noted consequence of climate change for the world's plants. However, whether early flowering changes the way in which plants respond to climate stress, and in turn plant yield, remains largely unexplored. Using 10 years of flowering time and yield observations (Total N = 5580) from 558 robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) farms across Vietnam we used structural equation modelling (SEM) to examine the drivers of flowering day anomalies and the consequent effects of this on coffee climate stress sensitivity and management responses (i.e. irrigation and fertilization). SEM allowed us to model the cascading and interacting effects of differences in flowering time, growing season length and climate stress. Warm nights were the main driver of early flowering (i.e. flowering day anomalies <0), which in turn corresponded to longer growing seasons. Early flowering was linked to greater sensitivity of yield to temperature during flowering (i.e. early in the season). In contrast, when late flowering occurred yield was most sensitive to temperature and rainfall later in the growing season, after flowering and fruit development. The positive effects of tree age and fertilizer on yield, apparent under late flowering conditions, were absent when flowering occurred early. Late flowering models predicted yields under early flowering conditions poorly (a 50 % reduction in cross-validated R2 of 0.54 to 0.27). Likewise, models based on early flowering were unable to predict yields well under late flowering conditions (a 75 % reduction in cross-validated R2, from 0.58 to 0.14). Our results show that early flowering changes the sensitivity of coffee production to climate stress and management and in turn our ability to predict yield. Our results indicate that changes in plant phenology need to be taken into account in order to more accurately assess climate risk and management impacts on plant performance and crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod Kath
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Vivekananda Mittahalli Byrareddy
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; Future Drought Fund Hub (Research), University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn Reardon-Smith
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahbaz Mushtaq
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Shkryl Y, Yugay Y, Vasyutkina E, Chukhlomina E, Rusapetova T, Bulgakov V. The RolB/RolC homolog from sweet potato promotes early flowering and triggers premature leaf senescence in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 193:50-60. [PMID: 36323197 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Expression of the root oncogenic loci (rol) genes from Agrobacterium rhizogenes provokes multiple divergent effects on physiological properties in transgenic plants and cell cultures. Recently, the homolog of the rolB and rolC oncogenes, named Ib-rolB/C, has been identified in the genome of a naturally transgenic food crop, i.e. sweet potato. In this study, we revealed that the Ipomoea batatas genome contains two full-length copies of Ib-rolB/C. The expression level of Ib-rolB/C in leaves of sweet potato showed a clear age-dependent pattern and increased as leaves senesce. Moreover, dark-induced senescence strongly up-regulates transcription of the Ib-rolB/C gene. Though Ib-rolB/C shares homology with its counterparts in A. rhizogenes, this gene was not capable to induce hairy roots or tumors in kalanchoe and tobacco plants. The Ib-rolB/C gene induced early-flowering phenotype, altered leaf morphology, and promoted premature leaf senescence in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants. At the same time, Ib-rolB/C did not affect root morphology and biomass. Our results suggest that Ib-RolB/RolC participates in both age- and dark-triggered leaf senescence programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.
| | - Yulia Yugay
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Elena Vasyutkina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Chukhlomina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Tatiana Rusapetova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Victor Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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10
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Zhao X, Yu F, Guo Q, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Characterization, and Expression Profile Analysis of CONSTANS-like Genes in Woodland Strawberry ( Fragaria vesca). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931721. [PMID: 35903224 PMCID: PMC9318167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONSTANS-like (CO-like) gene is one of the most important regulators in the flowering process of the plant, playing a core role in the photoperiodic flowering induction pathway. In this study, we identified 10 distinct CO-like genes (FveCOs) in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca). They were classified into three groups with specific gene structure characteristics or protein domains in each group. The effect of selection pressure on the FveCOs in the woodland strawberry was tested by Ka/Ks, and it was shown that the evolution rate of FveCOs was controlled by purification selection factors. Intraspecific synteny analysis of woodland strawberry FveCOs showed that at least one duplication event existed in the gene family members. Collinearity analysis of woodland strawberry genome with genomes of Arabidopsis, rice (Oryza sativa), and apple (Malus × domestica) showed that CO-like genes of F. vesca and Malus × domestica owned higher similarity for their similar genomes compared with those of other two species. The FveCOs showed different tissue-specific expression patterns. Moreover, real-time quantitative PCR results revealed that the expressions of the most FveCOs followed a 24-h rhythm oscillation under both long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions. Further expression analysis showed that the individual expression changing profile of FveCO3 and FveCO5 was opposite to each other under both LD and SD conditions. Moreover, the expression of FveCO3 and FveCO5 was both negatively correlated with the flowering time variation of the woodland strawberry grown under LD and SD conditions, indicating their potential vital roles in the photoperiodic flowering regulation. Further protein interaction network analysis also showed that most of the candidate interaction proteins of FveCO3 and FveCO5 were predicted to be the flowering regulators. Finally, LUC assay indicated that both FveCO3 and FveCO5 could bind to the promoter of FveFT1, the key regulator of flowering regulation in the woodland strawberry, and thus activate its expression. Taken together, this study laid a foundation for understanding the exact roles of FveCOs in the reproductive development regulation of the woodland strawberry, especially in the photoperiodic flowering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fuhai Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- TieLing Academy of Agricultural Science, Tieling, China
| | - Qing Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhihong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuexue Liu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Strawberry Breeding and Cultivation, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Lin M, Ma S, Quan K, Yang E, Hu L, Chen X. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of long-day photoperiod in Moringa oleifera. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:935-946. [PMID: 35722507 PMCID: PMC9203643 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01186-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera, is commonly cultivated as a vegetable in tropical and subtropical regions because of nutritional and medicinal benefits of its fruits, immature pods, leaves, and flowers. Flowering at the right time is one of the important traits for crop yield in M.oleifera. Under normal conditions, photoperiod is one of the key factors in determining when plant flower. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of a long-day photoperiod on Moringa is not clearly understood. In the present study, deep RNA sequencing and sugar metabolome were conducted of Moringa leaves under long-day photoperiod. As a result, differentially expressed genes were significantly associated with starch and sucrose pathway and the circadian rhythm-plant pathway. In starch and sucrose pathway, sucrose, fructose, trehalose, glucose, and maltose exhibited pronounced rhythmicity over 24 h, and TPS (trehalose-6-phosphate synthase) genes constituted key regulatory genes. In an Arabidopsis overexpression line hosting the MoTPS1 or MoTPS2 genes, flowering occurred earlier under a short-day photoperiod. These results will support molecular breeding of Moringa and may help clarify to genetic architecture of long-day photoperiod related traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01186-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China 410001
| | - Shiying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China 410001
| | - Kehui Quan
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China 410001
| | - Endian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 510642
| | - Lei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 510642
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, China 410001
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 510642
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Kinmonth-Schultz H, Lewandowska-Sabat A, Imaizumi T, Ward JK, Rognli OA, Fjellheim S. Flowering Times of Wild Arabidopsis Accessions From Across Norway Correlate With Expression Levels of FT, CO, and FLC Genes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:747740. [PMID: 34790213 PMCID: PMC8591261 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.747740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperate species often require or flower most rapidly in the long daylengths, or photoperiods, experienced in summer or after prolonged periods of cold temperatures, referred to as vernalization. Yet, even within species, plants vary in the degree of responsiveness to these cues. In Arabidopsis thaliana, CONSTANS (CO) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) genes are key to photoperiod and vernalization perception and antagonistically regulate FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) to influence the flowering time of the plants. However, it is still an open question as to how these genes vary in their interactions among wild accessions with different flowering behaviors and adapted to different microclimates, yet this knowledge could improve our ability to predict plant responses in variable natural conditions. To assess the relationships among these genes and to flowering time, we exposed 10 winter-annual Arabidopsis accessions from throughout Norway, ranging from early to late flowering, along with two summer-annual accessions to 14 weeks of vernalization and either 8- or 19-h photoperiods to mimic Norwegian climate conditions, then assessed gene expression levels 3-, 5-, and 8-days post vernalization. CO and FLC explained both FT levels and flowering time (days) but not rosette leaf number at flowering. The correlation between FT and flowering time increased over time. Although vernalization suppresses FLC, FLC was high in the late-flowering accessions. Across accessions, FT was expressed only at low FLC levels and did not respond to CO in the late-flowering accessions. We proposed that FT may only be expressed below a threshold value of FLC and demonstrated that these three genes correlated to flowering times across genetically distinct accessions of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kinmonth-Schultz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | | | - Takato Imaizumi
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joy K. Ward
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Odd Arne Rognli
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Siri Fjellheim
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Tan C, Ren J, Wang L, Ye X, Fu W, Zhang J, Qi M, Feng H, Liu Z. A single amino acid residue substitution in BraA04g017190.3C, a histone methyltransferase, results in premature bolting in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. Pekinensis). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:373. [PMID: 34388969 PMCID: PMC8361648 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flowering is an important inflection point in the transformation from vegetative to reproductive growth, and premature bolting severely decreases crop yield and quality. RESULTS In this study, a stable early-bolting mutant, ebm3, was identified in an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized population of a Chinese cabbage doubled haploid (DH) line 'FT'. Compared with 'FT', ebm3 showed early bolting under natural cultivation in autumn, and curled leaves. Genetic analysis showed that the early-bolting phenotype was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene. Modified MutMap sequencing, genotyping analyses and allelism test provide strong evidence that BrEBM3 (BraA04g017190.3 C), encoding the histone methyltransferase CURLY LEAF (CLF), was the strongly candidate gene of the emb3. A C to T base substitution in the 14th exon of BrEBM3 resulted in an amino acid change (S to F) and the early-bolting phenotype of emb3. The mutation occurred in the SET domain (Suppressor of protein-effect variegation 3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste, Trithorax), which catalyzes site- and state-specific lysine methylation in histones. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that BrEBM3 was highly expressed in the flower and bud. Promoter activity assay confirmed that BrEBM3 promoter was active in inflorescences. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that BrEBM3 localized in the nucleus. Transcriptomic studies supported that BrEBM3 mutation might repress H3K27me3 deposition and activate expression of the AGAMOUS (AG) and AGAMOUS-like (AGL) loci, resulting in early flowering. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that an EMS-induced early-bolting mutant ebm3 in Chinese cabbage was caused by a nonsynonymous mutation in BraA04g017190.3 C, encoding the histone methyltransferase CLF. These results improve our knowledge of the genetic and genomic resources of bolting and flowering, and may be beneficial to the genetic improvement of Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Tan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ren
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Ye
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiamei Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Qi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.
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Beyond the Genetic Pathways, Flowering Regulation Complexity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115716. [PMID: 34071961 PMCID: PMC8198774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowering is one of the most critical developmental transitions in plants’ life. The irreversible change from the vegetative to the reproductive stage is strictly controlled to ensure the progeny’s success. In Arabidopsis thaliana, seven flowering genetic pathways have been described under specific growth conditions. However, the evidence condensed here suggest that these pathways are tightly interconnected in a complex multilevel regulatory network. In this review, we pursue an integrative approach emphasizing the molecular interactions among the flowering regulatory network components. We also consider that the same regulatory network prevents or induces flowering phase change in response to internal cues modulated by environmental signals. In this sense, we describe how during the vegetative phase of development it is essential to prevent the expression of flowering promoting genes until they are required. Then, we mention flowering regulation under suboptimal growing temperatures, such as those in autumn and winter. We next expose the requirement of endogenous signals in flowering, and finally, the acceleration of this transition by long-day photoperiod and temperature rise signals allowing A. thaliana to bloom in spring and summer seasons. With this approach, we aim to provide an initial systemic view to help the reader integrate this complex developmental process.
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Martínez-Garcia JF, Monte E. The International Symposium on Plant Photobiology 2019: a bright and colourful experience. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:297-300. [PMID: 32602159 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Light is a key resource for plants as it fuels photosynthesis. It also provides essential information about their habitat. Thus, light tracking is of great importance to plants throughout their life cycle. To gain information about their light environment, plants possess light receptors that cover the perception of the complete light spectrum, including light invisible to the human eye (far-red and ultra-violet light). The information sensed by these photoreceptors is utilized for optimal growth during day-night cycles and in sub-optimal light conditions, such as shaded areas and high-light sun flecks. Plant photobiology research focuses on the perception of light by plants, their developmental adaptations to a changing light environment and the mechanistic and genetic basis of these adaptations. The International Symposium on Plant Photobiology (ISPP) is a biannual meeting where the world's leaders, as well as upcoming talents in the field, gather to share their latest results and discuss future directions. The past edition was held between June 3 and 8 of 2019 in the beautiful PRBB research park building on the seafront of the city of Barcelona (Spain). The ISPP2019 was organized by a gender-balanced committee formed by two junior (Lot Gommers and Jordi Moreno-Romero) and two senior researchers (Jamie F. Martínez-Garcia and Elena Monte).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime F Martínez-Garcia
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Plant Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMCP), CSIC-UPV, València, Spain
| | - Elena Monte
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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