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Guo Y, Zhang G, Li Z, Liao X, Sun W, Jiang X. Revealing the Effects of Zinc Sulphate Treatment on Melatonin Synthesis and Regulatory Gene Expression in Germinating Hull-Less Barley through Transcriptomic Analysis. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1077. [PMID: 39202436 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the transcriptomic mechanisms underlying melatonin accumulation and the enhancement of salt tolerance in hull-less barley seeds subjected to zinc sulphate stress. Following zinc sulphate treatment, hull-less barley seeds demonstrated increased melatonin accumulation and improved salt tolerance. Through transcriptome analysis, the study compared gene expression alterations in seeds (using the first letter of seed, this group is marked as 'S'), seeds treated with pure water (as the control group, is marked as 'C'), and germinated seeds exposed to varying concentrations of zinc sulphate (0.2 mM and 0.8 mM, the first letter of zinc sulphate, 'Z', is used to mark groups 'Z1' and 'Z2'). The analysis revealed that 8176, 759, and 622 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the three comparison groups S.vs.C, C.vs.Z1, and C.vs.Z2, respectively. Most of the DEGs were closely associated with biological processes, including oxidative-stress response, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and plant hormone signaling. Notably, zinc sulphate stress influenced the expression levels of Tryptophan decarboxylase 1 (TDC1), Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase 1 (ASMT1), and Serotonin N-acetyltransferase 2 (SNAT2), which are key genes involved in melatonin synthesis. Furthermore, the expression changes of genes such as Probable WRKY transcription factor 75 (WRKY75) and Ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF13 (EFR13) exhibited a strong correlation with fluctuations in melatonin content. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying melatonin enrichment in response to zinc sulphate stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Guo
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xueyi Liao
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wu Sun
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xinhao Jiang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
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Khan S, Alvi AF, Fatma M, Al-Hashimi A, Sofo A, Khan NA. Relative effects of melatonin and hydrogen sulfide treatments in mitigating salt damage in wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1406092. [PMID: 39119490 PMCID: PMC11306083 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1406092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity, impacting the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. This study investigates the potential of melatonin (MT; 100 µM) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S; 200 µM sodium hydrosulfide, NaHS) to confer the tolerance of wheat plants to 100 mM NaCl. Salinity stress induced the outburst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in damage to the chloroplast structure, growth, photosynthesis, and yield. Application of either MT or NaHS augmented the activity of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, upregulated the expression of Na+ transport genes (SOS1, SOS2, SOS3, NHX1), resulting in mitigation of salinity stress. Thus, improved stomatal behavior, gas-exchange parameters, and maintenance of chloroplast structure resulted in enhanced activity of the Calvin cycle enzymes and overall enhancement of growth, photosynthetic, and yield performance of plants under salinity stress. The use of DL-propargylglycine (PAG, an inhibitor of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis) and p-chlorophenyl alanine (p-CPA, an inhibitor of melatonin biosynthesis) to plants under salt stress showed the comparative necessity of MT and H2S in mitigation of salinity stress. In the presence of PAG, more pronounced detrimental effects were observed than in the presence of p-CPA, emphasizing that MT was involved in mitigating salinity through various potential pathways, one of which was through H2S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Ameena Fatima Alvi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mehar Fatma
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Hashimi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, Matera, Italy
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Khan M, Hussain A, Yun BW, Mun BG. Melatonin: The Multifaceted Molecule in Plant Growth and Defense. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6799. [PMID: 38928504 PMCID: PMC11203645 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MEL), a hormone primarily known for its role in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms in animals, has emerged as a multifaceted molecule in plants. Recent research has shed light on its diverse functions in plant growth and defense mechanisms. This review explores the intricate roles of MEL in plant growth and defense responses. MEL is involved in plant growth owing to its influence on hormone regulation. MEL promotes root elongation and lateral root formation and enhances photosynthesis, thereby promoting overall plant growth and productivity. Additionally, MEL is implicated in regulating the circadian rhythm of plants, affecting key physiological processes that influence plant growth patterns. MEL also exhibits antioxidant properties and scavenges reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, it activates defense pathways against various biotic stressors. MEL also enhances the production of secondary metabolites that contribute to plant resistance against environmental changes. MEL's ability to modulate plant response to abiotic stresses has also been extensively studied. It regulates stomatal closure, conserves water, and enhances stress tolerance by activating stress-responsive genes and modulating signaling pathways. Moreover, MEL and nitric oxide cooperate in stress responses, antioxidant defense, and plant growth. Understanding the mechanisms underlying MEL's actions in plants will provide new insights into the development of innovative strategies for enhancing crop productivity, improving stress tolerance, and combating plant diseases. Further research in this area will deepen our knowledge of MEL's intricate functions and its potential applications in sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Khan
- Department of Horticulture and Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Hussain
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Gyu Mun
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Huang Y, Lai X, Liu C, Zhu W, Hao Y, Zheng Z, Guo K. Overexpression of oHIOMT results in various morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular changes in switchgrass. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1379756. [PMID: 38952842 PMCID: PMC11215127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1379756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a molecule implicated in multiple biological functions, but exerts contrasting effects on plants owing to concentration differences. Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase (HIOMT), which catalyzes the last step of melatonin synthesis, plays a crucial role in this context. Methods Transgenic switchgrass overexpressing oHIOMT with different melatonin levels displayed distinct morphological changes in a concentration-dependent manner. In this study, we divided the transgenic switchgrass into two groups: melatonin-moderate transgenic (MMT) plants and melatonin-rich transgenic (MRT) plants. To determine the concentration-dependent effect of melatonin on switchgrass growth and stress resistance, we conducted comparative morphological, physiological, omics and molecular analyses between MMT, MRT and wild-type (WT) plants. Results We found that oHIOMT overexpression, with moderate melatonin levels, was crucial in regulating switchgrass growth through changes in cell size rather than cell number. Moderate levels of melatonin were vital in regulating carbon fixation, stomatal development and chlorophyll metabolism. Regarding salt tolerance, melatonin with moderate levels activated numerous defense (e.g. morphological characteristics, anatomical structure, antioxidant enzymatic properties, non-enzymatic capacity and Na+/K+ homeostasis). Additionally, moderate levels of oHIOMT overexpression were sufficient to increase lignin content and alter monolignol compositions with an increase in the S/G lignin ratio. Discussion Taken together, oHIOMT overexpression in switchgrass with different melatonin levels resulted in morphological, anatomical, physiological and molecular changes in a concentration-dependent manner, which characterized by stimulation at low doses and inhibition at high doses. Our study presents new ideas and clues for further research on the mechanisms of the concentration-dependent effect of melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zehui Zheng
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Kai Guo
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
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Ghani MI, Yi B, Rehmani MS, Wei X, Siddiqui JA, Fan R, Liu Y, El-Sheikh MA, Chen X, Ahmad P. Potential of melatonin and Trichoderma harzianum inoculation in ameliorating salt toxicity in watermelon: Insights into antioxidant system, leaf ultrastructure, and gene regulation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108639. [PMID: 38688113 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is an extensively studied biomolecule with dual functions, serving as an antioxidant and a signaling molecule. Trichoderma Harzianum (TH) is widely recognized for its effectiveness as a biocontrol agent against many plant pathogens. However, the interplay between seed priming and MT (150 μm) in response to NaCl (100 mM) and its interaction with TH have rarely been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of MT and TH, alone and in combination, to mitigate salt stress (SS) in watermelon plants. The findings of this study revealed a significant decline in the morphological, physiological, and biochemical indices of watermelon seedlings exposed to SS. However, MT and TH treatments reduced the negative impact of salt stress. The combined application of MT and TH exerted a remarkable positive effect by increasing the growth, photosynthetic and gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence indices, and ion balance (decreasing Na+ and enhancing K+). MT and TH effectively alleviated oxidative injury by inhibiting hydrogen peroxide formation in saline and non-saline environments, as established by reduced lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Moreover, oxidative injury induced by SS on the cells was significantly mitigated by regulation of the antioxidant system, AsA-GSH-related enzymes, the glyoxalase system, augmentation of osmolytes, and activation of several genes involved in the defense system. Additionally, the reduction in oxidative damage was examined by chloroplast integrity via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Overall, the results of this study provide a promising contribution of MT and TH in safeguarding the watermelon crop from oxidative damage induced by salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Ghani
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, 550025, China; International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Benlin Yi
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, 550025, China; International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Muhammad Saad Rehmani
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xi Wei
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, 550025, China; International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Junaid Ali Siddiqui
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, 550025, China; International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ruidong Fan
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, 550025, China; International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yanjiang Liu
- College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Mohamed A El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture/College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; Guizhou-Europe Environmental Biotechnology and Agricultural Informatics Oversea Innovation Center in Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Department, Guiyang, 550025, China; International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China & China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa 850000, China.
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC-Pulwama-192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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Wang C, Lei J, Jin X, Chai S, Jiao C, Yang X, Wang L. A Sweet Potato MYB Transcription Factor IbMYB330 Enhances Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress in Transgenic Tobacco. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:693. [PMID: 38927629 PMCID: PMC11202548 DOI: 10.3390/genes15060693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MYB transcription factors (TFs) play vital roles in plant growth, development, and response to adversity. Although the MYB gene family has been studied in many plant species, there is still little known about the function of R2R3 MYB TFs in sweet potato in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, an R2R3 MYB gene, IbMYB330 was isolated from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). IbMYB330 was ectopically expressed in tobacco and the functional characterization was performed by overexpression in transgenic plants. The IbMYB330 protein has a 268 amino acid sequence and contains two highly conserved MYB domains. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of IbMYB330 are 29.24 kD and 9.12, respectively. The expression of IbMYB330 in sweet potato is tissue-specific, and levels in the root were significantly higher than that in the leaf and stem. It showed that the expression of IbMYB330 was strongly induced by PEG-6000, NaCl, and H2O2. Ectopic expression of IbMYB330 led to increased transcript levels of stress-related genes such as SOD, POD, APX, and P5CS. Moreover, compared to the wild-type (WT), transgenic tobacco overexpression of IbMYB330 enhanced the tolerance to drought and salt stress treatment as CAT activity, POD activity, proline content, and protein content in transgenic tobacco had increased, while MDA content had decreased. Taken together, our study demonstrated that IbMYB330 plays a role in enhancing the resistance of sweet potato to stresses. These findings lay the groundwork for future research on the R2R3-MYB genes of sweet potato and indicates that IbMYB330 may be a candidate gene for improving abiotic stress tolerance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
- Crop Institute of Jiangxi Academy Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Jian Lei
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Xiaojie Jin
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Shasha Chai
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Chunhai Jiao
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
| | - Xinsun Yang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Lianjun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430064, China; (C.W.); (J.L.); (X.J.); (S.C.); (C.J.)
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Sati H, Chinchkar AV, Kataria P, Pareek S. The role of phytomelatonin in plant homeostasis, signaling, and crosstalk in abiotic stress mitigation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14413. [PMID: 38924553 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increase in the study of phytomelatonin. Having numerous functions in animals, melatonin produced by plants (phytomelatonin) is also a multi-regulatory molecule with great potential in plant physiology and in mitigating abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, chilling, heat, chemical contamination, and UV-radiation stress. This review highlights the primary functions of phytomelatonin as an anti-stress molecule against abiotic stress. We discuss the role of phytomelatonin as a master regulator, oxidative stress manager, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species regulator, and defense compounds inducer. Although there exist a handful of reviews on the crosstalk of phytomelatonin with other signaling molecules like auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, nitric oxide, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid, this review looks at studies that have reported a few aspects of phytomelatonin with newly discovered signaling molecules along with classical signaling molecules with relation to abiotic stress tolerance. The research and applications of phytomelatonin with hydrogen sulfide, strigolactones, brassinosteroids, and polyamines are still in their nascent stage but hold a promising scope for the future. Additionally, this review states the recent developments in the signaling of phytomelatonin with nitrogen metabolism and nitrosative stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansika Sati
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay V Chinchkar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana, India
- Global Brand Resources Pvt. Ltd., Gandhidham (Kutch), Gujarat, India
| | - Priyanka Kataria
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sunil Pareek
- Department of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonepat, Haryana, India
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Nehela Y, Mazrou YSA, El_Gammal NA, Atallah O, Xuan TD, Elzaawely AA, El-Zahaby HM, Abdelrhim AS, Behiry SI, Hafez EM, Makhlouf AH, Hussain WAM. Non-proteinogenic amino acids mitigate oxidative stress and enhance the resistance of common bean plants against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1385785. [PMID: 38711604 PMCID: PMC11070507 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1385785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
White mold, caused by the necrotrophic fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a challenging disease to common bean cultivation worldwide. In the current study, two non-proteinogenic amino acids (NPAAs), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and ß-alanine, were suggested as innovative environmentally acceptable alternatives for more sustainable management of white mold disease. In vitro, GABA and ß-alanine individually demonstrated potent dose-dependent fungistatic activity and effectively impeded the radial growth and development of S. sclerotiorum mycelium. Moreover, the application of GABA or ß-alanine as a seed treatment followed by three root drench applications efficiently decreased the disease severity, stimulated plant growth, and boosted the content of photosynthetic pigments of treated S. sclerotiorum-infected plants. Furthermore, although higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2 •-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that S. sclerotiorum infection had markedly triggered oxidative stress in infected bean plants, the exogenous application of both NPAAs significantly reduced the levels of the three studied oxidative stress indicators. Additionally, the application of GABA and ß-alanine increased the levels of both non-enzymatic (total soluble phenolics and flavonoids), as well as enzymatic (catalase [CAT], peroxidases [POX], and polyphenol oxidase [PPO]) antioxidants in the leaves of S. sclerotiorum-infected plants and improved their scavenging activity and antioxidant efficiency. Applications of GABA and ß-alanine also raised the proline and total amino acid content of infected bean plants. Lastly, the application of both NPAAs upregulated the three antioxidant-related genes PvCAT1, PvCuZnSOD1, and PvGR. Collectively, the fungistatic activity of NPAAs, coupled with their ability to alleviate oxidative stress, enhance antioxidant defenses, and stimulate plant growth, establishes them as promising eco-friendly alternatives for white mold disease management for sustainable bean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Nehela
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Yasser S. A. Mazrou
- Business Administration Department, Community College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nehad A. El_Gammal
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Osama Atallah
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Tran Dang Xuan
- Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The International Development and Cooperation (IDEC) Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - Hassan M. El-Zahaby
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Said I. Behiry
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Emad M. Hafez
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Abeer H. Makhlouf
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Minufiya University, Shibin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Warda A. M. Hussain
- Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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Li Z, Fan H, Yang L, Wang S, Hong D, Cui W, Wang T, Wei C, Sun Y, Wang K, Liu Y. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Effects of Soil Amendment on Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) Photosynthesis under Drip Irrigation with Brackish Water. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2521. [PMID: 38473771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Drip irrigation with brackish water increases the risk of soil salinization while alleviating water shortage in arid areas. In order to alleviate soil salinity stress on crops, polymer soil amendments are increasingly used. But the regulation mechanism of a polymer soil amendment composed of polyacrylamide polyvinyl alcohol, and manganese sulfate (PPM) on rapeseed photosynthesis under drip irrigation with different types of brackish water is still unclear. In this field study, PPM was applied to study the responses of the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) phenotype, photosynthetic physiology, transcriptomics, and metabolomics at the peak flowering stage under drip irrigation with water containing 6 g·L-1 NaCl (S) and Na2CO3 (A). The results showed that the inhibitory effect of the A treatment on rapeseed photosynthesis was greater than that of the S treatment, which was reflected in the higher Na+ content (73.30%) and lower photosynthetic-fluorescence parameters (6.30-61.54%) and antioxidant enzyme activity (53.13-77.10%) of the A-treated plants. The application of PPM increased the biomass (63.03-75.91%), photosynthetic parameters (10.55-34.06%), chlorophyll fluorescence parameters (33.83-62.52%), leaf pigment content (10.30-187.73%), and antioxidant enzyme activity (28.37-198.57%) under S and A treatments. However, the difference is that under the S treatment, PPM regulated the sulfur metabolism, carbon fixation and carbon metabolism pathways in rapeseed leaves. And it also regulated the photosynthesis-, oxidative phosphorylation-, and TCA cycle-related metabolic pathways in rapeseed leaves under A treatment. This study will provide new insights for the application of polymer materials to tackle the salinity stress on crops caused by drip irrigation with brackish water, and solve the difficulty in brackish water utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Hua Fan
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Le Yang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Dashuang Hong
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Wenli Cui
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Chunying Wei
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Kaiyong Wang
- Agricultural College, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Yantao Liu
- Institute of Crop Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China
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Kumar S, Liu Y, Wang M, Khan MN, Wang S, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhu G. Alleviating sweetpotato salt tolerance through exogenous glutathione and melatonin: A profound mechanism for active oxygen detoxification and preservation of photosynthetic organs. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141120. [PMID: 38199502 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Salt stress profoundly impacts sweetpotato production. Exogenous glutathione (GSH) and melatonin (MT) promoted plant growth under stress, but their specific roles and mechanisms in sweetpotato salt tolerance need exploration. This study investigated GSH and MT's regulatory mechanisms in sweetpotato under salt stress. Salt stress significantly reduces both growth and biomass by hindering photosynthesis, root traits, K+ content, and K+/Na+ balance, leading to oxidative stress and excessive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide ion (O2•-), and malondialdehyde (MDA) production and Na+ accumulation. Nevertheless, GSH (2 mM) and MT (25 μM) pre-treatments effectively mitigated salt-induced oxidative damage and protected the plasma membrane. They reduced osmotic pressure by enhancing K+ uptake, K+/Na+ regulation, osmolyte accumulation, and reducing Na+ accumulation. Improved stomatal traits, chloroplast and grana lamella preservation, and maintenance of mesophyll cells, cell wall, and mitochondrial structure were observed with GSH and MT pre-treatments under salt stress, therefore boosting the photosynthetic system and enhancing plant growth and biomass. Moreover, the findings also indicate that the positive outcomes of GSH and MT pre-treatments result from elevated antioxidant levels, enhanced enzymatic activity, and upregulated expression of sodium hydrogen exchanger 2 (NHX2), K+transporter 1 (AKT1), and cation/H+exchanger (CHX), CBL-interacting protein kinase 1 (CIPK1), and antioxidant enzyme genes. These mechanisms enhance structural stability in photosynthesis and reduce salt stress. Evidently, MT pre-treatment exhibited superior effects compared to GSH. These findings provide a firm theoretical basis for employing GSH and MT to enhance salt tolerance in sweetpotato cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunjeet Kumar
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mengzhao Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Shihai Wang
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yongping Li
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Guopeng Zhu
- School of Breeding and Multiplication (Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication), Hainan University, Sanya, 572025, China; Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
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11
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Zuo G, Huo J, Yang X, Mei W, Zhang R, Khan A, Feng N, Zheng D. Photosynthetic mechanisms underlying NaCl-induced salinity tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:41. [PMID: 38195408 PMCID: PMC10777521 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salinity stress is an environmental constraint that normally develops concurrently under field conditions, resulting in drastic limitation of rice plant growth and grain productivity. The objective of this study was to explore the alleviating effects of NaCl pre-treatment on rice seedlings as well as the salt tolerance mechanisms by evaluating morph-physiological traits. RESULTS Variety Huanghuazhan, either soaked in distilled water or 25 mg/L Prohexadione calcium (Pro-Ca), were first hardened with varying concentrations of NaCl solutions (0 and 50 mM NaCl), and then subjected to varying degrees of salt stress (0 and 100 mM NaCl), indicated by S0, S1, S2 and S3, respectively. Growth analysis suggested that NaCl-pretreatment improved the root/shoot ratio in water-soaked rice plant at DAP 0. Data related to the reaction center density, photosynthetic electron transport efficiency, trapping efficiency were compared before (CK) using performance Index (PIabs). Compared to S2 (Pro-Ca-S2) treatment, PIabs did not show any difference with plants pre-treated with NaCl (S3 or Pro-Ca-S3). Rather than PIabs, significant difference was found in photosynthetic electron transport efficiency (ΨEo). The ΨEo value in Pro-S2 was significantly lowered as compared to Pro-S3 treatment at DAP 7, and the decrease rate was about 6.5%. Correlation analysis indicated leaf PIabs was weak correlated with plant biomass while the quantum yield for reduction of the PSI end electron acceptors, trapped energy flux per reaction center and PSII antenna size displayed strong positive correlation with biomass. Additional analysis revealed that 100 mM NaCl significantly reduced leaf linear electron flux under low-light conditions, regardless of whether seedlings had been pre-treated with 50 mM NaCl or not. CONCLUSIONS NaCl-induced salt tolerance was related to the robust photosynthetic machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqiang Zuo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, 712100, China
| | - Jingxin Huo
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
| | - Xiaohui Yang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
| | - Wanqi Mei
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
| | - Aaqil Khan
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524008, China.
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, 524008, China.
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, China.
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12
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Rodrigues F, Sousa B, Soares C, Moreira D, Pereira C, Moutinho-Pereira J, Cunha A, Fidalgo F. Are tomato plants co-exposed to heat and salinity able to ensure a proper carbon metabolism? - An insight into the photosynthetic hub. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108270. [PMID: 38091934 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Abiotic stress combinations, such as high temperatures and soil/water salinization, severely threaten crop productivity worldwide. In this work, an integrative insight into the photosynthetic metabolism of tomato plants subjected to salt (100 mM NaCl) and/or heat (42 °C; 4 h/day) was performed. After three weeks, the stress combination led to more severe consequences on growth and photosynthetic pigments than the individual stresses. Regarding the photochemical efficiency, transcript accumulation and protein content of major actors (CP47 and D1) were depleted in all stressed plants, although the overall photochemical yield was not negatively affected under the co-exposure. Gas-exchange studies revealed to be mostly affected by salt (single or combined), which harshly compromised carbon assimilation. Additionally, transcript levels of stress-responsive genes (e.g., HsfA1 and NHX2) were differentially modulated by the single and combined treatments, suggesting the activation of stress-signature responses. Overall, by gathering an insightful overview of the main regulatory hub of photosynthesis, we show that the impacts on the carbon metabolism coming from the combination of heat and salinity, two major conditioners of crop yields, were not harsher than those of single stresses, indicating that the growth impairment might be attributed to a proficient distribution of resources towards defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Rodrigues
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Biology Department and CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, School of Sciences of University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sousa
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Cristiano Soares
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Moreira
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Pereira
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Moutinho-Pereira
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ana Cunha
- Biology Department and CBMA - Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, School of Sciences of University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Fidalgo
- GreenUPorto - Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre and INOV4AGRO, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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13
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Karumannil S, Khan TA, Kappachery S, Gururani MA. Impact of Exogenous Melatonin Application on Photosynthetic Machinery under Abiotic Stress Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2948. [PMID: 37631160 PMCID: PMC10458501 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Inhospitable conditions that hinder plant growth and development encompass a range of abiotic stresses, such as drought, extreme temperatures (both low and high), salinity, exposure to heavy metals, and irradiation. The cumulative impact of these stresses leads to a considerable reduction in agricultural productivity worldwide. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a shared mechanism of toxicity induced by all these abiotic stimuli in plants, resulting in oxidative damage and membrane instability. Extensive research has shed light on the dual role of melatonin in plants, where it serves as both a growth regulator, fostering growth and development, and a potent protector against abiotic stresses. The inherent potential of melatonin to function as a natural antioxidant positions it as a promising biostimulant for agricultural use, bolstering plants' abilities to withstand a wide array of environmental challenges. Beyond its antioxidant properties, melatonin has demonstrated its capacity to regulate the expression of genes associated with the photosynthetic process. This additional characteristic enhances its appeal as a versatile chemical agent that can be exogenously applied to plants, particularly in adverse conditions, to improve their resilience and optimize photosynthetic efficiency in every phase of the plant life cycle. An examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying the stress-protective effects of exogenous melatonin on the photosynthetic machinery of plants under various abiotic stresses is presented in this paper. In addition, future prospects are discussed for developing stress-tolerant crops for sustainable agriculture in challenging environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Biology Department, College of Science, UAE University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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14
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Wang J, Song J, Qi H, Zhang H, Wang L, Zhang H, Cui C, Ji G, Muhammad S, Sun G, Xu Z, Zhang H. Overexpression of 2-Cys Peroxiredoxin alleviates the NaHCO 3 stress-induced photoinhibition and reactive oxygen species damage of tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107876. [PMID: 37413942 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant 2-cysteine peroxiredoxin (2-Cys Prx) is a mercaptan peroxidase localized in chloroplasts and has unique catalytic properties. To explore the salt stress tolerance mechanisms of 2-Cys Prx in plants, we analyzed the effects of overexpressing the 2-CysPrx gene on the physiological and biochemical metabolic processes of tobacco under NaHCO3 stress through joint physiological and transcriptomic analysis. These parameters included growth phenotype, chlorophyll, photosynthesis, and antioxidant system. After NaHCO3 stress treatment, a total of 5360 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in 2-Cysprx overexpressed (OE) plants, and the number of DEGs was significantly lower than 14558 in wild-type (WT) plants. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthetic pathways, photosynthetic antenna proteins, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Overexpressing 2-CysPrx significantly reduced the growth inhibition of tobacco induced by NaHCO3 stress, alleviating the down-regulation of the DEGs related to chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transport and the Calvin cycle and the up-regulation of those related to chlorophyll degradation. In addition, it also interacted with other redox systems such as thioredoxins (Trxs) and the NADPH-dependent Trx reductase C (NTRC), and mediated the positive regulation of the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and the expression of related genes, thereby reducing the accumulation of superoxide anion (O2·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). In conclusion, 2-CysPrx overexpression could alleviate the NaHCO3 stress-induced photoinhibition and oxidative damage by regulating chlorophyll metabolism, promoting photosynthesis and participating in the regulation of antioxidant enzymes, and thus improve the ability of plants to resist salt stress damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiechen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongling Qi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangxin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Salman Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Guangyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhiru Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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15
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Chang Q, Zhang L, Chen S, Gong M, Liu L, Hou X, Mi Y, Wang X, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Yield and Secondary Metabolite Contents of Prunella vulgaris by Modulating Antioxidant System, Root Architecture and Photosynthetic Capacity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1129. [PMID: 36903989 PMCID: PMC10005377 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) plays a number of key roles in regulating plant growth and secondary metabolite accumulation. Prunella vulgaris is an important traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plant which is used for the treatment of lymph, goiter, and mastitis. However, the effect of MT on the yield and medicinal component content of P. vulgaris remains still unclear. In this research, we have examined the influence of different concentrations of MT (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 μM) on the physiological characteristics, secondary metabolite contents, and yield of P. vulgaris biomass. The results showed that 50-200 μM MT treatment had a positive effect on P. vulgaris. MT treatment at 100 μM greatly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, the contents of soluble sugar and proline, and obviously decreased the relative electrical conductivity, the contents of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide of leaves. Furthermore, it markedly promoted the growth and development of the root system, increased the content of photosynthetic pigments, improved the performance of photosystems I and II and the coordination of both photosystems, and enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of P. vulgaris. In addition, it significantly increased the dry mass of whole plant and spica and promoted the accumulation of total flavonoids, total phenolics, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and hyperoside in the spica of P. vulgaris. These findings demonstrated that the application of MT could effectively activate the antioxidant defense system of P. vulgaris, protect the photosynthetic apparatus from photooxidation damage, and improve the photosynthetic capacity and the root absorption capacity, thereby promoting the yield and accumulation of secondary metabolites in P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuangchen Chen
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Minggui Gong
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Longchang Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaogai Hou
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yinfa Mi
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Peony Research Institute, Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Jianzhang Wang
- Luoyang Greening Management Center, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yiming Sun
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
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16
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Khanna K, Bhardwaj R, Alam P, Reiter RJ, Ahmad P. Phytomelatonin: A master regulator for plant oxidative stress management. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:260-269. [PMID: 36731287 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytomelatonin is the multifunctional molecule that governs a range of developmental processes in plants subjected to a plethora of environmental cues. It acts as an antioxidant molecule to regulate the oxidative burst through reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Moreover, it also activates stress-responsive genes followed by alleviating oxidation. Phytomelatonin also stimulates antioxidant enzymes that further regulate redox homeostasis in plants under adverse conditions. This multifunctional molecule also regulates different physiological processes of plants in terms of leaf senescence, seed germination, lateral root growth, photosynthesis, etc. Due to its versatile nature, it is regarded as a master regulator of plant cell physiology and it holds a crucial position in molecular signaling as well. Phytomelatonin mediated oxidative stress management occurs through a series of antioxidative defense systems, both enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic, along with the formation of an array of secondary defensive metabolites that counteract the stresses. These phytomelatonin-derived antioxidants reduce the lipid peroxidation and improve membrane integrity of the cells subjected to stress. Here in, the data from transcriptomic and omics approaches are summarized which help to identify the gene regulatory mechanisms involved in the regulation of redox homeostasis and oxidative stress management. Further, we also recap the signaling cascade underlying phytomelatonin interactions with both ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)and their crosstalk. The discoveries related to phytomelatonin have shown that this regulatory master molecule is critical for plant cell physiology. The current review is focussed the role of phytomelatonin as a multifunctional molecule in plant stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Khanna
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India; Department of Microbiology, DAV University, Sarmastpur, Jalandhar, 144001, Punjab, India.
| | - Renu Bhardwaj
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Department of Botany, GDC Pulwama, 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
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17
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Ahmad I, Song X, Hussein Ibrahim ME, Jamal Y, Younas MU, Zhu G, Zhou G, Adam Ali AY. The role of melatonin in plant growth and metabolism, and its interplay with nitric oxide and auxin in plants under different types of abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1108507. [PMID: 36866369 PMCID: PMC9971941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1108507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pleiotropic signaling molecule that reduces the adverse effects of abiotic stresses, and enhances the growth and physiological function of many plant species. Several recent studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of melatonin in plant functions, specifically its regulation of crop growth and yield. However, a comprehensive understanding of melatonin, which regulates crop growth and yield under abiotic stress conditions, is not yet available. This review focuses on the progress of research on the biosynthesis, distribution, and metabolism of melatonin, and its multiple complex functions in plants and its role in the mechanisms of metabolism regulation in plants grown under abiotic stresses. In this review, we focused on the pivotal role of melatonin in the enhancement of plant growth and regulation of crop yield, and elucidated its interactions with nitric oxide (NO) and auxin (IAA, indole-3-acetic acid) when plants are grown under various abiotic stresses. The present review revealed that the endogenousapplication of melatonin to plants, and its interactions with NO and IAA, enhanced plant growth and yield under various abiotic stresses. The interaction of melatonin with NO regulated plant morphophysiological and biochemical activities, mediated by the G protein-coupled receptor and synthesis genes. The interaction of melatonin with IAA enhanced plant growth and physiological function by increasing the levels of IAA, synthesis, and polar transport. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive review of the performance of melatonin under various abiotic stresses, and, therefore, further explicate the mechanisms that plant hormones use to regulate plant growth and yield under abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irshad Ahmad
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Song
- Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Muhi Eldeen Hussein Ibrahim
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Yanjiang Area, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong, China
| | - Yousaf Jamal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usama Younas
- Department of Crop Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guanglong Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Guisheng Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Lab of Crop Genetics & Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Adam Yousif Adam Ali
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Gadarif, Al Gadarif, Sudan
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18
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Zhang R, Zheng D, Feng N, Qiu QS, Zhou H, Meng F, Huang X, Huang A, Li Y. Prohexadione-calcium alleviates the leaf and root damage caused by salt stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.) at the tillering stage. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279192. [PMID: 36930609 PMCID: PMC10022774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress, as a principal abiotic stress, harms the growth and metabolism of rice, thus affecting its yield and quality. The tillering stage is the key growth period that controls rice yield. Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca) can increase the lodging resistance of plants by reducing plant height, but its effects on rice leaves and roots at the tillering stage under salt stress are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of foliar spraying of Pro-Ca to regulate growth quality at the rice tillering stage under salt stress. The results showed that salt stress reduced the tillering ability of the rice and the antioxidant enzyme activity in the roots. Salt stress also reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of the rice leaves and increased the contents of osmotic regulatory substances in the leaves and roots. The application of exogenous Pro-Ca onto the leaves increased the tiller number of the rice under salt stress and significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity of the leaves. Additionally, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the AsA content. The contents of an osmotic regulation substance, malondialdehyde (MDA), and H2O2 in the leaves and roots also decreased. These results suggested that Pro-Ca can increase the tillering ability, photosynthetic capacity, osmotic adjustment substance content levels and antioxidant enzyme activity levels in rice and reduce membrane lipid peroxidation, thus improving the salt tolerance of rice at the tillering stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjun Zhang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dianfeng Zheng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (NF)
| | - Naijie Feng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (NF)
| | - Quan-Sheng Qiu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, South China, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xixin Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yixiang Li
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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19
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Improvement of Seed Germination under Salt Stress via Overexpressing Caffeic Acid O-methyltransferase 1 (SlCOMT1) in Solanum lycopersicum L. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010734. [PMID: 36614180 PMCID: PMC9821337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a phytohormone-like substance and is profoundly involved in modulating nearly all aspects of plant development and acclimation to environmental stressors. However, there remain no studies about the effects of MT on tomato seed germination under salt stress. Here we reported that the overexpression of caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (SlCOMT1) significantly increased both MT content and salt tolerance in the germinated seeds of a transgenic tomato relative to wild type (WT) samples. Physiological investigation showed higher amylase activity in the stressed overexpression seeds than WT, leading to the promoted starch decomposition and enhanced soluble sugar content. The stimulated production of osmolytes and enhanced activities of SOD, POD, and CAT, together with the significant reduction in H2O2 and O2·- accumulation, were revealed in the stressed overexpression seeds relative to WT, largely accounting for their lower membrane lipid peroxidation. qPCR assay showed that, upon salt stress, the transcript abundance of hub genes related to germination (SlCYP707A1, SlABA1, SlGA3ox2 and SlGA2ox4) and stress tolerance (SlCDPK1, SlWRKY33 and SlMAPK1) were distinctly altered in the overexpression samples when compared to WT, providing a molecular basis for MT-mediated improvement of seed salt tolerance. Altogether, our observations shed new insights into biological functions of SlCOMT1 and could expand its utilization in genetic improvement of tomato salt tolerance in future.
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20
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Lu X, Ma L, Zhang C, Yan H, Bao J, Gong M, Wang W, Li S, Ma S, Chen B. Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) responses to salt stress and alkali stress: transcriptional and metabolic profiling. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:528. [PMID: 36376811 PMCID: PMC9661776 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03907-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization and alkalization are widespread environmental problems that limit grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) growth and yield. However, little is known about the response of grapevine to alkali stress. This study investigated the differences in physiological characteristics, chloroplast structure, transcriptome, and metabolome in grapevine plants under salt stress and alkali stress. RESULTS We found that grapevine plants under salt stress and alkali stress showed leaf chlorosis, a decline in photosynthetic capacity, a decrease in chlorophyll content and Rubisco activity, an imbalance of Na+ and K+, and damaged chloroplast ultrastructure. Fv/Fm decreased under salt stress and alkali stress. NPQ increased under salt stress whereas decreased under alkali stress. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment showed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced by salt stress and alkali stress were involved in different biological processes and have varied molecular functions. The expression of stress genes involved in the ABA and MAPK signaling pathways was markedly altered by salt stress and alkali stress. The genes encoding ion transporter (AKT1, HKT1, NHX1, NHX2, TPC1A, TPC1B) were up-regulated under salt stress and alkali stress. Down-regulation in the expression of numerous genes in the 'Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism', 'Photosynthesis-antenna proteins', and 'Photosynthesis' pathways were observed under alkali stress. Many genes in the 'Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms' pathway in salt stress and alkali stress were down-regulated. Metabolome showed that 431 and 378 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified in salt stress and alkali stress, respectively. L-Glutamic acid and 5-Aminolevulinate involved in chlorophyll synthesis decreased under salt stress and alkali stress. The abundance of 19 DAMs under salt stress related to photosynthesis decreased. The abundance of 16 organic acids in salt stress and 22 in alkali stress increased respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that alkali stress had more adverse effects on grapevine leaves, chloroplast structure, ion balance, and photosynthesis than salt stress. Transcriptional and metabolic profiling showed that there were significant differences in the effects of salt stress and alkali stress on the expression of key genes and the abundance of pivotal metabolites in grapevine plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Lei Ma
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - CongCong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - HaoKai Yan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - JinYu Bao
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - MeiShuang Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - WenHui Wang
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of HorticultureCollege of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - ShaoYing Ma
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
| | - BaiHong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070 China
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21
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Singh P, Choudhary KK, Chaudhary N, Gupta S, Sahu M, Tejaswini B, Sarkar S. Salt stress resilience in plants mediated through osmolyte accumulation and its crosstalk mechanism with phytohormones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006617. [PMID: 36237504 PMCID: PMC9552866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the significant abiotic stresses that influence critical metabolic processes in the plant. Salinity stress limits plant growth and development by adversely affecting various physiological and biochemical processes. Enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced via salinity stress subsequently alters macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, and thus constrains crop productivity. Due to which, a decreasing trend in cultivable land and a rising world population raises a question of global food security. In response to salt stress signals, plants adapt defensive mechanisms by orchestrating the synthesis, signaling, and regulation of various osmolytes and phytohormones. Under salinity stress, osmolytes have been investigated to stabilize the osmotic differences between the surrounding of cells and cytosol. They also help in the regulation of protein folding to facilitate protein functioning and stress signaling. Phytohormones play critical roles in eliciting a salinity stress adaptation response in plants. These responses enable the plants to acclimatize to adverse soil conditions. Phytohormones and osmolytes are helpful in minimizing salinity stress-related detrimental effects on plants. These phytohormones modulate the level of osmolytes through alteration in the gene expression pattern of key biosynthetic enzymes and antioxidative enzymes along with their role as signaling molecules. Thus, it becomes vital to understand the roles of these phytohormones on osmolyte accumulation and regulation to conclude the adaptive roles played by plants to avoid salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Singh
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Krishna Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Nivedita Chaudhary
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Mamatamayee Sahu
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Boddu Tejaswini
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Subrata Sarkar
- Department of Botany, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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22
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Paclobutrazol Ameliorates Low-Light-Induced Damage by Improving Photosynthesis, Antioxidant Defense System, and Regulating Hormone Levels in Tall Fescue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179966. [PMID: 36077362 PMCID: PMC9456200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) is a plant-growth regulator (PGR) in the triazole family that enhances plant tolerance to environmental stresses. Low-light (LL) intensity is a critical factor adversely affecting the growth of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Therefore, in this study, tall fescue seedlings were treated with PBZ under control and LL conditions to investigate the effects of PBZ on enhancing LL stress resistance by regulating the growth, photosynthesis, oxidative defense, and hormone levels. Our results reveal that LL stress reduced the total biomass, chlorophyll (Chl) content, photosynthetic capacity, and photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) but increased the membrane lipid peroxidation level and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. However, the application of PBZ increased the photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) activity, and starch content. In addition, PBZ treatment activated the antioxidant enzyme activities, antioxidants contents, ascorbate acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, and related gene expression, lessening the ROS burst (H2O2 and O2∙−). However, the gibberellic acid (GA) anabolism was remarkably decreased by PBZ treatment under LL stress, downregulating the transcript levels of kaurene oxidase (KO), kaurenoic acid oxidase (KAO), and GA 20-oxidases (GA20ox). At the same time, PBZ treatment up-regulated 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene expression, significantly increasing the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) concentration under LL stress. Thus, our study revealed that PBZ improves the antioxidation and photosynthetic capacity, meanwhile increasing the ABA concentration and decreasing GA concentration, which ultimately enhances the LL stress tolerance in tall fescue.
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23
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Aljuaid BS, Mukherjee S, Sayed AN, El-Gabry YAEG, Omar MMA, Mahmoud SF, Alsubeie MS, Darwish DBE, Al-Qahtani SM, Al-Harbi NA, Alzuaibr FM, Basahi MA, Hamada MMA. Folic Acid Reinforces Maize Tolerance to Sodic-Alkaline Stress through Modulation of Growth, Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091327. [PMID: 36143364 PMCID: PMC9506096 DOI: 10.3390/life12091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which folic acid (FA) or its derivatives (folates) mediates plant tolerance to sodic-alkaline stress has not been clarified in previous literature. To apply sodic-alkaline stress, maize seedlings were irrigated with 50 mM of a combined solution (1:1) of sodic-alkaline salts (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3; pH 9.7). Maize seedlings under stressed and non-stressed conditions were sprayed with folic acid (FA) at 0 (distilled water as control), 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mM. Under sodic-alkaline stress, FA applied at 0.2 mM significantly improved shoot fresh weight (95%), chlorophyll (Chl a (41%), Chl b (57%), and total Chl (42%)), and carotenoids (27%) compared to the untreated plants, while root fresh weight was not affected compared to the untreated plants. This improvement was associated with a significant enhancement in the cell-membrane stability index (CMSI), relative water content (RWC), free amino acids (FAA), proline, soluble sugars, K, and Ca. In contrast, Na, Na/K ratio, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), and methylglycoxal (MG) were significantly decreased. Moreover, seedlings treated with FA demonstrated significantly higher activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) compared to the untreated plants. The molecular studies using RT-qPCR demonstrated that FA treatments, specifically at 0.2 mM, enhanced the K+/Na+ selectivity and the performance of photosynthesis under alkaline-stress conditions. These responses were observed through up-regulation of the expression of the high-affinity potassium-transporter protein (ZmHKT1), the major core protein of photosystem II (D2-Protein), and the activity of the first enzyme of carbon fixation cycle in C4 plants (PEP-case) by 74, 248, and 225% over the untreated plants, respectively. Conversely, there was a significant down-regulation in the expression ZmSOS1 and ZmNHX1 by 48.2 and 27.8%, respectively, compared to the untreated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bandar S. Aljuaid
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 742213, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.M.A.H.)
| | - Amany N. Sayed
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed M. A. Omar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Samy F. Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moodi Saham Alsubeie
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
- Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Basahi
- College of Science and Arts Sajir, Shaqra University, P.O. Box 33, Shaqra 11961, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M. A. Hamada
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (M.M.A.H.)
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24
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Duan W, Lu B, Liu L, Meng Y, Ma X, Li J, Zhang K, Sun H, Zhang Y, Dong H, Bai Z, Li C. Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Root Physiology, Transcriptome and Metabolome of Cotton Seedlings under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169456. [PMID: 36012720 PMCID: PMC9409268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Root systems are the key organs through which plants absorb water and nutrients and perceive the soil environment and thus are easily damaged by salt stress. Melatonin can alleviate stress-induced damage to roots. The present study investigated the effects of exogenous melatonin on the root physiology, transcriptome and metabolome of cotton seedlings under salt stress. Salt stress was observed to damage the cell structure and disorder the physiological system of cotton seedling roots. After subjecting melatonin-soaked seeds to salt stress, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in cotton seedling roots increased by 10–25%, 50–60% and 50–60%, respectively. The accumulation of H2O2 and MDA were significantly decreased by 30–60% and 30–50%, respectively. The contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and K+ increased by 15–30%, 15–30% and 20–50%, respectively, while the Na+ content was significantly reduced. Melatonin also increased auxin (by 20–40%), brassinosteroids (by 5–40%) and gibberellin (by 5–35%) and promoted melatonin content and root activity. Exogenous melatonin maintained the integrity of root cells and increased the number of organelles. Transcriptomic and metabolomic results showed that exogenous melatonin could mitigate the salt-stress-induced inhibition of plant root development by regulating the reactive oxygen species scavenging system; ABC transporter synthesis; plant hormone signal transduction, endogenous melatonin gene expression; and the expression of the transcription factors MYB, TGA and WRKY33. These results provide a new direction and empirical basis for improving crop salt tolerance with melatonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Bin Lu
- College of Landscape and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanjun Meng
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xinying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jin Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hongchun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hezhong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Cotton Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhiying Bai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (C.L.)
| | - Cundong Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (C.L.)
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Sheikhalipour M, Mohammadi SA, Esmaielpour B, Zareei E, Kulak M, Ali S, Nouraein M, Bahrami MK, Gohari G, Fotopoulos V. Exogenous melatonin increases salt tolerance in bitter melon by regulating ionic balance, antioxidant system and secondary metabolism-related genes. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:380. [PMID: 35907823 PMCID: PMC9338570 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03728-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melatonin is a multi-functional molecule widely employed in order to mitigate abiotic stress factors, in general and salt stress in particular. Even though previous reports revealed that melatonin could exhibit roles in promoting seed germination and protecting plants during various developmental stages of several plant species under salt stress, no reports are available with respect to the regulatory acts of melatonin on the physiological and biochemical status as well as the expression levels of defense- and secondary metabolism-related related transcripts in bitter melon subjected to the salt stress. RESULTS Herewith the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the physiological and ion balance, antioxidant system, as well as transcript analysis of defense-related genes (WRKY1, SOS1, PM H+-ATPase, SKOR, Mc5PTase7, and SOAR1) and secondary metabolism-related gene expression (MAP30, α-MMC, polypeptide-P, and PAL) in salt-stressed bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) plants in response to melatonin treatment. In this regard, different levels of melatonin (0, 75 and 150 µM) were applied to mitigate salinity stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in bitter melon. Accordingly, present findings revealed that 100 mM salinity stress decreased growth and photosynthesis parameters (SPAD, Fv/Fo, Y(II)), RWC, and some nutrient elements (K+, Ca2+, and P), while it increased Y(NO), Y(NPQ), proline, Na+, Cl-, H2O2, MDA, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lead to the induction of the examined genes. However, prsiming with 150 µM melatonin increased SPAD, Fv/Fo, Y(II)), RWC, and K+, Ca2+, and P concentration while decreased Y(NO), Y(NPQ), Na+, Cl-, H2O2, and MDA under salt stress. In addition, the antioxidant system and gene expression levels were increased by melatonin (150 µM). CONCLUSIONS Overall, it can be postulated that the application of melatonin (150 µM) has effective roles in alleviating the adverse impacts of salinity through critical modifications in plant metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Sheikhalipour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Abolghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
- Center for Cell Pathology, Department of Life Sciences, Khazar University, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Behrooz Esmaielpour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, University of Mohagheh Ardebili, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Elnaz Zareei
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Muhittin Kulak
- Department of Herbal and Animal Production, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Igdir University, Igdir, Türkiye
| | - Sajid Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mojtaba Nouraein
- Department of Plant Genetics and Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | | | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
| | - Vasileios Fotopoulos
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Biotechnology and Food Science, Cyprus University of Technology Limassol, Limassol, Cyprus
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26
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Li Z, Duan J, Chen L, Wang Y, Qin Q, Dang X, Zhou Z. Melatonin enhances the antioxidant capacity to rescue the honey bee Apis mellifera from the ecotoxicological effects caused by environmental imidacloprid. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 239:113622. [PMID: 35617898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid severely poisons the nontarget insect honey bee Apis mellifera. Few treatments are available to mitigate the adverse effects of imidacloprid. The primary concern is that the molecular understanding of imidacloprid toxicity is not comprehensive enough. Oxidative stress is the primary pathophysiological mechanism by which pesticides cause high mortality. Our pilot study found for the first time that imidacloprid stimulates bee brains to secrete melatonin, a free radical scavenger. However, the molecular basis for imidacloprid toxicity and the role of melatonin in coping with imidacloprid have not been systematically investigated in bees. This study administered an environmental dose of imidacloprid (36 ng/bee) orally to A. mellifera. The detoxification gene cytochrome P450 CYP4G11 was significantly induced. However, potent cytotoxicity of imidacloprid suppressed the expression of the antioxidants catalase (CAT) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and the activity of guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) was not induced. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased. The expression of the apoptotic genes cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase-3) and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) increased, and the apoptotic features of midgut cells were prominently apparent. These results suggest that imidacloprid disrupts the bee antioxidant system, causing severe oxidative stress and tissue damage and ultimately leading to apoptosis. Significantly, however, imidacloprid exposure also stimulated bee brains to continuously secrete melatonin. Further preadministration of exogenous melatonin (200 ng/bee) orally to bees significantly reversed and enhanced the activity of the imidacloprid-suppressed antioxidants CAT, SOD, and GSH, which allowed imidacloprid-induced ROS accumulation to be effectively alleviated. The MDA content, apoptotic genes Caspase-3 and AIF, and detoxification gene CYPG411 expression were restored to normalization; midgut cell damage, apoptosis, and mortality were significantly reduced. These findings strongly suggest that melatonin enhanced bee antioxidant capacity, thus attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis to confer imidacloprid tolerance to honey bees. Melatonin secretion may be a defense mechanism to mitigate imidacloprid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, China.
| | - Jiaxin Duan
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanchun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuedi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiqian Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqun Dang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Animal Biology, China
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Microsporidia Infection and Control, China; The State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Nasrallah AK, Atia MAM, Abd El-Maksoud RM, Kord MA, Fouad AS. Salt Priming as a Smart Approach to Mitigate Salt Stress in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.). PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121610. [PMID: 35736763 PMCID: PMC9228577 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation aims to highlight the role of salt priming in mitigating salt stress on faba bean. In the absence of priming, the results reflected an increase in H2O2 generation and lipid peroxidation in plants subjected to 200 mM salt shock for one week, accompanied by a decline in growth, photosynthetic pigments, and yield. As a defense, the shocked plants showed enhancements in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Additionally, the salt shock plants revealed a significant increase in phenolics and proline content, as well as an increase in the expression levels of glutathione (GSH) metabolism-related genes (the L-ascorbate peroxidase (L-APX) gene, the spermidine synthase (SPS) gene, the leucyl aminopeptidase (LAP) gene, the aminopeptidase N (AP-N) gene, and the ribonucleo-side-diphosphate reductase subunit M1 (RDS-M) gene). On the other hand, priming with increasing concentrations of NaCl (50–150 mM) exhibited little significant reduction in some growth- and yield-related traits. However, it maintained a permanent alert of plant defense that enhanced the expression of GSH-related genes, proline accumulation, and antioxidant enzymes, establishing a solid defensive front line ameliorating osmotic and oxidative consequences of salt shock and its injurious effect on growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira K. Nasrallah
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (A.K.N.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Mohamed A. M. Atia
- Genome Mapping Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.A.); (A.S.F.); Tel.: +20-1000164922 (M.A.M.A.); +20-1203770992 (A.S.F.)
| | - Reem M. Abd El-Maksoud
- Nucleic Acid & Protein Chemistry Department, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Maimona A. Kord
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (A.K.N.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Ahmed S. Fouad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (A.K.N.); (M.A.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.A.); (A.S.F.); Tel.: +20-1000164922 (M.A.M.A.); +20-1203770992 (A.S.F.)
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Yu Y, Ni Y, Qiao T, Ji X, Xu J, Li B, Sun Q. Overexpression of VvASMT1 from grapevine enhanced salt and osmotic stress tolerance in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269028. [PMID: 35709203 PMCID: PMC9202941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt and drought stresses are major environmental conditions that severely limit grape growth and productivity, while exogenous melatonin can alleviate the drought and salt damage to grapevines. N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT) is the key enzyme in melatonin synthesis, which plays a critical role in regulating stress responses. However, the roles of ASMTs from grapevine under drought and salt stresses responses remain largely unclear. In this study, the VvASMT1 gene was isolated from grapevine, and its physiological functions in salt and mimic drought stress tolerance were investigated. Expression pattern analysis revealed that VvASMT1 was significantly induced by different salt and osmotic stresses. Ectopic expression of VvASMT1 in Nicotiana benthamiana significantly enhanced melatonin production in transgenic plants. Compared with wild-type plants, the transgenic lines exhibited a higher germination ratio, longer root length, lower degree of leaf wilting and relative water content (RWC) under salt and osmotic stresses. In addition, under salt and osmotic stresses, overexpression of VvASMT1 improved proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Taken together, our results demonstrate the explicit role of VvASMT1 in salt and osmotic stress responses, which provides a theoretical foundation for the genetic engineering of grapevine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Yu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Ni
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Qiao
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Ji
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Biological Engineering, Shandong Medicine Technician College, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinghao Xu
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Shandong Academy of Grape, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taian, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, Taian, People’s Republic of China
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Alsamadany H, Mansour H, Elkelish A, Ibrahim MFM. Folic Acid Confers Tolerance against Salt Stress-Induced Oxidative Damages in Snap Beans through Regulation Growth, Metabolites, Antioxidant Machinery and Gene Expression. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11111459. [PMID: 35684231 PMCID: PMC9182733 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although the effect of folic acid (FA) and its derivatives (folates) have been extensively studied in humans and animals, their effects are still unclear in most plant species, specifically under various abiotic stress conditions. Here, the impact of FA as a foliar application at 0, 0.1, and 0.2 mM was studied on snap bean seedlings grown under non-saline and salinity stress (50 mM NaCl) conditions. The results indicated that under salinity stress, FA-treated plants revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in growth parameters (fresh and dry weight of shoot and root). A similar trend was observed in chlorophyll (Chl b), total chlorophyll, carotenoids, leaf relative water content (RWC), proline, free amino acids (FAA), soluble sugars, cell membrane stability index (CMSI), and K, Ca, and K/Na ratio compared to the untreated plants. In contrast, a significant decrease was observed in Na and salinity-induced oxidative damage as indicated by reduced H2O2 production (using biochemical and histochemical detection methods) and rate of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde; MDA). This enhancement was correlated by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Gene expression analyses conducted using qRT-PCR demonstrated that genes coding for the Na+/H+ antiporter protein Salt Overly Sensitive 1 (SOS1), the tonoplast-localized Na+/H+ antiporter protein (NHX1), and the multifunctional osmotic protective protein (Osmotin) were significantly up-regulated in the FA-treated plants under both saline and non-saline treatments. Generally, treatment with 0.2 mM FA was more potent than 0.1 mM and can be recommended to improve snap bean tolerance to salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hameed Alsamadany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Mansour
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia;
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Exogenous Melatonin Protects Lime Plants from Drought Stress-Induced Damage by Maintaining Cell Membrane Structure, Detoxifying ROS and Regulating Antioxidant Systems. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lime is an important commercial product in tropical and subtropical regions, where drought stress is becoming one of the most severe environmental challenges in the agricultural sector. Melatonin is an antioxidant molecule that helps plants regulate their development and respond to a variety of stresses. In this research, the effects of exogenous melatonin treatments were evaluated at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 μM) on biochemical aspects and gene expression in two species of lime plants (“Mexican lime” and “Persian lime”) under normal (100% field capacity (FC)) and drought stress conditions (75% and 40% FC). The experiments were factorial and based on a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates. Drought stress caused electrolyte leakage (EL) as well as accumulations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), indicating the occurrence of damage to cellular membranes. In contrast, the melatonin pretreatment at various concentrations reduced the levels of EL, H2O2 and MDA while mitigating the negative effects of drought stress on the two lime species. The application of melatonin (100-μM) significantly increased the level of proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes in plants under drought stress compared to control plants. According to real-time PCR analysis, drought stress and melatonin treatment enhanced the expression of genes involved in ROS scavenging, proline biosynthesis, and cell redox regulation in both species, as compared to their respective controls. According to these findings, melatonin is able to detoxify ROS and regulate antioxidant systems, thereby protecting lime plants from drought stress-induced damages.
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Integrated physiological, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of pecan cultivar 'Pawnee' adaptation to salt stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1841. [PMID: 35115595 PMCID: PMC8814186 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05866-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pecan is a salt-alkali-tolerant plant, and its fruit and wood have high economic value. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms responsible for salt stress tolerance in the pecan grown under hydroponic conditions to simulate salt stress. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate (Pn) was reduced in response to salt stress, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentrations (Ci) increased. The response of the pecan to salt stress was measured using iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative or absolute quantitation) and LC/MS (liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry) non-targeted metabolomics technology. A total of 198 differentially expressed proteins (65 down-regulated and 133 up-regulated) and 538 differentially expressed metabolites (283 down-regulated and 255 up-regulated) were identified after exposure to salt stress for 48 h. These genes were associated with 21 core pathways, shown by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation and enrichment, including the metabolic pathways involved in nucleotide sugar and amino sugar metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, and phenylpropane biosynthesis. In addition, analysis of interactions between the differentially expressed proteins and metabolites showed that two key nodes of the salt stress regulatory network, L-fucose and succinate, were up-regulated and down-regulated, respectively, suggesting that these metabolites may be significant for adaptations to salt stress. Finally, several key proteins were further verified by parallel reaction monitoring. In conclusion, this study used physiological, proteomic, and metabolomic methods to provide an important preliminary foundation for improving the salt tolerance of pecans.
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Zhang Z, Liu L, Li H, Zhang S, Fu X, Zhai X, Yang N, Shen J, Li R, Li D. Exogenous Melatonin Promotes the Salt Tolerance by Removing Active Oxygen and Maintaining Ion Balance in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:787062. [PMID: 35173749 PMCID: PMC8841648 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.787062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a small molecule indole hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of biological processes and abiotic stress resistance. Previous studies have confirmed that MT promotes the normal development of plants under stress by mediating physiological regulation mechanisms. However, the physiological mechanism of exogenous MT regulating seed germination and seedling growth of wheat under salt stress is still unclear. In this study, NaCl stress decreased germination rate and inhibited seedling growth of wheat, but shoot length, root length, and plant weight of SM15 did not change significantly. The addition of 300 μM MT in the cultivation solution directly promoted the germination rate of SM15 and ZM18, and lateral root production, but decreased the germination rate of JM22 and inhibited the length of germ and radicle of three varieties under salt stress. For wheat seedling, application of MT could increase proline content, soluble protein, soluble sugar, Ca2+ content, and vital amino acid content in leaves to keep high water content, low level of H2O2 content, and low [K+]/[Na+] ratio. MT increased root vigor and [K+]/[Na+] ratio and decreased H2O2 content in root induced by salt stress. In conclusion, MT enhanced salt tolerance in wheat seeds and seedlings by regulating the synthesis of soluble protein and sugar, ion compartmentation in roots and leaves, enhancement of enzymatic systems, and changes in amino acid levels. Salt resistance varied with different varieties under the same environmental condition. SM15 was a higher salt-resistant variety and JM22 was a salt-sensitive one. In wheat production, the application of exogenous MT should consider the differences among varieties of wheat during the sowing and seedling stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Liantao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Hongye Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Crop Molecular Breeding, National Center of Space Mutagenesis for Crop Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaocong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiuzhen Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jiaming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Ruiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Dongxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation, Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Han Y, Gao Y, Li M, Du Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Du J. The molecular events underpinning cultivar differences in melatonin counteracting salt damage in Phaseolus vulgaris. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2022; 49:201-217. [PMID: 34871542 DOI: 10.1071/fp21126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (N -acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) plays important roles in multiple stress responses, especially under salt stress. However, cultivar differences in melatonin mediated salt stress tolerance are unclear. Phaseolus vulgaris L. (common bean) cultivars Jiyin 1 (JY, salt-tolerant) and Xuliyabai (XL, salt-sensitive) were used in this study. Exogenous melatonin significantly improved root growth under salt stress in JY, but had little effect on XL. Physiology analysis showed significant differences in activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide, SOD; and catalase, CAT) and malondialdehyde content between JY and XL. Meanwhile, the change of ABA content in JY and XL root was opposite in salt plus melatonin treatment. Comparative root transcriptomes of JY and XL revealed 3505 and 668 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) regulated by salt stress and melatonin. The most enriched melatonin-responsive genes under salt stress are mainly involved in regulation of transcription, oxidation-reduction process, transcription factor activity, oxidoreductase activity. In addition, melatonin induced more obvious changes of DEGs in JY than that in XL under salt condition. Melatonin also significantly induced 41 DEGs only in JY, including signal transduction genes, transcription factors, ubiquitin protein ligases, ion homeostasis and osmotic adjustment genes etc. This study uncovered the molecular mechanism of cultivar difference of melatonin response under salt stress in common bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yamei Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Recycling of Argo-Waste in the Cold Region, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Du
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Jidao Du
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China; and College of Agriculture, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang Province, P. R. China
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Oyinloye BE, Ajiboye BO, Johnson O, Owolabi OV, Ejeje JN, Brai BIC, Omotuyi OI. Ameliorative Effect of Flavonoid-rich Extracts from Gongronema latifolium Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via serpin A 3 and socs3-a in Streptozocin Treated Rats. Biomarkers 2021; 27:169-177. [PMID: 34951557 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.2023220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study access the effect of the flavonoid-rich isolate from Gongronema latifolium against cardiomyopathy in a streptozotocin-rich extract. MATERIAL AND METHODS The flavonoid-rich isolate from G. latifolium leaf (FREGL) was prepared using a standard method. A single injection of streptozotocin was induced into the experimental rats. The experimental animals were divided into five groups as non-diabetic rats, diabetic control, diabetic rats administered low and high doses of FREGL (13 and 26 mg/kg), and metformin glibenclamide orally for 21 days. Hence, the experimental animals were sacrificed; blood and heart were harvested to determine diverse biochemical parameters, including the gene expressions of serpin A3 and socs3-a as well as histological examination. RESULTS The results demonstrated that FREGL significantly (p < 0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG), lipid peroxidation levels, as well as the activities of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB, including the relative gene expressions of serpin A3 and Socs3-A in diabetic rats. Also, diabetic rats that received different doses of FREGL showed a substantial rise in insulin and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and antioxidant enzyme activities, as well as, normal histoarchitecture of the heart tissues. CONCLUSION Therefore, FREGL may be beneficial in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria.,Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria.,Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - B O Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine and Molecular Toxicology Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, PMB 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Nigeria.,Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria.,Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - Oluwafolakemi Johnson
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria
| | - Olutunmise Victoria Owolabi
- Medical Biochemistry Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360001, Nigeria
| | - Jerius Nkwuda Ejeje
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria.,Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Alex- Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, P.O. Box 1010, Abakaliki 482131, Nigeria
| | - Batholemn I C Brai
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University Oye-Ekiti, PMB 373, Oye-Ekiti, 371104, Nigeria
| | - Olaposi Idowu Omotuyi
- Institute of Drug Research and Development, SE Bogoro Center, Afe Babalola University, PMB 5454, Ado-Ekiti, 360001, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmacceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
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Kumar V, Kumar Srivastava A, Wani SH, Shriram V, Penna S. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating salt tolerance in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1291-1294. [PMID: 34842287 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Shabir H Wani
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Akurdi, Pune, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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Abstract
Abiotic stress adversely affects plant growth and metabolism and as such reduces plant productivity. Recognized as a major contributor in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), it hinders the growth of plants through induction of oxidative stress. Biostimulants such as melatonin have a multifunctional role, acting as a defense strategy in minimizing the effects of oxidative stress. Melatonin plays important role in plant processes ranging from seed germination to senescence, besides performing the function of a biostimulant in improving the plant’s productivity. In addition to its important role in the signaling cascade, melatonin acts as an antioxidant that helps in scavenging ROS, generated as part of different stresses among plants. The current study was undertaken to elaborate the synthesis and regulation of melatonin in plants, besides emphasizing its function under various abiotic stress namely, salt, temperature, herbicides, heavy metals, and drought. Additionally, a special consideration was put on the crosstalk of melatonin with phytohormones to overcome plant abiotic stress.
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Zhang Y, Fan Y, Rui C, Zhang H, Xu N, Dai M, Chen X, Lu X, Wang D, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Q, Wang S, Chen C, Guo L, Zhao L, Ye W. Melatonin Improves Cotton Salt Tolerance by Regulating ROS Scavenging System and Ca 2 + Signal Transduction. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:693690. [PMID: 34262587 PMCID: PMC8273866 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.693690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As one of the cash crops, cotton is facing the threat of abiotic stress during its growth and development. It has been reported that melatonin is involved in plant defense against salt stress, but whether melatonin can improve cotton salt tolerance and its molecular mechanism remain unclear. We investigated the role of melatonin in cotton salt tolerance by silencing melatonin synthesis gene and exogenous melatonin application in upland cotton. In this study, applicating of melatonin can improve salt tolerance of cotton seedlings. The content of endogenous melatonin was different in cotton varieties with different salt tolerance. The inhibition of melatonin biosynthesis related genes and endogenous melatonin content in cotton resulted in the decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity, Ca2+ content and salt tolerance of cotton. To explore the protective mechanism of exogenous melatonin against salt stress by RNA-seq analysis. Melatonin played an important role in the resistance of cotton to salt stress, improved the salt tolerance of cotton by regulating antioxidant enzymes, transcription factors, plant hormones, signal molecules and Ca2+ signal transduction. This study proposed a regulatory network for melatonin to regulate cotton's response to salt stress, which provided a theoretical basis for improving cotton's salt tolerance.
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