1
|
Elbasan F, Arikan-Abdulveli B, Ozfidan-Konakci C, Yildiztugay E, Tarhan İ, Çelik B. Exploring the defense strategies of benzalkonium chloride exposures on the antioxidant system, photosynthesis and ROS accumulation in Lemna minor. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142924. [PMID: 39048046 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
With the advent of technological advancements post the industrial revolution, thousands of chemicals are introduced into the market annually to enhance different facets of human life. Among these, pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs), including antibiotics and disinfectants, such as benzalkonium chlorides (BACs), are prominent. BACs, often used for surface and hand disinfection in high concentrations or as preservatives in health products such as nasal sprays and eye drops, may present environmental risks if they seep into irrigation water through prolonged exposure or improper application. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the tolerance mechanisms that may arise in Lemna minor plants, known for their remarkable capability to accumulate substances efficiently, in response to exogenously applied BACs at varying concentrations. The study applied six different concentrations of BACs, ranging from 0.25 to 10 mg L-1. The experimental period spanned seven days, during which the treatments were conducted in triplicate to ensure reliability and reproducibility of the results. It was observed that low concentrations of BACs (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg L-1) did not elicit any statistically significant changes in growth parameters. However, higher concentrations of BACs (2.5, 5, and 10 mg L-1) resulted in a reduction in RGR by 20%, 28%, and 36%, respectively. Chlorophyll fluorescence declined significantly at BAC doses of 5 and 10 mg L-1, with Fv/Fm ratios decreasing by 9% and 15%, and Fv/Fo ratios by 40% and 39%, respectively. Proline content decreased in all treatment groups, with a 46% reduction at 10 mg L-1 BAC. TBARS and H2O2 contents increased proportionally with BAC dosage, showing the highest increases of 30% and 40% at 10 mg L-1, respectively. The noticeable increase in SOD enzyme activity at BAC concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2.5 mg L-1, with increases of 2.7-fold, 2.2-fold, and 1.7-fold respectively, along with minimal accumulation of H2O2, suggests that L. minor plants have a strong tolerance to BAC. This is supported by the efficient functioning of the CAT and GST enzymes, especially evident at the same concentrations, where increased activities effectively reduce the buildup of H2O2. In the AsA-GSH cycle, although variations were observed between groups, the contribution of the GR enzyme to the preservation of GSH content by recycling GSSG likely maintained redox homeostasis in the plant, especially at low concentrations of BACs. The study revealed that L. minor effectively accumulates BAC alongside its tolerance mechanisms and high antioxidant activity. These results underscore the potential for environmental cleanup efforts through phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fevzi Elbasan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Busra Arikan-Abdulveli
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Ceyda Ozfidan-Konakci
- Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 42090, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Evren Yildiztugay
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - İsmail Tarhan
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Berfin Çelik
- Selcuk University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, 42250, Konya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Basu S, Monika, Kumari S, Kumar G. Sub1 QTL confers submergence tolerance in rice through nitro-oxidative regulation and phytohormonal signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108682. [PMID: 38714133 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Constant change in global climate has become the most important limiting factor to crop productivity. Asymmetrical precipitations are causing recurrent flood events around the world. Submergence is one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses for sustainable rice production in the rainfed ecosystems of Southeast Asia. Therefore, the development of submergence-tolerant rice is an essential requirement to encounter food security. Submergence tolerance in rice is governed by the major quantitative trait locus (QTL) designated as Submergence1 (Sub1) near the centromere of chromosome 9. The introduction of the Sub1 in high-yielding rice varieties producing near-isogenic lines (NILs) has shown extreme submergence tolerance. The present study aimed to understand the responses of rice genotype IR64 and its Sub1 NIL IR64 Sub1 following one week of complete submergence treatment. Submergence imposed severe nitro-oxidative stress in both the rice genotypes, consequently disrupting the cellular redox homeostasis. In this study, IR64 exhibited higher NADPH oxidase activity accompanied by increased reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and malondialdehyde buildups and cell death under submergence. Higher accumulations of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, gibberellic acid, and Indole-3-acetic acid were also observed in IR64 which accelerated the plant growth and root cortical aerenchyma development following submergence. In contrast, IR64 Sub1 had enhanced submergence tolerance associated with an improved antioxidant defense system with sustainable morpho-physiological activities and restricted root aerenchyma formation. The comprehensive analyses of the responses of rice genotypes with contrasting submergence tolerance may demonstrate the intricacies of rice under complete submergence and may potentially contribute to improving stress resilience by advancing our understanding of the mechanisms of submergence tolerance in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Monika
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Surbhi Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang Y, Zhou GJ, Li Z, Sun J, Wong AST, Ko VCC, Wu RSS, Lai KP. Effects of benzophenone-3 and its metabolites on the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracilis: Underlying mechanisms and environmental implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171371. [PMID: 38432364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The wide application of benzophenones (BPs), such as benzophenone-3 (BP3), as an ingredient in sunscreens, cosmetics, coatings, and plastics, has led to their global contamination in aquatic environments. Using the marine diatom Chaetoceros neogracilis as a model, this study assessed the toxic effects and mechanisms of BP3 and its two major metabolites (BP8 and BP1). The results showed that BP3 exhibited higher toxicity on C. neogracilis than BP8 and BP1, with their 72-h median effective concentrations being 0.4, 0.8 and 4 mg/L, respectively. Photosynthesis efficiencies were significantly reduced after exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of the three benzophenones, while cell viability, membrane integrity, membrane potential, and metabolic activities could be further impaired at their higher concentrations. Comparative transcriptomic analysis, followed by gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses unraveled that all the three tested benzophenones disrupted photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism of the diatom through alteration of similar pathways. The toxic effect of BP3 was also attributable to its unique inhibitory effects on eukaryotic ribosome biosynthesis and DNA replication. Taken together, our findings underscore that benzophenones may pose a significant threat to photosynthesis, oxygen production, primary productivity, carbon fixation, and the nitrogen cycle of diatom in coastal waters worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Guang-Jie Zhou
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ziying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Academy of Metrology & Quality Inspection, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jiaji Sun
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Vincent Chi Chiu Ko
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rudolf Shiu Sun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomics Analysis of the Root Responses of Orchardgrass to Submergence Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032089. [PMID: 36768412 PMCID: PMC9916531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Submergence stress can severely affect plant growth. Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) is an important forage grass, and the molecular mechanisms of orchardgrass to submergence stress are not well understood. The roots of the flood-tolerant cultivar "Dian Bei" were harvested at 0 h, 8 h and 24 h of submergence stress. The combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that β-alanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of amino acid pathways were significantly enriched at 8 h and 24 h of submergence stress and were more pronounced at 24 h. Most of the flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes were down-regulated for the synthesis of metabolites such as naringenin, apigenin, naringin, neohesperidin, naringenin chalcone, and liquiritigenin in response to submergence stress. Metabolites such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan were up-regulated under stress. The predominant response of flavonoid and amino acids biosynthesis to submergence stress suggests an important role of these pathways in the submergence tolerance of orchardgrass.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang C, Li N, Hu Z, Liu H, Hu Y, Tan Y, Sun Q, Liu X, Xiao L, Wang W, Wang R. Mutation of Leaf Senescence 1 Encoding a C2H2 Zinc Finger Protein Induces ROS Accumulation and Accelerates Leaf Senescence in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214464. [PMID: 36430940 PMCID: PMC9696409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature senescence of leaves causes a reduced yield and quality of rice by affecting plant growth and development. The regulatory mechanisms underlying early leaf senescence are still unclear. The Leaf senescence 1 (LS1) gene encodes a C2H2-type zinc finger protein that is localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. In this study, we constructed a rice mutant named leaf senescence 1 (ls1) with a premature leaf senescence phenotype using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of the LS1 gene. The ls1 mutants exhibited premature leaf senescence and reduced chlorophyll content. The expression levels of LS1 were higher in mature or senescent leaves than that in young leaves. The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly increased and catalase (CAT) activity was remarkably reduced in the ls1 plants. Furthermore, a faster decrease in pigment content was detected in mutants than that in WT upon induction of complete darkness. TUNEL and staining experiments indicated severe DNA degradation and programmed cell death in the ls1 mutants, which suggested that excessive ROS may lead to leaf senescence and cell death in ls1 plants. Additionally, an RT-qPCR analysis revealed that most senescence-associated and ROS-scavenging genes were upregulated in the ls1 mutants compared with the WT. Collectively, our findings revealed that LS1 might regulate leaf development and function, and that disruption of LS1 function promotes ROS accumulation and accelerates leaf senescence and cell death in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ni Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Zhongxiao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuanyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice in Sanya, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Yanning Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiqin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Langtao Xiao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Weiping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha 410125, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (R.W.)
| | - Ruozhong Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Correspondence: (W.W.); (R.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abbas G, Pandey G, Singh KB, Gautam N. One-Pot Surface Modification of β-Cu 2O NPs for Biocatalytic Performance against A-549 Lung Carcinoma Cell Lines through Docking Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29380-29393. [PMID: 34778611 PMCID: PMC8581973 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical approaches and biological principles in bio-nanotechnology favor specially functionalized nanosized particles. Cuprous oxide nanoparticles (β-Cu2O NPs) of cuprite phase with a little tenorite (CuO) may be very effective in the development of novel therapeutic approaches against several fatalities including A-549 lung carcinoma cell lines. Consequently, the synthesis of β-Cu2O NPs for the improvement in the therapeutic index and drug delivery application is becoming an effective strategy in conventional anticarcinoma treatment. Hence, surface-enhanced nanosized spherical cuprous oxide nanoparticles (β-Cu2O NPs) of cuprite phase were successfully prepared using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as an amphiphilic nonionic surfactant and l-ascorbic acid (K3[Cu(Cl5)]@LAA-PEG) reduced to cuprites β-Cu2O NPs via the sonochemical route. Less improved toxicity and better solubility of β-Cu2O NPs compared with Axitinib were a major reason for producing β-Cu2O NPs from K3[Cu(Cl5)]@LAA-PEG (LAA, l-ascorbic acid, PEG, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)). These nanoparticle syntheses have been suggested to influence their cytotoxicity, free-radical scavenging analysis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) using poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and l-ascorbic acid (LAA) as coated and grafted materials due to their dose-dependent nature and IC50 calculations. The surface morphology of the formed β-Cu2O NPs has been examined via UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy diffraction scattering spectroscopy (SEM@EDS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis results confirm the presence of pure cuprite with a very little amount of tenorite (CuO) phase, Dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirms the negative ζ-value with stable nature. Docking was performed using PDB of lung carcinomas and others, as rigid receptors, whereas the β-Cu2O NP cluster was treated as a flexible ligand.
Collapse
|
7
|
Basu S, Kumar G. Exploring the significant contribution of silicon in regulation of cellular redox homeostasis for conferring stress tolerance in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 166:393-404. [PMID: 34153883 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si), a bioactive metalloid is beneficial for plant growth and development. It also plays a key role in the amelioration of different abiotic and biotic stresses. Extensive studies have elucidated the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular background of Si-mediated stress tolerance in plants. However, the mechanism acquired by Si to enhance stress tolerance in plants is still unheeded. Present review summarized the prospective mechanisms of Si in acquisition of stress tolerance with emphasis on its interactions with secondary messengers. Silicon usually modulates the different gene expressions in plants under stress conditions rather than acting as a direct signal or secondary messengers. Silicon regulates the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plants under stress conditions. Furthermore, Si also activates the antioxidant defence system in plants; thereby, maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis and preventing the oxidative damage of cells. Silicon also up-regulates the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or acts synergistically with nitric oxide (NO), consequently conferring stress tolerance in plants. Overall, the review may provide a progressive understanding of the role of Si in conservation of the redox homeostasis in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, 824236, Bihar, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yuan Z, Ni X, Arif M, Dong Z, Zhang L, Tan X, Li J, Li C. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Photosynthetic, Respiration, and Aerenchyma Adaptation Strategies in Bermudagrass ( Cynodon dactylon) under Different Submergence Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157905. [PMID: 34360668 PMCID: PMC8347729 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Submergence impedes photosynthesis and respiration but facilitates aerenchyma formation in bermudagrass. Still, the regulatory genes underlying these physiological responses are unclear in the literature. To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to these physiological mechanisms, we studied the expression of DEGs in aboveground and underground tissues of bermudagrass after a 7 d treatment under control (CK), shallow submergence (SS), and deep submergence (DS). Results show that compared with CK, 12276 and 12559 DEGs were identified under SS and DS, respectively. Among them, the DEGs closely related to the metabolism of chlorophyll biosynthesis, light-harvesting, protein complex, and carbon fixation were down-regulated in SS and DS. Meanwhile, a large number of DEGs involved in starch and sucrose hydrolase activities, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation were down-regulated in aboveground tissues of bermudagrass in SS and DS. Whereas in underground tissues of bermudagrass these DEGs were all up-regulated under SS, only beta-fructofuranosidase and α-amylase related genes were up-regulated under DS. In addition, we found that DEGs associated with ethylene signaling, Ca2+-ROS signaling, and cell wall modification were also up-regulated during aerenchyma formation in underground tissues of bermudagrass under SS and DS. These results provide the basis for further exploration of the regulatory and functional genes related to the adaptability of bermudagrass to submergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (M.A.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (X.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Xilu Ni
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration of North-Western China, Key Lab for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in North-Western China (Ministry of Education), Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (M.A.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (X.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (M.A.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (X.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Limiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (M.A.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (X.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Xue Tan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (M.A.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (X.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (M.A.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (X.T.); (J.L.)
| | - Changxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.Y.); (M.A.); (Z.D.); (L.Z.); (X.T.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Basu S, Kumari S, Kumar A, Shahid R, Kumar S, Kumar G. Nitro-oxidative stress induces the formation of roots' cortical aerenchyma in rice under osmotic stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 172:963-975. [PMID: 33826753 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress induces the formation of cortical aerenchyma in roots, providing drought tolerance by reducing respiration. However, unrestricted aerenchyma formation impedes the radial transport of water through the root's central cylinder; thereby decreasing the water uptake under drought stress. Therefore, exploring the root architectural and anatomical alterations in rice under drought is essential for targeting crop improvement. Drought stress-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in the lysigenous aerenchyma development. However, the influence of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the development of lysigenous aerenchyma under drought has never been studied in rice. The present study examined the effect of ROS and RNS, generated by progressive drought stress, on the lysigenous aerenchyma formation in the roots of contrasting rice genotypes of the Eastern Indo-Gangetic plains (EIGP). As expected, the PEG-induced drought stress stimulated the expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX), thereby promoting the ROS generation in roots of the rice seedlings. Excessive ROS and RNS accumulations in roots affected the membrane lipids, promoting the tissue-specific programmed cell death (PCD) in rice. The activation of the antioxidant defense system played a major role in the ROS and RNS detoxification, thereby restricting the root aerenchyma formation in rice under drought stress. The results also displayed that drought tolerance in rice is associated with the formation of the Casparian strip, which limits the apoplastic flow of water in the water-deficient roots. Overall, our study revealed the association of nitro-oxidative metabolism with PCD and lysigenous aerenchyma formation in the cortical cells of root under drought stress in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Basu
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Surbhi Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Rimsha Shahid
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, India
| |
Collapse
|