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Tear levels of IL-7, IL-1α, and IL-1β may differentiate between IgG4-related disease and Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:1101-1105. [PMID: 36627528 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06501-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We aim to assess and compare a cytokine and chemokine profile in tears from patients with IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and to see if this profile could aid in differentiating these two diseases. We included 10 patients with IgG4-RD who met the Comprehensive Diagnostic Criteria for IgG4-RD and 17 patients who met the AECG criteria for primary SS. The Schirmer-I test was carried out using two standardized sterile tear strips, which were then immediately frozen at - 86 °C until assayed. The tears were extracted from the strips after they had been defrosted using a buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl and 0.5% Tween-20. The amounts (pg/ml) of the following cytokines and chemokines were then measured using luminometry: IFN-γ, TNF-α, G-CSF, IL-1-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-7, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL11, and CXCL10. In the IgG4-RD group, seven patients had lacrimal gland involvement, five had dry eye symptoms, and six had a positive Schirmer-I test. In the SS group, 16 (94.1%) had dry eyes and all had a positive Schirmer-I test. We were able to differentiate between both diseases using levels of IL-7, IL-1α, and IL-1β; in particular, the IL-7/IL-1α and IL-7/IL-1β ratios had the best discriminatory potential, with cut-off values of 0.32 (AUC: 0.93, sensitivity: 94%, specificity: 80%, p = 0.0003) and 12.55 (AUC: 0.96, sensitivity: 94%, specificity: 90%, p = 0.0001), respectively. Our results suggest that IL-7, IL-1α, and IL-1β tear levels could help differentiate IgG4-RD from SS. Key Points • The lacrimal gland is frequently involved in IgG4-RD and SS. This characteristic makes both diseases mimics of one another. • Patients with IgG4-RD and SS have different profiles of tear cytokines and chemokines. • Tear IL-7, IL-1α, and IL-1β levels may serve as helpful biomarkers in separating IgG4-RD from SS.
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Palestine AG, Wagner BD, Patnaik JL, Baldermann R, Mathias MT, Mandava N, Lynch AM. Plasma C-C Chemokine Concentrations in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:710595. [PMID: 34869411 PMCID: PMC8636771 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.710595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the relationship between plasma concentrations of the C-C chemokines CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 and intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) patients compared with control inidividuals to further define the inflammatory pathways associated with age-related macular degeneration. Methods: The concentrations of CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 were measured using multiplex assays in plasma collected from 210 patients with iAMD and 102 control individuals with no macular degeneration as defined by multi-modal imaging. Non-inflammatory data included in the analysis were: age, sex, family history of AMD, history of smoking, body mass index, presence of reticular pseudo-drusen and cardiovascular disease. Median concentrations as well as a cutoff value for each chemokine were compared between the two groups. Results: The median concentrations of CCL2 and CCL4 did not differ between control and iAMD groups, however, CCL2 was elevated in iAMD when a cutoff comparison was used (p < 0.05). Median CCL3 and CCL5 concentrations were significantly decreased in the macular degeneration group compared with controls (p < 0.001) as well as when a cutoff value comparison was used. CCL3 and CCL5 were negatively correlated in cases and positively correlated in controls. Conclusions: Plasma CCL3 and CCL5 concentrations were significantly decreased and CCL2 concentrations were increased in patients with iAMD compared with controls, suggesting a role for C-C chemokines in the systemic inflammatory processes associated with disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Palestine
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Brandie D Wagner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jennifer L Patnaik
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Rebecca Baldermann
- Colorado Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Marc T Mathias
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Naresh Mandava
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Anne M Lynch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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3
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Calderón-Hernández MF, Altamirano-Bustamante NF, Revilla-Monsalve C, Mosquera-Andrade MB, Altamirano-Bustamante MM. What can we learn from β-cell failure biomarker application in diabetes in childhood? A systematic review. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1325-1362. [PMID: 34512897 PMCID: PMC8394223 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i8.1325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of diabetes as a catastrophic disease in childhood is growing in the world. The search for novel biomarkers of β-cell failure has been an elusive task because it requires several clinical and biochemical measurements in order to integrate the risk of metabolic syndrome.
AIM To determine which biomarkers are currently used to identify β-cell failure among children and adolescents with high risk factors for diabetes mellitus.
METHODS This systematic review was carried out using a modified version of the PICO protocol (Participants/Intervention/Comparison/Outcome). Once our research question was established, terms were individually researched on three different databases (PubMed, BIREME and Web of Science). The total articles obtained underwent a selection process from which the 78 most relevant articles were retrieved to undergo further analysis. They were assessed individually according to quality criteria.
RESULTS First, we made the classification of the β-cell-failure biomarkers by the target tissue and the evolution of the disease, separating the biomarkers in relation to the types of diabetes. Second, we demonstrated that most biomarkers currently used as early signs of β-cell failure are those that concern local or systemic inflammation processes and oxidative stress as well as those related to endothelial dysfunction processes. Third, we explored the novelties of diabetes as a protein conformational disease and the novel biomarker called real human islet amyloid polypeptide amyloid oligomers. Finally, we ended with a discussion about the best practice of validation and individual control of using different types of biomarkers in type 1 and type 2 diabetes in order to assess the role they play in the progress of diabetes in childhood.
CONCLUSION This review makes widely evident that most biomarkers currently used as early signs of β-cell failure are those that concern local or systemic inflammation processes and oxidative stress as well as those related to endothelial dysfunction processes. Landing in the clinical practice we propose that real human islet amyloid polypeptide amyloid oligomers is good for identifying patients with β-cell damage and potentially could substitute many biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Calderón-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico 06720, Mexico
| | | | - Cristina Revilla-Monsalve
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabólicas, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, IMSS, Mexico 06720, Mexico
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Poma AM, Genoni A, Broccolo F, Denaro M, Pugliese A, Basolo F, Toniolo A. Immune Transcriptome of Cells Infected with Enterovirus Strains Obtained from Cases of Type 1 Diabetes. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071031. [PMID: 32664675 PMCID: PMC7409211 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) infection of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells is associated with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but little is known about the mechanisms that lead the virus to cause a persistent infection and, possibly, to induce beta cell autoimmunity. A cell line susceptible to most enterovirus types was infected with EV isolates from cases of T1D and, for comparison, with a replication-competent strain of coxsackievirus B3. The transcription of immune-related genes and secretion of cytokines was evaluated in infected vs. uninfected cells. Acutely infected cells showed the preserved transcription of type I interferon (IFN) pathways and the enhanced transcription/secretion of IL6, IL8, LIF, MCP1, and TGFB1. On the other hand, infection by defective EV strains obtained from diabetic subjects suppressed IFN pathways and the transcription of most cytokines, while enhancing the expression of IL8, IL18, IL32, and MCP1. IL18 and IL32 are known for their pathogenic role in autoimmune diabetes. Thus, the cytokine profile of AV3 cells infected by diabetes-derived EV strains closely matches that observed in patients at the early stages of T1D. The concordance of our results with clinically verified information reinforces the hypothesis that the immune changes observed in type 1 diabetic patients are due to a hardly noticeable virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anello Marcello Poma
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Clinical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Angelo Genoni
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.)
| | - Francesco Broccolo
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Medical Sciences, University Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Maria Denaro
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Clinical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Alberto Pugliese
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Fulvio Basolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Clinical Area, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.D.); (F.B.)
| | - Antonio Toniolo
- Medical Microbiology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (A.T.)
- Global Virus Network, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Loftis JM, Byrne ML, Measelle J. Special Issue: Contexts and Consequences of Childhood Inflammation. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 86:1-3. [PMID: 31726087 PMCID: PMC7402616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Loftis
- Research & Development Service, VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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Volpato M, Perry SL, Marston G, Ingram N, Cockbain AJ, Burghel H, Mann J, Lowes D, Wilson E, Droop A, Randerson-Moor J, Coletta PL, Hull MA. Changes in plasma chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 levels during treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid predict outcome in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer liver metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28139-50. [PMID: 27058904 PMCID: PMC5053715 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of the anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) activity of the omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is not understood. We tested the hypothesis that EPA reduces expression of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), a pro-inflammatory chemokine with known roles in metastasis.We measured CCL2 in clinical samples from a randomized trial of EPA in patients undergoing liver surgery for CRC liver metastasis (LM) and preclinical models. Genome-wide transcriptional profiling of tumors from EPA-treated patients was performed.EPA decreased CCL2 synthesis by CRC cells in a dose-dependent manner. CCL2 was localized to malignant epithelial cells in human CRCLM. EPA did not reduce CCL2 content in human or mouse tumors compare to control. However, EPA treatment was associated with decreased plasma CCL2 levels compared with controls (P=0.04). Reduction in plasma CCL2 following EPA treatment predicted improved disease-free survival (HR 0.32; P=0.003). Lack of 'CCL2 response' was associated with a specific CRCLM gene expression signature.In conclusion, reduction in plasma CCL2 in patients with CRCLM treated with EPA predicts better clinical outcome and a specific tumor gene expression profile. Further work is needed to validate CCL2 as a therapeutic response biomarker for omega-3 fatty acid treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milene Volpato
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma Marston
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Ingram
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Cockbain
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Burghel
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Mann
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - David Lowes
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Erica Wilson
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Droop
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.,MRC Medical Bioinformatics Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9NL, UK
| | - Juliette Randerson-Moor
- Leeds Institute of Cancer Studies and Pathology, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - P Louise Coletta
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Hull
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
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Thorsen SU, Pipper CB, Mortensen HB, Skogstrand K, Pociot F, Johannesen J, Svensson J. Levels of soluble TREM-1 in children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes and their siblings without type 1 diabetes: a Danish case-control study. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:749-754. [PMID: 27862781 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease with an increase in incidence worldwide including Denmark. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a potent amplifier of pro-inflammatory responses and has been linked to autoimmunity, severe psychiatric disorders, sepsis, and cancer. HYPOTHESIS Our primary hypothesis was that levels of soluble TREM-1 (sTREM-1) differed between newly diagnosed children with T1D and their siblings without T1D. METHODS Since 1996, the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register has collected data on all patients who have developed T1D before the age of 18 years. Four hundred and eighty-one patients and 478 siblings with measurements of sTREM-1-blood samples were taken within 3 months after onset-were available for statistical analyses. Sample period was from 1997 through 2005. A robust log-normal regression model was used, which takes into account that measurements are left censored and accounts for correlation within siblings from the same family. RESULTS In the multiple regression model (case status, gender, age, HLA-risk, season, and period of sampling), levels of sTREM-1 were found to be significantly higher in patients (relative change [95%CI], 1.5 [1.1; 2.2],P = 0.02), but after adjustment for multiple testing our result was no longer statistically significant (P adjust = 0.1). We observed a statistical significant temporal increase in levels of sTREM-1. CONCLUSION Our results need to be replicated by independent studies, but our study suggests that the TREM-1 pathway may have a role in T1D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen U Thorsen
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian B Pipper
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik B Mortensen
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Johannesen
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannet Svensson
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lund-Blix NA, Dydensborg Sander S, Størdal K, Nybo Andersen AM, Rønningen KS, Joner G, Skrivarhaug T, Njølstad PR, Husby S, Stene LC. Infant Feeding and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes in Two Large Scandinavian Birth Cohorts. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:920-927. [PMID: 28487451 PMCID: PMC5481976 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study the relation between the duration of full and any breastfeeding and risk of type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included two population-based cohorts of children followed from birth (1996-2009) to 2014 (Denmark) or 2015 (Norway). We analyzed data from a total of 155,392 children participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Parents reported infant dietary practices when their child was 6 and 18 months old. The outcome was clinical type 1 diabetes, ascertained from nationwide childhood diabetes registries. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression. RESULTS Type 1 diabetes was identified in 504 children during follow-up, and the incidence of type 1 diabetes per 100,000 person-years was 30.5 in the Norwegian cohort and 23.5 in the Danish cohort. Children who were never breastfed had a twofold increased risk of type 1 diabetes compared with those who were breastfed (HR 2.29 [95% CI 1.14-4.61] for no breastfeeding vs. any breastfeeding for ≥12 months). Among those who were breastfed, however, the incidence of type 1 diabetes was independent of duration of both full breastfeeding (HR per month 0.99 [95% CI 0.97-1.01]) and any breastfeeding (0.97 [0.92-1.03]). CONCLUSIONS Suggestive evidence supports the contention that breastfeeding reduces the risk of type 1 diabetes. Among those who were breastfed, however, no evidence indicated that prolonging full or any breastfeeding was associated with a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai A Lund-Blix
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway .,Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Ketil Størdal
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kjersti S Rønningen
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Geir Joner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torild Skrivarhaug
- Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- KG Jebsen Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Steffen Husby
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars C Stene
- Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Peripheral Immune Mediators: Results from Two Nationwide Danish Pediatric Cohorts. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040365. [PMID: 28383493 PMCID: PMC5409704 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: We aimed to examine if 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was related to the peripheral immunological and inflammatory signature both at birth, and in newly diagnosed patients with childhood type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their healthy controls; (2) Methods: The birth cohort consisted of 470 patients and 500 healthy controls. Dried blood samples were collected from the neonates in the period 1981–1999. The newly diagnosed cohort consisted of 460 patients and 453 siblings. Serum samples were collected in the period 1997–2005. A variety of peripheral immune mediators were measured and compared to total 25(OH)D levels (25(OH)D2 + 25(OH)D3). For each immune mediator, the relative change (RC) in the mean level was modeled by robust log-normal regression and correction for multiple testing was performed; (3) Results: Two associations were identified; there was a negative association between 25(OH)D (10 nmol/L increase) and leptin (RC (95% confidence interval (CI)), 0.98 (0.96; 1.00)), and a positive association between 25(OH)D (10 nmol/L increase) and the chemokine, chemokine (c-x-c motif) ligand (CXCL) 8 (RC (95% CI), 1.07 (1.01; 1.13)); (4) Conclusion: CXCL8 and leptin have significant associations with levels of 25(OH)D in the newly diagnosed cohort. These results do not indicate a strong influence of 25(OH)D on the peripheral immunological or inflammatory signature.
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Thorsen SU, Pipper CB, Eising S, Skogstrand K, Hougaard DM, Svensson J, Pociot F. Neonatal levels of adiponectin, interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 are associated with the risk of developing type 1 diabetes in childhood and adolescence: A nationwide Danish case-control study. Clin Immunol 2016; 174:18-23. [PMID: 27871914 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM An in-depth understanding of the early phase of type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis is important for targeting primary prevention. We examined if 14 preselected mediators of immune responses differed in neonates that later developed T1D compared to control neonates. METHODS The study is a case-control study with a 1:2 matching. The individuals were born between 1981 through 2002. Cases were validated using the National Patient Register and the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register. Interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta 1 (active form), leptin, adiponectin, c-reactive protein, mannose-binding lectin and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 were measured by using a flowmetric Luminex xMAP® technology. We tested two models both including a number of possible confounders. In the first model (model 1) we also adjusted for HLA-DQB1 genotype. A total of 1930 groups of assay-matched cases and controls (4746 individuals) were included in the statistical analyses. RESULTS Adiponectin was negatively associated with later risk of T1D in both models (relative change (RC), model 1: 0.95, P=0.046 and model 2: 0.95, P=0.006). IL-10 and IL-12 were both positively associated with T1D risk in the model 2 (RC, 1.19, P=0.006 and 1.07, P=0.02, respectively)-these results were borderline significant in model 1, but showed the same direction as the results from model 2. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that specific immunological signatures are already present at time of birth in children developing T1D before the age of 18years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen U Thorsen
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev. Denmark.
| | - Christian B Pipper
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, 1710 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Eising
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev. Denmark
| | - Kristin Skogstrand
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - David M Hougaard
- Department of Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut Artillerivej 5, 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark
| | - Jannet Svensson
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev. Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev. Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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11
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Thorsen SU, Pipper CB, Mortensen HB, Pociot F, Johannesen J, Svensson J. No Contribution of GAD-65 and IA-2 Autoantibodies around Time of Diagnosis to the Increasing Incidence of Juvenile Type 1 Diabetes: A 9-Year Nationwide Danish Study. Int J Endocrinol 2016; 2016:8350158. [PMID: 27818684 PMCID: PMC5081463 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8350158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. A new perspective on autoantibodies as pivotal players in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has recently emerged. Our key objective was to examine whether increased levels of autoantibodies against the β-cell autoantigens glutamic acid decarboxylase (isoform 65) (GADA) and insulinoma associated antigen-2A (IA-2A) mirrored the 3.4% annual increase in incidence of T1D. Methods. From the Danish Childhood Diabetes Register, we randomly selected 500 patients and 500 siblings for GADA and IA-2A analysis (1997 through 2005). Blood samples were taken within three months after onset. A robust log-normal regression model was used. Nine hundred children and adolescents had complete records and were included in the analysis. Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to evaluate changes in prevalence of autoantibody positivity by period. Results. No significant changes in levels of GADA and IA-2A were found over our 9-year study period. No trends in autoantibody positivity-in either patients or siblings-were found. Levels of GADA and IA-2A were significantly associated with HLA risk groups and GADA with age. Conclusion. The prevalence of positivity and the levels of GADA and IA-2A have not changed between 1997 and 2005 in newly diagnosed patients with T1D and their siblings without T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen U. Thorsen
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian B. Pipper
- Department of Public Health, Section of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1710 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Henrik B. Mortensen
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Flemming Pociot
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jesper Johannesen
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jannet Svensson
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center (CPH-DIRECT), Department of Paediatrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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Ishii M, Araki S, Goto M, Yamamoto Y, Kusuhara K. CCL2 level is elevated with metabolic syndrome and CXCL10 level is correlated with visceral fat area in obese children. Endocr J 2016; 63:795-804. [PMID: 27375180 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej15-0731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that obesity is a low-grade, chronic inflammatory state that is accompanied by the enhanced production of multiple chemokines. In particular, metabolic syndrome (MS) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation are significantly associated with certain chemokines in adults. However, little is known regarding this association in obese children. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between circulating chemokine levels and both MS and VAT accumulation in obese children. Forty-four obese schoolchildren (26 boys) with a percentage of overweight (POW) exceeding 20 were evaluated. The median age was 11.4 years (range: 6.8-16.5 years). Blood samples were drawn after overnight fasting, and serum chemokine levels (CCL2, CCL5 and CXCL10) were quantitated. Visceral fat area (VFA) determinations were conducted using computed tomography. The results showed that the median BMI Z-score, POW, waist circumference and VFA of the subjects were 2.24 SD, 49.8%, 88.3 cm and 80.8 cm2, respectively. Eighteen were diagnosed with MS. CCL2 was significantly increased in MS subjects compared with non-MS subjects (p<0.05). CXCL10 was positively correlated with VFA (r=0.425, p<0.01). There were no significant correlations between age and chemokine levels. We showed that CCL2 levels were elevated in MS and CXCL10 levels were associated with VFA in obese children. Our results suggest that CCL2 and CXCL10 play important roles in the progression of obesity-related metabolic complications in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
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Pociot F, Kaur S, Nielsen LB. Effects of the genome on immune regulation in type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17 Suppl 22:37-42. [PMID: 27411435 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a complex disease, arising through the interaction of an incompletely defined combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. It is well accepted that T1DM results from selective immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing β cells in the islets of langerhans. Genetic studies of T1DM have identified several regions of susceptibility and identified major networks and pathways contributing to risk. In this study, we have taken advantages of the Immunochip fine-mapping genotyping data to address different aspects of immune regulation in relation to T1DM. First, we confirm that dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping of the major histocompatibility complex/human leukocyte antigen (MHC/HLA) region capture the complex genetic contribution of this region to disease risk. Furthermore, it is shown that Immunochip genotyping can translate into a limited number of DRB1 and DQB1 amino acid residues that account for most of the HLA-risk. Second, we use the Immunochip data to look for functional significance by correlation to circulating levels of chemokines and demonstrate that genetic variation at chromosome 2, 3, and 6 correlates with circulating CCL2 and CCL4 in recent onset T1DM patients. Finally, we report that genetic variants predict autoantibody positivity in T1DM cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Pociot
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Simranjeet Kaur
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lotte B Nielsen
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
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