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Bailey EC, Thacker E, Monaco TA, Veblen KE. Transplanted sagebrush "wildlings" exhibit higher survival than greenhouse-grown tubelings yet both recruit new plants. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:50. [PMID: 38649814 PMCID: PMC11034100 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02236-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Land uses such as crop production, livestock grazing, mining, and urban development have contributed to degradation of drylands worldwide. Loss of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) on disturbed drylands across the western U.S. has prompted massive efforts to re-establish this foundational species. There has been growing interest in avoiding the severe limitations experienced by plants at the seed and seedling stages by instead establishing plants from containerized greenhouse seedlings ("tubelings"). In some settings, a potential alternative approach is to transplant larger locally-collected plants ("wildlings"). We compared the establishment of mountain big sagebrush (A. tridentata ssp. vaseyana) from tubelings vs. wildlings in southeastern Idaho. A mix of native and non-native grass and forb species was drill-seeded in a pasture previously dominated by the introduced forage grass, smooth brome (Bromus inermis). We then established 80 m x 80 m treatment plots and planted sagebrush tubelings (n = 12 plots, 1200 plants) and wildlings (n = 12 plots, 1200 plants). We also established seeded plots (n = 12) and untreated control plots (n = 6) for long-term comparison. We tracked project expenses in order to calculate costs of using tubelings vs. wildlings as modified by probability of success. RESULTS There was high (79%) tubeling and low (10%) wildling mortality within the first year. Three years post-planting, chance of survival for wildlings was significantly higher than that of tubelings (85% and 14% respectively). Despite high up-front costs of planting wildlings, high survival rates resulted in their being < 50% of the cost of tubelings on a per-surviving plant basis. Additionally, by the third year post-planting 34% of surviving tubelings and 95% of surviving wildlings showed evidence of reproduction (presence / absence of flowering stems), and the two types of plantings recruited new plants via seed (3.7 and 2.4 plants, respectively, per surviving tubeling/wildling). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that larger plants with more developed root systems (wildlings) may be a promising avenue for increasing early establishment rates of sagebrush plants in restoration settings. Our results also illustrate the potential for tubelings and wildlings to improve restoration outcomes by "nucleating" the landscape via recruitment of new plants during ideal climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Bailey
- Dept. of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
- Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5205 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
- SWCA Environmental Consultants, 7210 Placid St, Las Vegas, NV, 89119, USA
| | - Eric Thacker
- Dept. of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Thomas A Monaco
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Forage and Range Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Kari E Veblen
- Dept. of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
- Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5205 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
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Deeb M, Smagin AV, Pauleit S, Fouché-Grobla O, Podwojewski P, Groffman PM. The urgency of building soils for Middle Eastern and North African countries: Economic, environmental, and health solutions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170529. [PMID: 38296094 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Soil degradation is a short or long ongoing process that limits ecosystem services. Intensive land use, water scarcity, land disturbance, and global climate change have reduced the quality of soils worldwide. This degradation directly threatens most of the land in the Middle East and North Africa, while the remaining areas are at high risk of further desertification. Rehabilitation and control of these damaged environments are essential to avoid negative effects on human well-being (e.g., poverty, food insecurity, wars, etc.). Here we review constructed soils involving the use of waste materials as a solution to soil degradation and present approaches to address erosion, organic matter oxidation, water scarcity and salinization. Our analysis showed a high potential for using constructed soil as a complimentary reclamation solution in addition to traditional ones. Constructed soils could have the ability to overcome the limitations of existing solutions to tackle land degradation while contributing to the solution of waste management problems. These soils facilitate the provision of multiple ecosystem services and have the potential to address particularly challenging land degradation problems in semi and dry climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Deeb
- Soils and Substrates, HEPIA, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Geneva, Switzerland; Lehrstuhl für Strategie und Management der Landschaftsentwicklung, Technische Universität München, Germany.
| | - Andrey Valentinovich Smagin
- Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Forest Science of RAS, Moscow Region, Sovetskaya 21, 143030 Uspenskoe, Russia
| | - Stephan Pauleit
- Lehrstuhl für Strategie und Management der Landschaftsentwicklung, Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Olivier Fouché-Grobla
- IRD, UMR IEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université/IRD/CNRS/INRAe/UPEC/Université de Paris, Centre IRD de France Nord, 32, Av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France; Geomatics & Land Law Lab, Conservatoire national des Arts et Métiers (CNAM), Paris, France
| | - Pascal Podwojewski
- IRD, UMR IEES-Paris, Sorbonne Université/IRD/CNRS/INRAe/UPEC/Université de Paris, Centre IRD de France Nord, 32, Av. H. Varagnat, 93143 Bondy Cedex, France
| | - Peter M Groffman
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
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3
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Eppinga MB, Michaels TK, Santos MJ, Bever JD. Introducing desirable patches to initiate ecosystem transitions and accelerate ecosystem restoration. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2910. [PMID: 37602903 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Meeting restoration targets may require active strategies to accelerate natural regeneration rates or overcome the resilience associated with degraded ecosystem states. Introducing desired ecosystem patches in degraded landscapes constitutes a promising active restoration strategy, with various mechanisms potentially causing these patches to become foci from which desired species can re-establish throughout the landscape. This study considers three mechanisms previously identified as potential drivers of introduced patch dynamics: autocatalytic nucleation, directed dispersal, and resource concentration. These mechanisms reflect qualitatively different positive feedbacks. We developed an ecological model framework that compared how the occurrence of each mechanism was reflected in spatio-temporal patch dynamics. We then analyzed the implications of these relationships for optimal restoration design. We found that patch expansion accelerated over time when driven by the autocatalytic nucleation mechanism, while patch expansion driven by the directed dispersal or resource concentration mechanisms decelerated over time. Additionally, when driven by autocatalytic nucleation, patch expansion was independent of patch position in the landscape. However, the proximity of other patches affected patch expansion either positively or negatively when driven by directed dispersal or resource concentration. For autocatalytic nucleation, introducing many small patches was a favorable strategy, provided that each individual patch exceeded a critical patch size. Introducing a single patch or a few large patches was the most effective restoration strategy to initiate the directed dispersal mechanism. Introducing many small patches was the most effective strategy for reaching restored ecosystem states driven by a resource concentration mechanism. Our model results suggest that introducing desirable patches can substantially accelerate ecosystem restoration, or even induce a critical transition from an otherwise stable degraded state toward a desired ecosystem state. However, the potential of this type of restoration strategy for a particular ecosystem may strongly depend on the mechanism driving patch dynamics. In turn, which mechanism drives patch dynamics may affect the optimal spatial design of an active restoration strategy. Each of the three mechanisms considered reflects distinct spatio-temporal patch dynamics, providing novel opportunities for empirically identifying key mechanisms, and restoration designs that introduce desired patches in degraded landscapes according to these patch dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theo K Michaels
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Maria J Santos
- Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - James D Bever
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
- Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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4
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Tuyizere D, Tuyishimire J, Tuyisenge MF, van der Hoek Y. Preliminary evidence of upland plant encroachment in high‐elevation wetlands of Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. Afr J Ecol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diogene Tuyizere
- Biology Department, School of Sciences, College of Science and Technology University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda
| | - Joseph Tuyishimire
- Center for GIS, College of Science and Technology University of Rwanda Kigali Rwanda
| | | | - Yntze van der Hoek
- Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International Karisoke Research Center Musanze Rwanda
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5
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Ngwenya DK, Holmes PM, Geerts S, Esler KJ. Scaling up restoration efforts by simulating the effects of fire to circumvent prescribed burns when preparing restoration sites in South African fynbos ecosystems. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duduzile K. Ngwenya
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Natural Sciences Building, Private Bag X1 Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Patricia M. Holmes
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Natural Sciences Building, Private Bag X1 Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
| | - Sjirk Geerts
- Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Natural Sciences Building, Private Bag X1 Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
- Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences Cape Peninsula University of Technology Cape Town South Africa
| | - Karen J. Esler
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland South Africa
- Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Natural Sciences Building, Private Bag X1 Stellenbosch University Matieland South Africa
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McGranahan DA, Wonkka CL. Fuel Properties of Effective Greenstrips in Simulated Cheatgrass Fires. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 70:319-328. [PMID: 35577981 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01659-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Invasive annual grasses alter fire regime in steppe ecosystems, and subsequent trends toward larger, more frequent wildfires impacts iconic biodiversity. A common solution is to disrupt novel fuel beds comprising continuous swaths of invasive annual grasses with greenstrips-linear, human-maintained stands of less-flammable vegetation. But selecting effective native species is challenged by the fact that identifying the optimal combination of plant traits that interrupt wildfire spread is logistically difficult. We employed fire behavior simulation modeling to determine plant traits with high potential to slow fire spread in annual Bromus-dominated fuelbeds. We found species with low leaf:stem (fine:coarse) ratios and high live:dead fuel ratios to be most effective. Our approach helps isolate fuelbed characteristics that slow fire spread, providing a geographically-agnostic framework to scale plant traits to greenstrip effectiveness. This framework helps managers assess potential native species for greenstrips without needing logistically-difficult experimental assessments to determine how a species might affect fire behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Allen McGranahan
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Livestock & Range Research Laboratory, 243 Ft. Keogh Rd., Miles City, 59301, MT, USA.
| | - Carissa L Wonkka
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, 1500 Central Ave., Sidney, 59270, MT, USA
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7
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Roth CL, O'Neil ST, Coates PS, Ricca MA, Pyke DA, Aldridge CL, Heinrichs JA, Espinosa SP, Delehanty DJ. Targeting Sagebrush (Artemisia Spp.) Restoration Following Wildfire with Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus Urophasianus) Nest Selection and Survival Models. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 70:288-306. [PMID: 35687203 PMCID: PMC9252971 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Unprecedented conservation efforts for sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems across the western United States have been catalyzed by risks from escalated wildfire activity that reduces habitat for sagebrush-obligate species such as Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus). However, post-fire restoration is challenged by spatial variation in ecosystem processes influencing resilience to disturbance and resistance to non-native invasive species, and spatial and temporal lags between slower sagebrush recovery processes and faster demographic responses of sage-grouse to loss of important habitat. Decision-support frameworks that account for these factors can help users strategically apply restoration efforts by predicting short and long-term ecological benefits of actions. Here, we developed a framework that strategically targets burned areas for restoration actions (e.g., seeding or planting sagebrush) that have the greatest potential to positively benefit sage-grouse populations through time. Specifically, we estimated sagebrush recovery following wildfire and risk of non-native annual grass invasion under four scenarios: passive recovery, grazing exclusion, active restoration with seeding, and active restoration with seedling transplants. We then applied spatial predictions of integrated nest site selection and survival models before wildfire, immediately following wildfire, and at 30 and 50 years post-wildfire based on each restoration scenario and measured changes in habitat. Application of this framework coupled with strategic planting designs aimed at developing patches of nesting habitat may help increase operational resilience for fire-impacted sagebrush ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali L Roth
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | - Shawn T O'Neil
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | - Peter S Coates
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA.
| | - Mark A Ricca
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | - David A Pyke
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 777 NW 9th Street, Suite 400, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - Cameron L Aldridge
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, CO, 80526-8118, USA
| | - Julie A Heinrichs
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, in cooperation with U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Colorado State University, 2150 Centre Avenue, Building C, Fort Collins, CO, 80526-8118, USA
| | - Shawn P Espinosa
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, 6980 Sierra Center Parkway #120, Reno, NV, 89511, USA
| | - David J Delehanty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
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8
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Martyn TE, Barberán A, Blankinship JC, Miller M, Yang B, Kline A, Gornish ES. Rock structures improve seedling establishment, litter catchment, fungal richness, and soil moisture in the first year after installation. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 70:134-145. [PMID: 35487980 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-022-01651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grasslands are essential natural and agricultural ecosystems that encompass over one-third of global lands. However, land conversion and poor management have caused losses of these systems which contributed to a 10% reduction of net primary production, a 4% increase in carbon emissions, and a potential loss of US $42 billion a year. It is, therefore, important to restore, enhance and conserve these grasslands to sustain natural plant communities and the livelihoods of those that rely on them. We installed low cost rock structures (media lunas) to assess their ability to restore grasslands by slowing water flow, reducing erosion and improving plant establishment. Our treatments included sites with small and large rock structures that were seeded with a native seed mix as well as sites with no seed or rock and sites with only seed addition. We collected summer percent cover for plants, litter, and rock and spring seedling count data. We also collected soil for nutrient, moisture, and microbial analysis. Within the first year, we found no change in plant cover between rock structures of two rock sizes. We did find, however, an increase in soil moisture, litter, fungal richness, and spring seedling germination within the rock structures, despite a historic drought. This work demonstrates that rock structures can positively impact plants and soils of grasslands even within the first year. Our results suggest that managers should seriously consider employing these low-cost structures to increase short-term plant establishment and possibly, soil health, in grasslands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trace E Martyn
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
| | - Albert Barberán
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Joseph C Blankinship
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Mary Miller
- Elkhorn Ranch, Tucson, AZ, 85736, USA
- Altar Valley Conservation Alliance, Tucson, AZ, 85736, USA
| | - Ben Yang
- Department of Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Albert Kline
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Elise S Gornish
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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9
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Barrera‐Cataño JI, Garibello J, Moreno‐Cárdenas C, Basto S. Trade offs at applying tree nucleation to restore degraded high andean forests in colombia. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José I. Barrera‐Cataño
- Escuela de Restauración ecológica (ERE), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
- Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
| | - Juan Garibello
- Escuela de Restauración ecológica (ERE), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
| | - Carolina Moreno‐Cárdenas
- Escuela de Restauración ecológica (ERE), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
| | - Sofía Basto
- Unidad de Ecología y Sistemática (UNESIS), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
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Shryock DF, DeFalco LA, Esque TC. Seed Menus: An integrated decision‐support framework for native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8805. [PMID: 35432931 PMCID: PMC9005930 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of ecosystem stressors, rapid climate change, and increasing landscape‐scale development has necessitated active restoration across large tracts of disturbed habitats in the arid southwestern United States. In this context, programmatic directives such as the National Seed Strategy for Rehabilitation and Restoration have increasingly emphasized improved restoration practices that promote resilient, diverse plant communities, and enhance native seed reserves. While decision‐support tools have been implemented to support genetic diversity by guiding seed transfer decisions based on patterns in local adaptation, less emphasis has been placed on identifying priority seed mixes composed of native species assemblages. Well‐designed seed mixes can provide foundational ecosystem services including resilience to disturbance, resistance to invasive species, plant canopy structure to facilitate natural seedling recruitment, and habitat to support wildlife and pollinator communities. Drawing from a newly developed dataset of species distribution models for priority native plant taxa in the Mojave Desert, we created a novel decision support tool by pairing spatial predictions of species habitat with a database of key species traits including life history, flowering characteristics, pollinator relationships, and propagation methods. This publicly available web application, Mojave Seed Menus, helps restoration practitioners generate customized seed mixes for native plant restoration in the Mojave Desert based on project locations. Our application forms part of an integrated Mojave Desert restoration program designed to help practitioners identify species to include in local seed mixes and nursery stock development while accounting for local adaptation by identifying appropriate seed source locations from key restoration species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F. Shryock
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Boulder City Nevada USA
| | - Lesley A. DeFalco
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Boulder City Nevada USA
| | - Todd C. Esque
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Boulder City Nevada USA
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11
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Leger A, Ball K, Rathke S, Blankinship J. Mulch more so than compost improves soil health to reestablish vegetation in a semiarid rangeland. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Leger
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - K.R Ball
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - S. Rathke
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
| | - J.C. Blankinship
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 USA
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12
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Morales‐Márquez J, Meloni F. Soil fauna and its potential use in the ecological restoration of dryland ecosystems. Restor Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Morales‐Márquez
- Ecological World for Life. Environmental Management. Calle Castelló 23, segundo izquierda 28001 Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Meloni
- Department of Physics, FFCLRP University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes 3900 Ribeirão Preto Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Sistemas Complexos (INCT‐SC), Dr. Xavier Sigaud ‐ 150 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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13
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Maggioli L, Rodríguez-Caballero E, Cantón Y, Rodríguez-Lozano B, Chamizo S. Design Optimization of Biocrust-Plant Spatial Configuration for Dry Ecosystem Restoration Using Water Redistribution and Erosion Models. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.765148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Land degradation is one of the main threats to dryland sustainability in the next decades, hence restoration of the degraded land from drylands is an urgent need to maintain ecosystem functionality and their ability to provide ecosystem services. To achieve this goal, restoration practices should pursue the recovery of the main ground components, arranged in an optimal spatial configuration, to mimic undisturbed natural conditions. Drylands function as complex ecohydrologically coupled systems in which interplant source areas, frequently covered by biocrusts, act as sources of runoff and nutrients to adjacent vegetation, which act as sinks for these resources. Thus, one way to increase dryland restoration success is through an optimal spatial configuration of biocrusts and plants that maximizes an efficient use of the limited resources within the system. In this study, we selected a degraded slope from a limestone quarry located in Almería province (SE Spain) and modeled how active restoration of the biocrust through soil inoculation with cyanobacteria and its combination with different spatial configurations of vegetation affected runoff redistribution and erosion. For that, we applied the spatially distributed Limburg Soil Erosion Model (LISEM) which was able to predict the erosion measured on the slope during the study period with low error (RMSE = 17.8%). Modeling results showed that the introduction of vegetation on the degraded slope reduced runoff between 2 and 24% and erosion between 4 and 17% for the scenario with plants compared to the one without restoration management. Of all the vegetation spatial configurations tested, the one that provided better results was the scenario in which plants were located in the areas of higher water accumulation (higher topographic wetness index). Moreover, we found that active biocrust restoration by cyanobacteria inoculation significantly reduced erosion by 70–90%, especially during the first stages of plant development, while maintaining water supply to vegetation. These findings highlight the potential of water redistribution and erosion simulation models to identify the most optimal spatial configuration of ground covers that maximizes water and nutrient supply to vegetation, while minimizes water, sediment, and nutrient losses by erosion, thus serving as an efficient tool to plan restoration actions in drylands.
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14
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Albright MBN, Louca S, Winkler DE, Feeser KL, Haig SJ, Whiteson KL, Emerson JB, Dunbar J. Solutions in microbiome engineering: prioritizing barriers to organism establishment. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:331-338. [PMID: 34420034 PMCID: PMC8776856 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01088-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbiome engineering is increasingly being employed as a solution to challenges in health, agriculture, and climate. Often manipulation involves inoculation of new microbes designed to improve function into a preexisting microbial community. Despite, increased efforts in microbiome engineering inoculants frequently fail to establish and/or confer long-lasting modifications on ecosystem function. We posit that one underlying cause of these shortfalls is the failure to consider barriers to organism establishment. This is a key challenge and focus of macroecology research, specifically invasion biology and restoration ecology. We adopt a framework from invasion biology that summarizes establishment barriers in three categories: (1) propagule pressure, (2) environmental filtering, and (3) biotic interactions factors. We suggest that biotic interactions is the most neglected factor in microbiome engineering research, and we recommend a number of actions to accelerate engineering solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stilianos Louca
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Daniel E Winkler
- United States Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, UT, USA
| | - Kelli L Feeser
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Sarah-Jane Haig
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Katrine L Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Joanne B Emerson
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John Dunbar
- Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
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15
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Yang B, Balazs KR, Butterfield BJ, Laushman KM, Munson SM, Gornish ES, Barberán A. Does restoration of plant diversity trigger concomitant soil microbiome changes in dryland ecosystems? J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Yang
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
| | - Kathleen R. Balazs
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Bradley J. Butterfield
- Department of Biological Sciences Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ USA
| | | | - Seth M. Munson
- U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Flagstaff AZ USA
| | - Elise S. Gornish
- University of Arizona School of Natural Resources and the Environment Tucson AZ USA
| | - Albert Barberán
- Department of Environmental Science University of Arizona Tucson AZ USA
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16
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Loureiro N, Souza TP, Nascimento DF, Nascimento MT. Survival, seedlings growth and natural regeneration in areas under ecological restoration in a sandy coastal plain (restinga) of southeastern Brazil. AUSTRAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Loureiro
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 Campos dos Goytacazes 28013‐602Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Trindade Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF) Av. Alberto Lamego 2000 Campos dos Goytacazes 28013‐602Brazil
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17
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Rowe HI, Sprague TA, Ball B, Langenfeld D, Rivera L. Restoring closed trails in the Sonoran Desert: interactions of seed timing, seed source, and ripping. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen I. Rowe
- Parsons Field Institute McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
- School of Earth and Sustainability Northern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86011 U.S.A
| | - Tiffany A. Sprague
- Parsons Field Institute McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
| | - Becky Ball
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Arizona State University at the West Campus 4701 West Thunderbird Road Glendale AZ 85306 U.S.A
| | - Debbie Langenfeld
- Citizen Science Program McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
| | - Lisa Rivera
- Citizen Science Program McDowell Sonoran Conservancy 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100 Scottsdale AZ 85260 U.S.A
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18
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Rader AJ, Chiquoine LP, Weigand JF, Perkins JL, Munson SM, Abella SR. Biotic and abiotic treatments as a bet‐hedging approach to restoring plant communities and soil functions. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J. Rader
- University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Life Sciences Las Vegas NV 89154‐4004 U.S.A
| | - Lindsay P. Chiquoine
- University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Life Sciences Las Vegas NV 89154‐4004 U.S.A
| | - James F. Weigand
- U.S. Bureau of Land Management California State Office 2800 Cottage Way Sacramento CA 95825 U.S.A
| | - Judy L. Perkins
- U.S. Bureau of Land Management California State Office 2800 Cottage Way Sacramento CA 95825 U.S.A
| | - Seth M. Munson
- U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center 2255 North Gemini Drive Flagstaff AZ 86001 U.S.A
| | - Scott R. Abella
- University of Nevada Las Vegas School of Life Sciences Las Vegas NV 89154‐4004 U.S.A
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19
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Young KE, Reed SC, Ferrenberg S, Faist A, Winkler DE, Cort C, Darrouzet-Nardi A. Incorporating Biogeochemistry into Dryland Restoration. Bioscience 2021; 71:907-917. [PMID: 34483747 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dryland degradation is a persistent and accelerating global problem. Although the mechanisms initiating and maintaining dryland degradation are largely understood, returning productivity and function through ecological restoration remains difficult. Water limitation commonly drives slow recovery rates within drylands; however, the altered biogeochemical cycles that accompany degradation also play key roles in limiting restoration outcomes. Addressing biogeochemical changes and resource limitations may help improve restoration efforts within this difficult-to-restore biome. In the present article, we present a synthesis of restoration literature that identifies multiple ways biogeochemical understandings might augment dryland restoration outcomes, including timing restoration around resource cycling and uptake, connecting heterogeneous landscapes, manipulating resource pools, and using organismal functional traits to a restoration advantage. We conclude by suggesting ways to incorporate biogeochemistry into existing restoration frameworks and discuss research directions that may help improve restoration outcomes in the world's highly altered dryland landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States
| | - Sasha C Reed
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, Utah, United States
| | - Scott Ferrenberg
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
| | - Akasha Faist
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States
| | - Daniel E Winkler
- US Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Moab, Utah, United States
| | - Catherine Cort
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States
| | - Anthony Darrouzet-Nardi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States
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20
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Schlaepfer DR, Bradford JB, Lauenroth WK, Shriver RK. Understanding the future of big sagebrush regeneration: challenges of projecting complex ecological processes. Ecosphere 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Schlaepfer
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff Arizona 86001 USA
- Center for Adaptable Western Landscapes Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona 86011 USA
- Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
| | - John B. Bradford
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Flagstaff Arizona 86001 USA
| | - William K. Lauenroth
- Yale School of the Environment Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06511 USA
- Department of Botany University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming 82071 USA
| | - Robert K. Shriver
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada‐Reno Reno Nevada 89557 USA
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21
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Gornish ES, Ganjurjav H, Liang M, Simonis JL, McClaran MP. Identifying restoration opportunities beneath native mesquite canopies. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise S. Gornish
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 U.S.A
| | - Hasbagan Ganjurjav
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China
| | - Maowei Liang
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Science and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | | | - Mitchel P. McClaran
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 U.S.A
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22
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Holl KD, Lesage JC, Adams T, Rusk J, Schreiber RD, Tang M. Vegetative spread is key to applied nucleation success in non‐native‐dominated grasslands. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Holl
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A
| | - Josephine C. Lesage
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A
- Santa Barbara Botanic Garden Santa Barbara CA 93105 U.S.A
| | - Tianjiao Adams
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry University of Houston Houston TX 77204 U.S.A
| | - Jack Rusk
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A
| | - Richard D. Schreiber
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A
| | - Mickie Tang
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Department University of California Santa Cruz CA 95064 U.S.A
- Department of Plant Sciences University of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
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23
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Response of reptiles to weed-control and native plant restoration in an arid, grass-invaded landscape. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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24
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Using native grass seeding and targeted spring grazing to reduce low-level Bromus tectorum invasion on the Colorado Plateau. Biol Invasions 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-020-02397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractReducing invasive species abundance near the leading edge of invasions is important for maintaining diverse, high-functioning ecosystems, but it can be hard to remove invasives present at low levels within desirable plant communities. Focusing on an invasive annual grass, Bromus tectorum, near the edge of its range in the southern Colorado Plateau, we used an observational study to ask what plant community components were associated with lower levels of B. tectorum, and a manipulative experiment to ask if targeted spring grazing or seeding native competitors were effective for reversing low-level invasion. The observational study found that higher C3 perennial grass cover and shrub cover were associated with lower B. tectorum abundance, and adult Poa fendleriana and Pascopyrum smithii plants had the fewest B. tectorum individuals within 50 cm. Our manipulative experiment used a randomized, hierarchical design to test the relative effectiveness of seeding native perennial grasses using different spatial planting arrangements, seeding rates, seed enhancements, and targeted spring grazing. Two years after seeding, seeded species establishment was 36% greater in high seed rate than unseeded plots, and high rate plots also had lower B. tectorum cover. One season after targeted spring grazing (a single, 2-week spring-grazing treatment 17 months post-seeding), grazed paddocks displayed trends towards higher seeded species densities and lower B. tectorum biomass in certain seeding treatments, compared to ungrazed paddocks. Results suggest high rate native grass seedings may be effective and short-duration spring grazing should be further evaluated as potential tools for preventing ecosystem conversion along invasion fronts.
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25
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Shaw JA, Roche LM, Gornish ES. The use of spatially patterned methods for vegetation restoration and management across systems. Restor Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julea A. Shaw
- University of California, One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 U.S.A
| | - Leslie M. Roche
- University of California, One Shields Avenue Davis California 95616 U.S.A
| | - Elise S. Gornish
- University of Arizona, 1064 East Lowell Street Tucson Arizona 85721 U.S.A
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26
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Lucero JE, Seifan M, Callaway RM, Lortie CJ. Positive associations with native shrubs are intense and important for an exotic invader but not the native annual community across an aridity gradient. DIVERS DISTRIB 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob E. Lucero
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Merav Seifan
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research Ben‐Gurion University of the Negev Midreshet Ben‐Gurion Israel
| | - Ragan M. Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences and the Institute on Ecosystems University of Montana Missoula MT USA
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27
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Holl KD, Reid JL, Cole RJ, Oviedo‐Brenes F, Rosales JA, Zahawi RA. Applied nucleation facilitates tropical forest recovery: Lessons learned from a 15‐year study. J Appl Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Holl
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - J. Leighton Reid
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA USA
- Missouri Botanical Garden St. Louis MO USA
| | | | | | - Juan A. Rosales
- Las Cruces Biological Station Organization for Tropical Studies San Vito Costa Rica
| | - Rakan A. Zahawi
- Environmental Studies Department University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
- Las Cruces Biological Station Organization for Tropical Studies San Vito Costa Rica
- Lyon Arboretum University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
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28
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Ricca MA, Coates PS. Integrating Ecosystem Resilience and Resistance Into Decision Support Tools for Multi-Scale Population Management of a Sagebrush Indicator Species. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Antoninka A, Bowker MA, Barger NN, Belnap J, Giraldo‐Silva A, Reed SC, Garcia‐Pichel F, Duniway MC. Addressing barriers to improve biocrust colonization and establishment in dryland restoration. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Antoninka
- School of Forestry Northern Arizona University, 200 E. Pine Knoll Drive Flagstaff AZ 860011 U.S.A
| | - Matthew A. Bowker
- School of Forestry Northern Arizona University, 200 E. Pine Knoll Drive Flagstaff AZ 860011 U.S.A
| | - Nichole N. Barger
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder, Campus Box 334 Boulder CO 80305‐0334 U.S.A
| | - Jayne Belnap
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey, 2290 S. West Resource Blvd. Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
| | - Ana Giraldo‐Silva
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 U.S.A
| | - Sasha C. Reed
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey, 2290 S. West Resource Blvd. Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
| | - Ferran Garcia‐Pichel
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Biodesign Institute Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 U.S.A
| | - Michael C. Duniway
- Southwest Biological Science Center U.S. Geological Survey, 2290 S. West Resource Blvd. Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
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30
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McCormick ML, Aslan CE, Chaudhry TA, Potter KA. Benefits and limitations of isolated floral patches in a pollinator restoration project in Arizona. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Molly L. McCormick
- Landscape Conservation InitiativeNorthern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86005 U.S.A
| | - Clare E. Aslan
- Landscape Conservation InitiativeNorthern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86005 U.S.A
| | | | - Kristen A. Potter
- Landscape Conservation InitiativeNorthern Arizona University Flagstaff AZ 86005 U.S.A
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31
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Bowker MA, Antoninka AJ, Chuckran PF. Improving field success of biocrust rehabilitation materials: hardening the organisms or softening the environment? Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Bowker
- School of Forestry Northern Arizona University 200 E. Pine Knoll Dr., Box 15018, Flagstaff AZ 86011 U.S.A
| | - Anita J. Antoninka
- School of Forestry Northern Arizona University 200 E. Pine Knoll Dr., Box 15018, Flagstaff AZ 86011 U.S.A
| | - Peter F. Chuckran
- School of Forestry Northern Arizona University 200 E. Pine Knoll Dr., Box 15018, Flagstaff AZ 86011 U.S.A
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32
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Pérez DR, González F, Ceballos C, Oneto ME, Aronson J. Direct seeding and outplantings in drylands of Argentinean Patagonia: estimated costs, and prospects for large‐scale restoration and rehabilitation. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Pérez
- Laboratory of Rehabilitation and Ecological Restoration of Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems (LARREA)National University of Comahue 8300 Neuquén Argentina
| | - Florencia González
- Laboratory of Rehabilitation and Ecological Restoration of Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems (LARREA)National University of Comahue 8300 Neuquén Argentina
| | - Cristian Ceballos
- Laboratory of Rehabilitation and Ecological Restoration of Arid and Semiarid Ecosystems (LARREA)National University of Comahue 8300 Neuquén Argentina
| | - María E. Oneto
- YPF Tecnología (YTEC), Av. del Petroleo Argentino 900‐1198 Berisso Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - James Aronson
- Center for Conservation and Sustainable Development, Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd. St Louis MO 63110 U.S.A
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33
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Abstract
Predicting the outcome of species invasion in ecosystems is challenging due to the non-equilibrium nature of the transitions that occur during invasion events. This limits the accuracy of classical ecological models that are typically fit to equilibrium conditions. Here, we address this limitation by solving for the transition dynamics of a cross-feeding community along an analytically tractable manifold defined by the system carrying capacity. We find that continuous changes in invader characteristics and environmental conditions induce discontinuous transitions in the invasion outcomes, resembling phase transitions in physical systems. These sharp transitions are emergent properties of species-resource interactions and relate directly to the extent of overlap in the growth strategy of competing species, with first and second order transitions resulting from complete and partial overlap, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that these phase transitions can be modulated by environmental variations to organize species in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Bray
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
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34
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Davidson BE, Germino MJ, Richardson B, Barnard DM. Landscape and organismal factors affecting sagebrush‐seedling transplant survival after megafire restoration. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bill E. Davidson
- US Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise ID 83706 U.S.A
| | - Matthew J. Germino
- US Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise ID 83706 U.S.A
| | - Bryce Richardson
- Rocky Mountain Research StationUS Forest Service Moscow ID 83844 U.S.A
| | - David M. Barnard
- US Geological SurveyForest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Boise ID 83706 U.S.A
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35
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Porensky LM, Perryman BL, Williamson MA, Madsen MD, Leger EA. Combining active restoration and targeted grazing to establish native plants and reduce fuel loads in invaded ecosystems. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12533-12546. [PMID: 30619563 PMCID: PMC6309004 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many drylands have been converted from perennial-dominated ecosystems to invaded, annual-dominated, fire-prone systems. Innovative approaches are needed to disrupt fire-invasion feedbacks. Targeted grazing can reduce invasive plant abundance and associated flammable fuels, and fuelbreaks can limit fire spread. Restored strips of native plants (native greenstrips) can function as fuelbreaks while also providing forage and habitat benefits. However, methods for establishing native greenstrips in invaded drylands are poorly developed. Moreover, if fuels reduction and greenstrip establishment are to proceed simultaneously, it is critical to understand how targeted grazing interacts with plant establishment. We determined how targeted grazing treatments interacted with seed rate, spatial planting arrangement (mixtures vs. monoculture strips), seed coating technology, and species identity (five native grasses) to affect standing biomass and seeded plant density in experimental greenstrips. We monitored for two growing seasons to document effects during the seedling establishment phase. Across planting treatments, ungrazed paddocks had the highest second-year seeded plant densities and the highest standing biomass. Paddocks grazed in fall of the second growing season had fewer seedlings than paddocks grazed in spring, five months later. High seed rates minimized negative effects of grazing on plant establishment. Among seeded species, Elymus trachycaulus and Poa secunda had the highest second-year densities, but achieved this via different pathways. Elymus trachycaulus produced the most first-year seedlings, but declined in response to grazing, whereas P. secunda had moderate first-year establishment but high survival across grazing treatments. We identified clear tradeoffs between reducing fuel loads and establishing native plants in invaded sagebrush steppe; similar tradeoffs may exist in other invaded drylands. In our system, tradeoffs were minimized by boosting seed rates, using grazing-tolerant species, and delaying grazing. In invaded ecosystems, combining targeted grazing with high-input restoration may create opportunities to limit wildfire risk while also shifting vegetation toward more desirable species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Porensky
- Rangeland Resources and Systems Research UnitUSDA Agricultural Research ServiceFort CollinsColorado
| | - Barry L. Perryman
- Deparment of Agriculture, Nutrition and Veterinary SciencesUniversity of NevadaRenoNevada
| | - Matthew A. Williamson
- Department of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCalifornia
| | - Matthew D. Madsen
- Department of Plant and Wildlife SciencesBrigham Young UniversityProvoUtah
| | - Elizabeth A. Leger
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental ScienceUniversity of NevadaRenoNevada
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36
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Winkler DE, Backer DM, Belnap J, Bradford JB, Butterfield BJ, Copeland SM, Duniway MC, Faist AM, Fick SE, Jensen SL, Kramer AT, Mann R, Massatti RT, McCormick ML, Munson SM, Olwell P, Parr SD, Pfennigwerth AA, Pilmanis AM, Richardson BA, Samuel E, See K, Young KE, Reed SC. Beyond traditional ecological restoration on the Colorado Plateau. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Winkler
- Canyonlands Research Station; Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2290 South West Resource Boulevard, Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
| | - Dana M. Backer
- Grand Staircase Escalante National Monument, Bureau of Land Management; Kanab UT 84741 U.S.A
| | - Jayne Belnap
- Canyonlands Research Station; Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2290 South West Resource Boulevard, Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
| | - John B. Bradford
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff AZ 86001 U.S.A
| | - Bradley J. Butterfield
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 805 South Beaver Street, Flagstaff AZ 86011-6077 U.S.A
| | - Stella M. Copeland
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff AZ 86001 U.S.A
- Merriam-Powell Center for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; 805 South Beaver Street, Flagstaff AZ 86011-6077 U.S.A
| | - Michael C. Duniway
- Canyonlands Research Station; Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2290 South West Resource Boulevard, Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
| | - Akasha M. Faist
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences; New Mexico State University; Las Cruces NM 88003 U.S.A
| | - Stephen E. Fick
- Canyonlands Research Station; Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2290 South West Resource Boulevard, Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
| | - Scott L. Jensen
- Rocky Mountain Research Station; U.S. Forest Service; 735 North 500 East, Provo UT 84606 U.S.A
| | - Andrea T. Kramer
- Chicago Botanic Garden; 1000 Lake Cook Road, Glencoe IL 60022 U.S.A
| | - Rebecca Mann
- Canyonlands Research Station; Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2290 South West Resource Boulevard, Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
| | - Robert T. Massatti
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff AZ 86001 U.S.A
| | - Molly L. McCormick
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff AZ 86001 U.S.A
| | - Seth M. Munson
- Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff AZ 86001 U.S.A
| | - Peggy Olwell
- Bureau of Land Management; 1849 C Street NW, LSB-204, Washington DC 20240 U.S.A
| | - Steve D. Parr
- Upper Colorado Environmental Plant Center; 5538 County Road 4, Meeker CO 81641 U.S.A
| | - Alix A. Pfennigwerth
- Canyonlands Research Station; Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2290 South West Resource Boulevard, Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
| | - Adrienne M. Pilmanis
- Colorado Plateau Native Plant Program; Bureau of Land Management; 440 West 200 South, Salt Lake City UT 84101 U.S.A
| | - Bryce A. Richardson
- Rocky Mountain Research Station; U.S. Forest Service; 735 North 500 East, Provo UT 84606 U.S.A
| | - Ella Samuel
- New Mexico State Office; Bureau of Land Management; 301 Dinosaur Trail, Santa Fe NM 87508 U.S.A
| | - Kathy See
- Western Colorado Landscape Collaborative; Montrose CO 81402 U.S.A
| | - Kristina E. Young
- Canyonlands Research Station; Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2290 South West Resource Boulevard, Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
| | - Sasha C. Reed
- Canyonlands Research Station; Southwest Biological Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey; 2290 South West Resource Boulevard, Moab UT 84532 U.S.A
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Abella SR, Chiquoine LP. The good with the bad: when ecological restoration facilitates native and non-native species. Restor Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott R. Abella
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nevada Las Vegas; Las Vegas NV 89154-4004 U.S.A
| | - Lindsay P. Chiquoine
- School of Life Sciences; University of Nevada Las Vegas; Las Vegas NV 89154-4004 U.S.A
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Matzek V, Gornish ES, Hulvey KB. Emerging approaches to successful ecological restoration: five imperatives to guide innovation. Restor Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Matzek
- Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences; Santa Clara University; Santa Clara CA 95053 U.S.A
| | - Elise S. Gornish
- School of Natural Resources and Environment; University of Arizona; Tucson AZ 85721 U.S.A
| | - Kristin B. Hulvey
- Department of Wildland Resources; Utah State University; Logan UT 84322 U.S.A
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