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Kim MS, Kim HJ, Jin HJ. Genetic association between ADRB2 rs1042713 and elite athletic performances in the Korean population. Gene 2024; 896:148037. [PMID: 38036078 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Athletic performance is a multifactorial trait influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Previous studies have identified various genes associated with athletic performance, including the β2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene, which has been consistently shown to be linked with elite athletic performance in diverse populations. The ADRB2 gene is known to play a key role in various biological systems, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, metabolic, and musculoskeletal functions. It acts by interacting with adrenaline. In particular, the ADRB2 rs1042713 (A > G) polymorphism has been associated with cardiovascular and respiratory functions. In addition, the association between the ADRB2 rs1042713 polymorphism and athletic performance has been reported. Thus, we conducted a case-control study to analyze the genetic association with ADRB2 rs1042713 polymorphism with 150 elite athletes, 116 college athletes, and 145 controls (control I) in the Korean population. The genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP. As a result, we found significant differences in the distributions of genotype (p = 0.005) and allele (p = 0.002) frequencies between elite athletes and the control Ⅱ (control I + college athletes). We also found that the ADRB2 rs1042713 G/G genotype [odds ratio (OR) 2.42, 95% CI 1.384-4.235, p = 0.002] and the G allele (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.184-2.098, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with elite athletic performance. Additionally, we observed a gender-specific association in female elite athletic performance (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0002, respectively). In conclusion, our results suggest that the ADRB2 rs1042713 polymorphism may be associated with elite athletic performance in the Korean population. To validate these findings, additional studies with larger samples, including elite athletes from various sports types and diverse ethnic origins are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Han Jun Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea.
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Silva HH, Tavares V, Neto BV, Cerqueira F, Medeiros R, Silva MRG. FAAH rs324420 Polymorphism: Biological Pathways, Impact on Elite Athletic Performance and Insights for Sport Medicine. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1946. [PMID: 37895295 PMCID: PMC10606937 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene variation linked to physiological functions is recognised to affect elite athletic performance by modulating training and competition-enabling behaviour. The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) has been investigated as a good candidate for drug targeting, and recently, its single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs324420 was reported to be associated with athletic performance. Given the implications, the biological pathways of this genetic polymorphism linked to elite athletic performance, considering sport type, psychological traits and sports injuries, need to be dissected. Thus, a narrative review of the literature concerning the biological mechanisms of this SNP was undertaken. In addition to its role in athletic performance, FAAH rs324420 is also involved in important mechanisms underlying human psychopathologies, including substance abuse and neural dysfunctions. However, cumulative evidence concerning the C385A variant is inconsistent. Therefore, validation studies considering homogeneous sports modalities are required to better define the role of this SNP in elite athletic performance and its impact on stress coping, pain regulation and inflammation control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo-Henrique Silva
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Portuguese Ministry of Education, 1399-025 Lisbon, Portugal
- Leixões Sport Clube, Senior Female Volleyball Team, 4450-277 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.V.N.); (F.C.)
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Vieira Neto
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.V.N.); (F.C.)
- LPCC, Research Department-Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC-NRN), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Cerqueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.V.N.); (F.C.)
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, CEBIMED and Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal;
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.V.N.); (F.C.)
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- LPCC, Research Department-Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC-NRN), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, CEBIMED and Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal;
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SVIPO Porto Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel G. Silva
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, CEBIMED and Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal;
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health-Human Biology, Health and Society, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, 1150-090 Lisboa, Portugal
- Scientific Committee of the Gymnastics Federation of Portugal, 1600-159 Lisboa, Portugal
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Silva HH, Tavares V, Silva MRG, Neto BV, Cerqueira F, Medeiros R. Association of FAAH rs324420 (C385A) Polymorphism with High-Level Performance in Volleyball Players. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1164. [PMID: 37372343 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants are recognized to affect athletic performance, partially by modulating competition-facilitating behavior. In this study, the role of three genetic variants previously linked to athlete status was investigated among elite volleyball players. A total of 228 players (26.7 ± 8.1 years old) participating in the Portuguese championship and with multiple medalists in national and international competitions were evaluated in terms of anthropometrics, training regime, sports experience, and a history of sports lesions. SNP genotyping was conducted by means of TaqMan® Allelic Discrimination Methodology. Volleyball players showed significantly different anthropometric indicators and training habits according to sex (p < 0.05). The A allele of the genetic variant Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) rs324420 (C385A) was shown to be significantly associated with superior athletic achievements under a dominant genetic model (AA/AC vs. CC, odds ratio (OR) = 1.70; 95% Cl, 0.93-3.13; p = 0.026; p < 0.001 after Bootstrap), which was corroborated by a multivariable analysis (AA/AC vs. CC adjusted OR = 2.00; 95% Cl, 1.04-3.82; p = 0.037). Age and hand length were also found to be independently associated with high-level performance (p < 0.05). Our results confirm the role of FAAH in athletic performance. More investigation into this polymorphism's potential impact on stress coping, pain, and inflammation regulation in sport, particularly in the scope of lesions prevention and treatment, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo-Henrique Silva
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Portuguese Ministry of Education, 1399-025 Lisboa, Portugal
- Senior Rink-Hockey Team, Uniao Desportiva Oliveirense-Simoldes, 3720-256 Oliveira de Azemeis, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel G Silva
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health-Human Biology, Health and Society, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, 1150-090 Lisboa, Portugal
- Scientific Committee of the Gymnastics Federation of Portugal, 1600-159 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Vieira Neto
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Cerqueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, University Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SVIPO Porto Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- LPCC, Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC-NRN), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
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Hall ECR, Lockey SJ, Heffernan SM, Herbert AJ, Stebbings GK, Day SH, Collins M, Pitsiladis YP, Erskine RM, Williams AG. The PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphism is associated with elite long-distance running performance. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:56-62. [PMID: 37012221 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2195737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Success in long-distance running relies on multiple factors including oxygen utilisation and lactate metabolism, and genetic associations with athlete status suggest elite competitors are heritably predisposed to superior performance. The Gly allele of the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser rs8192678 polymorphism has been associated with endurance athlete status and favourable aerobic training adaptations. However, the association of this polymorphism with performance amongst long-distance runners remains unclear. Accordingly, this study investigated whether rs8192678 was associated with elite status and competitive performance of long-distance runners. Genomic DNA from 656 Caucasian participants including 288 long-distance runners (201 men, 87 women) and 368 non-athletes (285 men, 83 women) was analysed. Medians of the 10 best UK times (Top10) for 10 km, half-marathon and marathon races were calculated, with all included athletes having personal best (PB) performances within 20% of Top10 (this study's definition of "elite"). Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between athletes and non-athletes, and athlete PB compared between genotypes. There were no differences in genotype frequency between athletes and non-athletes, but athlete Ser allele carriers were 2.5% faster than Gly/Gly homozygotes (p = 0.030). This study demonstrates that performance differences between elite long-distance runners are associated with rs8192678 genotype, with the Ser allele appearing to enhance performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott C R Hall
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sarah J Lockey
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - Shane M Heffernan
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Adam J Herbert
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgina K Stebbings
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen H Day
- School of Medicine and Clinical Practice, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Malcolm Collins
- Health through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS), Department of Human Biology, and the International Federation of Sports Medicine (FIMS) Collaborative Centre of Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- Centre for Stress and Age-related Disease, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
- Centre for Exercise Sciences and Sports Medicine, FIMS Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert M Erskine
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alun G Williams
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A-STEM), Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Peña-Vázquez O, Enriquez-del Castillo LA, González-Chávez SA, Güereca-Arvizuo J, Candia Lujan R, Carrasco Legleu CE, Cervantes Hernández N, Pacheco-Tena C. Prevalence of Polymorphism and Post-Training Expression of ACTN3 (R/X) and ACE (I/D) Genes in CrossFit Athletes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4404. [PMID: 36901413 PMCID: PMC10001917 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CrossFit is known as a functional fitness training high-intensity exercise to improve physical performance. The most studied polymorphisms are the ACTN3 R577X gene, known for speed, power, and strength, and ACE I/D, related to endurance and strength. The present investigation analyzed the effects of training on ACTN3 and ACE gene expression in CrossFit athletes for 12 weeks. METHODS the studies included 18 athletes from the Rx category, where ACTN3 (RR, RX, XX) and ACE (II, ID, DD) characterization of genotypes and tests of maximum strength (NSCA), power (T-Force), and aerobic endurance (Course Navette) were performed. The technique used was the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) for the relative expression analysis. RESULTS the relative quantification (RQ) values for the ACTN3 gene increased their levels 2.3 times (p = 0.035), and for ACE, they increased 3.0 times (p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS there is an overexpression of the ACTN3 and ACE genes due to the effect of training for 12 weeks. Additionally, the correlation of the expression of the ACTN3 (p = 0.040) and ACE (p = 0.030) genes with power was verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Peña-Vázquez
- Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | | | - Susana Aideé González-Chávez
- PABIOM Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico
| | - Jaime Güereca-Arvizuo
- Department of Health Sciences, Multidisciplinary Division of Ciudad Universitaria, Autonomous University of Cd. Juárez, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico
| | - Ramon Candia Lujan
- Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - Claudia Esther Carrasco Legleu
- Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - Natanael Cervantes Hernández
- Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico
| | - César Pacheco-Tena
- PABIOM Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Chihuahua, Campus II, Circuito Universitario S/N, Chihuahua 31109, Mexico
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Yang S, Lin W, Jia M, Chen H. Association between ACE and ACTN3 genes polymorphisms and athletic performance in elite and sub-elite Chinese youth male football players. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14893. [PMID: 36992938 PMCID: PMC10042156 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown controversial relationships between ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577x polymorphisms and athletic performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess athletic performance indicators of Chinese youth male football players with different ACE and ACTN3 gene profiles. Methods and Materials This study recruited 73 elite (26 13-year-olds, 28 14-year-olds, and 19 15-year-olds) and 69 sub-elite (37 13-year-olds, 19 14-year-olds, and 13 15-year-olds) and 107 controls (63 13-year-olds, and 44 14-year olds aged 13-15 years, all participants were of Chinese Han origin. We measured height, body mass, thigh circumference, speed, explosive power, repeat sprints ability, and aerobic endurance in elite and sub-elite players. We used single nucleotide polymorphism technology to detect controls elite and sub-elite players' ACE and ACTN3 genotypes, Chi-squared (χ 2) tests were employed to test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. χ 2 tests were also used to observe the association between the genotype distribution and allele frequencies between controls and elite and sub-elite players. The differences in parameters between the groups were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and a Bonferroni's post-hoc test, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results (1) The genotype distribution of the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577x polymorphisms in controls, elite and sub-elite football players were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, except for the ACE genotype distribution of sub-elite players. (2) The RR and DD genotypes were significantly different between elite and sub-elite players (p = 0.024 and p = 0.02, respectively). (3) Elite players were more likely to have the RR genotype and less likely to have the DD genotype compared with sub-elite players. (4) Both elite and sub-elite RR players' Yo-yo intermittent recovery level 1 (YYIR1) running distance was significantly longer than that of RX players (p = 0.05 and p = 0.025, respectively). However, there was no significantly different in YYIR1 running distance between elite and sub-elite RR players. (5) Elite XX players' VO2 max was significantly higher than that of RX and sub-elite players. Conclusion These results indicate that ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577x polymorphisms are not associated with muscle power in Chinese elite and sub-elite players. The XX genotype of ACTN3 is associated with the aerobic endurance of elite players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nan Jing, China
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Wentao Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Zhuhai University of Science and Technology, Zhuhai, China
| | - Mengmeng Jia
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fu Zhou, China
| | - Haichun Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Fujian Normal University, Fu Zhou, China
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Genetic profiles to identify talents in elite endurance athletes and professional football players. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274880. [PMID: 36112609 PMCID: PMC9480996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic profile that is needed to identify talents has been studied extensively in recent years. The main objective of this investigation was to approach, for the first time, the study of genetic variants in several polygenic profiles and their role in elite endurance and professional football performance by comparing the allelic and genotypic frequencies to the non-athlete population. In this study, genotypic and allelic frequencies were determined in 452 subjects: 292 professional athletes (160 elite endurance athletes and 132 professional football players) and 160 non-athlete subjects. Genotyping of polymorphisms in liver metabolisers (CYP2D6, GSTM1, GSTP and GSTT), iron metabolism and energy efficiency (HFE, AMPD1 and PGC1a), cardiorespiratory fitness (ACE, NOS3, ADRA2A, ADRB2 and BDKRB2) and muscle injuries (ACE, ACTN3, AMPD1, CKM and MLCK) was performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Nucleotide Primer Extension (PCR-SNPE). The combination of the polymorphisms for the “optimal” polygenic profile was quantified using the genotype score (GS) and total genotype score (TGS). Statistical differences were found in the genetic distributions between professional athletes and the non-athlete population in liver metabolism, iron metabolism and energy efficiency, and muscle injuries (p<0.001). The binary logistic regression model showed a favourable OR (odds ratio) of being a professional athlete against a non-athlete in liver metabolism (OR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.28–3.01; p = 0.002), iron metabolism and energy efficiency (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.42–3.43; p < 0.001), and muscle injuries (OR: 2.70; 95% CI: 1.75–4.16; p < 0.001) in the polymorphisms studied. Genetic distribution in professional athletes as regards endurance (professional cyclists and elite runners) and professional football players shows genetic selection in these sports disciplines.
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Silva HH, Tavares V, Silva MRG, Neto BV, Cerqueira F, Medeiros R. FAAH rs324420 Polymorphism Is Associated with Performance in Elite Rink-Hockey Players. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071076. [PMID: 36101457 PMCID: PMC9312224 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors are among the major contributors to athletic performance. Although more than 150 genetic variants have been correlated with elite athlete status, genetic foundations of competition-facilitating behavior influencing elite performances are still scarce. This is the first study designed to examine the distribution of genetic determinants in the athletic performance of elite rink-hockey players. A total of 116 of the world’s top best rink-hockey players (28.2 ± 8.7 years old; more than 50% are cumulatively from the best four world teams and the best five Portuguese teams), who participated at the elite level in the National Rink-Hockey Championship in Portugal, were evaluated in anthropometric indicators/measurements, training conditions, sport experience and sport injuries history. Seven genetic polymorphisms were analyzed. Polymorphism genotyping was performed using the TaqMan® Allelic Discrimination Methodology. Rink-hockey players demonstrated significantly different characteristics according to sex, namely anthropometrics, training habits, sports injuries and genetic variants, such as Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) rs731236 (p < 0.05). The Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) rs324420 A allele was significantly associated with improved athletic performance (AA/AC vs. CC, OR = 2.80; 95% Cl, 1.23−6.35; p = 0.014; p = 0.008 after Bootstrap) and confirmed as an independent predictor among elite rink-hockey players (adjusted OR = 2.88; 95% Cl, 1.06−7.80; p = 0.038). Our results open an interesting link from FAAH-related biology to athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo-Henrique Silva
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Portuguese Ministry of Education, 1399-025 Lisbon, Portugal
- Senior Rink-Hockey Team, União Desportiva Oliveirense-Simoldes, 3720-256 Oliveira de Azemeis, Portugal
- Correspondence: (H.-H.S.); (M.-R.G.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Valéria Tavares
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.V.N.); (F.C.)
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria-Raquel G. Silva
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, CEBIMED and Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health—Human Biology, Health and Society, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- CHRC-Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Nova Medical School, Nova University of Lisbon, 1150-090 Lisbon, Portugal
- Scientific Committee of the Gymnastics Federation of Portugal, 1600-159 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (H.-H.S.); (M.-R.G.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Beatriz Vieira Neto
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.V.N.); (F.C.)
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Cerqueira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.V.N.); (F.C.)
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, CEBIMED and Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)/RISE@CI-IPOP, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (B.V.N.); (F.C.)
- FMUP-Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, CEBIMED and Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Dep., Clinical Pathology SVIPO Porto Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- LPCC, Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC—NRN), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (H.-H.S.); (M.-R.G.S.); (R.M.)
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9
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Development and test–retest reliability of the Combat Sports Post-Career Health Questionnaire (CSPCHQ). Br J Nutr 2022; 129:1827-1839. [PMID: 35610735 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522001659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The long-term impact of weight cycling on health status, eating habits, physical activity and the lifestyle of former combat sports athletes is still insufficiently explored. Therefore, a novel questionnaire in English, Portuguese, Spanish and Croatian language was constructed. To determine the reliability and the content/face validity, a total of 110 participants filled the questionnaire on two occasions. With the majority of intra-class correlation coefficient values above 0·75, the questionnaire items were shown to be very stable. Additionally, according to κ values, the questionnaire has fair test–retest reliability, with only one coefficient being labelled as poor (Q40 in ESP). All questionnaire sub-scales showed moderate to very good internal consistency when the overall sample was observed (α ranging from 0·605 to 0·802). Poor α values were found only in Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire for CRO and ESP samples. Wilcoxon’s signed rank test showed significant differences only in the Mindful Eating Questionnaire sub-scale scores (overall: P = 0·002, effect size = −0·208 [moderate]; CRO: P = 0·005, effect size = 0·303 [moderate]). It can be concluded that the newly developed questionnaire had strong test–retest reliability. Further validity research in a larger sample of former combat sports athletes should be considered.
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10
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Yang R, Jin F, Wang L, Shen X, Guo Q, Song H, Hu J, Zhao Q, Wan J, Cai M. Prediction and Identification of Power Performance Using Polygenic Models of Three Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Chinese Elite Athletes. Front Genet 2021; 12:726552. [PMID: 34691150 PMCID: PMC8532995 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.726552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The manuscript aims to explore the relationship between power performance and SNPs of Chinese elite athletes and to create polygenic models. Methods: One hundred three Chinese elite athletes were divided into the power group (n = 60) and endurance group (n = 43) by their sports event. Best standing long jump (SLJ) and standing vertical jump (SVJ) were collected. Twenty SNPs were genotyped by SNaPshot. Genotype distribution and allele frequency were compared between groups. Additional genotype data of 125 Chinese elite athletes were used to verify the screened SNPs. Predictive and identifying models were established by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: ACTN3 (rs1815739), ADRB3 (rs4994), CNTFR (rs2070802), and PPARGC1A (rs8192678) were significantly different in genotype distribution or allele frequency between groups (p < 0.05). The predictive model consisted of ACTN3 (rs1815739), ADRB3 (rs4994), and PPARGC1A (rs8192678), the area under curve (AUC) of which was 0.736. The identifying model consisted of body mass index (BMI), standing vertical jump (SVJ), ACTN3, ADRB3, and PPARGC1A, the area under curve (AUC) of which was 0.854. Based on the two models, nomograms were created to visualize the results. Conclusion: Two models can be used for talent identification in Chinese athletes, among which the predictive model can be used in adolescent athletes to predict development potential of power performance and the identifying one can be used in elite athletes to evaluate power athletic status. These can be applied quickly and visually by using nomograms. When the score is more than the 130 or 148 cutoff, it suggests that the athlete has a good development potential or a high level for power performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Yang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Jin
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyan Wang
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunzhang Shen
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Talent Identification and Development, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Center), Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Guo
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihan Song
- Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Central Lab, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- National Center for Gene Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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11
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Appel M, Zentgraf K, Krüger K, Alack K. Effects of Genetic Variation on Endurance Performance, Muscle Strength, and Injury Susceptibility in Sports: A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2021; 12:694411. [PMID: 34366884 PMCID: PMC8334364 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.694411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of genetic variations and polymorphisms on endurance performance, muscle strength and injury susceptibility in competitive sports. The electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science were searched for eligible studies. The study quality was assessed using the RoBANS tool. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) human study in English or German; (2) published in the period 2015–2019; (3) investigation of an association between genetic variants and endurance performance and/or muscle strength and/or endurance/strength training status as well as ligament, tendon, or muscle injuries; (4) participants aged 18–60 years and national or international competition participation; (5) comparison with a control group. Nineteen studies and one replication study were identified. Results revealed that the IGF-1R 275124 A>C rs1464430 polymorphism was overrepresented in endurance trained athletes. Further, genotypes of PPARGC1A polymorphism correlated with performance in endurance exercise capacity tests in athletes. Moreover, the RR genotype of ACTN3 R577X polymorphism, the C allele of IGF-1R polymorphism and the gene variant FTO T>A rs9939609 and/or their AA genotype were linked to muscle strength. In addition, gene variants of MCT1 (T1470A rs1049434) and ACVR1B (rs2854464) were also positively associated with strength athletes. Among others, the gene variants of the MMP group (rs591058 and rs679620) as well as the polymorphism COL5A1 rs13946 were associated with susceptibility to injuries of competitive athletes. Based on the identified gene variants, individualized training programs for injury prevention and optimization of athletic performance could be created for competitive athletes using gene profiling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Appel
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Karen Zentgraf
- Department of Exercise and Movement Science, Institute of Sports Sciences, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katharina Alack
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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12
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Fichna JP, Humińska-Lisowska K, Safranow K, Adamczyk JG, Cięszczyk P, Żekanowski C, Berdyński M. Rare Variant in the SLC6A2 Encoding a Norepinephrine Transporter Is Associated with Elite Athletic Performance in the Polish Population. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060919. [PMID: 34203885 PMCID: PMC8232774 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous genetic factors have been shown to influence athletic performance, but the list is far from comprehensive. In this study, we analyzed genetic variants in two genes related to mental abilities, SLC6A2 (rs1805065) and SYNE1 (rs2635438) in a group of 890 athletes (320 endurance, 265 power, and 305 combat athletes) vs. 1009 sedentary controls. Genotyping of selected SNPs was performed using TaqMan SNP genotyping assays. SLC6A2 codes for norepinephrine transporter, a protein involved in modulating mood, arousal, memory, learning, and pain perception, while SYNE1 encodes protein important for the maintenance of the cerebellum—the part of the brain that coordinates complex body movements. Both SNPs (rs2635438 and rs1805065) showed no statistically significant differences between the frequencies of variants in the athletes and the sedentary controls (athletes vs. control group) or in the athlete subgroups (martial vs. control, endurance vs. control, and power vs. control). The rs1805065 T variant of SLC6A2 was found to be overrepresented in male high-elite martial sports athletes when compared to sedentary controls (OR = 6.56, 95%CI = 1.82–23.59, p = 0.010). This supports the hypothesis that genetic variants potentially affecting brain functioning can influence elite athletic performance and indicate the need for further genetic association studies, as well as functional analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub P. Fichna
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.P.F.); (C.Ż.)
| | - Kinga Humińska-Lisowska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (K.H.-L.); (P.C.)
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Jakub G. Adamczyk
- Department of Theory of Sport, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, 00-968 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Cięszczyk
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland; (K.H.-L.); (P.C.)
| | - Cezary Żekanowski
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.P.F.); (C.Ż.)
| | - Mariusz Berdyński
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (J.P.F.); (C.Ż.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-226-086-485
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13
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Ipekoglu G, Bulbul A, Cakir HI. A meta-analysis on the association of ACE and PPARA gene variants and endurance athletic status. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:795-802. [PMID: 34028240 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12417-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetics has an important role in determining the athletic ability and endurance performance potential. This study aimed to investigate the variable results obtained from endurance athletes and control participants in terms of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA) polymorphism distributions. METHODS Multiple electronic databases were investigated independently by two researchers. A meta-analysis was conducted on the association of ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and PPARA G/C polymorphisms with endurance athletes. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Twenty-six studies were identified for the ACE I/D for 2979 endurance athletes and 10048 control participants while seven studies were identified for PPARA G/C for 901 endurance athletes and 2292 control participants. RESULTS There was a significant difference in ACE genotype distribution between endurance athletes and control (II vs. ID+DD: OR=1.48; 95% CI=0.30-2.67; p=0.001). On the other hand, there was no a significant difference in PPARA G/C polymorphism genotype distribution between endurance athletes and control (GC+CC vs. GG: OR=0.93; 95% CI=-0.46-2.32; p=0.192; GC+GG vs CC: OR=0.62; 95% CI=-1.75-2.99; p=0.604). CONCLUSIONS The results have shown that ACE I/D polymorphism may be associated with endurance performance in sports and that the predominance of the ACE II genotype in a person may play an advantageous role in being an endurance athlete. However, this effect has not been observed in PPARA G/C polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alpay Bulbul
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Halil I Cakir
- High School of Physical Education and Sports, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey -
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14
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Corpas M, Megy K, Mistry V, Metastasio A, Lehmann E. Whole Genome Interpretation for a Family of Five. Front Genet 2021; 12:535123. [PMID: 33763108 PMCID: PMC7982663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.535123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although best practices have emerged on how to analyse and interpret personal genomes, the utility of whole genome screening remains underdeveloped. A large amount of information can be gathered from various types of analyses via whole genome sequencing including pathogenicity screening, genetic risk scoring, fitness, nutrition, and pharmacogenomic analysis. We recognize different levels of confidence when assessing the validity of genetic markers and apply rigorous standards for evaluation of phenotype associations. We illustrate the application of this approach on a family of five. By applying analyses of whole genomes from different methodological perspectives, we are able to build a more comprehensive picture to assist decision making in preventative healthcare and well-being management. Our interpretation and reporting outputs provide input for a clinician to develop a healthcare plan for the individual, based on genetic and other healthcare data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Corpas
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Continuing Education Madingley Hall Madingley, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karyn Megy
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge & National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antonio Metastasio
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Lehmann
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Silva HH, Silva MRG, Cerqueira F, Tavares V, Medeiros R. Genomic profile in association with sport-type, sex, ethnicity, psychological traits and sport injuries of elite athletes: review and future perspectives. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2021; 62:418-434. [PMID: 33666074 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the last few years, some inherited determinants have been associated with elite athletic performance, but its polygenic trait character has limited the correct definition of elite athlete's genomic profile. This qualitative descriptive study aims to summarise the current understanding about genetic and epigenetic factors in elite athletes, as well as their genomic profile in association with sport-type, sex, ethnicity, psychological traits and sport injuries. A narrative review of the literature across a broad cross-section of the elite athletes' genomic profile was undertaken. Elite performance relies on rare gene variants within a great interface between molecular, cellular and behavioural sport-related phenotypes and the environment, which is still poorly understood. ACTN3 rs1815739 and ACE I/D polymorphisms appear to be associated to specific sprint phenotypes and influence the athletic status, i.e., the rs1815739 variant is more influential to 200-m performance and the ACE ID polymorphism is more involved in the longer, 400-m sprint performance. Generally, athletes show endurance-based sports characteristics or power-based sports characteristics, but some studies have reported some genes associations to both sports-based characteristics. Furthermore, genetic studies with larger cohorts of single-sport athletes might be preferable than studies combining athletes of different sports, given the existence of distinct athlete profiles and sport demands. Athletic performance may be influenced by the serotonergic pathway and the potential injury risk (namely stress fracture) might be associated to a genetic predisposition associated to the mechanical loading from the intense physical exercise. The study of gene variants associated to sex and ethnicity-related to athletic performance needs further investigation. The combination of genome-wide association studies addressing the genetic architecture of athletes and the subsequent replication and validation studies might for additional genetic data is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo-Henrique Silva
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal - .,União Desportiva Oliveirense, Senior Rink-Hockey Team, Oliveira de Azeméis, Portugal - .,Portuguese Ministry of Education, Lisbon, Portugal -
| | - Maria-Raquel G Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,CIAS-Research Centre for Anthropology and Health - Human Biology, Health and Society, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Comprehensive Health Research Centre-Group of Sleep, Chronobiology and Sleep Disorders-Nova Medical School, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.,FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research Centre, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Cerqueira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research Centre, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Valéria Tavares
- ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,FMUP- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- FP-ENAS Research Unit, UFP Energy, Environment and Health Research Unit, CEBIMED, Biomedical Research Centre, Fernando Pessoa University, Porto, Portugal.,Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Virology Service, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,LPCC, Research Department - Portuguese League Against Cancer (LPPC - NRN), Porto, Portugal.,FMUP- Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Urzi F, Pokorny B, Buzan E. Pilot Study on Genetic Associations With Age-Related Sarcopenia. Front Genet 2021; 11:615238. [PMID: 33505434 PMCID: PMC7831746 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.615238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite strong evidence of an inheritable component of muscle phenotypes, little progress has been made in identifying the specific genetic factors involved in the development of sarcopenia. Even rarer are studies that focus on predicting the risk of sarcopenia based on a genetic risk score. In the present study, we tested the single and combined effect of seven candidate gene variants on the risk of sarcopenia. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes were genotyped using the KASP assay. We examined 190 older adults that were classified as non-sarcopenic or sarcopenic according to the diagnostic criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Sarcopenia was associated with Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Alpha-actinin-3, and Nuclear respiratory factor 2 genotypes. The combined effect of all three polymorphisms explained 39% of the interindividual variation in sarcopenia risk. Our results suggest that the single and combined effect of Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, Alpha-actinin-3, and Nuclear respiratory factor 2 polymorphism is associated with sarcopenia risk in older adults. Nowadays, as the population is getting older and older, great efforts are being made to research the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia. At the same time, small progress has been made in understanding the genetic etiology of sarcopenia. Given the importance of research on this disease, further genetic studies are needed to better understand the genetic risk underlying sarcopenia. We believe that this small-scale study will help to demonstrate that there is still much to be discovered in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Urzi
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Pokorny
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.,Environmental Protection College, Velenje, Slovenia
| | - Elena Buzan
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia.,Environmental Protection College, Velenje, Slovenia
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17
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Bosnyák E, Trájer E, Alszászi G, Móra Á, Györe I, Udvardy A, Tóth M, Szmodis M. Lack of association between the GNB3 rs5443, HIF1A rs11549465 polymorphisms, physiological and functional characteristics. Ann Hum Genet 2020; 84:393-399. [PMID: 32391916 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to examine the association between the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1A) gene and the guanine nucleotide binding protein beta polypeptide 3 (GNB3) gene polymorphisms and the endurance/power athlete status and relative aerobic capacity. Another goal of this study was to reveal the connection between GNB3, blood pressure (BP), body composition and body mass index (BMI). Two hundred thirty-eight people participated in this study: 148 elite athletes (men = 107, women = 41) and 90 controls (men = 51, women = 39). The athletes were divided into two groups: the power and the endurance athletes. BMI and body fat percentage (fat%) were calculated. Fifty of the athletes underwent an incremental treadmill test to exhaustion; BP was monitored before and after the test. There were differences in the genotype frequencies of HIF1A between the endurance and the control group (ProPro: 64% vs.79%, ProSer: 27% vs.19%, SerSer: 9% vs. 2%; p = .0351); in the allele prevalences among the three groups (Pro: 87% vs. 77% vs. 88%; Ser: 13% vs. 23% vs. 12%; p = .0103) and between the endurance and control group (p = .0049) as well. The GNB3 allele proportions differed in the three groups (C: 74% vs. 61% vs. 71%, T: 26% vs. 39% vs. 29%; p = .0436). There were no connections between the genotypes and the relative aerobic capacity and neither between GNB3 genotypes and BP, BMI and fat%. The connection of GNB3 T allele to the endurance performance still remained contradictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edit Bosnyák
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Trájer
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Alszászi
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ákos Móra
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Györe
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Udvardy
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Tóth
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Márta Szmodis
- Department of Health Sciences and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary
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18
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Varillas Delgado D, Tellería Orriols JJ, Monge Martín D, Del Coso J. Genotype scores in energy and iron-metabolising genes are higher in elite endurance athletes than in nonathlete controls. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1225-1231. [PMID: 32379996 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Information about the association of energy and iron-metabolising genes with endurance performance is scarce. The objective of this investigation was to compare the frequencies of polymorphic variations of genes involved in energy generation and iron metabolism in elite endurance athletes versus nonathlete controls. Genotype frequencies in 123 male elite endurance athletes (75 professional road cyclists and 48 elite endurance runners) and 122 male nonathlete participants were compared by assessing 4 genetic polymorphisms: AMPD1 c.34C/T (rs17602729), PPARGC1A c.1444G/A (rs8192678) HFEH63D c.187C/G (rs1799945) and HFEC282Y c.845G/A (rs1800562). A weighted genotype score (w-TGS; from 0 to 100 arbitrary units (a.u.)) was calculated by assigning a corresponding weight to each polymorphism. In the nonathlete population, the mean w-TGS value was lower (39.962 ± 14.654 a.u.) than in the group of elite endurance athletes (53.344 ± 17.053 a.u). The binary logistic regression analysis showed that participants with a w-TGS > 38.975 a.u had an odds ratio of 1.481 (95% confidence interval: 1.244-1.762; p < 0.001) for achieving elite athlete status. The genotypic distribution of polymorphic variations involved in energy generation and iron metabolism was different in elite endurance athletes vs. controls. Thus, an optimal genetic profile in these genes might contribute to physical endurance in athlete status. Novelty Genetic profile in energy generation and iron-metabolising genes in elite endurance athletes is different than that of nonathletes. There is an implication of an "optimal" genetic profile in the selected genes favouring endurance sporting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Varillas Delgado
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | | | - Diana Monge Martín
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Faculty of Medicine, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Juan Del Coso
- Rey Juan Carlos University, Centre for Sport Studies, Fuenlabrada, Madrid 28933, Spain
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19
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Petr M, Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Zajac A, Chycki J, Stastny P. Association of Elite Sports Status with Gene Variants of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors and Their Transcriptional Coactivator. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E162. [PMID: 31881714 PMCID: PMC6981913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the scientific literature regarding sports genomics has grown during the last decade, some genes, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), have not been fully described in terms of their role in achieving extraordinary sports performance. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to determine which elite sports performance constraints are positively influenced by PPARs and their coactivators. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used, with a combination of PPAR and sports keywords. RESULTS In total, 27 studies that referred to PPARs in elite athletes were included, where the Ala allele in PPARG rs1801282 was associated with strength and power elite athlete status in comparison to subelite athlete status. The C allele in PPARA rs4253778 was associated with soccer, and the G allele PPARA rs4253778 was associated with endurance elite athlete status. Other elite status endurance alleles were the Gly allele in PPARGC1A rs8192678 and the C allele PPARD rs2016520. CONCLUSIONS PPARs can be used for estimating the potential to achieve elite status in human physical performance in strength and power, team, and aerobic sports disciplines. Carrying specific PPAR alleles can provide a partial benefit to achieving elite sports status, but does not preclude achieving elite status if they are absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Petr
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Adam Zajac
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Z.)
| | - Jakub Chycki
- Department of Theory and Practice of Sport, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (A.Z.)
| | - Petr Stastny
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 162 52 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Zhang W, Liu H, Deng XD, Ma Y, Liu Y. FAAH levels and its genetic polymorphism association with susceptibility to methamphetamine dependence. Ann Hum Genet 2019; 84:259-270. [PMID: 31789429 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene was involved in the modulation of reward and addiction pathophysiology of illicit drugs abuse, and its polymorphisms might be associated with risk of methamphetamine (METH) dependence. This study aimed to investigate the FAAH mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma protein levels and to analyze the 385C/A polymorphism (rs324420) between METH-dependent patients and controls. The levels of FAAH mRNA in METH dependence were significantly lower than in controls (P < 0.001), however, its plasma protein underwent a significant ∼2-fold increase (P < 0.001). The A allele of the 385C/A polymorphism significantly increased the METH dependence risk (P < 0.001, odds ratio [OR] = 1.646, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.332-2.034). The carried A genotypes (AA, AC, and AA/AC) of 385C/A polymorphism also increased METH-dependence risks under a different genetic model (AA vs. CC: P = 0.017, OR = 2.454, 95%CI = 1.171-2.143; AC vs. CC: P < 0.001, OR = 1.818, 95%CI = 1.404-2.353; AC/AA vs. CC: P < 0.001, OR = 1.858, 95%CI = 1.444-2.319). The similar results were obtained after adjusting for age and sex. Unfortunately, we failed to find that any genotype of 385C/A polymorphism affected the mRNA or plasma protein levels in controls, respectively (P > 0.05). These data indicate that the FAAH may play an important role in the pathophysiological process of METH dependence, and the 385C/A polymorphism may be associated with METH dependence susceptibility in a Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Deng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
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Meta-analyses of the association between the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphism and athletic performance. Biol Sport 2019; 36:301-309. [PMID: 31938000 PMCID: PMC6945052 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2019.88752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) encoded by the PPARGC1A gene is a vital regulator of glucose and fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and skeletal muscle fibre conversion. Several studies have investigated the association between PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphism and athletic performance in humans. However, the results were contradictory. In the present study, two meta-analyses were performed to assess the association between the Gly482Ser polymorphism and endurance or power athletic performance to resolve this inconsistency. Ten articles were identified, including a total of 3,708 athletes and 6,228 controls. Higher frequencies of the Gly/Gly genotype (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.11-1.42) and the Gly allele (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.09-1.52) were observed in Caucasian endurance athletes. Furthermore, higher incidences of the Gly/Gly genotype (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.16-1.46) and the Gly allele (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12-1.33) were observed in power athletes compared to controls. This finding demonstrates that the Gly/Gly genotype and the Gly allele of the PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphism may facilitate athletic performance regardless of the type of sport, as well as providing solid evidence to support the possible influence of genetic factors on human athletic performance.
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Tharabenjasin P, Pabalan N, Jarjanazi H. Association of the ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) polymorphism with elite power sports: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217390. [PMID: 31145768 PMCID: PMC6542526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The special status accorded to elite athletes stems from their uncommon genetic potential to excel in world-class power sports (PS). Genetic polymorphisms have been reported to influence elite PS status. Reports of associations between the α-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism and PS have been inconsistent. In light of new published studies, we perform a meta-analysis to further explore the roles of this polymorphism in PS performance among elite athletes. Methods Multi-database literature search yielded 44 studies from 38 articles. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used in estimating associations (significance threshold was set at Pa ≤ 0.05) using the allele-genotype model (R and X alleles, RX genotype). Outlier analysis was used to examine its impact on association and heterogeneity outcomes. Subgroup analysis was race (Western and Asian) and gender (male/female)-based. Interaction tests were applied to differential outcomes between the subgroups, P-values of which were Bonferroni corrected (Pinteraction BC). Tests for sensitivity and publication bias were performed. Results Significant overall R allele effects (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.07–1.37, Pa = 0.002) were confirmed in the Western subgroup (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.22, Pa = 0.02) and with outlier treatment (ORs 1.12–1.20, 95% CIs 1.02–1.30, Pa < 10−5–0.01). This treatment resulted in acquired significance of the RX effect in Asian athletes (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.25–2.92, Pa = 0.003). Gender analysis dichotomized the RX genotype and R allele effects as significantly higher in male (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.28, Pa = 0.02) and female (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.21–2.06, Pa = 0.0009) athletes, respectively, when compared with controls. Significant R female association was improved with a test of interaction (Pinteraction BC = 0.03). The overall, Asian and female outcomes were robust. The R allele results were more robust than the RX genotype outcomes. No evidence of publication bias was found. Conclusions In this meta-analysis, we present clear associations between the R allele/RX genotype in the ACTN3 polymorphism and elite power athlete status. Significant effects of the R allele (overall analysis, Western and female subgroups) and RX genotype (Asians and males) were for the most part, results of outlier treatment. Interaction analysis improved the female outcome. These robust findings were free of publication bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuntila Tharabenjasin
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, PathumThani, Thailand
| | - Noel Pabalan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, PathumThani, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Hamdi Jarjanazi
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Peplonska B, Safranow K, Adamczyk J, Boguszewski D, Szymański K, Soltyszewski I, Barczak A, Siewierski M, Ploski R, Sozanski H, Zekanowski C. Association of serotoninergic pathway gene variants with elite athletic status in the Polish population. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1655-1662. [PMID: 30836829 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1583156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors are known to influence sport performance. The aim of the present study was to assess genetic variants in genes coding for proteins potentially modulating activity of brain emotion centres in a group of 621 elite athletes (212 endurance, 183 power and 226 combat athletes) and 672 sedentary controls. Ten statistically significant variants were identified in genes encoding elements of serotoninergic, catecholaminergic and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal systems in different sport groups. Of those the rs860573 variant in the FEV gene coding for transcription factor exclusively expressed in neurons of the central serotonin system is the only one whose frequency significantly differentiates all the groups of athletes studied, regardless of discipline, from the controls (p = 0.000026). Our results support the hypothesis that genetic variants potentially affecting mental processes and emotions, particularly in the serotonergic pathway, also influence the predispositions to athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Peplonska
- a Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders , Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- b Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry , Pomeranian Medical University , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Jakub Adamczyk
- c Department of Sport's Theory , Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Dariusz Boguszewski
- d Department of Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy Division , Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Konrad Szymański
- e Department of Medical Genetics , Centre for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Ireneusz Soltyszewski
- f Department of Criminology and Forensic Medicine , Warmia and Mazury University , Olsztyn , Poland
| | - Anna Barczak
- a Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders , Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Marcin Siewierski
- c Department of Sport's Theory , Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Rafal Ploski
- e Department of Medical Genetics , Centre for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Henryk Sozanski
- c Department of Sport's Theory , Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Cezary Zekanowski
- c Department of Sport's Theory , Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland
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Association of PPARGC1A Gly428Ser (rs8192678) polymorphism with potential for athletic ability and sports performance: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0200967. [PMID: 30625151 PMCID: PMC6326506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetics plays a role in determining potential for athletic ability (AA) and sports performance (SP). In this study, AA involves comparing sedentary controls with competitive athletes in power and endurance activities as well as a mix between the two (SP). However, variable results from genetic association studies warrant a meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates of the association between PPARGC1A Gly482Ser polymorphism and AA/SP. Methods Multi-database literature search yielded 14 articles (16 studies) for inclusion. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to estimate associations. Summary effects were modified based on statistical power. Subgroup analysis was based on SP (power, endurance and mixed) and race (Caucasians and Asians). Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 metric and its sources examined with outlier analysis which dichotomized our findings into pre- (PRO) and post-outlier (PSO). Results Gly allele effects significantly favoring AA/SP (OR > 1.0, P < 0.05) form the core of our findings in: (i) homogeneous overall effect at the post-modified, PSO level (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03–1.25, P = 0.01, I2 = 0%); (ii) initially homogeneous power SP (ORs 1.22–1.25, 95% CI 1.05–1.44, P = 0.003–0.008, I2 = 0%) which precluded outlier treatment; (iii) PRO Caucasian outcomes (ORs 1.29–1.32, 95% CI 1.12–1.54, P = 0.0005) over that of Asians with a pooled null effect (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.72–1.99, P = 0.53–0.92) and (iv) homogeneous all > 80% (ORs 1.19–1.38, 95% CI 1.05–1.66, P = 0.0007–0.007, I2 = 0%) on account of high statistical power (both study-specific and combined). In contrast, none of the Ser allele effects significantly favored AA/SP and no Ser-Gly genotype outcome favored AA/SP. The core significant outcomes were robust and showed no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion Meta-analytical applications in this study generated evidence that show association between the Gly allele and AA/SP. These were observed in the overall, Caucasians and statistically powered comparisons which exhibited consistent significance, stability, robustness, precision and lack of bias. Our central findings rest on association of the Gly allele with endurance and power, differentially favoring the latter over the former.
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Guilherme JPLF, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE, Pereira ADC, Lancha Junior AH. Analysis of sports-relevant polymorphisms in a large Brazilian cohort of top-level athletes. Ann Hum Genet 2018; 82:254-264. [PMID: 29603120 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there have been an increasing number of genetic variants associated with athletic phenotypes. Here, we selected a set of sports-relevant polymorphisms that have been previously suggested as genetic markers for human physical performance, and we examined their association with athletic status in a large cohort of Brazilians. We evaluated a sample of 1,622 individuals, in which 966 were nonathletes, and 656 were athletes: 328 endurance athletes and 328 power athletes. Only the AGT M268T minor allele was nominally associated with the endurance status. Conversely, we found that seven polymorphisms are more frequent in power athletes (MCT1 D490E, AGT M268T, PPARG P12A, PGC1A G482S, VEGFR2 Q472H, NOS3 C/T, and ACTN3 R577X). For all of these polymorphisms, power athletes were more likely than nonathletes or endurance athletes to carry the major allele or the homozygous genotype for the major allele. In particular, MCT1 D490E, AGT M268T, NOS3 C/T, and ACTN3 R577X showed stronger associations. Our findings support a role for these variants in the achievement of power athletic status in Brazilians: MCT1 D490E (T allele), AGT M268T (G allele), PPARG (C allele), PGC1A G482S (C allele), VEGFR2 Q472H (T allele), NOS3 C/T (T allele), and ACTN3 R577X (R allele).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Alexandre da Costa Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, Medical School of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Herbert Lancha Junior
- Laboratory of Applied Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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