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Eckert F, Meyer N, Monzel E, Bouvret E, Chataigner M, Hellhammer J. Efficacy of a fish hydrolysate supplement on sleep quality: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 60:48-58. [PMID: 38479939 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sleep disturbances are widespread in modern societies and linked to a variety of diseases, creating an urgent need for the development of products that help combat sleep difficulties. One suitable nutritional supplement may be a fish hydrolysate composed of low molecular weight peptides. METHODS This two-arm, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study investigated the effect of a 4-week fish hydrolysate intervention on sleep in a healthy German population reporting poor sleep quality, assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Further sleep parameters were measured using an online diary and a wrist wearable device. Additionally, questionnaires related to stress, anxiety, depression, and well-being were evaluated and salivary cortisol and product satisfaction were assessed. RESULTS The 4-week fish hydrolysate supplementation significantly improved subjective sleep quality measured with the PSQI-score (p = .002). Moreover, individuals reported improvements in sleep efficacy and a reduction in sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness during fish hydrolysate intake (p = .013, p = .046, p = .004 respectively), but not during placebo phase (all p > .05). No significant intra-individual differences were found between fish hydrolysate and placebo supplementation (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Although no significant intra-individual differences were found between fish hydrolysate and placebo supplementation, the significant improvement in subjective sleep quality from baseline to treatment phase suggests that fish hydrolysate is a safe nutritional supplement to support individuals with self-reported sleep problems. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with the Identifier NCT04983355.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Eckert
- Contract Research Institute daacro, Max-Planck-Straße 22, 54296 Trier, Germany.
| | - Nadin Meyer
- Contract Research Institute daacro, Max-Planck-Straße 22, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Elena Monzel
- Contract Research Institute daacro, Max-Planck-Straße 22, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Elodie Bouvret
- Abyss Ingredients, 860 Route de Caudan, 56850 Caudan, France
| | | | - Juliane Hellhammer
- Contract Research Institute daacro, Max-Planck-Straße 22, 54296 Trier, Germany
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Ji W, Shi L, Lin X, Shen Z, Chen Q, Song D, Huang P, Zhao Z, Fan J, Hu Y, Xie M, Yang J, Chen X. The relationship between sleep quality and daytime dysfunction among college students in China during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1253834. [PMID: 38026404 PMCID: PMC10667466 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1253834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective College Students' sleep quality and daytime dysfunction have become worse since the COVID-19 outbreak, the purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between sleep quality and daytime dysfunction among college students during the COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) period. Methods This research adopts the form of cluster random sampling of online questionnaires. From April 5 to 16 in 2022, questionnaires are distributed to college students in various universities in Fujian Province, China and the general information questionnaire and PSQI scale are used for investigation. SPSS26.0 was used to conduct an independent sample t-test and variance analysis on the data, multi-factorial analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis. The main outcome variables are the score of subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction. Results During the COVID-19 period, the average PSQI score of the tested college students was 6.17 ± 3.263, and the sleep disorder rate was 29.6%, the daytime dysfunction rate was 85%. Being female, study liberal art/science/ engineering, irritable (due to limited outdoor), prolong electronic entertainment time were associated with low sleep quality (p < 0.001), and the occurrence of daytime dysfunction was higher than other groups (p < 0.001). Logistics regression analysis showed that sleep quality and daytime dysfunction were associated with gender, profession, irritable (due to limited outdoor), and prolonged electronic entertainment time (p < 0.001). Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, the sleep quality of college students was affected, and different degrees of daytime dysfunction have appeared, both are in worse condition than before the COVID-19 outbreak. Sleep quality may was inversely associated with daytime dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- The Second Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Liyong Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xinjun Lin
- The Second Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Shen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinjiang City Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Qingquan Chen
- The School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Duanhong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Pengxiang Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhihuang Zhao
- The Second Clinical College of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jimin Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yiming Hu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mianmian Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jiaohong Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Bani Issa W, Hijazi H, Radwan H, Saqan R, Al-Sharman A, Samsudin ABR, Fakhry R, Al-Yateem N, Rossiter RC, Ibrahim A, Moustafa I, Naja F, Alameddine M, Abbas N, Abdelrahim DN, Al-Shujairi A, Awad M. Evaluation of the effectiveness of sleep hygiene education and FITBIT devices on quality of sleep and psychological worry: a pilot quasi-experimental study among first-year college students. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1182758. [PMID: 37680271 PMCID: PMC10482237 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1182758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background College students report disturbed sleep patterns that can negatively impact their wellbeing and academic performance. Objectives This study examined the effect of a 4-week sleep hygiene program that included sleep education and actigraph sleep trackers (FITBITs) on improving sleep quality and reducing psychological worry without control group. Design settings and participants A pilot quasi-experimental design, participants were randomly selected medical and health sciences from a university students in the United-Arab-Emirates. Methods Students were asked to wear FITBITs and log their daily sleep data and completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Extensive sleep hygiene education was delivered via lectures, a WhatsApp group, and the Blackboard platform. In total, 50 students completed pre-and post-assessments and returned FITBIT data. Results There was a significant difference in the prevalence of good sleep postintervention compared with pre-intervention (46% vs. 28%; p = 0.0126). The mean PSQI score was significantly lower post-intervention compared with pre-intervention (6.17 ± 3.16 vs. 7.12.87; p = 0.04, Cohen's d 0.33). After the intervention, subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, and daytime dysfunction were significantly improved compared with pre-intervention (p < 0.05). In addition, FITBIT data showed total sleep time and the number of restless episodes per night were significantly improved postintervention compared with pre-intervention (p = 0.013). The mean PSWQ score significantly decreased from pre-intervention to p = 0.049, Cohen' d = 0.25. The correlation between PSQI and PSWQ scores was significant post-intervention (β = 0.40, p = 0.02). Conclusion Our results may inform university educational policy and curricular reform to incorporate sleep hygiene awareness programs to empower students and improve their sleep habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wegdan Bani Issa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Heba Hijazi
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hadia Radwan
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roba Saqan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alham Al-Sharman
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - A. B. Rani Samsudin
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Randa Fakhry
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabeel Al-Yateem
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachel C. Rossiter
- School of Nursing, Paramedicine and Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Ibrahim
- College of Business and Economics, United Arab Emirates University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ibrahim Moustafa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farah Naja
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad Alameddine
- College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nada Abbas
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana N. Abdelrahim
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Manal Awad
- University Dental Hospital Sharjah, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Chen J, Tuersun Y, Yang J, Xiong M, Wang Y, Rao X, Jiang S. Association of depression symptoms and sleep quality with state-trait anxiety in medical university students in Anhui Province, China: a mediation analysis. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:627. [PMID: 35982434 PMCID: PMC9388213 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression symptoms among medical students is particularly high, and it has increased during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sleep quality and state-trait anxiety are risk factors for depression, but no study has yet investigated the mediating role of state-trait anxiety in the relationship between poor sleep quality and depression symptoms in medical students. This study aims to investigate the relationship among depression symptoms, sleep quality and state-trait anxiety in medical university students in Anhui Province. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of 1227 students' online questionnaires collected from four medical universities in Anhui Province using a convenience sampling method. We measured respondents' sleep quality, state-trait anxiety, and depression symptoms using three scales: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). We analysed the mediating role of STAI scores on the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores through the Sobel-Goodman Mediation Test while controlling for covariates. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 74.33% (912) and 41.40% (518) of the respondents reported suffering from poor sleep quality and depression symptoms. Sleep quality, state-trait anxiety, and depression symptoms were positively associated with each other (β = 0.381 ~ 0.775, P < 0.001). State-trait anxiety partially mediated the association between sleep quality and depression symptoms (Sobel test Z = 15.090, P < 0.001), and this mediating variable accounted for 83.79% of the association when adjusting for potential confounders. Subgroup analysis further revealed that STAI scores partially mediated the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores in females and rural students and fully mediated the association between PSQI scores and SDS scores in males and urban students. CONCLUSIONS This study found that sleep quality and state-trait anxiety have a significant predictive effect on depression symptoms. State-trait anxiety mediated the relationship between sleep quality and depression symptoms, with a more complex mechanism observed among rural and female medical students. Multiple pathways of intervention should be adopted, such as encouraging students to self-adjust, providing professional psychological intervention and timely monitoring, enriching extracurricular activities, and making changes in policies regarding long shifts and working hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyun Chen
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jiao Yang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Man Xiong
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueying Wang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Rao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
- Institute for Hospital Management of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China.
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Zhou J, Qu J, Ji S, Bu Y, Hu Y, Sun H, Xue M, Zhou T, Qu J, Liu Y. Research trends in college students' sleep from 2012 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1005459. [PMID: 36203831 PMCID: PMC9530190 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1005459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A great proportion of college students experience various sleep problems, which damage their health and study performance. College students' sleep problems, which are caused by several factors, have been easily ignored before. In the past decade, more research has been published to expand our understanding of undergraduates' sleep. The purpose of the study is to explore the research hotspots and frontiers regarding college students' sleep using CiteSpace5.8.R3 and offer guidance for future study. METHODS We retrieved relevant literature from the Web of Science Core Collection Database and imputed the downloaded files into CiteSpace5.8.R3 for visualization analysis. We generated network maps of the collaborations between authors, countries, institutions, the cited journals, and co-occurrence keywords. The analysis of keywords clusters, timeline views, and keywords citation bursts help us identify the hotspots and research trends. RESULTS A total of 1,841 articles related to college students' sleep, published from 2012 to 2021, were selected. The number of publications gradually increased. Karl Peltzer was the most prolific authors with 15 publications. The United States and Harvard University separately contributed 680 and 40 articles and had the greatest impact in this field. SLEEP ranked first in the frequency of cited journals. The article published by Lund HG was the most influential publication. Based on the analysis of keywords, we summarized research hotspots as follows: current status, affecting factors, and adverse outcomes of college students' sleep. The frontiers were the further understanding of the relationships between sleep and mental and physical health, and various interventions for sleep disorders. CONCLUSION Our study illustrates the research hotspots and trends and calls for more research to expand the findings. In the future, the cooperation between institutions and authors needs to be strengthened. The complex relationships between sleep and mental and physical health and problematic substance use disorders are necessary to be explored. Longitudinal studies or randomized controlled trials should be constructed to verify the current findings or assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Zhou
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junchao Qu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Ji
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Bu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yicheng Hu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Huiping Sun
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mengxin Xue
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiling Qu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yongbing Liu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Saruhanjan K, Zarski AC, Bauer T, Baumeister H, Cuijpers P, Spiegelhalder K, Auerbach RP, Kessler RC, Bruffaerts R, Karyotaki E, Berking M, Ebert DD. Psychological interventions to improve sleep in college students: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Sleep Res 2020; 30:e13097. [PMID: 32672865 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances and insomnia are common in college students, and reduce their quality of life and academic performance. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of psychological interventions aimed at improving sleep in college students. A meta-analysis was conducted with 10 randomized controlled trials with passive control conditions (N = 2,408). The overall mean effect size (Hedges' g) of all sleep-related outcomes within each trial was moderate to large (g = 0.61; 95% confidence interval: 0.41-0.81; numbers-needed-to-treat = 3). Effect sizes for global measures of sleep disturbances were g = 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.52-1.06; and for sleep-onset latency g = 0.65; 95% confidence interval: 0.36-0.94. The follow-up analyses revealed an effect size of g = 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.66 for the combined sleep-related outcomes based on three studies. No significant covariates were identified. These results should be interpreted cautiously due to an overall substantial risk of bias, and in particular with regard to blinding of participants and personnel. Nevertheless, they provide evidence that psychological interventions for improving sleep are efficacious among college students. Further research should explore long-term effects and potential moderators of treatment efficacy in college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Saruhanjan
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Carlotta Zarski
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bauer
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Pim Cuijpers
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ronny Bruffaerts
- Center for Public Health Psychiatry, Universitair Psychiatrisch Centrum, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eirini Karyotaki
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Berking
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive and behavioral interventions to improve sleep health in adults without sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 40:160-169. [PMID: 29397329 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Many adults without a diagnosed sleep disorder report poor sleep health, which is defined by dissatisfactory levels of sleep duration, sleep quality, or the timing of sleep. No previous review has summarized and described interventions targeting poor sleep health in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the efficacy of behavioral and cognitive sleep interventions in adults with poor sleep health, who do not have a sleep disorder. Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Cinahl) were searched with restrictions for age (18-64 y) and English language full-text, resulting in 18,009 records being screened and 592 full-texts being assessed. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria, seven of which reported a measure of overall sleep health (Pittsburgh sleep quality index [PSQI]). Following appraisal for risk of bias, extracted data were meta-analyzed using random-effects models. Meta-analyses showed interventions had a medium effect on sleep quality (Hedge's g = -0.54, [95% confidence interval (CI)] -0.90 to -0.19, p < 0.01). Baseline sleep health was the only significant effect moderator (p = 0.01). The most frequently used intervention components were stress management and relaxation practice, stimulus control, sleep hygiene, and exercise. Interventions targeting cognitive and behavioral self-regulation improve sleep quality in adults without clinical sleep disorder.
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Dietrich SK, Francis-Jimenez CM, Knibbs MD, Umali IL, Truglio-Londrigan M. Effectiveness of sleep education programs to improve sleep hygiene and/or sleep quality in college students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 14:108-134. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2016-003088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Milojevich HM, Lukowski AF. Sleep and Mental Health in Undergraduate Students with Generally Healthy Sleep Habits. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156372. [PMID: 27280714 PMCID: PMC4900547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas previous research has indicated that sleep problems tend to co-occur with increased mental health issues in university students, relatively little is known about relations between sleep quality and mental health in university students with generally healthy sleep habits. Understanding relations between sleep and mental health in individuals with generally healthy sleep habits is important because (a) student sleep habits tend to worsen over time and (b) even time-limited experience of sleep problems may have significant implications for the onset of mental health problems. In the present research, 69 university students with generally healthy sleep habits completed questionnaires about sleep quality and mental health. Although participants did not report clinically concerning mental health issues as a group, global sleep quality was associated with mental health. Regression analyses revealed that nighttime sleep duration and the frequency of nighttime sleep disruptions were differentially related to total problems and clinically-relevant symptoms of psychological distress. These results indicate that understanding relations between sleep and mental health in university students with generally healthy sleep habits is important not only due to the large number of undergraduates who experience sleep problems and mental health issues over time but also due to the potential to intervene and improve mental health outcomes before they become clinically concerning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M Milojevich
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Angela F Lukowski
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
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Dietrich SK, Francis-Jimenez CM, Knibbs MD, Umali IL, Truglio-Londrigan M. The effectiveness of sleep education programs in improving sleep hygiene knowledge, sleep behavior practices and/or sleep quality of college students: a systematic review protocol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.11124/01938924-201513090-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a common sleep disorder in modern society. It causes reduced quality of life and is associated with impairments in physical and mental health. Listening to music is widely used as a sleep aid, but it remains unclear if it can actually improve insomnia in adults. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of listening to music on insomnia in adults and to assess the influence of specific variables that may moderate the effect. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, nine other databases and two trials registers in May 2015. In addition, we handsearched specific music therapy journals, reference lists of included studies, and contacted authors of published studies to identify additional studies eligible for inclusion, including any unpublished or ongoing trials. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised controlled trials that compared the effects of listening to music with no treatment or treatment-as-usual on sleep improvement in adults with insomnia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently screened abstracts, selected studies, assessed risk of bias, and extracted data from all studies eligible for inclusion. Data on pre-defined outcome measures were subjected to meta-analyses when consistently reported by at least two studies. We undertook meta-analyses using both fixed-effect and random-effects models. Heterogeneity across included studies was assessed using the I² statistic. MAIN RESULTS We included six studies comprising a total of 314 participants. The studies examined the effect of listening to pre-recorded music daily, for 25 to 60 minutes, for a period of three days to five weeks.Based on the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, we judged the evidence from five studies that measured the effect of music listening on sleep quality to be of moderate quality. We judged the evidence from one study that examined other aspects of sleep (see below) to be of low quality. We downgraded the quality of the evidence mainly because of limitations in design or being the only published study. As regards risk of bias, most studies were at high risk of bias on at least one domain: one study was at high risk of selection bias and one was judged to be at unclear risk; six studies were at high risk of performance bias; three studies were at high risk of detection bias; one study was at high risk of attrition bias and was study was judged to be at unclear risk; two studies were judged to be at unclear risk of reporting bias; and four studies were at high risk of other bias.Five studies (N = 264) reporting on sleep quality as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were included in the meta-analysis. The results of a random-effects meta-analysis revealed an effect in favour of music listening (mean difference (MD) -2.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.42 to -2.17; Z = 8.77, P < 0.00001; moderate-quality evidence). The size of the effect indicates an increase in sleep quality of the size of about one standard deviation in favour of the intervention compared to no treatment or treatment-as-usual.Only one study (N = 50; low-quality evidence) reported data on sleep onset latency, total sleep time, sleep interruption, and sleep efficiency. However, It found no evidence to suggest that the intervention benefited these outcomes. None of the included studies reported any adverse events. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS The findings of this review provide evidence that music may be effective for improving subjective sleep quality in adults with insomnia symptoms. The intervention is safe and easy to administer. More research is needed to establish the effect of listening to music on other aspects of sleep as well as the daytime consequences of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira V Jespersen
- Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/AalborgCenter for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical MedicineNørrebrogade 44Building 10GAarhusJyllandDenmark8000
| | - Julian Koenig
- The Ohio State UniversityDepartment of Psychology175 Psychology Building1835 Neil AvenueColumbusOhioUSA43210
| | - Poul Jennum
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Glostrup HospitalDanish Centre of Sleep MedicineGlostrupDenmarkDK‐2600
| | - Peter Vuust
- Aarhus University & The Royal Academy of Music Aarhus/AalborgCenter for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical MedicineNørrebrogade 44Building 10GAarhusJyllandDenmark8000
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