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Wei J, Ji J, Li YN. The synergy effect of multi-country policy actions announced in reaction to global risk: A network structure perspective. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024. [PMID: 38590007 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The policy actions of countries reflect adaptive responses of local components within the system to the dynamic global risk landscape. These responses can generate interactions and synergy effects on alleviating the evolution of global risks. Adopting a network perspective, the study proposes a theoretical framework that connects three structural characteristics of policy synergy, namely, synergy scale, alignment intensity, and timing synchronization. Focusing on the Covid-19 pandemic as a typical global risk context, the study finds that policy synergy with a larger scale, stronger alignment intensity, and more synchronized timing has a positive impact on mitigating global risks. The effect of alignment intensity is particularly pronounced when polycentric governance involves 20 countries facing severe risks, whereas the effect of timing synchronization is more significant when the multicenter group comprises more countries. Building upon the concept of an efficient scale of polycentric governance in various dimensions, this study develops a policy synergy index model. Through multiple empirical analyses, this study validates the causal relationship between policy synergy and the future evolution of global pandemic risk. Policymakers can leverage the dynamic changes in the policy synergy to predict future risk situations and implement well-rounded and appropriate policy actions, thereby enhancing the efficacy of the synergy effect of multi-country policy actions for risk governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuchang Wei
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Ji
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Na Li
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, P. R. China
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Chen X, Dong Y, Hunt K, Zhuang J. Counterterrorism resource allocation during a pandemic: The effects of dynamic target valuations when facing a strategic terrorist. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:1235-1253. [PMID: 35840122 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of pandemics such as COVID-19 can result in cascading effects for global systemic risk. To combat an ongoing pandemic, governmental resources are largely allocated toward supporting the health of the public and economy. This shift in attention can lead to security vulnerabilities which are exploited by terrorists. In view of this, counterterrorism during a pandemic is of critical interest to the safety and well-being of the global society. Most notably, the population flows among potential targets are likely to change in conjunction with the trend of the health crisis, which leads to fluctuations in target valuations. In this situation, a new challenge for the defender is to optimally allocate his/her resources among targets that have changing valuations, where his/her intention is to minimize the expected losses from potential terrorist attacks. In order to deal with this challenge, in this paper, we first develop a defender-attacker game in sequential form, where the target valuations can change as a result of the pandemic. Then we analyze the effects of a pandemic on counterterrorism resource allocation from the perspective of dynamic target valuations. Finally, we provide some examples to display the theoretical results, and present a case study to illustrate the usability of our proposed model during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Center for Network Big Data and Decision-Making, Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yucheng Dong
- Center for Network Big Data and Decision-Making, Business School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kyle Hunt
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jun Zhuang
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Wu D, Mitchell J, Lambert JH. Global systemic risk and resilience for novel coronavirus with evolving perspectives. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2023; 43:5-7. [PMID: 36792528 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jade Mitchell
- Department of Biosystems Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - James H Lambert
- Department of Systems & Information Engineering, and Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Ehsani B, Karimi H, Bakhshi A, Aghsami A, Rabbani M. Designing humanitarian logistics network for managing epidemic outbreaks in disasters using Internet-of-Things. A case study: An earthquake in Salas-e-Babajani city. COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 2023; 175:108821. [PMID: 36506844 PMCID: PMC9720066 DOI: 10.1016/j.cie.2022.108821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Along with the destructive effects of catastrophes throughout the world, the COVID-19 outbreak has intensified the severity of disasters. Although the global aid organizations and philanthropists aim to alleviate the adverse impacts, many employed actions are not impactful in dealing with the epidemic outbreak in disasters. However, there is a gap in controlling the epidemic outbreak in the aftermath of disasters. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel humanitarian location-allocation-inventory model by focusing on preventing COVID-19 outbreaks with IoT-based technology in the response phase of disasters. In this study, IoT-based systems enable aid and health-related organizations to monitor people remotely, suspect detection, surveillance, disinfection, and transportation of relief items. The presented model consists of two stages; the first is defining infected cases, transferring patients to temporary hospitals promptly, and accommodating people in evacuation centers. Next, distribution centers are located in the second stage, and relief items are transferred to temporary hospitals and evacuation centers equally regarding shortage minimization. The model is solved by the LP-metric method and applied in a real case study in Salas-e-Babajani city, Kermanshah province. Then, sensitivity analysis on significant model parameters pertaining to the virus, relief items, and capacity has been conducted. Using an IoT-based system in affected areas and evacuation centers reduces the number of infected cases and relief item's shortages. Finally, several managerial insights are obtained from sensitivity analyses provided for healthcare managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdad Ehsani
- School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Karimi
- School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bakhshi
- School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Aghsami
- School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- School of Industrial Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Rabbani
- School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Wu D, Olson DL, Lambert JH. Data analytics and decision-making systems: Implications of the global outbreaks. DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 2022; 161:113847. [PMID: 35971408 PMCID: PMC9367172 DOI: 10.1016/j.dss.2022.113847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Wu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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Wu DD, Mitchell J, Lambert JH. Global systemic risk and resilience for novel coronavirus in postpandemic era. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 42:1-4. [PMID: 35152452 PMCID: PMC9115504 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic has evolved and is posing diverse challenges for the world. Countermeasures for risks are needed to address both direct and indirect effects of disease on the healthcare system, economic and industrial sectors, governance, environment, transportation, energy, and communication systems. There are indicators of a forthcoming postpandemic era. The rethinking and reevaluation of policies adopted throughout the pandemic are ongoing to address cascading threats of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. The first Special Issue introduced the topic. This second Special Issue describes international collaboration and innovation for pandemic risk and resilience, with a focus on future policy and operations of global systems toward a postandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Dash Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo. 80 ZhongguancunBeijing10010China
| | - Jade Mitchell
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural EngineeringMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing, United States48824USA
| | - James H. Lambert
- Department of Engineering Systems and EnvironmentUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
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Thappy S, Thalappil SR, Abbarh S, Al-Mashdali A, Akhtar M, Alkadi MM. Minimal change disease following the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine: first case report. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:376. [PMID: 34763669 PMCID: PMC8581957 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been cases of minimal change disease (MCD) reported following previous vaccines. During the COVID-19 era, only 3 cases of new-onset MCD and a case of MCD relapse were reported following the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. We herein report the first case of MCD after receiving the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. CASE PRESENTATION A 43-year-old man presented to hospital 3 weeks after receiving the first dose of the Moderna vaccine, with both bilateral lower extremities and scrotal edema. He initially developed a sudden-onset bilateral lower extremities swelling on day 7 post-vaccine. He, then, developed dyspnea and scrotal swelling over a time span of 2 weeks. On physical examination, his blood pressure was 150/92 mmHg. There was a decreased air entry at lung bases, bilateral lower extremities and scrotal edema. Labs revealed hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia and 15 g of proteinuria. His immunologic and serologic work up was negative. Renal biopsy showed concomitant MCD and IgA nephropathy. Patient was treated with oral steroids and had a good response; his edema resolved, serum albumin improved, and proteinuria decreased to 1 g within 2 weeks of treatment. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, MCD has not been previously reported after receiving the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. It remains unclear whether the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are associated with the development of MCD, or it coincided with the mass vaccination. Further studies are needed to determine the incidence of MCD post COVID-19 vaccines and the underlying pathophysiology of glomerular injury post vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaefiq Thappy
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sherin R Thalappil
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahem Abbarh
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mohammed Akhtar
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamad M Alkadi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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