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Chen F, Liu J, Flight RM, Naughton KJ, Lukyanchuk A, Edgin AR, Song X, Zhang H, Wong K, Moseley HNB, Wang C, Brainson CF. Cellular Origins of EGFR-Driven Lung Cancer Cells Determine Sensitivity to Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101999. [PMID: 34622577 PMCID: PMC8596110 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is one of the major precision medicine treatment options for lung adenocarcinoma. Due to common development of drug resistance to first- and second-generation TKIs, third-generation inhibitors, including osimertinib and rociletinib, have been developed. A model of EGFR-driven lung cancer and a method to develop tumors of distinct epigenetic states through 3D organotypic cultures are described here. It is discovered that activation of the EGFR T790M/L858R mutation in lung epithelial cells can drive lung cancers with alveolar or bronchiolar features, which can originate from alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells or bronchioalveolar stem cells, but not basal cells or club cells of the trachea. It is also demonstrated that these clones are able to retain their epigenetic differences through passaging orthotopically in mice and crucially that they have distinct drug vulnerabilities. This work serves as a blueprint for exploring how epigenetics can be used to stratify patients for precision medicine decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Present address:
Department of Medical OncologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510060P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Liu
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Robert M. Flight
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Kassandra J. Naughton
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Alexsandr Lukyanchuk
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Abigail R. Edgin
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Xiulong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- DNAtrix10355 Science Center Drive, Suite 110San DiegoCA92121USA
| | - Kwok‐Kin Wong
- Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer CenterNYU Langone Medical CenterNew York UniversityNew YorkNY10016USA
| | - Hunter N. B. Moseley
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiochemistryUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
| | - Christine F. Brainson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer BiologyUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
- Markey Cancer CenterUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKY40536USA
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of COVID-19, a Promising Future. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102588. [PMID: 34685567 PMCID: PMC8533906 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells present in virtually all tissues; they have a potent self-renewal capacity and can differentiate into multiple cell types. They also affect the ambient tissue by the paracrine secretion of numerous factors in vivo, including the induction of other stem cells’ differentiation. In vitro, the culture media supernatant is named secretome and contains soluble molecules and extracellular vesicles that retain potent biological function in tissue regeneration. MSCs are considered safe for human treatment; their use does not involve ethical issues, as embryonic stem cells do not require genetic manipulation as induced pluripotent stem cells, and after intravenous injection, they are mainly found in the lugs. Therefore, these cells are currently being tested in various preclinical and clinical trials for several diseases, including COVID-19. Several affected COVID-19 patients develop induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with an uncontrolled inflammatory response. This condition causes extensive damage to the lungs and may leave serious post-COVID-19 sequelae. As the disease may cause systemic alterations, such as thromboembolism and compromised renal and cardiac function, the intravenous injection of MSCs may be a therapeutic alternative against multiple pathological manifestations. In this work, we reviewed the literature about MSCs biology, focusing on their function in pulmonary regeneration and their use in COVID-19 treatment.
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Fanni D, Gerosa C, Loddo C, Castagnola M, Fanos V, Zaffanello M, Faa G. Stem/progenitor cells in fetuses and newborns: overview of immunohistochemical markers. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:22. [PMID: 34219203 PMCID: PMC8255250 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microanatomy of the vast majority of human organs at birth is characterized by marked differences as compared to adult organs, regarding their architecture and the cell types detectable at histology. In preterm neonates, these differences are even more evident, due to the lower level of organ maturation and to ongoing cell differentiation. One of the most remarkable finding in preterm tissues is the presence of huge amounts of stem/progenitor cells in multiple organs, including kidney, brain, heart, adrenals, and lungs. In other organs, such as liver, the completely different burden of cell types in preterm infants is mainly related to the different function of the liver during gestation, mainly focused on hematopoiesis, a function that is taken by bone marrow after birth. Our preliminary studies showed that the antigens expressed by stem/progenitors differ significantly from one organ to the next. Moreover, within each developing human tissue, reactivity for different stem cell markers also changes during gestation, according with the multiple differentiation steps encountered by each progenitor during development. A better knowledge of stem/progenitor cells of preterms will allow neonatologists to boost preterm organ maturation, favoring the differentiation of the multiple cells types that characterize each organ in at term neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fanni
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital San Giovanni Di Dio, via Ospedale, 54, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Phidelphia, USA
| | - C Gerosa
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital San Giovanni Di Dio, via Ospedale, 54, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Phidelphia, USA
| | - C Loddo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Castagnola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Metabolomics, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - V Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Zaffanello
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Piazzale Stefani, 1, I-37126, Verona, Italy.
| | - G Faa
- Division of Pathology, University Hospital San Giovanni Di Dio, via Ospedale, 54, Cagliari, Italy.,Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Phidelphia, USA
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Brouns I, Verckist L, Pintelon I, Timmermans JP, Adriaensen D. Pulmonary Sensory Receptors. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 233:1-65. [PMID: 33950466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65817-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Brouns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium.
| | - Line Verckist
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen (Wilrijk), Belgium
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Functional Exploration of the Pulmonary NEB ME. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2021; 233:31-67. [PMID: 33950469 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-65817-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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6
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Klimczak A. Perspectives on mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and their derivates as potential therapies for lung damage caused by COVID-19. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1013-1022. [PMID: 33033561 PMCID: PMC7524694 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has reached worldwide pandemic proportions, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vary from an asymptomatic disease course to clinical symptoms of acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe pneumonia. The lungs are the primary organ affected by SARS-CoV-2, with a very slow turnover for renewal. SARS-CoV-2 enters the lungs via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors and induces an immune response with the accumulation of immunocompetent cells, causing a cytokine storm, which leads to target organ injury and subsequent dysfunction. To date, there is no effective antiviral therapy for COVID-19 patients, and therapeutic strategies are based on experience treating previously recognized coronaviruses. In search of new treatment modalities of COVID-19, cell-based therapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or their secretome, such as soluble bioactive factors and extracellular vesicles, is considered supportive therapy for critically ill patients. Multipotent MSCs are able to differentiate into different types of cells of mesenchymal origin, including alveolar epithelial cells, lung epithelial cells, and vascular endothelial cells, which are severely damaged in the course of COVID-19 disease. Moreover, MSCs secrete a variety of bioactive factors that can be applied for respiratory tract regeneration in COVID-19 patients thanks to their trophic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-regenerative, and proangiogenic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Klimczak
- Laboratory of Biology of Stem and Neoplastic Cells, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław 53-114, Poland
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7
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Lu Q, El-Hashash AHK. Cell-based therapy for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Investig 2019; 6:22. [PMID: 31559309 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2019.06.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an example of interstitial lung diseases that is characterized by chronic, progressive, and fibrotic lung injuries. During lung fibrosis, normal healthy lung tissues are replaced by remarkably destroyed alveolar architecture and altered extracellular cell matrix. These changes eventually cause severe disruption of the tightly-controlled gas exchange process and reduction of lung compliance that ultimately lead to both respiratory failure and death. In the last decade, progress has been made toward understanding the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, and two novel disease-modifying therapies were approved. However, finding more effective treatments for pulmonary fibrosis is still a challenge, with its incidence continues to increase globally, which is associated with significantly high mortality, morbidity and economical healthcare burden. Different stem cell types have recently emerged as a promising therapy for human diseases, including lung fibrosis, with numerous studies on the identification, characterization, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. A large body of both basic and pre-clinical research on stem cells has been recently translated to patient care worldwide. Herein, we review recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of IPF, and types of cells used in IPF cell-based therapies, including alveolar and mixed lung epithelial cells, different stem cell types (MSCs, ADSCs, IPSCs…etc.), endogenous lung tissue-specific stem cells, and circulating endothelial progenitors (EPCs). We also discuss recent studies on the applications of these cells in IPF therapy and their delivery routes, effective doses for cell therapy, and timing of delivery. Finally, we discuss attractive recent and current clinical trials conducted on cell-based therapy for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- The University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang International campus (UoE-ZJU Institute), Haining, China.,Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Schools of Medicine & Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ahmed H K El-Hashash
- The University of Edinburgh-Zhejiang International campus (UoE-ZJU Institute), Haining, China.,Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Schools of Medicine & Basic Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Verckist L, Pintelon I, Timmermans JP, Brouns I, Adriaensen D. Selective activation and proliferation of a quiescent stem cell population in the neuroepithelial body microenvironment. Respir Res 2018; 19:207. [PMID: 30367659 PMCID: PMC6203996 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0915-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The microenvironment (ME) of neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) harbors densely innervated groups of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells that are covered by Clara-like cells (CLCs) and is believed to be important during development and for adult airway epithelial repair after severe injury. Yet, little is known about its potential stem cell characteristics in healthy postnatal lungs. METHODS Transient mild lung inflammation was induced in mice via a single low-dose intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), collected 16 h after LPS instillation, was used to challenge the NEB ME in ex vivo lung slices of control mice. Proliferating cells in the NEB ME were identified and quantified following simultaneous LPS instillation and BrdU injection. RESULTS The applied LPS protocol induced very mild and transient lung injury. Challenge of lung slices with BALF of LPS-treated mice resulted in selective Ca2+-mediated activation of CLCs in the NEB ME of control mice. Forty-eight hours after LPS challenge, a remarkably selective and significant increase in the number of divided (BrdU-labeled) cells surrounding NEBs was observed in lung sections of LPS-challenged mice. Proliferating cells were identified as CLCs. CONCLUSIONS A highly reproducible and minimally invasive lung inflammation model was validated for inducing selective activation of a quiescent stem cell population in the NEB ME. The model creates new opportunities for unraveling the cellular mechanisms/pathways regulating silencing, activation, proliferation and differentiation of this unique postnatal airway epithelial stem cell population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Line Verckist
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Isabel Pintelon
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Inge Brouns
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Antwerpen, Belgium.
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9
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Cao H, Ouyang H, Grasemann H, Bartlett C, Du K, Duan R, Shi F, Estrada M, Seigel KE, Coates AL, Yeger H, Bear CE, Gonska T, Moraes TJ, Hu J. Transducing Airway Basal Cells with a Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector for Lung Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:643-652. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huibi Cao
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong Ouyang
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claire Bartlett
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kai Du
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rongqi Duan
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fushan Shi
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marvin Estrada
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle E Seigel
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allan L Coates
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Herman Yeger
- Program of Developmental & Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine E Bear
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanja Gonska
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jim Hu
- Program of Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Endale M, Ahlfeld S, Bao E, Chen X, Green J, Bess Z, Weirauch MT, Xu Y, Perl AK. Temporal, spatial, and phenotypical changes of PDGFRα expressing fibroblasts during late lung development. Dev Biol 2017; 425:161-175. [PMID: 28408205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the source and role of epithelial progenitors during lung development; such information is limited for fibroblast populations and their complex role in the developing lung. In this study, we characterized the spatial location, mRNA expression and Immunophenotyping of PDGFRα+ fibroblasts during sacculation and alveolarization. Confocal microscopy identified spatial association of PDGFRα expressing fibroblasts with proximal epithelial cells of the branching bronchioles and the dilating acinar tubules at E16.5; with distal terminal saccules at E18.5; and with alveolar epithelial cells at PN7 and PN28. Immunohistochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin revealed that PDGFRα+ fibroblasts contribute to proximal peribronchiolar smooth muscle at E16.5 and to transient distal alveolar myofibroblasts at PN7. Time series RNA-Seq analyses of PDGFRα+ fibroblasts identified differentially expressed genes that, based on gene expression similarity were clustered into 7 major gene expression profile patterns. The presence of myofibroblast and smooth muscle precursors at E16.5 and PN7 was reflected by a two-peak gene expression profile on these days and gene ontology enrichment in muscle contraction. Additional molecular and functional differences between peribronchiolar smooth muscle cells at E16.5 and transient intraseptal myofibroblasts at PN7 were suggested by a single peak in gene expression at PN7 with functional enrichment in cell projection and muscle cell differentiation. Immunophenotyping of subsets of PDGFRα+ fibroblasts by flow cytometry confirmed the predicted increase in proliferation at E16.5 and PN7, and identified subsets of CD29+ myofibroblasts and CD34+ lipofibroblasts. These data can be further mined to develop novel hypotheses and valuable understanding of the molecular and cellular basis of alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehari Endale
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Shawn Ahlfeld
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Erik Bao
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | | | - Jenna Green
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Zach Bess
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Matthew T Weirauch
- Center of Autoimmune Genomics and Ethology, USA; Divisions of Biomedical Informatics and Developmental Biology, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Anne Karina Perl
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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Green J, Endale M, Auer H, Perl AKT. Diversity of Interstitial Lung Fibroblasts Is Regulated by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α Kinase Activity. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:532-45. [PMID: 26414960 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0095oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal cell interactions and factors that control normal lung development are key players in lung injury, repair, and fibrosis. A number of studies have investigated the roles and sources of epithelial progenitors during lung regeneration; such information, however, is limited in lung fibroblasts. Thus, understanding the origin, phenotype, and roles of fibroblast progenitors in lung development, repair, and regeneration helps address these limitations. Using a combination of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-green fluorescent protein (PDGFRα-GFP) reporter mice, microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence, we characterized two distinct interstitial resident fibroblasts, myo- and matrix fibroblasts, and identified a role for PDGFRα kinase activity in regulating their activation during lung regeneration. Transcriptional profiling of the two populations revealed a myo- and matrix fibroblast gene signature. Differences in proliferation, smooth muscle actin induction, and lipid content in the two subpopulations of PDGFRα-expressing fibroblasts during alveolar regeneration were observed. Although CD140α(+)CD29(+) cells behaved as myofibroblasts, CD140α(+)CD34(+) appeared as matrix and/or lipofibroblasts. Gain or loss of PDGFRα kinase activity using the inhibitor nilotinib and a dominant-active PDGFRα-D842V mutation revealed that PDGFRα was important for matrix fibroblast differentiation. We demonstrated that PDGFRα signaling promotes alveolar septation by regulating fibroblast activation and matrix fibroblast differentiation, whereas myofibroblast differentiation was largely PDGFRα independent. These studies provide evidence for the phenotypic and functional diversity as well as the extent of specificity of interstitial resident fibroblasts differentiation during regeneration after partial pneumonectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Green
- 1 Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Mehari Endale
- 1 Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Herbert Auer
- 2 Functional GenOmics Consulting, Palleja, Spain
| | - Anne-Karina T Perl
- 1 Perinatal Institute, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
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12
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Bertoncello I. Properties of Adult Lung Stem and Progenitor Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2582-9. [PMID: 27062064 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The last decade has seen significant progress in understanding the organisation of regenerative cells in the adult lung. Cell-lineage tracing and in vitro clonogenic assays have enabled the identification and characterisation of endogenous lung epithelial stem and progenitor cells. Selective lung injury models, and genetically engineered mice have revealed highly conserved gene networks, factors, signalling pathways, and cellular interactions important in maintaining lung homeostasis and regulating lung regeneration and repair following injury. This review describes the current models of lung epithelial stem and progenitor cell organisation in adult mice, and the impediments encountered in translational studies aiming to identify and characterise their human homologs. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2582-2589, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Bertoncello
- Lung Health Research Centre, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Tissue-Specific Progenitor Cells: Their Role in Tissue Homeostasis. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2016:4285215. [PMID: 26823669 PMCID: PMC4707334 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4285215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) reside in many human organs and comprise heterogeneous population of cells with self-renewal ability. These cells can be isolated from different tissues, and their morphology, immunophenotype, and differentiation potential are dependent on their tissue of origin. Each organ contains specific population of stromal cells which maintain regeneration process of the tissue where they reside, but some of them have much more wide plasticity and differentiate into multiple cells lineage. MSCs isolated from adult human tissues are ideal candidates for tissue regeneration and tissue engineering. However, MSCs do not only contribute to structurally tissue repair but also MSC possess strong immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties and may influence in tissue repair by modulation of local environment. This paper is presenting an overview of the current knowledge of biology of tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal and progenitor cells (originated from bone marrow, liver, skeletal muscle, skin, heart, and lung) associated with tissue regeneration and tissue homeostasis.
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Ghadiri M, Young PM, Traini D. Cell-based therapies for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 16:375-87. [PMID: 26593230 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2016.1124085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the last few decades, cell-based therapies have shown great potential to treat patients with lung diseases. It has been proposed that the administration of cells into an injured lung could be considered as a therapeutic method to repair and replace lost lung tissue. Using this method, transplanted cells with the ability to proliferate and differentiate into alveolar cells, have been suggested as a therapeutic strategy for IPF treatment. AREAS COVERED In this review, the latest investigations using various types of cells for IPF therapy have been presented. The cells studied for cell-based therapies in IPF are lung alveolar epithelial cells, lung resident stem cells and exogenous adult stem cells such as MSCs. EXPERT OPINION After many years of investigation, the use of cell-based therapies to treat IPF is still at the experimental phase. Problems include bioethical issues, safety of cell transplantation, routes of delivery and the dose and timing of administration. Further investigations are necessary to establish the best strategy for using cell-based therapies effectively for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Ghadiri
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Paul M Young
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- a Respiratory Technology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research and Discipline of Pharmacology , Sydney Medical School , Sydney , NSW , Australia
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15
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Syndecan 4 Mediates Nrf2-dependent Expansion of Bronchiolar Progenitors That Protect Against Lung Inflammation. Mol Ther 2015; 24:41-52. [PMID: 26307669 PMCID: PMC4754542 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of lung progenitors for regenerative medicine appears promising, but their biology is not fully understood. Here, we found anti-inflammatory attributes in bronchiolar progenitors that were sorted as a multipotent subset of mouse club cells and found to express secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI). Notably, the impaired expression of SLPI in mice increased the number of bronchiolar progenitors and decreased the lung inflammation. We determined a transcriptional profile for the bronchiolar progenitors of Slpi-deficient mice and identified syndecan 4, whose expression was markedly elevated as compared to that of wild-type mice. Systemic administration of recombinant syndecan 4 protein caused a substantial increase in the number of bronchiolar progenitors with concomitant attenuation of both airway and alveolar inflammation. The syndecan 4 administration also resulted in activation of the Keap1-Nrf2 antioxidant pathway in lung cells, which is critically involved in the therapeutic responses to the syndecan 4 treatment. Moreover, in 3D culture, the presence of syndecan 4 induced differentiated club cells to undergo Nrf2-dependent transition into bronchiolar progenitors. Our observations reveal that differentiative switches between bronchiolar progenitors and club cells are under the Nrf2-mediated control of SLPI and syndecan 4, suggesting the possibility of new therapeutic approaches in inflammatory lung diseases.
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16
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Lynch TJ, Engelhardt JF. Progenitor cells in proximal airway epithelial development and regeneration. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1637-45. [PMID: 24818588 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple distinct epithelial domains are found throughout the airway that are distinguishable by location, structure, function, and cell-type composition. Several progenitor cell populations in the proximal airway have been identified to reside in confined microenvironmental niches including the submucosal glands (SMGs), which are embedded in the tracheal connective tissue between the surface epithelium and cartilage, and basal cells that reside within the surface airway epithelium (SAE). Current research suggests that regulatory pathways that coordinate development of the proximal airway and establishment of progenitor cell niches may overlap with pathways that control progenitor cell responses during airway regeneration following injury. SMGs have been shown to harbor epithelial progenitor cells, and this niche is dysregulated in diseases such as cystic fibrosis. However, mechanisms that regulate progenitor cell proliferation and maintenance within this glandular niche are not completely understood. Here we discuss glandular progenitor cells during development and regeneration of the proximal airway and compare properties of glandular progenitors to those of basal cell progenitors in the SAE. Further investigation into glandular progenitor cell control will provide a direction for interrogating therapeutic interventions to correct aberrant conditions affecting the SMGs in diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic bronchitis, and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Lynch
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, 52242
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17
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Diversity of epithelial stem cell types in adult lung. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:728307. [PMID: 25810726 PMCID: PMC4354973 DOI: 10.1155/2015/728307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung is a complex organ lined with epithelial cells. In order to maintain its homeostasis and normal functions following injuries caused by varied extraneous and intraneous insults, such as inhaled environmental pollutants and overwhelming inflammatory responses, the respiratory epithelium normally undergoes regenerations by the proliferation and differentiation of region-specific epithelial stem/progenitor cells that resided in distinct niches along the airway tree. The importance of local epithelial stem cell niches in the specification of lung stem/progenitor cells has been recently identified. Studies using cell differentiating and lineage tracing assays, in vitro and/or ex vivo models, and genetically engineered mice have suggested that these local epithelial stem/progenitor cells within spatially distinct regions along the pulmonary tree contribute to the injury repair of epithelium adjacent to their respective niches. This paper reviews recent findings in the identification and isolation of region-specific epithelial stem/progenitor cells and local niches along the airway tree and the potential link of epithelial stem cells for the development of lung cancer.
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18
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Moodley Y, Thompson P. Reflection of stem cell therapy: an epilogue to the 'Stem cells and the lung' review series. Respirology 2014; 19:5-8. [PMID: 24372632 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuben Moodley
- Lung Institute of Western Australia, Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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19
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Chernaya O, Shinin V, Liu Y, Minshall RD. Behavioral heterogeneity of adult mouse lung epithelial progenitor cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2744-57. [PMID: 24950291 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence and identity of multipotent stem cells in the adult lung is currently highly debated. At present, it remains unclear whether candidate stem/progenitor cells are located in the airways, alveoli, or throughout the epithelial lining of the lung. Here, we introduce a method of airway microdissection, which enabled us to study the progenitor behavior of pulmonary epithelial cells in region-specific contexts. The progenitor characteristics of epithelial cells isolated from the trachea, proximal and distal airways, and lung parenchyme were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. We identified a population of airway-derived basal-like epithelial cells with the potential to self-renew and differentiate into airway and alveolar lineages in culture and in vivo after subcutaneous transplantation. The multipotent candidate progenitors originated from a minor fraction of the airway epithelial cell population characterized by high expression of α6 integrin. Results of the current study provide new insights into the regenerative potential of region-specific integrin α6-positive pulmonary epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Chernaya
- 1 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois
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20
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Ko FWS, Lim TK, Hancox RJ, Yang IA. Year in review 2013: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and airway biology. Respirology 2014; 19:438-47. [PMID: 24708033 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanny W S Ko
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Leeman KT, Fillmore CM, Kim CF. Lung stem and progenitor cells in tissue homeostasis and disease. Curr Top Dev Biol 2014; 107:207-233. [PMID: 24439808 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416022-4.00008-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian lung is a complex organ containing numerous putative stem/progenitor cell populations that contribute to region-specific tissue homeostasis and repair. In this review, we discuss recent advances in identifying and studying these cell populations in the context of lung homeostasis and disease. Genetically engineered mice now allow for lineage tracing of several lung stem and progenitor cell populations in vivo during different types of lung injury repair. Using specific sets of cell surface markers, these cells can also be isolated from murine and human lung and tested in 3D culture systems and in vivo transplant assays. The pathology of devastating lung diseases, including lung cancers, is likely in part due to dysregulation and dysfunction of lung stem cells. More precise characterization of stem cells with identification of new, unique markers; improvement in isolation and transplant techniques; and further development of functional assays will ultimately lead to new therapies for a host of human lung diseases. In particular, lung cancer biology may be greatly informed by findings in normal lung stem cell biology as evidence suggests that lung cancer is a disease that begins in, and may be driven by, neoplastic lung stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen T Leeman
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christine M Fillmore
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,The Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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