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Moghaddaszadeh A, Roudier E, Edgell H, Vinet A, Belcastro AN. A 5-Week Guided Active Play Program Modulates Skin Microvascular Reactivity in Healthy Children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38684217 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2023-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Children's poor levels of physical activity (PA) participation and early-onset vascular aging are identified as global health challenges. Children's guided activity play (GAP)-based PA programs have emerged as effective strategies to improve cardiovascular risk factors and health-related fitness. This study proposes to investigate whether GAP improves children's cutaneous microvascular reactivity and health-related fitness. METHODS Children's (n = 18; 9.8 [1.5] y) PA during a 5-week (4 d/wk; 1 h/d) GAP program was assessed (accelerometry) with preassessments and postassessments for anthropometric, musculoskeletal fitness, blood pressure, estimated aerobic power, and cutaneous microvascular reactivity. RESULTS PA averaged 556 (132) kcal·week-1 at 34.7% (7.5%) time at moderate to vigorous intensity. Resting heart rate (-9.5%) and diastolic blood pressure (-7.8%) were reduced without changes in health-related fitness indices. Cutaneous microvascular reactivity to sodium nitroprusside iontophoresis increased the average perfusion (+36.8%), average cutaneous vascular conductance (+30%), the area under the curve (+28.8%), and a faster rise phase (+40%) of perfusion (quadratic modeling; P ≤ .05). Chi-square and crosstabulation analysis revealed significant association between children's PA levels and sodium nitroprusside average perfusion levels, where children with PA levels ≥205.1 kcal.55 minute-1 were overrepresented in the medium/high levels of sodium nitroprusside perfusion. CONCLUSION A 5-week GAP modified the microvascular reactivity in children without changes in body mass, musculoskeletal fitness, or estimated aerobic power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asal Moghaddaszadeh
- Pediatric Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Emilie Roudier
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Muscle Health Research Center, York University, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Heather Edgell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Muscle Health Research Center, York University, Toronto, ON,Canada
| | - Agnes Vinet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Expérimentale Cardiovasculaire, Faculté des Sciences, Avignon Université, Avignon,France
| | - Angelo N Belcastro
- Pediatric Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON,Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON,Canada
- Muscle Health Research Center, York University, Toronto, ON,Canada
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Li DL, Zhou M, Pan CW, Chen DD, Liu MJ. Unhealthy Lifestyles and Retinal Vessel Calibers among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010150. [PMID: 36615807 PMCID: PMC9824413 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal vessel caliber (RVC) is an important biomarker of cardiovascular diseases, which can be semi-automatically measured by fundus photography. This review investigated the associations between the RVCs and the life styles of early life, such as physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), dietary and sleep, by summarizing the findings from studies on children and adolescents. Two databases (Medline and Embase) were searched from their inception to 30 June 2022. The selected studies were literatures on observational designs, fundus photographs, retinal vessels and lifestyles of children or adolescents. Correlation coefficients of unhealthy life styles and RVCs were transformed to Fisher's z-scores, and the random-effects model was applied to pool data. A total of 18 observational studies were selected; the lifestyles accessed include 9 studies for PA and SB, 8 studies for dietary and 1 study for sleep. The meta-analysis on the correlation coefficients of regression models found the high level of SB (qualified by screen time, ST) was associated the narrower central retinal arteriolar equivalent (CRAE) among children (r = -0.043, 95% confidence intervals [CI] -0.078 to -0.009). By comparing the first and fourth quartiles of PA, the meta-analysis showed that more indoor PA was associated with smaller venular calibers and more outdoor PA was associated with wider CRAE (r = 0.88, 95%CI -3.33 to 0). Unhealthy lifestyles might be harmful on the retinal microcirculation among children and adolescents but their health effect seems not to be as significant as those in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Lin Li
- School of Public Health, Medical of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Chen-Wei Pan
- School of Public Health, Medical of Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Correspondence: (D.-D.C.); (M.-J.L.); Tel.: +86-187-0250-5070 (M.-J.L.)
| | - Meng-Jiao Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence: (D.-D.C.); (M.-J.L.); Tel.: +86-187-0250-5070 (M.-J.L.)
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Hanssen H, Streese L, Vilser W. Retinal vessel diameters and function in cardiovascular risk and disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2022; 91:101095. [PMID: 35760749 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades evidence has gradually accumulated suggesting that the eye may be a unique window for cardiovascular risk stratification based on the assessment of subclinical damage of retinal microvascular structure and function. This can be facilitated by non-invasive analysis of static retinal vessel diameters and dynamic recording of flicker light-induced and endothelial function-related dilation of both retinal arterioles and venules. Recent new findings have made retinal microvascular biomarkers strong candidates for clinical implementation as reliable risk predictors. Beyond a review of the current evidence and state of research, the article aims to discuss the methodological benefits and pitfalls and to identify research gaps and future directions. Above all, the potential use for screening and treatment monitoring of cardiovascular disease risk are highlighted. The article provides fundamental comprehension of retinal vessel imaging by explaining anatomical and physiological essentials of the retinal microcirculation leading to a detailed description of the methodological approach. This allows for better understanding of the underlying retinal microvascular pathology associated with the prevalence and development of cardiovascular disease. A body of new evidence is presented on the clinical validity and predictive value of retinal vessel diameters and function for incidence cardiovascular disease and outcome. Findings in children indicate the potential for utility in childhood cardiovascular disease prevention, and the efficacy of exercise interventions highlight the treatment sensitivity of retinal microvascular biomarkers. Finally, coming from the availability of normative data, solutions for diagnostic challenges are discussed and conceptual steps towards clinical implementation are put into perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Preventive Sports Medicine and Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Lukas Streese
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Preventive Sports Medicine and Systems Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walthard Vilser
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Ilmenau University of Technology, Ilmenau, Germany; Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Lona G, Hauser C, Köchli S, Infanger D, Endes K, Faude O, Hanssen H. Changes in physical activity behavior and development of cardiovascular risk in children. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:1313-1323. [PMID: 33527518 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association of changes in physical activity, screen time, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with development of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and retinal microvascular health in children over four years. In 2014, 391 children aged 6-8 years were screened, and thereof 262 children were reexamined after four years following standardized protocols. Retinal arteriolar (CRAE) and venular diameters were measured by a retinal vessel analyzer. CRF was objectively assessed by a 20 m shuttle run, physical activity, and screen time by use of a questionnaire. Children who achieved higher CRF levels reduced their BMI (β [95% CI] -0.35 [-0.46 to -0.25] kg/m2 per stage, P ≤ .001) and thereby developed wider CRAE (β [95% CI] 0.25 [0.24 to 0.48] µm per stage, P = .03) at follow-up. Moreover, children with elevated or high systolic BP at baseline, but lower levels of screen time during the observation period, had wider CRAE at follow-up (β [95% CI] -0.37 [-0.66 to -0.08] µm per 10 min/d, P = .013). Change in CRF was not directly associated with better microvascular health at follow-up. However, an increase of CRF over four years was associated with a reduced BMI and consequently wider retinal arterioles at follow-up. In children with elevated or high systolic BP, a reduction of screen time significantly improved retinal microvascular health as a primary prevention strategy to promote childhood health and combat development of manifest CV disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Lona
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Hauser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Köchli
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Infanger
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Endes
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Ten Velde G, Plasqui G, Willeboordse M, Winkens B, Vreugdenhil A. Feasibility and Effect of the Exergame BOOSTH Introduced to Improve Physical Activity and Health in Children: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e24035. [PMID: 33306031 PMCID: PMC7762686 DOI: 10.2196/24035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the well-known beneficial health effects of physical activity (PA), the majority of Dutch primary school children do not meet the recommended PA guidelines. Although there is growing evidence on the effectiveness of exergames for PA in children, there is limited evidence on their effect on health outcomes, such as cardiovascular health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and on factors influencing their effectiveness and feasibility. The exergame BOOSTH uses a wrist-worn activity tracker to measure steps per day. As a reward for the performed PA, children can unlock levels in the online BOOSTH game. In addition, “BOOSTH battle” enables competition between groups. Objective This protocol describes a cluster randomized controlled trial in 16 primary schools in the Netherlands investigating the effect of BOOSTH on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) using accelerometry. Secondary aims are to investigate the feasibility of BOOSTH (mixed methods: questionnaires and focus group interviews) and its effect on cardiovascular risk factors (anthropometrics, blood pressure, and retinal microvasculature) and HRQOL. Methods Stratification variables and relevant variables related to outcomes (such as BMI [z-score], sex, age, and parenting style) and/or missingness will be taken into account. Measurements will be performed at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months. Results The study has received funding from Province Limburg (SAS-2015-04956) and received ethical approval from the Medical Ethics Committee of Maastricht University Medical Centre (METC172043/NL64324.068.17). The results of the analyses are expected to be published in 2021. Conclusions With this study, the ability of the exergame BOOSTH to increase PA and improve health in children of primary school age will be investigated. The insights into effectiveness and feasibility will result in scientific and societal recommendations, which could potentially contribute to widespread implementation of exergames for children. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03440580; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03440580. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24035
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Ten Velde
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Anita Vreugdenhil
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Streese L, Guerini C, Bühlmayer L, Lona G, Hauser C, Bade S, Deiseroth A, Hanssen H. Physical activity and exercise improve retinal microvascular health as a biomarker of cardiovascular risk: A systematic review. Atherosclerosis 2020; 315:33-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sousa‐Sá E, Zhang Z, Pereira JR, Wright IM, Okely AD, Santos R. Systematic review on retinal microvasculature, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and adiposity in children and adolescents. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109:1956-1973. [PMID: 31998981 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM As retinal microvasculature (RMV) can be assessed non-invasively, it presents an opportunity to examine the health and disease of the human microcirculation, as RMV alterations have been recognised as one of the earliest signs of cardiovascular risk. This review summarises current literature on the associations between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and/or adiposity and RMV in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. METHODS Six databases were searched (MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO and CINAHL), through to December 11, 2019. English, Portuguese, French, Spanish or Dutch were the languages searched. Meta-analyses were performed using the meta-analyst software. RESULTS A total of 6796 studies were screened, and 26 studies were included, representing 24 448 participants, from 12 different countries. Studies reporting results on weight status were twenty-three, PA was assessed in six studies, and SB was assessed in three studies. Four studies examined weight status and PA/SB. Meta-analysis was performed for two studies and showed that children with obesity have smaller retinal arterioles (-2.38 µm difference, 95% CI 0.62, 4.15 µm) and larger retinal venules (2.74 µm difference, 95% CI -4.78, -0.72 µm) than children without obesity. CONCLUSION Results showed that adiposity was associated with microvascular alterations in children and adolescents. Increased adiposity, lack of PA and high levels of SB were negatively correlated with vessel width parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Sousa‐Sá
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Zhiguang Zhang
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - João R. Pereira
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity University of Coimbra Coimbra Portugal
| | - Ian M. Wright
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Anthony D. Okely
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute Wollongong NSW Australia
| | - Rute Santos
- Early Start University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW Australia
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure University of Porto Porto Portugal
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