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Aktura SC, Çelik H, Saritas SC, Özden G. Fear of Death and Sleep Quality in the Aftermath of an Earthquake. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2024:1-10. [PMID: 39373724 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20240829-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine fear of death and disruption in sleep patterns in individuals who have experienced an earthquake. METHOD A descriptive and relationship-oriented study was performed with 322 individuals who experienced the February 6, 2023, earthquake in Turkey. Data were collected between February 20 and May 15, 2023. A personal information form, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) were used for data collection. RESULTS Participants' mean DAS score was 7.96 (SD = 1.05), and mean PSQI score was 8.74 (SD = 4.06). Statistically significant relationships were found between sex, marital status, and mean DAS score, and these variables accounted for 11.7% of the total variance. Similarly, statistically significant relationships were found among economic status, relationship to person trapped under the rubble, financial loss from the earthquake, and mean PSQI score, accounting for 11.3% of the total variance. Women and married people had greater fear of death, and those with good economic status, whose family members were buried under rubble, and who experienced financial loss as a result of the earthquake had lower sleep quality. CONCLUSION The earthquake led to moderate fear of death and poor sleep quality among participants. Findings highlight the need for targeted support for vulnerable groups following disasters. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(xx), xx-xx.].
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Zeghari R, Gindt M, Guivarch J, Auby P, Robert P, Rolling J, Schröder C, Valo P, Askenazy F, Fernandez A. July 14th 2016 Nice Terrorist Attack Court Trial: A Protocol on Sleep Quality and Somatic Symptoms as Markers of Risk for Traumatic Reactivation in Adolescents Exposed to This Attack. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2953. [PMID: 37998445 PMCID: PMC10671086 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11222953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The court trial of the 14th of July 2016 terrorist attack in Nice (France) opened in September 2022 and ended in December 2022. Engaging in court proceedings, whether as a victim or a witness, can lead to a significant risk of traumatic reactivation (i.e., the re-emergence of post-traumatic stress symptoms). The present protocol aimed to improve knowledge of the pathophysiology of traumatic reactivation due to the media coverage of the trial by assessing sleep disturbances and somatic symptoms that could reappear if there is a traumatic reactivation. Method and Analysis: This is a monocentric longitudinal study, with recruitment solely planned at the Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC). We intended to include 100 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who were directly or indirectly exposed to the attack and included in the "14-7" program). Assessments began one month before the trial, in August 2022, and were scheduled once a month until the end of the trial. A smartwatch recorded sleep activity. Somatic and PTSD symptoms and sleep were assessed through validated questionnaires. The main analyses comprised the variance and regression analyses of predictors of clinical evolution over time. Ethics and Dissemination: The National Ethics Committee "NORD OUEST III" approved the "14-7" program protocol (number 2017-A02212-51). The specific amendment for this research was approved in April 2022 by the same national ethical committee. Inclusions started in August 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radia Zeghari
- Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques Universitaires Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Morgane Gindt
- Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques Universitaires Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Jokthan Guivarch
- Department of Child Psychiatry, APHM, 13009 Marseille, France;
- CANOP Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Auby
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Philippe Robert
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Julie Rolling
- Regional Center for Psychotraumatism Great East, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UPR3212-Research Team “Light, Circadian Rhythms, Sleep Homeostasis and Neuropsychiatry”, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Excellence Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders STRAS&ND, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Sleep Disorders Centre & International Research Centre for ChronoSomnology (Circsom), University Hospitals Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carmen Schröder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospitals, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS UPR3212-Research Team “Light, Circadian Rhythms, Sleep Homeostasis and Neuropsychiatry”, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Excellence Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders STRAS&ND, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Sleep Disorders Centre & International Research Centre for ChronoSomnology (Circsom), University Hospitals Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Expert Centre for High-Functioning Autism, Fondation FondaMental, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Petri Valo
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Florence Askenazy
- Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques Universitaires Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Fernandez
- Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Center (NPPC), Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Hôpitaux Pédiatriques Universitaires Lenval, 06200 Nice, France
- CoBTeK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, Université Cote d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
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Rolling J, Rabot J, Reynaud E, Kolb O, Bourgin P, Schroder CM. Nightmares and Sleep Disturbances in Children with PTSD: A Polysomnographic and Actigraphy Approach Evaluation. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6570. [PMID: 37892709 PMCID: PMC10607571 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12206570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sleep disturbances (insomnia and nightmare symptoms) are the most sensitive and persistent symptoms of pediatric post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Untreated, these sleep disturbances (SD) associated with PTSD are predictive of PTSD persistence and increased psychiatric complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate sleep and circadian rhythms in children with PTSD under both laboratory and ecological conditions in comparison with a control population and to test for the first time the hypothesis that SD and circadian rhythms are positively correlated with PTSD severity and its comorbidities. METHOD This prospective pilot study evaluated PTSD, SD (insomnia, nightmares), and sleep-wake rhythms in 11 children with PTSD (aged 3-18), compared with the age and sex-matched control groups. Assessment of PTSD and subjective and objective measures of sleep and sleep-wake rhythms (questionnaires, 24-h in-laboratory video-polysomnography, 15-day at-home actigraphy recording) were performed between 1 and 6 months after the traumatic event. RESULTS Children with PTSD had higher sleep fragmentation (increased wake-after-sleep onset, increased number of sleep stage changes) compared to controls, with a change in sleep microarchitecture (micro-arousal index at 14.8 versus 8.2, p = 0.039). Sleep fragmentation parameters correlated with PTSD symptomatology, insomnia, and post-traumatic nightmare severity. The within-group comparison revealed a better sleep architecture in the controlled (sleep laboratory) than in the ecological condition (at home) (total sleep time 586 versus 464 min, p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Sleep and rhythm disturbances are strongly associated with PTSD in children. The assessment of SD in children with PTSD should be carried out systematically and preferentially under ecological conditions, and management of SD should integrate the environment (environmental design, psycho-education for the children and their parents) more fully into therapy focused on sleep and trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rolling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (J.R.); (O.K.); (C.M.S.)
- Regional Center for Psychotraumatism Great East, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Sleep Disorders Center, International Research Center for ChronoSomnology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (E.R.); (P.B.)
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Juliette Rabot
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (J.R.); (O.K.); (C.M.S.)
- Sleep Disorders Center, International Research Center for ChronoSomnology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (E.R.); (P.B.)
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- Center for Research, Integrated University Health and Social Services Center (CIUSSS) Nord-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC H2M 2W1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry & Addictology, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Eve Reynaud
- Sleep Disorders Center, International Research Center for ChronoSomnology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (E.R.); (P.B.)
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- CNRS, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Forgetting, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Oriane Kolb
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (J.R.); (O.K.); (C.M.S.)
- Sleep Disorders Center, International Research Center for ChronoSomnology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (E.R.); (P.B.)
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrice Bourgin
- Sleep Disorders Center, International Research Center for ChronoSomnology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (E.R.); (P.B.)
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Carmen M. Schroder
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (J.R.); (O.K.); (C.M.S.)
- Sleep Disorders Center, International Research Center for ChronoSomnology, Strasbourg University Hospital, 67091 Strasbourg, France; (E.R.); (P.B.)
- CNRS UPR 3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
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Yang QF, Xie RB, Zhang R, Ding W. Harsh Childhood Discipline and Developmental Changes in Adolescent Aggressive Behavior: The Mediating Role of Self-Compassion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:725. [PMID: 37754002 PMCID: PMC10525461 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Harsh discipline during childhood (psychological aggression and corporal punishment) has been found to be an early risk factor for adolescent aggressive behavior. However, previous studies have mainly examined the relationship between harsh discipline as a whole and the level of adolescent aggressive behavior. This study investigates the effects of childhood psychological aggression and corporal punishment on the initial levels and rate of change in adolescent aggressive behavior, as well as the mediating role of self-compassion in this relationship. Using cluster sampling, a three-wave follow-up assessment was conducted on 1214 high-school students (60.7% boys; mean age at Wave 1 = 15.46 ± 0.71). The results showed that childhood psychological aggression and corporal punishment had a positive predictive effect on the development level of adolescent aggressive behavior. However, only childhood psychological aggression significantly directly attenuated the decline rate of adolescent aggressive behavior. In addition, both childhood psychological aggression and corporal punishment indirectly affected the initial levels and growth rate of adolescent aggressive behavior through self-compassion. These findings could provide potential targets for prevention and intervention programs aimed at improving aggressive behavior in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wan Ding
- Parent Education Research Center, Intelligent Laboratory of Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Zhejiang Province, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Zhen R, Zhang J, Pang H, Ruan L, Liu X, Zhou X. Full and partial posttraumatic stress disorders in adults exposed to super typhoon Lekima: a cross-sectional investigation. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:512. [PMID: 34663269 PMCID: PMC8522036 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Super typhoon Lekima had a maximum wind force of 16 (52 m/s) and hit Wenling city, Zhejiang province in China on August 10, 2019. The typhoon left many victims showing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the prevalence of full and partial PTSD to inform targeted interventions for adult victims. METHOD In total, four thousand seven hundred and forty-six adults who are parents of students in local primary and middle schools were recruited to participate in this study. Participants completed a trauma exposure scale and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition PTSD Checklist. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors of full and partial PTSD. RESULTS Nine hundred and ten (19.2%) adults had full PTSD and 1775 (37.4%) had partial PTSD. Adults with a monthly income > 10,000 RMB (about 1530 dollars) and a high education level (bachelor's degree or above) were less likely to have full or partial PTSD than those with lower income and lower education levels. In addition, married adults were less likely to have full PTSD than divorced or widowed ones. Higher rates of PTSD were observed among those aged ≥40 years, who were injured/trapped, whose family members/friends were injured/trapped, and who lost property. CONCLUSIONS Partial and full PTSD were common among adults following super typhoon Lekima, and high income, high education level, and married status were protective factors, whereas trauma exposure was a risk factor of PTSD. Target psychological intervention should be provided to these victims who are in low income and education level, divorced and widowed, and experienced more serious trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhen
- grid.410595.c0000 0001 2230 9154Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121 China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Teaching and Research Office, Wenling Education Bureau, Wenling, 317500 China
| | - Hongwei Pang
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Education Science, Hangzhou, 310028 China
| | - Lingling Ruan
- Zhejiang Research Institute of Education Science, Hangzhou, 310028 China
| | - Xuanwen Liu
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,Research and Training Center of School Mental Health Education of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028 China
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6
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Gao R, Chan SKW, Zhang BZ, Lin JX, Peng SR, Yang CG, Tian GJ, Bai JZ, Xu LX, Li YH, Zheng ZJ, Pu DS, Chan CLW, Ran MS. An epidemiological survey of mental disorders 5 years after the Lushan earthquake in Ya'an, China. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1263-1272. [PMID: 33146858 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to (1) explore the prevalence and relevant influencing factors of different mental disorders 5 years after the Lushan earthquake in Ya'an, China. METHODS An epidemiological mental health survey was conducted to identify the prevalence of mental disorders in general population in Ya'an. A multi-stage, group-matching random sampling method was adopted. Face-to-face interviews were done with a two-stage design by trained interviewers and psychiatrists. The 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) was used for the diagnosis. RESULTS There were 8876 participants who were interviewed in this study. The total 12-month and lifetime prevalence of all mental disorders were 12.5% and 14.7%, respectively. There was a significant difference between males and females in the prevalence patterns of several mental disorders. Han ethnic group had higher prevalence of anxiety disorders (2.7%), and the Tibetan group had higher prevalence of alcohol-related disorders (5.0%). Logistic regression analysis showed that the areas severely affected by the earthquake had significantly higher prevalence of depressive disorders, and the extremely severe affected areas had significantly higher prevalence of trauma- and stressor-related disorders. CONCLUSION Our findings show that the prevalence of a range of mental disorders 5 years after the earthquake in Ya'an are high, and the prevalence of depressive and trauma- and stressor-related disorders may be influenced differently by the various severity of earthquake impact. This study may be crucial for the health policy-making, cultural-specific mental health services and long-term mental recovery after the earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Gao
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Bing-Zhi Zhang
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Xia Lin
- School of Nursing, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shu-Rong Peng
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuan-Gang Yang
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo-Jiao Tian
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing-Zhen Bai
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu-Xiu Xu
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Hui Li
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zai-Jiang Zheng
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Dao-Sheng Pu
- Ya'an Fourth People's Hospital, Ya'an, 625000, Sichuan, China
| | - Cecilia Lai-Wan Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Ran
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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7
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Giannakopoulos G, Kolaitis G. Sleep problems in children and adolescents following traumatic life events. World J Psychiatry 2021; 11:27-34. [PMID: 33643859 PMCID: PMC7896245 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rates of childhood trauma exposure are extremely high, with approximately 70% of children and adolescents experiencing at least one traumatic event. Among the most common non-specific consequences of stress and trauma are disruptions of sleep. Sleep problems, such as shorter sleep duration, difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, nightmares, sleepless nights, and early-morning wakefulness appear to have a higher prevalence among children and adolescents following traumatic events. This review will illustrate the role of sleep problems in traumatized children and adolescents, and emphasize the need to consider a wide range of etiological mechanisms for these symptoms. However, the relationship of trauma exposure to sleep problems among children and adolescents needs further investigation in future research. Moreover, in view of the adverse consequences of long-term disrupted sleep on mental health outcomes following trauma, the need to effectively address sleep disturbances in traumatized children and adolescents is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Giannakopoulos
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Kolaitis
- Department of Child Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aghia Sophia Children's Hospital, Athens 11527, Greece
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8
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Wang S, Shi X, Chen X, Zhu Y, Chen H, Fan F. Earthquake Exposure and PTSD Symptoms Among Disaster-Exposed Adolescents: A Moderated Mediation Model of Sleep Problems and Resilience. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:577328. [PMID: 33927648 PMCID: PMC8076540 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.577328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable studies have explored the potential mechanisms between trauma exposure and PTSD, but little is known about the role of sleep problems and resilience in this relationship. To address this research gap, the present study examined whether sleep problems mediated the relationship between earthquake exposure and PTSD symptoms, and whether this mediating process was moderated by resilience. A sample of 1,342 adolescents (M age = 15.54 years, SD = 1.26) completed questionnaires regarding earthquake exposure, sleep problems, resilience, and PTSD symptoms 12 months after a devastating earthquake in China. After controlling for demographic variables, earthquake exposure was significantly, and positively associated with PTSD symptoms, and sleep problems partially mediated this relationship. Tests of moderated mediation further revealed that resilience moderated the relationship between earthquake exposure and PTSD symptoms as well as sleep problems and PTSD symptoms. Specifically, the relationship between earthquake exposure and PTSD symptoms was only significant for adolescents with a lower level of resilience; meanwhile, the positive relationship between sleep problems and PTSD symptoms was stronger among low-resilient adolescents. Therefore, sleep-targeted and resilience-based interventions may be effective in alleviating PTSD symptoms resulted from the earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Zhu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Counseling, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Fang Fan
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Guo X, Liu T, Xing C, Wang Y, Shang Z, Sun L, Jia Y, Wu L, Ni X, Liu W. Is Higher Subjective Fear Predictive of Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in a Sample of the Chinese General Public? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:560602. [PMID: 34093250 PMCID: PMC8172614 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.560602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has taken a huge toll on medical resources and the economy and will inevitably have an impact on public mental health. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as the most common mental illness after an epidemic, must be seriously addressed. This study aimed to investigate the subjective fear of the Chinese general public during COVID-19 and to explore how it affected the development of PTSD. Methods: An online questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,009 people from January 30 to February 14, 2020 (about 1 month after the COVID-19 outbreak). The subjective fear was measured by a self-reported single-choice question. Four items from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were selected to measure the subjects' sleep quality. Their post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were measured by the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Pearson correlation, hierarchical multivariate regression analysis, multiple mediator model, and bootstrapping were used in statistical analyses. Results: Different people showed different levels of subjective fear in response to the outbreak. There was a significant positive correlation between subjective fear and the total score of PCL-5 (R = 0.513, P < 0.01), meaning that the higher the degree of subjective fear, the more severe the symptoms of post-traumatic stress are. Subjective fear was an important predictor of PTSS, accounting for 24.3% of the variance. The total effect of subjective fear on PCL-5 scores was significant (total effect = 7.426, SE = 0.405, 95% CI = 6.631-8.221). The total indirect effect of subjective fear on PCL-5 scores through sleep quality was also significant (total indirect effect = 1.945, SE = 0.258, 95% CI = 1.436-2.470). Conclusions: Subjective fear has an important predictive effect on PTSS. In addition to the direct effect, our findings firstly demonstrate the mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between subjective fear and PTSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,The Battalion 3 of Cadet Brigade, School of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tuanjie Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wusong Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenqi Xing
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilei Shang
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luna Sun
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanpu Jia
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Wu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ni
- Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weizhi Liu
- Lab for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.,The Emotion & Cognition Lab, Faculty of Psychology and Mental Health, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Chen XY, Shi X, Li Y, Zhou Y, Chen H, Wang T, Fan F. Psychiatric comorbidity predicts sleep disturbances among adolescent earthquake survivors: a 10-year cohort study. Sleep Med 2020; 78:94-100. [PMID: 33418432 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence of sleep disturbances 10 years after Wenchuan earthquake, and to explore whether comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms could predict sleep disturbances and whether such effects were modified by gender. METHODS Participants were 1357 adolescents in the Wenchuan Earthquake Adolescent Health Cohort Study (WEAHC). 799 of the participants completed the followed-up survey 10 years after the earthquake. At 12-month post-earthquake (T12m), a battery of standardized measures were used to assess individual earthquake exposure, sleep disturbances (insomnia symptoms and poor sleep quality), PTSD, and depressive symptoms. At 10 years post-earthquake (T10y), those survivors reported their sleep disturbances via an online survey. Data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of insomnia (14.3%) and of poor sleep quality (19.8%) at T10y decreased when compared with it at T12m. After controlling for covariates, it is revealed that depression-only and comorbidity groups at T12m predicted sleep disturbances at T10y among the whole sample and males. As for females, who have depression-only and comorbidity were more likely to develop insomnia symptoms but not poor sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances remained highly prevalent among survivors even 10 years after the earthquake. Depression-only and comorbidity groups were related to higher risks of sleep disturbances, especially for males. Assessments and interventions targeting both depressive symptoms and comorbid PTSD to reduce sleep disturbances after a deadly disaster are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Hebei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Huilin Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom
| | - Tong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
| | - Fang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China.
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11
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Lai BS, La Greca AM, Colgan CA, Herge W, Chan S, Medzhitova J, Short M, Auslander B. Sleep Problems and Posttraumatic Stress: Children Exposed to a Natural Disaster. J Pediatr Psychol 2020; 45:1016-1026. [PMID: 32885231 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep plays a critical role in children's growth and development. This study examined the frequency and persistence of children's sleep problems following a natural disaster, risk factors for children's sleep problems, and the bidirectional relationship between children's sleep problems and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) over time. METHODS This study assessed 269 children (53% female, M = 8.70 years, SD = 0.95) exposed to Hurricane Ike at 8 months (Time 1) and 15 months (Time 2) post-disaster. Children completed measures of hurricane exposure and related stressors, stressful life events, sleep problems, and PTSS. RESULTS Children's sleep problems were significantly correlated from Time 1 to Time 2 (r = .28, p < .001). Risk factors for sleep problems at Time 2 were younger age, sleep problems at Time 1, and PTSS, not including sleep items, at Time 1. Examinations of the bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and PTSS indicated that PTSS significantly predicted later sleep problems, but sleep problems did not significantly predict later PTSS. CONCLUSIONS Findings demonstrate that PTSS may contribute to the development and course of children's sleep problems post-disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty S Lai
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College
| | | | - Courtney A Colgan
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College
| | - Whitney Herge
- Psychology Department, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children
| | - Sherilynn Chan
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati
| | - Julia Medzhitova
- Department of Counseling, Developmental, and Educational Psychology, Lynch School of Education and Human Development, Boston College
| | - Mary Short
- Clinical, Health and Applied Sciences, College of Human Sciences and Humanities, University of Houston-Clear Lake
| | - Beth Auslander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch
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12
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Qi J, Yang X, Tan R, Wu X, Zhou X. Prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among adolescents over 1 year after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. J Affect Disord 2020; 261:1-8. [PMID: 31590064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On August 8, 2017, a 7-magtitude earthquake struck Jiuzhaigou County in Sichuan, China. This was the third devastating earthquake in that province. The prevalence and predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and comorbid PTSD/depression among adolescents were unclear after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. METHODS Participants were 1241 adolescent survivors in Jiuzhaigou. Data were collected using the PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, and the Chinese version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale for Children. RESULTS In total, 46.3% of participants reported PTSD, 64.5% reported depression, and 39.2% reported comorbid PTSD/depression symptoms. Risk factors for symptoms of these disorders were being female, having been injured or trapped, and intrusive rumination. High school students were less likely to report PTSD and comorbid PTSD/depression than middle school students. Participants with family members/friends that were injured or trapped reported more PTSD and comorbid symptoms than those without this experience. Loss of property also predicted PTSD. However, deliberate rumination was a protective factor for depression. LIMITATIONS This study did not cover all adolescents in Jiuzhaigou and all potential predictors. As we used a cross-sectional design, this study could not assess the trajectory of PTSD, depression, and comorbid symptoms after the earthquake. CONCLUSION The findings are meaningful for mental health care among adolescents after natural disasters such as an earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Qi
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Xima Yang
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Ruyue Tan
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China.
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13
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Zhou X, Zhen R, Wu X. Trajectories of sleep problems among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake: the role of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Psychol Health 2019; 34:811-827. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1574348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchun Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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14
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Tang W, Lu Y, Yang Y, Xu J. An epidemiologic study of self-reported sleep problems in a large sample of adolescent earthquake survivors: The effects of age, gender, exposure, and psychopathology. J Psychosom Res 2018; 113:22-29. [PMID: 30190044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the prevalence of sleep problems and their associated risk factors in child and adolescent survivors three years after the 2013 Ya'an earthquake. METHODS A total of 6132 adolescent survivors aged 9-18 years were invited to complete the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale-13, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders. Logistic analysis was used to identify possible relationships of sleep disturbance scores with earthquake exposures, mental health and demographic characteristics. RESULTS More than a quarter of the sample showed sleep problems of some kind, with 23.1% sleeping fewer than 7 h per night, 32.5% having difficulty falling asleep, 24.2% having difficulty remaining asleep, 25.3% having poor sleep quality, 17.4% having nightmares and 44.6% having difficulty functioning during daytime hours. Older participants were at a significantly higher risk of sleep issues than younger children (OR 2.89), and the subjects had significantly elevated risks of probable anxiety (OR 3.47), probable depression (OR 2.45), and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (OR 1.89). Other risk factors for sleep problems were earthquake exposure variables, including being injured (OR 1.42), having a parent injured (OR 1.27), witnessing death (OR 1.32) or feeling extremely scared (OR 1.22) in the Ya'an earthquake. CONCLUSIONS Sleep disturbances are common in adolescent earthquake survivors, and they are associated with age, gender, psychiatric symptoms and factors related to earthquake exposure. These results highlight the importance of development- and gender-specific interventions to prevent sleep disturbances after a major earthquake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Tang
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Centre for Educational and Health Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanchun Yang
- Mental Health Center, State Key Lab of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiuping Xu
- Institute of Emergency Management and Post-disaster Reconstruction, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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