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Haddas R. Newcastle Disease Virus. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2463-0_1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
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Eid AAM, Hussein A, Hassanin O, Elbakrey RM, Daines R, Sadeyen JR, Abdien HMF, Chrzastek K, Iqbal M. Newcastle Disease Genotype VII Prevalence in Poultry and Wild Birds in Egypt. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102244. [PMID: 36298799 PMCID: PMC9607356 DOI: 10.3390/v14102244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) genotype VII is a highly pathogenic Orthoavulavirus that has caused multiple outbreaks among poultry in Egypt since 2011. This study aimed to observe the prevalence and genetic diversity of NDV prevailing in domestic and wild birds in Egyptian governorates. A total of 37 oropharyngeal swabs from wild birds and 101 swabs from domestic bird flocks including chickens, ducks, turkeys, and pelicans, were collected from different geographic regions within 13 governorates during 2019–2020. Virus isolation and propagation via embryonated eggs revealed 91 swab samples produced allantoic fluid containing haemagglutination activity, suggestive of virus presence. The use of RT-PCR targeted to the F gene successfully detected NDV in 85 samples. The geographical prevalence of NDV was isolated in 12 governorates in domestic birds, migratory, and non-migratory wild birds. Following whole genome sequencing, we assembled six NDV genome sequences (70–99% of genome coverage), including five full F gene sequences. All NDV strains carried high virulence, with phylogenetic analysis revealing that the strains belonged to class II within genotype VII.1.1. The genetically similar yet geographically distinct virulent NDV isolates in poultry and a wild bird may allude to an external role contributing to the dissemination of NDV in poultry populations across Egypt. One such contribution may be the migratory behaviour of wild birds; however further investigation must be implemented to support the findings of this study. Additionally, continued genomic surveillance in both wild birds and poultry would be necessary for monitoring NDV dissemination and genetic diversification across Egypt, with the aim of controlling the disease and protecting poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A. M. Eid
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Hussein
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ola Hassanin
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Reham M. Elbakrey
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Rebecca Daines
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | | | - Hanan M. F. Abdien
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41622, Egypt
| | | | - Munir Iqbal
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Correspondence:
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Epidemiological and genetic analysis of Avian avulavirus-1 in Israel reveals parallel circulating strains and a new sub-genotype within genotype VI. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:159-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rahman AU, Habib M, Shabbir MZ. Adaptation of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in Feral Birds and their Potential Role in Interspecies Transmission. Open Virol J 2018; 12:52-68. [PMID: 30288195 PMCID: PMC6142666 DOI: 10.2174/1874357901812010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Newcastle Disease (ND), caused by Avian avulavirus 1 (AAvV 1, avulaviruses), is a notifiable disease throughout the world due to the economic impact on trading restrictions and its embargoes placed in endemic regions. The feral birds including aquatic/migratory birds and other wild birds may act as natural reservoir hosts of ND Viruses (NDVs) and may play a remarkable role in the spread of the virus in environment. In addition, other 19 avulaviruses namely: AAvV 2 to 20, have been potentially recognized from feral avian species. Expalantion: Many previous studies have investigated the field prevailing NDVs to adapt a wide range of susceptible host. Still the available data is not enough to declare the potential role of feral birds in transmission of the virus to poultry and/or other avian birds. In view of the latest evidence related to incidences of AAvVs in susceptible avian species, it is increasingly important to understand the potential of viruses to transmit within the domestic poultry and other avian hosts. Genomic and phylogenomic analysis of several investigations has shown the same (RK/RQRR↓F) motif cleavage site among NDV isolates with same genotypes from domestic poultry and other wild hosts. So, the insight of this, various semi-captive/free-ranging wild avian species could play a vital role in the dissemination of the virus, which is an important consideration to control the disease outbreaks. Insufficient data on AAvV 1 transmission from wild birds to poultry and vice versa is the main constraint to understand about its molecular biology and genomic potential to cause infection in all susceptible hosts. Conclusion: The current review details the pertinent features of several historical and contemporary aspects of NDVs and the vital role of feral birds in its molecular epidemiology and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz-Ul- Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Momena Habib
- Department of Microbiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair Shabbir
- Quality Operations Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
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Shahar E, Haddas R, Goldenberg D, Lublin A, Bloch I, Bachner Hinenzon N, Pitcovski J. Newcastle disease virus: is an updated attenuated vaccine needed? Avian Pathol 2018; 47:467-478. [PMID: 29897786 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2018.1488240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a major cause of infectious mortality and morbidity in poultry worldwide. It is an enveloped virus with two outer-membrane proteins-haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion protein (F)-that induce neutralizing antibodies. All NDV strains belong to one serotype. Yet, NDV vaccines, derived from genotype II, do not fully prevent infection or shedding of viruses from other genotypes. The aim of this study was to test if an updated vaccine is required. For this purpose, NDVs isolated from infected, albeit heavily vaccinated, flocks were genetically and immunologically characterized. Amino acid differences in F and HN protein sequences were identified between the vaccine strain and each of the isolates, some specifically at the neutralization sites. Whereas all tested isolates showed similar haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titres, 100-100,000 times higher antibody-to-virus ratios were needed to neutralize viral propagation in embryos by the field isolates versus the vaccine strain. As a result, a model and an equation were developed to explain the phenomenon of escape in one-serotype viruses and to calculate the HI values needed for protection, depending on variation rate at key positions. In conclusion, to confer full protection against NDVs that differ from the vaccine strain at the neutralizing epitopes, very high levels of antibodies should be raised and maintained to compensate for the reduction in the number of effective epitopes; alternatively, an adjusted attenuated vaccine should be developed-a task made possible in the current era of reverse vaccinology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehud Shahar
- a MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center , Kiryat Shmona , Israel
| | - Ruth Haddas
- b Division of Avian Diseases , Kimron Veterinary Institute , Bet-Dagan , Israel
| | - Dana Goldenberg
- a MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center , Kiryat Shmona , Israel
| | - Avishai Lublin
- b Division of Avian Diseases , Kimron Veterinary Institute , Bet-Dagan , Israel
| | - Itai Bloch
- a MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center , Kiryat Shmona , Israel
| | | | - Jacob Pitcovski
- a MIGAL - Galilee Technology Center , Kiryat Shmona , Israel.,c Department of Biotechnology , Tel-Hai Academic College , Kiryat Shmona , Israel
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Lardinois A, Vandersleyen O, Steensels M, Desloges N, Mast J, van den Berg T, Lambrecht B. Stronger Interference of Avian Influenza Virus-Specific Than Newcastle Disease Virus-Specific Maternally Derived Antibodies with a Recombinant NDV-H5 Vaccine. Avian Dis 2017; 60:191-201. [PMID: 27309055 DOI: 10.1637/11133-050815-reg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Maternally derived antibodies (MDA) are known to provide early protection from disease but also to interfere with vaccination efficacy of young chicks. This interference phenomenon is well described in the literature for viral diseases such as infectious bursal disease, Newcastle disease (ND), and avian influenza (AI). The goal of this work was to investigate the impact of H5 MDA and/or ND virus (NDV) MDA on the vaccine efficacy of a recombinant NDV-H5-vectored vaccine (rNDV-H5) against two antigenically divergent highly pathogenic AI (HPAI) H5N1 challenges. In chickens with both H5 and NDV MDA, a strong interference was observed with reduced clinical protection when compared to vaccinated specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. In contrast, in chickens from commercial suppliers with NDV MDA only, a beneficial impact on the vaccine efficacy was observed with full protection and reduced viral excretion in comparison with rNDV-H5-vaccinated SPF chickens. To distinguish between the respective effects of the H5 and NDV MDA, an SPF model where passive immunity had been artificially induced by inoculations of H5 and NDV hyperimmunized polysera, respectively, was used. In the presence of H5 artificial MDA, a strong interference reflected by a reduction in vaccine protection was demonstrated whereas no interference and even an enhancing protective effect was confirmed in presence of NDV MDA. The present work suggests that H5 and NDV MDA interact differently with the rNDV-H5 vaccine with different consequences on its efficacy, the mechanisms of which require further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélyne Lardinois
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Vandersleyen
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mieke Steensels
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Desloges
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry van den Berg
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Lambrecht
- A Avian Virology and Immunology Service, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Groeselenberg 99, 1180-Brussels, Belgium
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Emergence of a deviating genotype VI pigeon paramyxovirus type-1 isolated from India. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2169-2174. [PMID: 28349356 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 (PPMV-1) is an antigenic variant of avian paramyxovirus type 1 (APMV-1), which infects pigeons. The virus causes high morbidity and mortality, creating an alarming state for the poultry industry. The present work describes the molecular and pathogenic characterization of a PPMV-1 strain isolated from pigeon in Bhopal, India. Complete genome sequence analysis revealed a genome of 15,192 nucleotides encoding six genes organized in the order 3'-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5'. The fusion gene sequence analysis showed the presence of multiple basic amino acids 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 at the cleavage site corresponding to pathogenic strains. The mean death time and intracerebral pathogenicity index values indicated a mesogenic nature for the PPMV-1 isolate. On phylogenetic analysis, the strain clustered with genotype VI viruses, including isolates from pigeon and dove. The Bhopal strain showed significant intra and inter-genotype evolutionary distance, suggesting the emergence of a new sub-genotype, VIj.
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Abstract
Due to the ongoing need to protect poultry from virulent Newcastle disease virus, all commercial poultry flocks in Israel are vaccinated according to a defined programme using a combination of live and inactivated vaccines. The vaccination protocol for broilers during the years of the study comprised a live vaccine administered by spray on the day of hatching, inactivated vaccine by subcutaneous injection at 10-12 days of age, and another live vaccine given by aerosol at 17-21 days of age. A cross-sectional study was designed in order to examine the influence of herd immunity on the risk of Newcastle disease outbreak in broiler flocks. The study was based on the extensive field data kept in the Poultry Health Laboratories database. The results of serology tests employing haemagglutination inhibition for Newcastle disease virus were analysed and crossed with the list of flocks that had been diagnosed with ND in the years 2007-2014. At the peak of induced immunization (fifth week of growth), 87.5% of the tested flocks had achieved herd immunity (≥85% of birds in the flock with an HI titre ≥4). Based on a logistic regression model, the odds ratio for ND in flocks without herd immunity was 3.7 (95% CI 1.8-7.3, P-value < 0.001). The higher the percentage of birds with low HI titres the higher the risk of ND outbreak. Under field conditions, herd immunity is an important indicator for the risk of ND outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Wiseman
- a The Poultry Health Laboratories , The Egg and Poultry Board , Kiryat Malachi , Israel
| | - Elyakum M Berman
- a The Poultry Health Laboratories , The Egg and Poultry Board , Kiryat Malachi , Israel
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Parsons NJ, Gous TA, Schaefer AM, Vanstreels RET. Health evaluation of African penguins ( Spheniscus demersus) in southern Africa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2016; 83:e1-e13. [PMID: 27796116 PMCID: PMC6238701 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v83i1.1147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) is an endangered seabird that breeds along the coast of Namibia and South Africa, and disease surveillance was identified as a priority for its conservation. Aiming for the establishment of baseline data on the presence of potential pathogens in this species, a comprehensive health assessment (blood smear examination, haematology, biochemistry and serology) was conducted on samples obtained from 578 African penguins at 11 breeding colonies and a rehabilitation centre. There were 68 penguins that were seropositive for at least one of seven pathogens tested: avian encephalomyelitis virus, avian infectious bronchitis virus, avian reovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. All samples were seronegative for avian influenza virus subtypes H5 and H7 and infectious laryngotracheitis virus. The apparent prevalence of Babesia sp. and Borrelia sp. in blood smears was consistent with previous studies. Babesia-infected individuals had a regenerative response of the erythrocytic lineage, an active inflammatory response and hepatic function impairment. These findings indicate that African penguins may be exposed to conservation-significant pathogens in the wild and encourage further studies aiming for the direct detection and/or isolation of these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nola J Parsons
- Southern African Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds, Bloubergrant; Bayworld Centre for Research and Education, Port Elizabeth.
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Newcastle disease virus: current status and our understanding. Virus Res 2014; 184:71-81. [PMID: 24589707 PMCID: PMC7127793 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the highly pathogenic viral diseases of avian species. ND is economically significant because of the huge mortality and morbidity associated with it. The disease is endemic in many third world countries where agriculture serves as the primary source of national income. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and is well characterized member among the avian paramyxovirus serotypes. In recent years, NDV has lured the virologists not only because of its pathogenic potential, but also for its oncolytic activity and its use as a vaccine vector for both humans and animals. The NDV based recombinant vaccine offers a pertinent choice for the construction of live attenuated vaccine due to its modular nature of transcription, minimum recombination frequency, and lack of DNA phase during replication. Our current understanding about the NDV biology is expanding rapidly because of the availability of modern molecular biology tools and high-throughput complete genome sequencing.
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Genetic diversity of newcastle disease virus in wild birds and pigeons in West Africa. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:7867-74. [PMID: 24123735 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02716-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In West and Central Africa, virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains of the recently identified genotypes XIV, XVII, and XVIII are enzootic in poultry, representing a considerable threat to the sector. The increasing number of reports of virulent strains in wild birds at least in other parts of the world raised the question of a potential role of wild birds in the spread of virulent NDV in sub-Saharan Africa as well. We investigated 1,723 asymptomatic birds sampled at live-bird markets and sites important for wild-bird conservation in Nigeria and 19 sick or dead wild birds in Côte d'Ivoire for NDV class I and II. Typical avirulent wild-type genotype I strains were found in wild waterfowl in wetlands in northeastern Nigeria. They were unrelated to vaccine strains, and the involvement of inter- or intracontinental migratory birds in their circulation in the region is suggested. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that genotype VI strains found in pigeons, including some putative new subgenotype VIh and VIi strains, were introduced on multiple separate occasions in Nigeria. A single virulent genotype XVIII strain was found in a dead wild bird in Côte d'Ivoire, probably as a result of spillover from sick poultry. In conclusion, screening of wild birds and pigeons for NDV revealed the presence a variety of virulent and avirulent strains in West Africa but did not provide strong evidence that wild birds play an important role in the spread of virulent strains in the region.
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