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Lehrer MA, Hawkins JS. Plant height shapes hydraulic architecture but does not predict metaxylem area under drought in Sorghum bicolor. PLANT DIRECT 2023; 7:e498. [PMID: 37228332 PMCID: PMC10203038 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Climate change-induced variations in temperature and precipitation negatively impact plant growth and development. To ensure future food quality and availability, a critical need exists to identify morphological and physiological responses that confer drought tolerance in agro-economically important crop plants throughout all growth stages. In this study, two Sorghum bicolor accessions that differ in their pre-flowering responses to drought were exposed to repeated cycles of drying and rewatering. Morphological, physiological, and histological traits were measured across both juvenile and adult developmental stages. Our results demonstrate that plant height is not predictive of metaxylem area but does influence the hydraulic path and water management in an accession-specific manner. Further, when drought-responsive changes to the plant architecture are unable to compensate for the hydraulic risk associated with prolonged drought exposure, tight control of stomatal aperture is crucial to further mitigate hydraulic damage and prevent xylem embolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Lehrer
- Department of BiologyWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
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Raza A, Mubarik MS, Sharif R, Habib M, Jabeen W, Zhang C, Chen H, Chen ZH, Siddique KHM, Zhuang W, Varshney RK. Developing drought-smart, ready-to-grow future crops. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20279. [PMID: 36366733 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Breeding crop plants with increased yield potential and improved tolerance to stressful environments is critical for global food security. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to rise in the coming years. Therefore, it is vital to understand the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and ecological mechanisms associated with DS. This review examines recent advances in plant responses to DS to expand our understanding of DS-associated mechanisms. Suboptimal water sources adversely affect crop growth and yields through physical impairments, physiological disturbances, biochemical modifications, and molecular adjustments. To control the devastating effect of DS in crop plants, it is important to understand its consequences, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of DS for sustainable production. In addition to plant responses, we highlight several mitigation options such as omics approaches, transgenics breeding, genome editing, and biochemical to mechanical methods (foliar treatments, seed priming, and conventional agronomic practices). Further, we have also presented the scope of conventional and speed breeding platforms in helping to develop the drought-smart future crops. In short, we recommend incorporating several approaches, such as multi-omics, genome editing, speed breeding, and traditional mechanical strategies, to develop drought-smart cultivars to achieve the 'zero hunger' goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | - Rahat Sharif
- Dep. of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou Univ., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Madiha Habib
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Rd., Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Warda Jabeen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney Univ., Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The Univ. of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch Univ., Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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Khoddami A, Messina V, Vadabalija Venkata K, Farahnaky A, Blanchard CL, Roberts TH. Sorghum in foods: Functionality and potential in innovative products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1170-1186. [PMID: 34357823 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1960793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum grain is a staple food for about 500 million people in 30 countries in Africa and Asia. Despite this contribution to global food production, most of the world's sorghum grain, and nearly all in Western countries, is used as animal feed. A combination of the increasingly important ability of sorghum crops to resist heat and drought, the limited history of the use of sorghum in Western foods, and the excellent functional properties of sorghum grain in healthy diets, suggests a greater focus on the development of new sorghum-based foods. An understanding of the structural and functional properties of sorghum grain to develop processes for production of new sorghum-based foods is required. In this review, we discuss the potential of sorghum in new food products, including sorghum grain composition, the functional properties of sorghum in foods, processing of sorghum-based products, the digestibility of sorghum protein and starch compared to other grains, and the health benefits of sorghum. In the potential for sorghum as a major ingredient in new foods, we suggest that the gluten-free status of sorghum is of relatively minor importance compared to the functionality of the slowly digested starch and the health benefits of the phenolic compounds present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Khoddami
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Valeria Messina
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Asgar Farahnaky
- Biosciences and Food Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher L Blanchard
- ARC Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas H Roberts
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Galicia-Juárez M, Zavala-García F, Sinagawa-García SR, Gutiérrez-Diez A, Williams-Alanís H, Cisneros-López ME, Valle-Gough RE, Flores-Garivay R, Santillano-Cázares J. Identification of Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes with Potential for Hydric and Heat Stress Tolerance in Northeastern Mexico. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112265. [PMID: 34834628 PMCID: PMC8623876 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is cultivated in regions with frequent drought periods and high temperatures, conditions that have intensified in the last decades. One of the most important photosynthetic components, sensible to hydric stress, is maximum quantum yield for photosystem II (PSII, or Fv/Fm). The objective of the present study was to identify sorghum genotypes with tolerance to hydric and heat stress. The treatments were hydric status (hydric stress or non-hydric stress (irrigation)), the plant's developmental stages (pre or post-anthesis), and six genotypes. The response variables were Fv/Fm; photosynthetic rate (PN); stomatal conductance (gs); transpiration rate (E); relative water content (RWC); damage to cell membrane (DCM) at temperatures of 40 and 45 °C; and agronomic variables. The experiment was conducted in pots in open sky in Marín, N.L., in the dry and hot northeast Mexico. The treatment design was a split-split plot design, with three factors. Hydric stress diminished the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus by 63%, due to damage caused to PSII. Pre-anthesis was the most vulnerable stage to hydric stress as it decreased the weight of grains per panicle (85%), number of grains per panicle (69%), and weight of 100 grains (46%). Genotypes LER 1 and LER 2 were identified as tolerant to hydric stress, as they had lower damage to PSII; LER 1 and LEB 2 for their superior RWC; and LER 1 as a thermo tolerant genotype, due to its lower DCM at 45 °C. It was concluded that LER 1 could have the potential for both hydric and heat stress tolerance in the arid northeast Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Galicia-Juárez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21705, Baja California, Mexico; (M.G.-J.); (R.E.V.-G.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Francisco Zavala-García
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (F.Z.-G.); (S.R.S.-G.); (A.G.-D.)
| | - Sugey Ramona Sinagawa-García
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (F.Z.-G.); (S.R.S.-G.); (A.G.-D.)
| | - Adriana Gutiérrez-Diez
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, General Escobedo 66050, Nuevo León, Mexico; (F.Z.-G.); (S.R.S.-G.); (A.G.-D.)
| | - Héctor Williams-Alanís
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, (INIFAP), Río Bravo 88900, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (H.W.-A.); (M.E.C.-L.)
| | - María Eugenia Cisneros-López
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, (INIFAP), Río Bravo 88900, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (H.W.-A.); (M.E.C.-L.)
| | - Raúl Enrique Valle-Gough
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21705, Baja California, Mexico; (M.G.-J.); (R.E.V.-G.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Flores-Garivay
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21705, Baja California, Mexico; (M.G.-J.); (R.E.V.-G.); (R.F.-G.)
| | - Jesús Santillano-Cázares
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21705, Baja California, Mexico; (M.G.-J.); (R.E.V.-G.); (R.F.-G.)
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