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Rajkumar MS, Tembhare K, Garg R, Jain M. Genome-wide mapping of DNase I hypersensitive sites revealed differential chromatin accessibility and regulatory DNA elements under drought stress in rice cultivars. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:2063-2079. [PMID: 38859561 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Drought stress (DS) is one of the major constraints limiting yield in crop plants including rice. Gene regulation under DS is largely governed by accessibility of the transcription factors (TFs) to their cognate cis-regulatory elements (CREs). In this study, we used DNase I hypersensitive assays followed by sequencing to identify the accessible chromatin regions under DS in a drought-sensitive (IR64) and a drought-tolerant (N22) rice cultivar. Our results indicated that DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) were highly enriched at transcription start sites (TSSs) and numerous DHSs were detected in the promoter regions. DHSs were concurrent with epigenetic marks and the genes harboring DHSs in their TSS and promoter regions were highly expressed. In addition, DS induced changes in DHSs (∆DHSs) in TSS and promoter regions were positively correlated with upregulation of several genes involved in drought/abiotic stress response, those encoding TFs and located within drought-associated quantitative trait loci, much preferentially in the drought-tolerant cultivar. The CREs representing the binding sites of TFs involved in DS response were detected within the ∆DHSs, suggesting differential accessibility of TFs to their cognate sites under DS in different rice cultivars, which may be further deployed for enhancing drought tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Singh Rajkumar
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kunal Tembhare
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rohini Garg
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, 201314, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Zhou W, Shi H, Wang Z, Huang Y, Ni L, Chen X, Liu Y, Li H, Li C, Liu Y. Identification of Highly Repetitive Enhancers with Long-range Regulation Potential in Barley via STARR-seq. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2024; 22:qzae012. [PMID: 39167800 DOI: 10.1093/gpbjnl/qzae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Enhancers are DNA sequences that can strengthen transcription initiation. However, the global identification of plant enhancers is complicated due to uncertainty in the distance and orientation of enhancers, especially in species with large genomes. In this study, we performed self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) for the first time to identify enhancers across the barley genome. A total of 7323 enhancers were successfully identified, and among 45 randomly selected enhancers, over 75% were effective as validated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay system in the lower epidermis of tobacco leaves. Interestingly, up to 53.5% of the barley enhancers were repetitive sequences, especially transposable elements (TEs), thus reinforcing the vital role of repetitive enhancers in gene expression. Both the common active mark H3K4me3 and repressive mark H3K27me3 were abundant among the barley STARR-seq enhancers. In addition, the functional range of barley STARR-seq enhancers seemed much broader than that of rice or maize and extended to ±100 kb of the gene body, and this finding was consistent with the high expression levels of genes in the genome. This study specifically depicts the unique features of barley enhancers and provides available barley enhancers for further utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haoran Shi
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuxin Huang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Ni
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Haojie Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yaxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Khan A, Pudhuvai B, Shrestha A, Mishra AK, Shah MP, Koul B, Dey N. CRISPR-mediated iron and folate biofortification in crops: advances and perspectives. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-31. [PMID: 37092872 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2205202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency conditions, such as anemia, are the most prevalent global health problem due to inadequate iron and folate in dietary sources. Biofortification advancements can propel the rapid amelioration of nutritionally beneficial components in crops that are required to combat the adverse effects of micronutrient deficiencies on human health. To date, several strategies have been proposed to increase micronutrients in plants to improve food quality, but very few approaches have intrigued `clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats' (CRISPR) modules for the enhancement of iron and folate concentration in the edible parts of plants. In this review, we discuss two important approaches to simultaneously enhance the bioavailability of iron and folate concentrations in rice endosperms by utilizing advanced CRISPR-Cas9-based technology. This includes the 'tuning of cis-elements' and 'enhancer re-shuffling' in the regulatory components of genes that play a vital role in iron and folate biosynthesis/transportation pathways. In particular, base-editing and enhancer re-installation in native promoters of selected genes can lead to enhanced accumulation of iron and folate levels in the rice endosperm. The re-distribution of micronutrients in specific plant organs can be made possible using the above-mentioned contemporary approaches. Overall, the present review discusses the possible approaches for synchronized iron and folate biofortification through modification in regulatory gene circuits employing CRISPR-Cas9 technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed Khan
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Baveesh Pudhuvai
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Ankita Shrestha
- Division of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maulin P Shah
- Division of Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Enviro Technology Ltd, Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhupendra Koul
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Division of Microbial and Plant Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Shoji T, Moriyama K, Sierro N, Ouadi S, Ivanov NV, Hashimoto T, Saito K. Natural and induced variations in transcriptional regulator genes result in low-nicotine phenotypes in tobacco. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1768-1779. [PMID: 35883194 PMCID: PMC9544004 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In tobacco, the homologous ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) transcription factors ERF199 and ERF189 coordinate the transcription of multiple metabolic genes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. Natural alleles at the NIC1 and NIC2 loci greatly affect alkaloid accumulation and overlap with ERF199 and ERF189 in the tobacco genome, respectively. In this study, we identified several low-nicotine tobacco varieties lacking ERF199 or ERF189 from a tobacco germplasm collection. We characterized the sequence of these new nic1 and nic2 alleles, as well as the previously defined alleles nic1-1 and nic2-1. Moreover, we examined the influence of different nic alleles on alkaloid contents and expression levels of genes related to nicotine biosynthesis. We also demonstrated that the deletion of a distal genomic region attenuates ERF199 expression, resulting in a moderately negative effect on the alkaloid phenotype. Our study provides new insights into the regulation of nicotine biosynthesis and novel genetic resources to breed low-nicotine tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Shoji
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0101Japan
| | - Koki Moriyama
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0101Japan
| | - Nicolas Sierro
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.Quai Jeanrenaud 5CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Sonia Ouadi
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.Quai Jeanrenaud 5CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Nikolai V. Ivanov
- PMI R&D, Philip Morris Products S.A.Quai Jeanrenaud 5CH‐2000NeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Division of Biological ScienceNara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkomaNara630‐0101Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Plant Molecular Science CenterChiba University, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
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Kumar V, Kumar Srivastava A, Wani SH, Shriram V, Penna S. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating salt tolerance in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1291-1294. [PMID: 34842287 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Shabir H Wani
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, Mountain Research Centre for Field Crops, Khudwani, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Varsha Shriram
- Department of Botany, Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Akurdi, Pune, India
| | - Suprasanna Penna
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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