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Faura-Garcia J, Calvete E, Orue I. Longitudinal Associations Between Nonsuicidal Self-Injury, Depressive Symptoms, Hopelessness, and Emotional Dysregulation in Adolescents. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:800-814. [PMID: 37498639 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2023.2237075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents has been associated with increased depressive symptomatology, hopelessness, and emotional dysregulation; however, few studies have examined longitudinal associations between NSSI and these problems. This study examines the longitudinal relationships among these variables in community adolescents and whether the pattern of relationships varies between boys and girls. The participants were 785 adolescents (57.1% girls) aged 13 to 18 years (M = 15.64; SD = 1.08) who completed self-reported measures of NSSI, depression, hopelessness, and emotional dysregulation at least once at two moments separated by 1 year. The longitudinal model was tested through structural equation modeling and multiple group analysis. NSSI predicted increased depressive symptoms, hopelessness, and emotional dysregulation; depressive symptoms predicted NSSI; hopelessness predicted depressive symptoms; and emotional dysregulation predicted depressive symptoms and hopelessness. The pattern was similar for girls and boys, although girls scored higher on all variables. The results underscore the important bidirectional associations between NSSI and other risk factors throughout adolescence. These findings will support prevention and interventions for NSSI and internalizing symptoms in adolescents in school and clinical settings.
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Zhou X, Guo J, Wu H, Chen D, Wang C, You J. The Relationship between Ambivalence over Emotional Expression and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Adolescents: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model. Arch Suicide Res 2024; 28:90-106. [PMID: 36282550 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2134068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has become a significant mental health concern for adolescents. Previous empirical studies have shown that ambivalence over emotional expression is positively associated with negative emotions and behaviors. However, little is known about the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI among adolescents. Therefore, this study used a longitudinal design to examine the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI among Chinese adolescents, and also to explore the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship. METHOD A total of 1,672 students (45.8% males; Mage = 16.12 years, SD = 1.56) in a middle school in Guangzhou were tracked. The investigation was conducted twice, with an interval of 6 months. RESULTS Ambivalence over emotional expression was positively correlated with NSSI. After controlling for gender and baseline NSSI, anxiety symptoms fully mediated the association between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI. In addition, the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI was moderated by NSSI refusal self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS These findings imply that to decrease ambivalence over emotional expression, to reduce anxiety symptoms, and to promote NSSI refusal self-efficacy may be useful for interventions and preventions of NSSI.HIGHLIGHTSTested the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI in adolescents.Examined a moderated-mediation model over six months.Found the mediated effect of anxiety symptoms and moderated effect of NSSI refusal self-efficacy in the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression and NSSI.
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Barclay N, Kelley KA, Brausch AM, Muehlenkamp JJ, Nadorff MR. Changes in the suicide risk behaviors of American college students over time: An analysis of three universities. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2023; 53:764-775. [PMID: 37515442 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide-related behaviors are prevalent among college students, and several mental health problems associated with increased suicide risk have increased over time. Furthermore, notable cultural events (e.g., political changes, COVID-19) have occurred in the past decade, which likely impact trends in suicide-related behaviors. The current study examined how the prevalence of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation (SI), and suicide attempts has changed from 2012 to 2022 across three different universities. METHOD Archival datasets from multiple years of college student survey data were compiled, and different measures of NSSI, SI, and suicide attempts were dichotomized to assess prevalence. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests were used to identify changes in suicide-related behaviors across time. RESULTS Results indicated significant increases in the prevalence of most behaviors across each university, with most increases occurring after 2018. Despite sharing a general trend of increased suicide-related behaviors, each university differed considerably in their respective trends between various timepoints, suggesting that unique factors may differentially contribute to growing risk among college students. CONCLUSION Overall, the current study identifies increasing trends in suicide-related behaviors over the past decade and highlights the value of investigating these behaviors at the university level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Barclay
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Karen A Kelley
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
| | - Amy M Brausch
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jennifer J Muehlenkamp
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire, Eau Claire, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Michael R Nadorff
- Department of Psychology, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, USA
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Grove JL, Carlson SE, Parkhurst KA, O’Neill JC, Smith TW. Nonsuicidal self-injury, sleep quality, and shame response to a laboratory stress task. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:871-885. [PMID: 36223526 PMCID: PMC9925399 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) frequently functions to regulate shame-based emotions and cognitions in the context of interpersonal stress. The present study sought to examine how sleep quality (SQ) may influence this process in a laboratory setting. METHODS Participants included 72 adults (Mage = 24.28; 36 with a lifetime history of NSSI) who completed a self-report measure of prior month SQ and engaged in a modified Trier social stress task (TSST). State shame ratings were collected immediately before and following the TSST, as well as 5 min post-TSST, to allow for the measurement of shame reactivity and recovery. RESULTS No significant results emerged for NSSI history and SQ as statistical predictors of shame reactivity. However, NSSI history was significantly associated with heightened shame intensity during the recovery period of the task, and this was moderated by SQ. Simple slopes analyses revealed a conditional effect whereby poorer SQ (1SD above the mean) was associated with greater intensity of shame during recovery, but only for those with a history of NSSI. CONCLUSION Poor SQ may contribute to worrisome emotional responses to daytime stressors in those at risk for NSSI.
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Wang Y, Luo B, Hong B, Yang M, Zhao L, Jia P. The relationship between family functioning and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: A structural equation modeling analysis. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:193-200. [PMID: 35472474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has suggested that depressive symptoms, emotional competence, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) may mediate the association between family functioning and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mediation effects of depressive symptoms, emotional competence, and COVID-related PTSS on the relationship between family functioning and NSSI in adolescents. METHOD A sample of 5854 adolescents was recruited from June 16 to July 8, 2020. The data for family functioning, depressive symptoms, emotional competence, COVID-related PTSS, and NSSI behavior of adolescents were collected via self-reported questionnaires. A structural equation model was constructed to examine the relationship, and a bootstrap analysis was conducted to evaluate the mediation effects. RESULTS The reporting rate of adolescent NSSI was 30.2%. The poor family functioning was positively associated with adolescent NSSI (β = 0.130, 95% CI = 0.093-0.182), which was mediated by depression with effect size of 0.231 (95% CI = 0.201-0.257). The pathway coefficients between emotional competence and NSSI, and depression, COVID-related PTSS and NSSI, though statistically significant were unlikely to be clinically meaning with values of 0.057 and 0.015. There was no mediating effect by COVID-related PTSS. The pathways initially constructed between family functioning and COVID-related PTSS, emotional capacity and COVID-related PTSS were not been verified. LIMITATIONS It was unclear whether this mediational effect would be supported in a longitudinal design. The application and extension of this model toward other regions and countries, and different ages need to be further explored. CONCLUSION The interventions of adolescent NSSI should focus on both the family level and individual levels. Improving family environment, screening depressive symptoms, enhancing emotional competence and lessening COVID-related PTSS may reduce NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biru Luo
- Department of Nursing, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binxue Hong
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Faculty of Health, Art and Design, Swinbune Technology University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Health Policy and Management, West China School of Public Health/West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Research Centre for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; International Institute of Spatial Lifecourse Epidemiology (ISLE), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Kim H, Hur JW. What's Different About Those Who Have Ceased Self-Injury? Comparison Between Current and Lifetime Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Arch Suicide Res 2022; 27:718-733. [PMID: 35446236 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2064256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and psychological variables as well as the function of NSSI related to the cessation of NSSI by analyzing the difference between those currently engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and those who have stopped NSSI behaviors. METHODS A total of 490 adults with a history of NSSI (359 females) were assigned to one of two groups: NSSI engagement within the last 12 months or "current NSSI" (n = 402) vs. no episode of NSSI in the previous 12 months or "lifetime NSSI" (n = 88). RESULTS There were no significant group differences in sex or socioeconomic status, while individuals with current NSSI were slightly younger than those who had ceased NSSI behavior. Regarding the functions of NSSI, the current NSSI group endorsed more intrapersonal functions. Moreover, the participants who had ceased NSSI behavior reported significantly less perceived stress, dysfunctional attitudes, alexithymia, emotion reactivity, and suicidal ideation. On the other hand, the lifetime NSSI group showed greater psychological resources such as self-esteem, distress tolerance, and resilience. CONCLUSIONS We revealed apparent differences in NSSI functions, clinical symptoms, and psychological resources depending on the maintenance and cessation of NSSI. This study highlights the need for a better understanding of the factors that stop as well as those that continue NSSI behaviors. HIGHLIGHTSThe lifetime NSSI group reported less intrapersonal NSSI functions.The current NSSI group suffered from more clinical symptoms.Individuals who ceased NSSI had more psychological resources.
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Ayer L, Pane JD, Godley MD, McCaffrey DF, Burgette L, Cefalu M, Vegetabile B, Griffin BA. Comparative effectiveness of individual versus family-based substance use treatment on adolescent self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 139:108782. [PMID: 35461747 PMCID: PMC9674085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) are of increasing concern among adolescents, especially those who use substances. Some evidence suggests that existing evidence-based substance use treatments (EBTs) could impact not only their intended substance use targets but also SITB. However, which types of substance use treatments may have the greatest impact on youth SITB is not yet clear. Based on prior literature showing that family support and connection may buffer youth from SITB, we initially hypothesized that family-based EBTs would show greater improvement in SITB compared to those receiving individually focused EBTs and that the size of the effects would be small given the comparison between two active, evidence-based interventions, and base rates of SITB. METHODS In a sample of 2893 youth in substance use treatment, we compared the effectiveness of individually and family-based EBTs in reducing SITBs. The study used entropy balancing and regression modeling to balance the groups on pre-treatment characteristics and examine change in outcomes over a one-year follow-up period. RESULTS Both groups improved in self-injury and suicide attempts over the one-year study period, but only youth in individual treatment improved in suicidal ideation. However, the study found no significant difference between the changes over time in the two groups for any outcome. As expected, effect sizes were small and power was constrained in this study given the rarity of the outcomes, but effect sizes are similar to those observed with substance use outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The results provide important exploratory evidence on the potential relative effectiveness of these two treatments for SITBs. This study supports prior findings that EBTs for youth substance use may help to improve SITB and suggests that different treatment formats (individual or family-based) could result in different benefits for SITB outcomes.
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Marraccini ME, Brick LA, O'Neill JC, Weyandt LL, Buchanan AL. Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Among College Students: A Latent Class Analysis. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 25:731-750. [PMID: 32233913 PMCID: PMC7529881 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2020.1746942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study explored emerging typologies of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors and how they relate to known psychological and cognitive correlates. Latent class analysis was employed to identify subgroups of college students (n = 626, mean age = 20, 73% female, and 83% White) based on history of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors. Differences among classes were tested to examine their associations with suicidal ideation, fearlessness of death, depression/hopelessness, thwarted belongingness, problems with alcohol or drugs, behavioral inhibition, and emotional control. Results of the latent class analysis supported a 3-class solution, with students classified as being likely to have (1) no history of any self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (78%); (2) a history of all self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (8%); or (3) a history of suicidal ideation, plan, and non-suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors, but not suicide attempt (13%). Findings examining correlates of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors highlight the importance of fearlessness of death for distinguishing suicide attempters from non-attempters. Attention to mental health and suicide prevention initiatives should remain a critical priority across college campuses.
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Salem T, Winer ES, Jordan DG, Nadorff MR, Fanning JR, Bryant J, Berman ME, Veilleux JC. Anhedonia and the Relationship Between Other Depressive Symptoms and Aggressive Behavior. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:3257-3284. [PMID: 29768994 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518770646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Depression has been linked to multiple forms of aggressive behavior in college students; however, it is unclear which aspects of depression explain this connection. Anhedonia, defined as the loss of interest and/or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities, may provide unique information about relationships between depression and aggression. Using cross-sectional data from two independent samples of college students (N = 747 and N = 736 for Study 1 and Study 2, respectively), we examined whether anhedonia helped explain the relationship between broader depressive symptoms and different forms of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Anhedonia accounted for variance in both self-directed aggression and antisocial behavior independent of gender, hostility, anger, other depressive symptoms, and cognitive distortions (Study 2). In addition, there were significant indirect effects of depressive symptoms on self-directed aggression (Studies 1 and 2) and antisocial behavior (Study 2) via anhedonia. Hypotheses involving other-directed aggression received mixed support, with anhedonia atemporally associated with other-directed aggression independent of broader depressive symptoms in Study 1, but not in Study 2. The current findings suggest that anhedonia is an important individual difference that helps explain the relationship between depression and aggressive and antisocial acts and that anhedonia may be differentially associated with various types of aggressive and antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taban Salem
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
| | | | - D Gage Jordan
- Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, USA
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Morthorst B, Rubæk L, Lindschou J, Jakobsen JC, Gluud C, Bjureberg J, Hellner C, Møhl B, Pagsberg AK. An internet-based emotion regulation intervention versus no intervention for nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents: study protocol for a feasibility trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:44. [PMID: 33549128 PMCID: PMC7866693 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00785-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has gained increased attention in recent years due to increased prevalence, especially among adolescents. Evidence-based interventions for NSSI are sparse. Emotion regulation individual therapy for adolescents (ERITA) is an online intervention that needs investigation. Non-randomised studies suggest ERITA improves emotion regulations skills and reduces NSSI frequency. Before conducting a large pragmatic randomised clinical trial, we aim to investigate the feasibility of ERITA in Denmark. METHODS A randomised, parallel group feasibility trial comparing ERITA as add on to treatment as usual versus treatment as usual in 30 adolescents age 13-17 years with recurrent NSSI referred to outpatient clinics in The Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark. Feasibility outcomes are (1) completion of follow-up, (2) the fraction of eligible participants who consent to inclusion and randomisation and (3) compliance with the intervention. Clinical outcomes such as self-injury frequency and the ability to regulate emotions will be investigated exploratorily. DISCUSSION Internet-based interventions are assumed to be appealing to adolescents by being easily accessible and easy to navigate by tech natives. Disclosure of self-injury behaviour may be facilitated by an online intervention. The evidence for self-injury specific treatment needs to be extended but prior to a large clinical trial, the feasibility of methods and procedures must be assessed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov Identifier: NCT04243603 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Morthorst
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lotte Rubæk
- Team of Self-Injury, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Lersøpark allé 107, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jane Lindschou
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Janus Christian Jakobsen
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Gluud
- Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Johan Bjureberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholms läns sjukvårdsområde (SLSO), Sachsgatan 10, 118 61 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Clara Hellner
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholms läns sjukvårdsområde (SLSO), Sachsgatan 10, 118 61 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Møhl
- Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Teglgårds Plads 1 (Nordkraft), 9200 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Pagsberg
- Research Unit, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 15, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
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McCarthy K. Resident assistant secondary trauma and burnout associated with student nonsuicidal self-injury. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2020; 68:673-677. [PMID: 30908135 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1590374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether or not encountering students struggling with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) put resident assistants (RAs) at greater risk of burnout or secondary traumatic stress. Participants: One hundred and fifty-five RAs at three Midwest public university campuses between March and April 2016. Methods: RAs participated in an anonymous online survey that collected demographics, information on RAs' experiences and thoughts related to their work, RAs' exposure to NSSI struggle of a resident, and measurements of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and secondary traumatic stress. Results: RAs who encountered resident NSSI demonstrated significantly higher levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress than RAs who did not encounter resident NSSI. Conclusion: College students struggle with NSSI can significantly affect the people around them. Residence life administration and college counseling centers should provide training, support, and supervision to RAs in a way that addresses and reduces the RAs' potential distress.
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Gu H, Lu Y, Cheng Y. Negative life events and nonsuicidal self-injury in prisoners: The mediating role of hopelessness and moderating role of belief in a just world. J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:145-155. [PMID: 32613606 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The rate of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among prisoners is higher than that in the general population. However, less is known about correlates and risk factors during imprisonment. Based on Dear's model of NSSI in prison, our study tested the mediation effect of hopelessness and the moderation effect of belief in a just world in the association between negative life events and NSSI. METHODS A total of 1,042 Chinese male prisoners completed questionnaires concerning negative life events, hopelessness, and belief in a just world. Their NSSI was assessed in structured interviews. RESULTS The results showed that negative life events were positively associated with prisoners' hopelessness, which in turn was positively associated with their NSSI. Belief in a just world weakened the mediation effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the need to consider environmental and personal factors simultaneously when evaluating risks associated with prisoners' NSSI, and they have important implications for prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Gu
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- School of Educational Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Yufang Cheng
- Continuing Education College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Chen J, Spleen A, Adkins AE, Dick DM, Warren CM, Mountcastle SB. Self-reported Food Allergy and Intolerance among College Undergraduates: Associations with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF COLLEGE STUDENT PSYCHOTHERAPY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87568225.2020.1753610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabi Chen
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | | | - Amy E. Adkins
- Department of Psychology, College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Christopher M. Warren
- Sean N Parker Center for Asthma and Allergy Research at Stanford University, Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sally B. Mountcastle
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA
- The Spit for Science Working Group: Spit for Science Director: Danielle M. Dick. Registry Management: Kimberly Pedersen, Zoe Neale, Nathaniel Thomas. Data Cleaning and Management: Amy E. Adkins, Nathaniel Thomas, Zoe Neale, Kimberly Pedersen, Thomas Bannard & Seung B. Cho. Data Collection: Amy E. Adkins, Peter Barr, Erin C. Berenz, Erin Caraway, Seung B. Cho, James S. Clifford, Megan Cooke, Elizabeth Do, Alexis C. Edwards, Neeru Goyal, Laura M. Hack, Lisa J. Halberstadt, Sage Hawn, Sally Kuo, Emily
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Taliaferro LA, Jang ST, Westers NJ, Muehlenkamp JJ, Whitlock JL, McMorris BJ. Associations between connections to parents and friends and non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: The mediating role of developmental assets. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 25:359-371. [PMID: 31405295 DOI: 10.1177/1359104519868493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested a model that incorporated potential developmental assets through which connections to parents and friends reduce the likelihood of engaging in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. METHOD Data came from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey, a population-based survey of 8th, 9th, and 11th grade students (N = 119,452). Chi-square test, t-test, and correlations evaluated bivariate relationships between all variables. Indirect effects of three developmental assets (social competency, positive identity, and empowerment) were modeled simultaneously on associations between connections to parents and friends, and past-year NSSI. RESULTS Bivariate analyses demonstrated protective effects of parent and friend connections on NSSI and that all developmental assets were negatively associated with NSSI. After accounting for demographic variables and associations between developmental assets in a multiple mediator path model, connections to parents showed a stronger, negative direct relationship with NSSI than did connections to friends. Developmental assets, especially positive identity and empowerment, accounted for a greater proportion of the effect of connections to friends on NSSI than the effect of connections to parents. Finally, social competency was no longer significantly related to NSSI in the multiple mediator path model. CONCLUSION Clinical efforts to prevent NSSI should focus on enhancing adolescents' sense of positive identity and empowerment, as well as connections to parents and prosocial friends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, USA
| | - Sung Tae Jang
- Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - Janis L Whitlock
- Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research, College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, USA
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Franz PJ, Nook EC, Mair P, Nock MK. Using Topic Modeling to Detect and Describe Self-Injurious and Related Content on a Large-Scale Digital Platform. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2020; 50:5-18. [PMID: 31264733 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) are a complex and enduring public health concern. Increasingly, teenagers use digital platforms to communicate about a range of mental health topics. These discussions may provide valuable information that can lead to insights about complex issues like SITBs. However, the field of clinical psychology currently lacks an easy-to-implement toolkit that can quickly gather information about SITBs from online sources. In the present study, we applied topic modeling, a natural language processing technique, to identify SITBs and related themes online, and we validated this approach using human coders. METHOD We separately used topic modeling software and human coders to identify themes present in text from a popular online Internet support forum for teenagers. We then determined the degree to which results from the software's topic model aligned with themes identified by human coders. RESULTS We found that topic modeling detected SITBs and related themes in online discussions in a way that accurately distinguishes between relevant and irrelevant human-coded themes. CONCLUSIONS This approach has the potential to drastically increase our understanding of SITBs and related issues discussed on digital platforms, as well as our ability to identify those at risk for such outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Franz
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Erik C Nook
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Mair
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L, Ribeaud D, Eisner M, Shanahan L. Stressful Life Events in Different Social Contexts Are Associated With Self-Injury From Early Adolescence to Early Adulthood. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:487200. [PMID: 33192638 PMCID: PMC7653177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.487200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-injury often arises as a maladaptive coping strategy used to alleviate distress. Past research has typically examined how chronic stressors in a specific context are associated with self-injury. Little is known about the unique and cumulative associations between acute stressful life events that occur in different social contexts and self-injury among adolescents. This is especially the case for males, for whom the etiology of self-injury is understudied. We examine the unique and cumulative contributions of stressful life events in the contexts of adolescents' school life, peer networks, intimate relationships, and family life to self-injurious behavior in males and females from the community. Our data comes from a prospective-longitudinal community-representative study, the Zurich Project on the Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso). Our sample consists of 1,482 adolescents (52% male) assessed at ages 13, 15, 17, and 20. At each age, adolescents reported whether they had engaged in self-injury during the previous month. They also reported stressful life events in the school, peer, intimate relationships, and family contexts, typically since the last assessment. Stressful life events in the peer context were consistently associated with self-injury. In the contexts of school, intimate relationships, and family, some associations were age- or sex-specific. For example, mid-adolescent females were more likely than mid-adolescent males to use self-injury when faced with stressful events in school and intimate relationships. With respect to risk accumulation, females' risk of self-injury increased with each additional life event between the ages of 13 and 17, beginning at 2+ events. This pattern did not hold for males. In early adulthood, 4+ life events were associated with an increased risk of self-injury, which suggests that the thresholds for the number of life events needed to trigger self-injury increased from adolescence to young adulthood. Our findings suggest that reducing risk of stressful events in different social contexts, and improving young people's coping skills could help reduce their risk of self-injury. New or revised theoretical models may be needed to better understand the emergence of self-injury in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin Steinhoff
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bechtiger
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Kiekens G, Hasking P, Claes L, Boyes M, Mortier P, Auerbach R, Cuijpers P, Demyttenaere K, Green J, Kessler R, Myin-Germeys I, Nock M, Bruffaerts R. Predicting the incidence of non-suicidal self-injury in college students. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 59:44-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Despite increased awareness that non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) poses a significant public health concern on college campuses worldwide, few studies have prospectively investigated the incidence of NSSI in college and considered targeting college entrants at high risk for onset of NSSI.Methods:Using data from the Leuven College Surveys (n = 4,565; 56.8%female, Mage = 18.3, SD = 1.1), students provided data on NSSI, sociodemographics, traumatic experiences, stressful events, perceived social support, and mental disorders. A total of 2,163 baseline responders provided data at a two-year annual follow-up assessment (63.2% conditional response rate).Results:One-year incidence of first onset NSSI was 10.3% in year 1 and 6.0% in year 2, with a total of 8.6% reporting sporadic NSSI (1–4 times per year) and 7.0% reporting repetitive NSSI (≥ 5 times per year) during the first two years of college. Many hypothesized proximal and distal risk factors were associated with the subsequent onset of NSSI (ORs = 1.5–18.2). Dating violence prior to age 17 and severe role impairment in daily life were the strongest predictors. Multivariate prediction suggests that an intervention focused on the 10% at highest risk would reach 23.9% of students who report sporadic, and 36.1% of students who report repetitive NSSI during college (cross-validated AUCs =.70–.75).Discussion:The college period carries high risk for the onset of NSSI. Individualized web-based screening may be a promising approach for detecting young adults at high risk for self-injury and offering timely intervention.
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18
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Klibert JJ, Aftab S, Tarantino N, Miceli M, Lamis D. A Protective Model for Suicidal Behaviors in American and Pakistani College Students. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2019; 83:84-103. [PMID: 30991890 DOI: 10.1177/0030222819843029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of cross-national studies evaluating protective models for suicidal behaviors. Thus, using a behavioral framework, the purpose of this study was to examine whether higher levels of life-enhancing behaviors could mitigate or weaken the relation between depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors in United States and Pakistani college students. A total of 811 students (449 Pakistani and 362 U.S. students) participated in the study. Results indicated that the strength of the relation between depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors was stronger for U.S. students. In addition, the association between depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviors weakened in the presence of high engagement in life-enhancing behaviors. This effect was comparable in strength for American versus Pakistani students. The results offer preliminary evidence for life-enhancing behaviors as a protective factor for suicide across unique cultural settings and may serve as a valuable area of focus for secondary prevention programs.
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19
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Gong T, Ren Y, Wu J, Jiang Y, Hu W, You J. The associations among self-criticism, hopelessness, rumination, and NSSI in adolescents: A moderated mediation model. J Adolesc 2019; 72:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hasking P, Boyes ME, Finlay-Jones A, McEvoy PM, Rees CS. Common Pathways to NSSI and Suicide Ideation: The Roles of Rumination and Self-Compassion. Arch Suicide Res 2019; 23:247-260. [PMID: 29791304 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1468836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether rumination and self-compassion moderate and/or mediate the relationships between negative affect and both non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicide ideation. Undergraduate university students (n = 415) completed well-validated measures of negative affect, rumination, self-compassion, NSSI, and suicide ideation. Neither rumination nor self-compassion moderated associations between negative affect and NSSI and suicide ideation. However, both rumination and self-compassion mediated associations between negative affect and lifetime history of NSSI and suicide ideation. Self-compassion additionally mediated the association between negative affect and both 12-month NSSI and suicide ideation. The salience of self-compassion, particularly in predicting recent NSSI and suicide ideation, offers promise for early intervention initiatives focusing on less judgmental or self-critical means of self-relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope Hasking
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia
| | - Mark E Boyes
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia
| | - Amy Finlay-Jones
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia.,b Telethon Kids Institute , Perth , Western Australia
| | - Peter M McEvoy
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia.,c Centre for Clinical Interventions , Perth , Western Australia
| | - Clare S Rees
- a School of Psychology and Speech Pathology , Curtin University , Perth , Western Australia
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21
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Taliaferro LA, McMorris BJ, Rider GN, Eisenberg ME. Risk and Protective Factors for Self-Harm in a Population-Based Sample of Transgender Youth. Arch Suicide Res 2019; 23:203-221. [PMID: 29461934 PMCID: PMC6102088 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2018.1430639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to identify factors distinguishing transgender/gender non-conforming (GNC) adolescents across three groups: no self-harm, non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) only, and NSSI and suicide attempt (NSSI + SA). Data were from the 2016 Minnesota Student Survey. The final analytic sample included 1,635 transgender/GNC students in grades 9 and 11. Logistic regression analyses determined factors that best distinguished transgender/GNC students who reported self-harm (NSSI only or NSSI + SA) from those who reported no self-harm, and transgender/GNC adolescents who reported NSSI + SA from those who reported NSSI only. Final models were developed over 3 stages of analysis that tested associations of variables within risk factor, protective factor, and health-risk behavior domains to self-harm. Over half (51.6%) of transgender/GNC adolescents reported past-year self-harm behavior. Factors that consistently distinguished transgender/GNC youth who reported self-harm from those who reported no self-harm included reports of a mental health problem, depression, running away from home, and substance use (alcohol or marijuana use). Factors that distinguished the NSSI + SA group from the NSSI only group were reports of a mental health problem, physical or sexual abuse, relationship violence, bullying victimization, less parent connectedness, lower grades, lower levels of perceived school safety, and running away from home. Clinicians and school personnel need to be prepared to address risk factors and enhance protective factors that may reduce the likelihood this population of vulnerable youth will engage in NSSI and/or attempt suicide.
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22
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Jiang Y, Ren Y, Liang Q, You J. The moderating role of trait hope in the association between adolescent depressive symptoms and nonsuicidal self-injury. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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23
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Gillies D, Christou MA, Dixon AC, Featherston OJ, Rapti I, Garcia-Anguita A, Villasis-Keever M, Reebye P, Christou E, Al Kabir N, Christou PA. Prevalence and Characteristics of Self-Harm in Adolescents: Meta-Analyses of Community-Based Studies 1990-2015. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:733-741. [PMID: 30274648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide meta-analytic estimates of self-harm from all community-based studies of adolescents from 1990 through 2015, estimates of suicidal risk, and characteristics including age profile, frequency, types, seeking help, and reasons. METHOD Databases, bibliographies, and the internet were searched for cross-sectional and cohort studies of 12- to 18-year-olds. Meta-analytic estimates of the prevalence and characteristics of self-harm, risk of suicidal behaviors, and rates comparing different methods were calculated. RESULTS One hundred seventy-two datasets reporting self-harm in 597,548 participants from 41 countries were included. Overall lifetime prevalence was 16.9% (95% CI 15.1-18.9), with rates increasing to 2015. Girls were more likely to self-harm (risk ratio 1.72, 95% CI 1.57-1.88). The mean age of starting self-harm was 13 years, with 47% reporting only 1 or 2 episodes and cutting being the most common type (45%). The most frequent reason was relief from thoughts or feelings. Slightly more than half sought help, but for most this was from a friend. Suicidal ideation (risk ratio 4.97) and attempts (risk ratio 9.14) were significantly higher in adolescents who self-harmed, but this was higher with more frequent self-harm. Methodologic factors also were associated with higher rates of self-harm. CONCLUSION Interventions that can lower suicidal risk should be made available to adolescents who self-harm frequently as soon as possible. Preventative interventions that help adolescents deal with negative feelings should be instituted at the onset of puberty. Because friends are frequently asked for support, interventions also should be developed for peer groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Gillies
- Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Iro Rapti
- University Hospital of Ioannina, Greece
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24
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Perceived effectiveness of NSSI in achieving functions on severity and suicide risk. Psychiatry Res 2018; 265:144-150. [PMID: 29709788 PMCID: PMC5984167 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) continues to be a psychiatric problem for youth and young adults, and is a robust risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Research has established that NSSI is motivated by intrapersonal and interpersonal functions; however, research on the perceived effectiveness of NSSI for achieving the desired functions is lacking. In the current study, it was expected that using NSSI to achieve intrapersonal functions would be rated as more effective than interpersonal functions, and that perceived effectiveness of NSSI would be differentially related to NSSI severity and suicide risk outcomes. In a sample of 264 adults with lifetime NSSI history (over 70% past year), intrapersonal functions were endorsed more than interpersonal functions, and were rated as significantly more effective. Overall, perceived effectiveness of NSSI for intrapersonal functions was significantly and positively predictive of NSSI severity, while interpersonal functions were significantly and negatively related. Perceived effectiveness of NSSI for intrapersonal functions, but not interpersonal functions, were significantly predictive of more frequent and intense suicide ideation and greater likelihood of suicide plans and attempts. Results highlight the importance of assessing the perceived effectiveness of NSSI for specific functions in identifying individuals at risk for more severe NSSI and suicide.
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25
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Morales JJ, Buser TJ, Farag MS. Comparison of Brief Measures of the Prevalence of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in a Nonclinical Sample of Young Adults. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.17744/mehc.40.2.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the past-year prevalence rates of nonsuicidal self-injury produced by a behavioral checklist assessment and a single-item measure. In order to extend previous research on differences in prevalence rates across research samples, we employed both assessment types within a single sample of young adults (N = 433). Moreover, as an indicator of convergent validity, those rates were analyzed in association with participants' depression and anxiety scores. Findings indicated that the checklist assessment, relative to the single-item measure, produced a substantially higher prevalence rate, thereby providing greater evidence for the validity of its outcomes on the basis of convergence.
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26
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Is the first cut really the deepest? Frequency and recency of nonsuicidal self-injury in relation to psychopathology and dysregulation. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:392-397. [PMID: 29120848 PMCID: PMC5767158 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Research on nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has moved beyond examination of factors that associate with the mere presence or absence of the behavior, and into more nuanced examination of which discrete features of NSSI behavior relate to pathology. This study examined two features of NSSI, frequency of occurrence and recency, as cross-sectional predictors of psychopathology in a large community sample of adults with a history of NSSI (N = 315). Results of 2 × 2 factorial ANOVAs testing the interactive effects of NSSI frequency (clinical, subclinical) and recency (current, past) revealed that current NSSI was consistently associated with poorer emotional and behavioral health (e.g., greater symptoms of depression, panic, and anxiety, worse emotion regulation, greater alcohol misuse). Results for NSSI frequency were more variable, though preliminary evidence suggested significant interactions of current NSSI and clinical frequency on emotion dysregulation, general anxiety, and panic. Possible clinical and empirical implications of the NSSI disorder frequency criteria proposed in DSM-5 are discussed.
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27
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Emery AA, Heath NL, Mills DJ. The Role of Basic Need Satisfaction in the Onset, Maintenance, and Cessation of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: An Application of Self-Determination Theory. Arch Suicide Res 2017; 21:413-424. [PMID: 27439328 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2016.1211043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study applied self-determination theory to examine the onset, maintenance, and cessation of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents. Specifically, the study examined the relationship between the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness, and NSSI status. Participants were classified into the NSSI Maintain (n = 30), NSSI Start (n = 44), NSSI Stop (n = 21), or Control (n = 98) groups based on NSSI status over 2 time points within a 12-month period. Repeated measures multiple analysis of variance was employed. Satisfaction of the need for competence decreased over time in all adolescents. Adolescents who maintained NSSI behavior reported significantly lower levels of need satisfaction compared to adolescents reporting no history of NSSI engagement, and adolescents who began NSSI over the course of the study reported significantly lower levels of need satisfaction compared to those reporting no history of NSSI engagement. The findings suggest that need satisfaction varies as a function of NSSI status.
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Jarvi SM, Swenson LP, Batejan KL. Motivation for and use of social networking sites: Comparisons among college students with and without histories of non-suicidal self-injury. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2017; 65:306-312. [PMID: 28362222 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1312410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research examines potential differences in social network use and motivation for social network use by non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) status. PARTICIPANTS 367 (73% women; Mage = 20.60) college students were recruited in November-December 2011. METHODS A random sample of 2,500 students was accessed through a university registrar to recruit students interested in an online survey assessing NSSI and various health-related behaviors. RESULTS Social network use and motivations for social networks did not differ by NSSI status. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that it is not patterns of use or motivation to use social networks that could lead to concern about online behavior (i.e., behavior increasing risk of future NSSI) among those with NSSI history. Rather, future preventive and intervention efforts should address the NSSI-related content that is available online, since this is unregulated, often explicit, and commonly includes "pro-NSSI" content that may be problematic and increase risk among vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lance P Swenson
- a Department of Psychology , Suffolk University , Boston , MA , USA
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29
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Turner BJ, Wakefield MA, Gratz KL, Chapman AL. Characterizing Interpersonal Difficulties Among Young Adults Who Engage in Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Using a Daily Diary. Behav Ther 2017; 48:366-379. [PMID: 28390499 PMCID: PMC5505726 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Compared to people who have never engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), people with a history of NSSI report multiple interpersonal problems. Theories propose that these interpersonal difficulties play a role in prompting and maintaining NSSI. The cross-sectional nature of most studies in this area limits our understanding of how day-to-day interpersonal experiences relate to the global interpersonal impairments observed among individuals with NSSI, and vice versa. This study compared young adults with (n=60) and without (n=56) recent, repeated NSSI on baseline and daily measures of interpersonal functioning during a 14-day daily diary study. Groups differed in baseline social anxiety, excessive reassurance seeking, and use of support seeking relative to other coping strategies, but did not differ in self-perceived interpersonal competence. In terms of day-to-day functioning, participants with (vs. without) NSSI had significantly less contact with their families and friends, perceived less support following interactions with friends, and were less likely to seek support to cope, regardless of level of negative affect. With the exception of contact with family members, these group differences in daily interpersonal functioning were accounted for by baseline levels of social anxiety and use of support seeking. Contrary to expectations, participants with NSSI had more frequent contact with their romantic partners, did not differ in perceptions of support in romantic relationships, and did not report more intense negative affect following negative interpersonal interactions. This study provides a novel test of recent interpersonal theories of NSSI using daily reports.
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Jarvi SM, Hearon BA, Batejan KL, Gironde S, Björgvinsson T. Relations Between Past-Week Physical Activity and Recent Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Treatment-Seeking Psychiatric Adults. J Clin Psychol 2016; 73:479-488. [PMID: 27391124 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This research study examines the relationship between past-week physical activity and recent (i.e., within the past 30 days) nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in a sample of treatment-seeking adults. METHOD: Participants included 353 (49.29% female; mean age = 35.16 years) adults attending a partial hospitalization program for acute psychiatric issues. Data were extracted from the program's admission battery of computer-based self-report measures completed by each participant on the first treatment day. RESULTS Participants with a recent history of NSSI (i.e., within the past 30 days) engaged in significantly less past-week physical activity than those without a history of NSSI. Group differences remained significant while controlling for anxiety, but not depression. CONCLUSION Results suggest that, on average, individuals who have never engaged in NSSI exercise more in the week prior to entering the partial hospital program than those who have a recent history of NSSI. Regular physical activity may be an interesting area of study to explore as a promising adjunctive intervention for NSSI (e.g., vigorous exercise as a way to tolerate distress and manage urges to self-injure).
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Nicolai KA, Wielgus MD, Mezulis A. Identifying Risk for Self-Harm: Rumination and Negative Affectivity in the Prospective Prediction of Nonsuicidal Self-Injury. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2016; 46:223-33. [PMID: 26317580 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) may function as a maladaptive strategy to regulate negative emotions, and individuals high in trait negative affectivity (NA) may be particularly at risk. Rumination, a cognitive emotion regulation strategy, may amplify negative affect, increasing the likelihood of NSSI. The current study found that high NA and high rumination interacted to predict both likelihood of engagement in NSSI and frequency of NSSI. This study provides support for the joint contribution of cognitive and temperamental factors impacting the relationship between NA and NSSI and suggests that interventions targeted at maladaptive emotion regulation strategies may help inform individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katey Anne Nicolai
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Madeline D Wielgus
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy Mezulis
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA, USA
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32
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Emery AA, Heath NL, Mills DJ. Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction, Emotion Dysregulation, and Non-suicidal Self-Injury Engagement in Young Adults: An Application of Self-Determination Theory. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 45:612-23. [PMID: 26685906 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0405-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a public health concern that affects young adults at alarming rates. The present study examines the role of satisfaction of self-determination theory's three basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness in young adults' NSSI engagement. University students who reported ever having engaged in NSSI (n = 40, 85 % female; Mage = 20.10, SD = 1.66) reported significantly lower levels of the satisfaction of all three needs, as well as more difficulties with all aspects of emotion regulation (non-acceptance of emotional responses, difficulty engaging in goal directed behavior, impulse control, lack of emotional awareness, limited access to regulation strategies, lack of emotional clarity), compared to students with no history of NSSI (n = 46, 91 % female; Mage = 19.79, SD = 1.37). Results of a logistic regression analysis revealed that need satisfaction added to the prediction of NSSI group membership after controlling for the effects of emotion regulation. Satisfaction of the need for competence and limited access to emotion regulation strategies accounted for significant variance in NSSI in the final model. The findings suggest that self-determination theory may be a useful framework under which to conceptualize NSSI and that the need for competence may be particularly salient for University students.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ann Emery
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish St, Montreal, QC, H3A 1Y2, Canada.
| | - Nancy L Heath
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish St, Montreal, QC, H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Devin J Mills
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 McTavish St, Montreal, QC, H3A 1Y2, Canada
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