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Pires AJ, Pereira G, Fangueiro D, Bexiga R, Oliveira M. When the solution becomes the problem: a review on antimicrobial resistance in dairy cattle. Future Microbiol 2024. [PMID: 38661710 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2023-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics' action, once a 'magic bullet', is now hindered by widespread microbial resistance, creating a global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis. A primary driver of AMR is the selective pressure from antimicrobial use. Between 2000 and 2015, antibiotic consumption increased by 65%, reaching 34.8 billion tons, 73% of which was used in animals. In the dairy cattle sector, antibiotics are crucial for treating diseases like mastitis, posing risks to humans, animals and potentially leading to environmental contamination. To address AMR, strategies like selective dry cow therapy, alternative treatments (nanoparticles, phages) and waste management innovations are emerging. However, most solutions are in development, emphasizing the urgent need for further research to tackle AMR in dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana José Pires
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Pereira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Fangueiro
- LEAF Research Center, Terra Associate Laboratory, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bexiga
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. da Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477, Lisbon, Portugal
- cE3c-Centre for Ecology, Evolution & Environmental Changes & CHANGE-Global Change & Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
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Dey TK, Lindahl JF, Lundkvist Å, Grace D, Deka RP, Shome R, Bandyopadhyay S, Goyal NK, Sharma G, Shome BR. Analyses of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase, Metallo-β-Lactamase, and AmpC-β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae from the Dairy Value Chain in India. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1449. [PMID: 37760745 PMCID: PMC10650101 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of milk contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a significant health threat to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamases (ESBL, MBL, and AmpC) in cow and buffalo milk samples from two Indian states, Haryana and Assam. A total of 401 milk samples were collected from dairy farmers and vendors in the specified districts. Microbiological assays, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCR-based genotyping were employed to analyze 421 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The overall prevalence of β-lactamase genes was 10% (confidence interval (CI) (7-13)), with higher rates in Haryana (13%, CI (9-19)) compared to Assam (7%, CI (4-11)). The identified β-lactamase genes in isolates were blaCMY, blaMOX, blaFOX, blaEBC, and blaDHA, associated with AmpC production. Additionally, blaCTX-M1, blaSHV, and blaTEM were detected as ESBL producers, while blaVIM, blaIMP, blaSPM, blaSIM, and blaGIM were identified as MBL producers. Notably, Shigella spp. were the dominant β-lactamase producers among identified Enterobacteriaceae. This study highlights the presence of various prevalent β-lactamase genes in milk isolates, indicating the potential risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in dairy products. The presence of β-lactam resistance raises concern as this could restrict antibiotic options for treatment. The discordance between genotypic and phenotypic methods emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive approaches that integrate both techniques to accurately assess antibiotic resistance. Urgent collaborative action incorporating rational and regulated use of antibiotics across the dairy value chain is required to address the global challenge of β-lactam resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kumar Dey
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Johanna Frida Lindahl
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Åke Lundkvist
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Delia Grace
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Food and Markets Department, Natural Resources Institute, Chatham Maritime ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Ram Pratim Deka
- International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office for South Asia, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Samiran Bandyopadhyay
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Goyal
- Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - Garima Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
- Zoonosis Science Center, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
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Ramírez-Castillo FY, Guerrero-Barrera AL, Avelar-González FJ. An overview of carbapenem-resistant organisms from food-producing animals, seafood, aquaculture, companion animals, and wildlife. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1158588. [PMID: 37397005 PMCID: PMC10311504 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1158588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem resistance (CR) is a major global health concern. CR is a growing challenge in clinical settings due to its rapid dissemination and low treatment options. The characterization of its molecular mechanisms and epidemiology are highly studied. Nevertheless, little is known about the spread of CR in food-producing animals, seafood, aquaculture, wildlife, their environment, or the health risks associated with CR in humans. In this review, we discuss the detection of carbapenem-resistant organisms and their mechanisms of action in pigs, cattle, poultry, seafood products, companion animals, and wildlife. We also pointed out the One Health approach as a strategy to attempt the emergency and dispersion of carbapenem-resistance in this sector and to determine the role of carbapenem-producing bacteria in animals among human public health risk. A higher occurrence of carbapenem enzymes in poultry and swine has been previously reported. Studies related to poultry have highlighted P. mirabilis, E. coli, and K. pneumoniae as NDM-5- and NDM-1-producing bacteria, which lead to carbapenem resistance. OXA-181, IMP-27, and VIM-1 have also been detected in pigs. Carbapenem resistance is rare in cattle. However, OXA- and NDM-producing bacteria, mainly E. coli and A. baumannii, are cattle's leading causes of carbapenem resistance. A high prevalence of carbapenem enzymes has been reported in wildlife and companion animals, suggesting their role in the cross-species transmission of carbapenem-resistant genes. Antibiotic-resistant organisms in aquatic environments should be considered because they may act as reservoirs for carbapenem-resistant genes. It is urgent to implement the One Health approach worldwide to make an effort to contain the dissemination of carbapenem resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Y. Ramírez-Castillo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Alma L. Guerrero-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Tisular, Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Francisco J. Avelar-González
- Laboratorio de Estudios Ambientales, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
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Fu S, Jin S, Ge H, Xu Z, Jiao X, Chen X. First Detection of blaNDM-1-Haboring IncHI2 Plasmid in Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from Goose in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:244-250. [PMID: 37335912 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2022.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections are among the most serious threats to human and animal health worldwide. Of the 1013 strains of Escherichia coli isolated and identified in 14 regions of China from 2007 to 2018, seven strains were resistant to meropenem and all were positive for blaNDM. The seven New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-positive strains belonged to five different sequence types, indicating that most of the NDM-positive strains were nonclonal. An IncHI2 plasmid carrying the blaNDM-1 element was identified in the C1147 strain from a goose source and reported for the first time, showing a specific structure. Conjugation experiments revealed that the IncHI2 plasmid was conjugatable, and the horizontal propagation of the plasmid led to the rapid propagation of NDM in the same and different strains. This study revealed that waterfowl, as a potential transmission factor for carbapenem-resistant blaNDM-1, poses a threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Haojie Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xin'an Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Das S. The crisis of carbapenemase-mediated carbapenem resistance across the human-animal-environmental interface in India. Infect Dis Now 2023; 53:104628. [PMID: 36241158 DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2022.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenems are the decision-making antimicrobials used to combat severe Gram-negative bacterial infections in humans. Carbapenem resistance poses a potential public health emergency, especially in developing countries such as India, accounting for high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare cost. Emergence and transmission of plasmid-mediated "big five" carbapenemase genes including KPC, NDM, IMP, VIM and OXA-48-type among Gram-negative bacteria is spiralling the issue. Carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant organisms (CP-CRO) cause multi- or pan-drug resistance by co-harboring several antibiotic resistance determinants. In addition of human origin, animals and even environmental sites are also the reservoir of CROs. Spillage in food-chains compromises food safety and security and increases the chance of cross-border transmission of these superbugs. Metallo-β-lactamases, mainly NDM-1 producing CROs, are commonly shared between human, animal and environmental interfaces worldwide, including in India. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance using the One Health approach has been implemented in Europe, the United-Kingdom and the United-States to mitigate the crisis. This concept is still not implemented in most developing countries, including India, where the burden of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is high. Lack of AMR surveillance in animal and environmental sectors underestimates the cumulative burden of carbapenem resistance resulting in the silent spread of these superbugs. In-depth indiscriminate AMR surveillance focusing on carbapenem resistance is urgently required to develop and deploy effective national policies for preserving the efficacy of carbapenems as last-resort antibiotics in India. Tracking and mapping of international high-risk clones are pivotal for containing the global spread of CP-CRO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Das
- Biomedical Laboratory Science and Management, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India.
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Naranjo-Lucena A, Slowey R. Invited review: Antimicrobial resistance in bovine mastitis pathogens: A review of genetic determinants and prevalence of resistance in European countries. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:1-23. [PMID: 36333144 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is an urgent and growing problem worldwide, both for human and animal health. In the animal health sector actions have been taken as concerns grow regarding the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Mastitis is the most common infection in dairy cattle. We aimed to summarize the genetic determinants found in staphylococci, streptococci, and Enterobacteriaceae isolated from mastitic milk samples and provide a comparison of percentage resistance to a variety of antimicrobials in European countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Naranjo-Lucena
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Ireland W23 VW2C.
| | - Rosemarie Slowey
- National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Laboratory Campus, Celbridge, Ireland W23 VW2C
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Chowdhury G, Ramamurthy T, Das B, Ghosh D, Okamoto K, Miyoshi SI, Dutta S, Mukhopadhyay AK. Characterization of NDM-5 Carbapenemase-Encoding Gene ( bla NDM-5) - Positive Multidrug Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli from Diarrheal Patients. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3631-3642. [PMID: 35837541 PMCID: PMC9275505 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s364526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The multidrug resistance Enterobacteriaceae cause many serious infections resulting in prolonged hospitalization, increased treatment charges and mortality rate. In this study, we characterized bla NDM-5-positive multidrug resistance commensal Escherichia coli (CE) isolated from diarrheal patients in Kolkata, India. Methods Three CE strains were isolated from diarrheal stools, which were negative for different pathogroups of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). The presence of carbapenemases encoding genes and other antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) was detected using PCR. The genetic arrangement adjoining bla NDM-5 was investigated by plasmid genome sequencing. The genetic relatedness of the strains was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) methods. Results In addition to colistin, the bla NDM-5-positive CE strains showed resistance to most of the antibiotics. Higher MICs were detected for ciprofloxacin (>32 mg/L) and imipenem (8 mg/L). Molecular typing revealed that three CE strains belonged to two different STs (ST 101 and ST 648) but they were 95% similar in the PFGE analysis. Screening for ARGs revealed that CE strains harbored Int-1, bla TEM, blaC TX-M3, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-7, bla OXA-9, tetA, strA, aadA1, aadB, sul2, floR, mph(A), and aac(6´)-Ib-cr. In conjugation experiment, transfer frequencies ranged from 2.5×10-3 to 8.4x10-5. The bla NDM-5 gene was located on a 94-kb pNDM-TC-CE-89 type plasmid, which is highly similar to the IncFII plasmid harboring an IS26-IS30-bla NDM-5-ble MBL-trpF-dsbd-IS91-dhps structure. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on carbapenem resistance involving the bla NDM-5 gene in CE from diarrheal patients. The circulation of bla NDM-5 gene in CE is worrisome, since it has the potential to transfer bla NDM-5 gene to other enteric pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.,Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Debjani Ghosh
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India.,Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, India
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Kuang X, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang RS, Qiu ZY, Sun J, Liao XP, Liu YH, Yu Y. Molecular Epidemiology of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Food-Producing Animals in China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912260. [PMID: 35847092 PMCID: PMC9284025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We conducted a molecular surveillance study for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) colonization in food-producing animals in China that included primarily swine and poultry for three consecutive years. A total of 2,771 samples from food-producing animals and their surrounding environments were collected from different regions in China from 2015 to 2017. Enrichment cultures supplemented with meropenem were used to isolate carbapenem non-susceptible isolates and these were subsequently identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Resistance phenotypes and genotypes were confirmed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular biological techniques. Genomic characteristics of the carbapenemase-producing isolates were investigated using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bioinformatic analysis. In total, 88 NDM-positive Enterobacteriaceae were identified from 2,771 samples and 96.6% were Escherichia coli. The New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-positive E. coli displayed a diversity of sequence types (ST), and ST48 and ST165 were the most prevalent. Three variants of blaNDM (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4, and blaNDM-5) were detected and WGS indicated that blaNDM-5 predominated and was carried primarily on IncX3 plasmids. All these isolates were also multiply-drug resistant. These results revealed that food-producing animals in China are an important reservoir for NDM-positive E. coli and pose a potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Kuang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Shi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Qiu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Liao
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hong Liu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Yu,
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NDM-5-Producing Escherichia coli Co-Harboring mcr-1 Gene in Companion Animals in China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12101310. [PMID: 35625156 PMCID: PMC9137672 DOI: 10.3390/ani12101310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem and colistin are important antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. Here, we isolated the blaNDM-5-harboring Escherichia coli in companion animals in healthy or diseased companion animals from veterinary clinics in six cities in China from July to November 2016. A total of 129 rectal swabs of healthy or diseased dogs and cats were collected from veterinary clinics in six different cities in China, and the isolates were subjected to carbapenem and colistin susceptibility testing. Resistance genes were confirmed using PCR. Conjugation experiments were conducted to determine the transferability of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the strains. The isolated rate of blaNDM-5-harboring E. coli strains was 3.88% (five strains). These five strains were multidrug resistant to at least three antibiotics and corresponded to four sequence types including ST101. The blaNDM-5 gene was located on 46 kb IncX3 plasmids in these five strains, and the genetic contexts were shared and were nearly identical to the K. pneumoniae plasmid pNDM5-IncX3 from China. In addition, one strain (CQ6-1) co-harbored blaNDM-5-encoding-IncX3 plasmid along with a mcr-1-encoding-IncX4 plasmid, and their corresponding genetic environments were identical to the blaNDM-5-IncX3 and mcr-1-IncX4 hybrid plasmid reported previously from the same area and from the same clinic. The results indicated that the similar genetic contexts were shared between these isolates from companion animals, and the IncX3-type plasmids played a key role in the spread of blaNDM-5 among these bacteria.
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Uyanik T, Çadirci Ö, Gücükoğlu A, Can C. Investigation of major carbapenemase genes in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from raw milk in Black Sea region of Turkey. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Characterisation of AmpC / ESBL genes in some pathogen gram-negatives isolated from clinical cases of livestock and companion animals. ACTA VET-BEOGRAD 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/acve-2021-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study was aimed to search and characterize the AmpC and/or ESBL genes of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical cases of local livestock and companion animals between 2017 and 2019. A total of eight ceftiofur-resistant E. coli (n= 7) and ceftiofur-resistant K. pneumoniae (n= 1) and seven P. aeruginosa were isolated from different cases in local animals. By combination disc method, six E. coli isolates and one K. pneumoniae isolate were found to be ESBL producers. By combination of the disc method and double disc synergy test, no P. aeruginosa isolates were found as ESBL producers. In the agar disc diffusion test (ADDT) performed with cefoxitin and cefoxitin-boronic, only one E. coli was determined as AmpC producer. In ESBL-producing isolates, only the CTX-M class gene was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent sequence analysis revealed CTX-M-3 and CTX-M-15 variants. An AmpC positive E. coli isolate was found to carry plasmidic ampC gene in cmy-2 variant from CIT family. It was observed that P. aeruginosa isolates did not carry the plasmidic ampC gene. After the chromosomal ampC gene of one P. aeruginosa was amplified by PCR and sequenced, R79Q and T105A mutations in the chromosomal ampC gene was revealed. This showed that overproduction of the ampC enzyme is involved in the resistance to β-lactams in P. aeruginosa isolates in the study.
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Kristianingtyas L, Effendi MH, Witaningrum AM, Wardhana DK, Ugbo EN. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in companion dogs in animal clinics, Surabaya, Indonesia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2021. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2021.232-236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The practice of keeping animals as pets is becoming increasingly common. The upsurge of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms of animal origin is a health threat globally. This study aimed to identify the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in companion dogs in animal clinics in Surabaya, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods: A total of 85 rectal swab samples were collected from companion dogs at five animal clinics in different regions of Surabaya, Indonesia. The presence of E. coli was identified from the samples using standard methods, followed by antibiotic sensitivity testing. The resistant isolates were examined for the presence of ESBL using the double-disk synergy test method. The phenotypically identified ESBL-producing E. coli was further confirmed with an automated system using Vitek-2.
Results: The rectal swab samples (n=85) tested were 100% positive for E. coli isolates. Eight (9.41%) out of the 85 E. coli obtained from rectal swabs were extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. All eight ESBL-producing E. coli were identified by automated Vitek-2 confirmatory tests.
Conclusion: This study provides insight into the prevalence of ESBL-producing organisms isolated from companion dogs in Indonesia. This work indicates the need for the general public to be more aware of the role of companion animals in disseminating pathogenic organisms, since they serve as potential reservoirs in the spread of antibiotic resistance affecting human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luviana Kristianingtyas
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Postgraduate Student on Veterinary Public Health Study, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Dhandy Koesoemo Wardhana
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Emmanuel Nnabuike Ugbo
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
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Awandkar SP, Kulkarni MB, Khode NV. Bacteria from bovine clinical mastitis showed multiple drug resistance. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:147-158. [PMID: 34570328 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mastitis, which often manifests as udder infection in dairy animals, is of great concern as it affects public health and results in heavy economic losses to the dairy industry. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the cultivable bacterial species associated with bovine clinical mastitis and their resistance patterns towards different antimicrobials. The milk samples from cows suffering from clinical mastitis during monsoon season were investigated. The prevalence of clinical mastitis was significantly high in Holstein-Friesian crossbred cows, followed by in Jersey crossbred, Red Kandhari and Deoni. Significantly high prevalence was observed during 4th to 6th months of lactation. A total of 110 bacterial isolates belonging to 14 different genera were isolated and identified. Aminoglycosides and quinolones were found to be the most effective antibiotics. Vancomycin resistant penicillinase producing Gram positive bacteria were demonstrated. Gram negative bacteria resistant to extended spectrum β lactamases, cephalosporins, tetracyclines, vancomycin and chloramphenicol as well as vancomycin resistant enterococci, multiple drug resistant (MDR) gram negative rods, MDR Pseudomonas and MDR Acinetobacter were found. Widespread resistance of Streptococcus uberis towards cephalosporins was documented. Variable MDR patterns were recorded within a single species. MDR transfer from non-pathogens to emerging foodborne and established mastitis pathogens could be a potential problem to the dairy industry as well as to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar P Awandkar
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir, Maharashtra, India.
- Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Mahesh B Kulkarni
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir, Maharashtra, India
- Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Narendra V Khode
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir, Maharashtra, India
- Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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Lalhruaipuii K, Dutta TK, Roychoudhury P, Chakraborty S, Subudhi PK, Samanta I, Bandyopadhayay S, Singh SB. Multidrug-Resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Pathotypes in North Eastern Region of India: Backyard Small Ruminants-Human-Water Interface. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1664-1671. [PMID: 34191610 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 648 diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) were isolated from calves (n = 219), lambs (n = 87), kids (n = 103), human (n = 193), and water (n = 46) samples. The presence of enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), and shigatoxigenic E. coli (STEC) was confirmed by PCR-based detection of the Shiga toxin, intimin, hemolysin, and enterotoxin genes. All the isolates were tested for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by disc diffusion assay. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), carbapenemase, and metallo-beta-lactamase production were determined by double-disk synergy test, modified Hodge test, and combined disk test assays. AMR genes (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaCMY-2, blaNDM, blaKPC, blaVIM, and blaIMP) were detected by PCR using specific primers. Majority of the isolates from human and water exhibited resistance (>80%) against amoxicillin, ampicillin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, cefixime, gentamicin, ceftazidime, and cefalexin, and against imipenem (70.98%), doripenem (70.47%), and ertapenem (60.62%). Bovine isolates were sensitive to carbapenems. Many isolates (5.75-24.35%) from human, water, calves, kids, and lambs were multidrug resistant (MDR), with resistance against three or more classes of antimicrobials. A total of 170/648 (26.23%) isolates were classified as STEC (9.88%), EPEC (4.32%), and ETEC (12.04%). The AMR genes, including blaTEM, blaCMY2, blaCTX-M, and blaSHV were detected in the E. coli from all sources. but blaNDM and blaKPC were detected only in the isolates from human and water. Three STEC isolates from human origin possessed multiple ESBLs, carbapenemase and metallo-beta-lactamase genes reported for the first time. ESBLs producing EPEC and ETEC in lambs and kids are also reported under this study. Presence of MDR-DEC in domestic animals and common potable water poses public health concern in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Parimal Roychoudhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Satyaki Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Prasant K Subudhi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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Abboud Z, Galuppo L, Tolone M, Vitale M, Puleio R, Osman M, Loria GR, Hamze M. Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Bacterial Pathogens from Bovine and Caprine Mastitis in Northern Lebanon. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1148. [PMID: 34071800 PMCID: PMC8228836 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an infectious disease encountered in dairy animals worldwide that is currently a growing concern in Lebanon. This study aimed at investigating the etiology of the main mastitis-causing pathogens in Northern Lebanon, determining their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and identifying their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. A total of 101 quarter milk samples were collected from 77 cows and 11 goats presenting symptoms of mastitis on 45 dairy farms. Bacterial identification was carried out through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Molecular characterization included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC among Enterobacterales isolates, and virulence factors among Staphylococcus isolates. Escherichia coli isolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. The most frequently identified species were Streptococcus uberis (19.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (15.1%), E. coli (12.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10.96%). Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to macrolides and tetracycline, whereas gram-negative bacteria displayed resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. Two ESBL genes, blaTEM (83.3%) and blaOXA (16.7%), and one AmpC beta-lactamase gene, blaCMY-II (16.7%), were detected among six E. coli isolates, which mainly belonged to phylogenetic group B1. Among Staphylococcus spp., the mecA gene was present in three isolates. Furthermore, four isolates contained at least one toxin gene, and all S. aureus isolates carried the ica operon. These findings revealed the alarming risk of AMR in the Lebanese dairy chain and the importance of monitoring antimicrobial usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahie Abboud
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon;
| | - Lucia Galuppo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (L.G.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Marco Tolone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Maria Vitale
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (L.G.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberto Puleio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (L.G.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Marwan Osman
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon;
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Guido Ruggero Loria
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sicilia, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, Italy; (L.G.); (M.V.); (R.P.)
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie Santé et Environnement, Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli P.O. Box 146404, Lebanon;
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Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharyya D, Samanta I, Banerjee J, Habib M, Dutta TK, Dutt T. Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Biofilm-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Healthy Cattle and Cattle with Diarrhea. Microb Drug Resist 2021; 27:1457-1469. [PMID: 33913759 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study describes comparative occurrence and characterization of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) in healthy cattle (HC) and cattle with diarrhea (DC) in India. During 2018-2020, 72 MDR isolates, including 35 E. coli (DC: 27; HC 8) and 37 K. pneumoniae (DC: 34; HC: 3), from 251 rectal swabs (DC: 219; HC: 32) were investigated for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC type β-lactamase and carbapenemase production, antimicrobial susceptibility profile, biofilm production, and efflux pump activity. Fifty-five MDR isolates were ESBL producers (ESBLPs) (DC: 50; HC: 5) and ESBLPs from DC were coresistant to multiple antibiotics. The blaCTX-M gene (50) was the most frequently detected β-lactamases followed by blaAmpC (22), blaTEM1 (13), blaCMY-6 (6), blaOXA1 (5), blaPER (2), blaDHA, and blaFOX and blaSHV12 (1 each). Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnrB, qnrS, qnrA, and qepA were detected in 18, 16, 2, and 3 isolates, respectively. Twenty three isolates revealed mutation in gyrA and parC genes. Tetracycline-resistance markers tetA, tetB, tetC, and tetE were detected in 33, 10, 3, and 2 isolates, respectively. Only one of the 41 imipenem-resistant isolates harbored blaNDM-5 and two were colistin-resistant. Altogether, 20 MDR isolates were strong biofilm producers and 19 harbored different virulence factors. This is the first ever report from India on the presence of MDR Enterobacteriaceae with resistance to even last-resort antimicrobials in the bovine diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Jaydeep Banerjee
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | - Md Habib
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Eastern Regional Station, Kolkata, India
| | - Tapan K Dutta
- C.V.Sc. & A.H, Central Agricultural University, Aizawl, India
| | - Triveni Dutt
- Division of Livestock Production and Management, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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Elmonir W, Shalaan S, Tahoun A, Mahmoud SF, Remela EMA, Eissa R, El-Sharkawy H, Shukry M, Zahran RN. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genotyping of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in foods of cattle origin, diarrheic cattle, and diarrheic humans in Egypt. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:8. [PMID: 33546735 PMCID: PMC7863457 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00402-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a pathotype of E. coli that causes enteric and systemic diseases ranging from diarrhoea to severe hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) STEC from cattle sources has increased public health risk and limited treatment options. The prevalence of STEC was investigated in 200 raw food samples (milk and beef samples) and 200 diarrheic samples (cattle and human samples) in a matched region. The presence of stx genes (stx1 and stx2), carbapenemase-encoding genes (blaVIM, blaNDM-1, and blaIMP), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes (blaTEM group, blaCTX-M1 group, and blaOXA-1 group) was screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiogram and Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR were also conducted. STEC isolates were identified in 6.5% (13/200) of food samples [6% (6/100) of milk and 7% (7/100) of beef samples] and in 11% (22/200) of diarrheic cases [12% (12/100) of cattle and 10% (10/100) of human samples]. We found that O26 (4.5%, 18/400) and O111 (1.5%, 6/400) were the most prevalent STEC serovars and were found more commonly in diarrheic samples. STEC strains with both stx genes, stx2 only, and stx1 only genotypes were present in 62.9% (22/35), 20% (7/35), and 17.1% (6/35) of isolates, respectively. Carbapenemase-producing STEC (CP STEC) isolates were found in 1.8% (7/400) of samples [0.5% (1/200) of foods and 3% (6/200) of diarrheic cases]. The blaVIM gene was detected in all CP STEC isolates, and one human isolate carried the blaNDM-1 gene. ESBL-producing STEC strains were detected in 4.3% (17/400) of samples [1.5% (3/200) of food samples and 7% (14/200) of diarrheic cases]. The blaTEM, blaCTX-M1, and blaOXA-1 genes were detected in 42.9% (15/35), 28.6% (10/35), and 2.9% (1/35) of STEC isolates, respectively. Approximately half (51.4%, 18/35) of STEC isolates were MDR STEC; all CP STEC and ESBL-producing STEC were also MDR STEC. The highest antimicrobial resistance rates were found against nalidixic acid (51.4%) and ampicillin (48.6%), whereas the lowest rates were reported against gentamicin (5.7%) and ciprofloxacin (11.4%). MDR STEC strains were 5.3 times more likely to be found in diarrheic cases than in foods (P = 0.009, 95% CI 1.5-18.7). ERIC-PCR was used for genotyping STEC isolates into 27 different ERIC-types (ETs) with a discrimination index of 0.979. Five ETs showed clusters of 2-4 identical isolates that shared the same virulence and antibiotic resistance genetic profile. Human isolates matched food isolates in two of these ET clusters (the O26 CP STEC cluster and the O111 STEC cluster), highlighting the potential cross-species zoonotic transmission of these pathogens and/or their genes in the study region. This is the first detection of CP STEC in milk and diarrheic cattle in Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Elmonir
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Samar Shalaan
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Amin Tahoun
- Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Samy F Mahmoud
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science,, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Food Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Etab M Abo Remela
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Radwa Eissa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hanem El-Sharkawy
- Department of Poultry and Rabbit Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Rasha N Zahran
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat, Egypt
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Agrawal S, Singh AP, Singh R, Saikia R, Choudhury S, Shukla A, Prabhu SN, Agrawal J. Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolated from postpartum uterine infection in dairy cattle in India. Vet World 2021; 14:200-209. [PMID: 33642805 PMCID: PMC7896901 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.200-209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Selection and dissemination of plasmid-encoded extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) among Enterobacteriaceae confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing organisms isolated from dairy cattle with a uterine infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial isolates (n=62) were characterized by biochemical test for genus and species determination. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method using panel of antibiotics for initial screening of ESBL organism. Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL-suspected strains was done by combination disk method and double-disk method. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out for phylogrouping of Escherichia coli isolates as well as for genotyping ESBL genes. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR method was used for genotypic characterization of isolates. RESULTS Antibiotic susceptibility profile of E. coli (n=40) isolates showed high rates of resistance for ampicillin (95.0%), cefpodoxime (97.5%), cefotaxime (87.5%), and ceftriaxone (70%). However, low rates of resistance were observed for cefoxitin (25%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (20%), ceftazidime (17.5%), gentamicin (10%), and ertapenem (7.5%). A total of 39/40 E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL with Epsilometer test as well as the genotypic method and 28 (70%) of them were multidrug-resistant. Genotype blaCTX-M was observed as a predominant beta-lactamase type with the preponderance of CTX-M Group 1. The following combinations were observed: blaTEM + blaCTX-M in 15 (36.2%) isolates, blaTEM /blaSHV in 8 (5.2%) isolates, and blaCTX-M /blaSHV in 6 (5.2%) isolates. The phylogenetic grouping of E. coli strains revealed the highest prevalence for B1 (22.0%) followed by A (20%). CONCLUSION This report shows a high frequency of ESBL E. coli from cattle with postpartum uterine infections. These isolates showed reduced susceptibility to common antibiotics used for the treatment of uterine infections greater affecting the therapeutic outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Agrawal
- College of Biotechnology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Ewam Gau Anusandhan Sansthan Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Pratap Singh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Ewam Gau Anusandhan Sansthan Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rashmi Singh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Ewam Gau Anusandhan Sansthan Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raktim Saikia
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Ewam Gau Anusandhan Sansthan Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soumen Choudhury
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Ewam Gau Anusandhan Sansthan Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Shukla
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Ewam Gau Anusandhan Sansthan Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shyama N. Prabhu
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Ewam Gau Anusandhan Sansthan Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jitendra Agrawal
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Gynecology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidhyalaya Ewam Gau Anusandhan Sansthan Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Das MK, Mahapatra A, Pathi B, Panigrahy R, Pattnaik S, Mishra SS, Mahapatro S, Swain P, Das J, Dixit S, Sahoo SN, Pillai RN. Harmonized One Health Trans-Species and Community Surveillance for Tackling Antibacterial Resistance in India: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e23241. [PMID: 33124993 PMCID: PMC7665953 DOI: 10.2196/23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background India has the largest burden of drug‑resistant organisms compared with other countries around the world, including multiresistant and extremely drug‑resistant tuberculosis and resistant Gram‑negative and Gram‑positive bacteria. Antibiotic resistant bacteria are found in all living hosts and in the environment and move between hosts and ecosystems. An intricate interplay of infections, exposure to antibiotics, and disinfectants at individual and community levels among humans, animals, birds, and fishes triggers evolution and spread of resistance. The One Health framework proposes addressing antibiotic resistance as a complex multidisciplinary problem. However, the evidence base in the Indian context is limited. Objective This multisectoral, trans-species surveillance project aims to document the infection and resistance patterns of 7 resistant-priority bacteria and the risk factors for resistance following the One Health framework and geospatial epidemiology. Methods This hospital- and community-based surveillance adopts a cross-sectional design with mixed methodology (quantitative, qualitative, and spatial) data collection. This study is being conducted at 6 microbiology laboratories and communities in Khurda district, Odisha, India. The laboratory surveillance collects data on bacteria isolates from different hosts and their resistance patterns. The hosts for infection surveillance include humans, animals (livestock, food chain, and pet animals), birds (poultry), and freshwater fishes (not crustaceans). For eligible patients, animals, birds and fishes, detailed data from their households or farms on health care seeking (for animals, birds and fishes, the illness, and care seeking of the caretakers), antibiotic use, disinfection practices, and neighborhood exposure to infection risks will be collected. Antibiotic prescription and use patterns at hospitals and clinics, and therapeutic and nontherapeutic antibiotic and disinfectant use in farms will also be collected. Interviews with key informants from animal breeding, agriculture, and food processing will explore the perceptions, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use. The data analysis will follow quantitative (descriptive and analytical), qualitative, and geospatial epidemiology principles. Results The study was funded in May 2019 and approved by Institute Ethics Committees in March 2019. The data collection started in September 2019 and shall continue till March 2021. As of June 2020, data for 56 humans, 30 animals and birds, and fishes from 10 ponds have been collected. Data analysis is yet to be done. Conclusions This study will inform about the bacterial infection and resistance epidemiology among different hosts, the risk factors for infection, and resistance transmission. In addition, it will identify the potential triggers and levers for further exploration and action. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/23241
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Affiliation(s)
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- The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoja Kumar Das
- Department of Public Health, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashoka Mahapatra
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Basanti Pathi
- Department of Microbiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rajashree Panigrahy
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swetalona Pattnaik
- Department of Microbiology, Hi-Tech Medical College, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sudhansu Shekhar Mishra
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Samarendra Mahapatro
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Priyabrat Swain
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Jayakrushna Das
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry (OUAT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Shikha Dixit
- Department of Environmental Health, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
| | - Satya Narayan Sahoo
- Fish Health Management Division, Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rakesh N Pillai
- Department of Public Health, The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India
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20
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Tamta S, O R VK, B S P, R K, Rupner RN, G E C, Dubal ZB, Sinha DK, Singh BR. Faecal carriage of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase(NDM) producing Escherichia coli between piglets and pig farmworkers. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101564. [PMID: 33120298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A cross-sectional study on five organized pig farms was conducted to assess the faecal carriage of ESBL and blaNDM carbapenemase-producing E. coli in piglets and pig farmworkers. Faecal samples from piglets (n = 155) and pig farmworkers (n = 21) were processed for isolation and characterization of E. coli. A total of 124 E. coli isolates from piglets and 21 E. coli isolates pig farmworkers were recovered and screening for ESBL production showed that 44.4 % (55/124) of the isolates from piglets and 42.9 % (9/21) of the isolates from farmworkers were ESBL positive. The ESBL positive isolates from piglets and farmworkers harbored blaCTX-M and also co-harbored other beta-lactams, sulphonamide, quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes. Diarrhoeic (50%, 49/98) and crossbred piglets (52.7%, 39/74) harbored a significantly higher number of ESBL producing isolates than non-diarrhoeic (23.1 %, 6/26) and purebred piglets (32%, 16/50) (p < 0.05). Piglets and pig farmworkers harbored nine and two carbapenem-resistant isolates, respectively. Interestingly, two isolates from piglets and one isolate from farmworkers harbored the blaNDM gene. The blaNDM positive E. coli isolated from piglets and farmworkers of the same farm revealed similar antibacterial resistance patterns, resistant genes, sequence (ST-167) and plasmid type (IncX3). In India, carbapenems are not used in food animal treatment, hence carbapenem resistant E. coli in piglets possibly originated from the human contact or common environment and is of public health importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Tamta
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vinodh Kumar O R
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India.
| | - Pruthvishree B S
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College, Gadag, Karnataka, India
| | - Karthikeyan R
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Ramkumar N Rupner
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Chethan G E
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Mizoram, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - D K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - B R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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21
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Bandyopadhyay S, Samanta I. Antimicrobial Resistance in Agri-Food Chain and Companion Animals as a Re-emerging Menace in Post-COVID Epoch: Low-and Middle-Income Countries Perspective and Mitigation Strategies. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:620. [PMID: 33195500 PMCID: PMC7581709 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) leads to enormous financial losses from issues such as high morbidity, mortality, man-days lost, hospital length of stay, health-care, and social costs. In humans, over prescription of antimicrobials, which is presumably higher during COVID, has been identified as the major source of selection for antimicrobial resistant bacteria; however, use of antimicrobials in food and companion animals, fish, and vegetables, and the environmental resistance gene pool, also play important roles. The possibilities of unnecessary use of antibiotics as prophylaxis during and after COVID in livestock and companion animals exist in low-and middle-income countries. A considerable loss in gross domestic product (GDP) is also projected in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to AMR by the year 2050, which is further going to be reduced due to economic slowdown in the post-COVID period. Veterinary hospitals dedicated to pets have cropped up, especially in urban areas of LMICs where use of antimicrobials has also been increased substantially. The inevitable preventive habit built up during COVID with the frequent use of hand sanitizer might trigger AMR due to the presence of cross-resistance with disinfectants. In LMICs, due to the rising demand for animal protein, industrial food animal production (IFAP) is slowly replacing the small-scale backyard farming system. The lack of stringent regulations and monitoring increased the non-therapeutic use of antimicrobials in industrial farms where the persistence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria has been associated with several factors other than antimicrobial use, such as co-resistance, cross-resistance, bacterial fitness, mixing of new and old animals, and vectors or reservoirs of bacterial infection. The present review describes types of antimicrobials used in agri-food chains and companion animals in LMICs with identification of the gap in data, updated categories of prevalent antimicrobial resistant bacteria, the role of animal farms as reservoirs of resistant bacteria, and mitigation strategies, with a special focus on the pivotal strategy needed in the post-COVID period.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
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22
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Singh F, Hirpurkar SD, Rawat N, Shakya S, Kumar R, Rajput PK, Kumar S. Occurrence of the genes encoding carbapenemases, ESBLs and class 1 integron-integrase among fermenting and non-fermenting bacteria from retail goat meat. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 71:611-619. [PMID: 32767781 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study was planned to detect the genes encoding carbapenemases, ESBLs and class 1 integron-integrase among bacteria obtained from retail goat meat. Fermenting and non-fermenting bacterial isolates (n = 57), recovered from 61 goat meat samples, were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was tested by the broth dilution method using ceftazidime, cefotaxime, meropenem and imipenem. Plasmids were isolated and tested for their physical characters. Plasmids were subjected to screening of carbapenemase, ESBL and intI1 gene. Conjugation assay was performed using blaNDM -positive isolates as the donor, and Escherichia coli HB101 as the recipient. Isolates showed the high rates of resistance to ceftazidime (77·2%), cefotaxime (70·2%), meropenem (22·8%) and imipenem (17·5%). They showed variability in number and size (~1 to >20 kb) of plasmids. Among all, 1, 4, 13 and 31 isolates showed the blaKPC , blaNDM , blaSHV and blaTEM genes, respectively. The blaKPC-2 gene was observed in one E. coli isolate. The blaNDM-1 gene was detected in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 2), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 1) and Ochrobactrum anthropi (n = 1) isolates. These isolates co-harboured the blaTEM and blaSHV genes. The intI1 gene was detected in 22 (38·6%) isolates, and 16 of these isolates showed the carbapenemase and/or ESBL genes. The conjugative movement of blaNDM gene could not be proved after three repetitive mating experiments. The presence of genes encoding carbapenemases and ESBLs in bacteria from goat meat poses public health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Singh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Chhattisgarh, India.,Animal Health Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - S D Hirpurkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - N Rawat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - S Shakya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - R Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Section, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - P K Rajput
- Animal Biotechnology Section, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
| | - S Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Section, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Rajasthan, India
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23
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Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in street foods: a public health concern. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:1247-1261. [PMID: 33746253 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern and virulence genes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from foods of animal origin were evaluated. Based on combination disc method and ESBL E test, 42 of the 213 E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers where a high presence was observed in raw foods (60.62%), environmental samples (46.73%) and ready to eat foods (42.99%) of which 31(26.49%), 3(6.97%) and 7(15.21%) samples harbored ESBL E. coli, respectively. Higher contamination rates were observed in samples collected from meat vendors (54.36%), milk vendors (48.88%) and egg vendors (45.20%) of which 16.1%, 11.11% and 2.05%, respectively were ESBL E. coli. Among the 42 ESBL isolates, 85.71% (36/42) were multidrug-resistant. On polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, expression of beta-lactamase genes viz., blaCTXM was noted in 69.04% (29/42) ESBL isolates, blaTEM in 66.66% (28/42) and blaOXA-1 in 19.04% (8/42) isolates, while blaSHV was not detected in any of the isolates. Other AMR genes viz., blaAmpC, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), catI, dhfrI, aac(3)-IIa(aacC2), aph(3')-Ia(aphA1), qnrB, qnrS were detected by PCR in 39, 28, 29, 3, 9, 5, 17, 11, 6, 6 and 33 isolates, respectively. None of the isolates harbored chloramphenicol (floR) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) (qnrA) genes. However, 21 isolates were positive for class I integron (int1), 5 for EPEC (eae) and 9 for ETEC (lt) while none were carrying bfp or stII genes. All ESBL producing isolates formed a single group when subjected to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC PCR) genotyping. The presence of multidrug-resistant ESBL E. coli in street foods of animal origin raises the issues of food safety and public health.
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24
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Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and first report of blaVIM carbapenemases gene in calves from India. Epidemiol Infect 2020; 147:e159. [PMID: 31063112 PMCID: PMC6518490 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268819000463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study on six dairy farms was conducted to ascertain the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli in calves. Two-hundred and seventy-nine isolates of E. coli were recovered from 90 faecal samples from apparently healthy (45) and diarrhoeal (45) calves. The isolates were screened for phenotypic susceptibility to carbapenems and production of metallo β-lactamase, as well as five carbapenemase resistance genes by PCR, and overexpression of efflux pumps. Eighty-one isolates (29.03%) were resistant to at least one of three carbapenem antibiotics [meropenem (23.30%), imipenem (2.15%) and ertapenem (1.43%)], and one isolate was positive for the blaVIM gene which was located on an Incl1 plasmid of a novel sequence type (ST 297) by multilocus sequence typing. The majority (83.95%) of isolates had an active efflux pump. Calves housed on concrete floors were approximately seven times more likely to acquire meropenem-resistant isolates than those housed on earthen floors (95% CI 1.27–41.54). In India, carbapenem drugs are not used in food animal treatment, hence carbapenem-resistant strains in calves possibly originate from the natural environment or human contact and is of public health importance. To our knowledge, this is the first report of blaVIM carbapenemases gene in calves from India.
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25
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Dantas Palmeira J, Ferreira HMN. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in cattle production - a threat around the world. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03206. [PMID: 32042963 PMCID: PMC7002838 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Food producing animal is a global challenge in terms of antimicrobial resistance spread. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are relevant opportunistic pathogens that may spread in many ecological niches of the One Health approach as human, animal and environment due to intestinal selection of antimicrobial resistant commensals in food production animals. Cattle production is a relevant ecological niche for selection of commensal bacteria with antimicrobial resistance from microbiota. Enterobacteriaceae show importance in terms of circulation of resistant-bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes via food chain creating a resistance reservoir, setting up a threat for colonization of humans and consequent health risk. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a threat in terms of human health responsible for life threatening outbreaks and silent enteric colonization of community populations namely the elder population. Food associated colonization is a risk difficult to handle and control. In a time of globalization of food trading, population intestinal colonization is a mirror of food production and in that sense this work aims to make a picture of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in animal production for food over the world in order to make some light in this reality of selection of resistant threats in food producing animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josman Dantas Palmeira
- Microbiology - Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, REQUIMTE, Portugal
| | - Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
- Microbiology - Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, REQUIMTE, Portugal
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26
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Singh F, Hirpurkar SD, Rawat N, Shakya S, Kumar R, Kumar S, Meena RK, Rajput PK, Kumar J. Carbapenemase and ESBL genes with class 1 integron among fermenting and nonfermenting bacteria isolated from water sources from India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 71:70-77. [PMID: 31587338 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to detect the carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), and intI1 gene of class 1 integron among fermenting (n = 61) and nonfermenting (n = 10) bacterial isolates recovered from water samples (n = 128). Isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. These isolates showed reduced-susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. The isolates varied in number and size of plasmids (2 kb to >20 kb). Plasmid DNA screening showed 5·6, 7, 11·2 and 26·7% prevalence of blaKPC , blaNDM , blaSHV and blaTEM genes respectively. Diverse blaNDM (blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-4 ) and blaSHV subtypes (blaSHV-2 and blaSHV-11 ) were recorded, unlike the single allelic blaKPC (blaKPC-2 ) and blaTEM (blaTEM-1 ) gene. Of the total 27 bla-gene-producing bacterial isolates, seven isolates co-harboured the carbapenemase genes (blaNDM or blaKPC or the both) along with the ESBL genes (blaSHV or blaTEM ). The intI1 gene of class 1 integron was detected among 12 (44·4%) of ESBL- and/or carbapenemase-harbouring isolates. Gene transferability was seen among four of the 10 Enterobacteriaceae donors. Carbapenemases and ESBLs with class 1 integron among aquatic environmental isolates raise the serious issue of the biosecurity and health of the ecosystem. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Anthropologically affected and polluted environment harbours the resistance threats, where a diverse bacterial species maintain, develop and exchange genetic determinants that constitute a risk to human and ecological health. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria caused the failure of the therapy of last resort (carbapenems) and thus lead to life-threatening infections affecting public health. Surveillance and monitoring of AMR could be important for epidemiological, diagnostic testing and control of pathogens. This is a point-prevalence study reporting the comparative occurrence and co-occurrence of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes among fermenting and nonfermenting bacteria isolated from the aquatic environment in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Singh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Durg, India.,Animal Health Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Tonk, India
| | - S D Hirpurkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Durg, India
| | - N Rawat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Durg, India
| | - S Shakya
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Anjora, Durg, India
| | - R Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Section, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Tonk, India
| | - S Kumar
- Animal Biotechnology Section, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Tonk, India
| | - R K Meena
- Animal Health Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Tonk, India
| | - P K Rajput
- Animal Biotechnology Section, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Tonk, India
| | - J Kumar
- Animal Health Division, ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, Tonk, India
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27
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Environmental Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistance Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in a Tropical Ecosystem in India: Human Health Perspectives and Future Directives. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040174. [PMID: 31581701 PMCID: PMC6963203 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, infectious diseases have become increasingly challenging to treat, which is explained by the growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Notably, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections at global level attribute a vast, dangerous clinical threat. In most cases, there are enormous difficulties for CRE infection except a few last resort toxic drugs such as tigecycline and colistin (polymyxin E). Due to this, CRE has now been categorized as one among the three most dangerous multidrug resistance (MDR) pathogens by the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Considering this, the study of the frequency of CRE infections and the characterization of CRE is an important area of research in clinical settings. However, MDR bacteria are not only present in hospitals but are spreading more and more into the environment, thereby increasing the risk of infection with resistant bacteria outside the hospital. In this context, developing countries are a global concern where environmental regulations are often insufficient. It seems likely that overcrowding, poor sanitation, socioeconomic status, and limited infrastructures contribute to the rapid spread of MDR bacteria, becoming their reservoirs in the environment. Thus, in this review, we present the occurrence of CRE and their resistance determinants in different environmental compartments in India.
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28
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Murinda SE, Ibekwe AM, Rodriguez NG, Quiroz KL, Mujica AP, Osmon K. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Mastitis: An International Perspective. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:229-243. [PMID: 30624967 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogen profile of Escherichia coli mastitis reveals a complex etiology involving commensal, environmental, and other distinct E. coli pathotypes such as enteropathogenic E. coli and of recent, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) have been associated with bovine intramammary infections (IMI). Many researchers have not been testing for STEC and focused on E. coli detection without further subtyping, and as such, the prevalence of STEC in mastitis remains underdiagnosed and underreported. Owing to the dearth of information on STEC involvement in IMI, this review provides an international perspective on the prevalence of STEC in mastitis. In addition, predominant serotypes, ancillary virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of STEC isolated from mastitis cases were summarized. This information is important for public health policy since STEC impact both animal health and human welfare. Importantly, the low infectious doses of STEC are a major concern to public health. The review highlights the need for further surveillance to ascertain the potential for environmental contamination and food chain security by STEC from bovine mastitis, and emphasizes appropriate, science-based mitigation approaches for prevention or control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelton E Murinda
- 1 Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California.,2 College of Agriculture, Center for Antimicrobial Research and Food Safety, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California
| | - A Mark Ibekwe
- 3 U.S. Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Riverside, California
| | - Nora G Rodriguez
- 1 Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California
| | - Karina L Quiroz
- 1 Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California
| | - Alexander P Mujica
- 1 Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California
| | - Kayla Osmon
- 1 Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California
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29
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Tewari R, Mitra S, Ganaie F, Das S, Chakraborty A, Venugopal N, Shome R, Rahman H, Shome BR. Dissemination and characterisation of Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases, AmpC β-lactamases and metallo-β-lactamases from livestock and poultry in Northeast India: A molecular surveillance approach. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 17:209-215. [PMID: 30634056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify and characterise probable extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-, AmpC lactamase- and/or metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing Escherichia coli variants circulating in the livestock and poultry environment to establish their epidemiological significance, genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends and virulence. METHODS The culture method and E. coli-specific multiplex PCR identified 78 E. coli strains from faecal samples of healthy livestock and poultry. The antibiogram was determined by the disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Antimicrobial-resistant E. coli isolates were screened for the presence of ESBL, AmpC and MBL genes. Isolates were further characterised by plasmid replicon typing, integron assay and virulence gene analysis. Genetic diversity was assessed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). RESULTS ESBL (CTX-M group 1, CTX-M group 4, TEM), AmpC (EBC, FOX, CMY, DHA) and MBL (IMP, SIM) resistance determinants were identified in 75%, 19% and 6% of isolates, respectively. Nine plasmid replicon types were distributed among resistant E. coli strains, with the most common plasmid replicon types being L/M and Y. Integrons were detected in 19% of E. coli isolates. RAPD analysis categorised the E. coli isolates into three clusters. MLST revealed seven different sequence types (STs), with ST10 being the most common. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated a high prevalence of animals carrying potential ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli and emphasises the need for rigorous surveillance in the animal sector to identify critical control points conducive to prevent the rapid dissemination of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Tewari
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; Department of Microbiology, Jain University, Bengaluru 560011, India
| | - Susweta Mitra
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru 560078, India
| | - Feroze Ganaie
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary/Allergy/Critical Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sangita Das
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Anamika Chakraborty
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Nimita Venugopal
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; Department of Microbiology, Jain University, Bengaluru 560011, India
| | - Rajeswari Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India
| | - Habibur Rahman
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India; International Livestock Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Bibek R Shome
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengaluru 560064, India.
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30
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Das UN, Singh AS, Lekshmi M, Nayak BB, Kumar S. Characterization of bla NDM-harboring, multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from seafood. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2455-2463. [PMID: 30471059 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) have evolved into a major challenge to antibiotic therapy worldwide. The problem is more confounding when wider dissemination of CRE occurs in the community and the environment. In this study, six blaNDM-harboring Enterobacteriaceae, four Klebsiella pneumoniae, and two Escherichia coli, isolated from seafood, were characterized with respect to their antibiotic resistance and the genetic factors responsible for these resistances. The isolates were resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics, quinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline and were susceptible to colistin, polymixin B, fosfomycin, and tigecycline. Four isolates harbored New Delhi metallo β-lactamase (blaNDM-5 genes, while one isolate each harbored blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-2 genes, respectively. The blaNDM genes in all the isolates were flanked by an upstream, truncated ISAba125, and downstream bleMBL-trpF genes. Conjugation experiments showed that the NDM plasmids were readily transmissible. Further, the two blaNDM-positive E. coli isolates belonged to the multidrug-resistant ST131 clone. This study highlights the growing danger of seafood as carriers of multidrug-resistant bacteria leading to their wider dissemination in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Narayan Das
- QC Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Asem Sanjit Singh
- QC Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Manjusha Lekshmi
- QC Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Binaya Bhusan Nayak
- QC Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Sanath Kumar
- QC Laboratory, Post Harvest Technology Department, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India.
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Madec JY, Haenni M. Antimicrobial resistance plasmid reservoir in food and food-producing animals. Plasmid 2018; 99:72-81. [PMID: 30194944 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) plasmids have been recognized as important vectors for efficient spread of AMR phenotypes. The food reservoir includes both food-producing animals and food products, and a huge diversity of AMR plasmids have been reported in this sector. Based on molecular typing methods and/or whole genome sequencing approaches, certain AMR genes/plasmids combinations were found more frequently in food compared to other settings. However, the food source of a definite AMR plasmid is highly complex to confirm due to cross-sectorial transfers and international spread of AMR plasmids. For risk assessment purposes related to human health, AMR plasmids found in food and bearing genes conferring resistances to critically important antibiotics in human medicine - such as to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems or colistin - have been under specific scrutiny these last years. Those plasmids are often multidrug resistant and their dissemination can be driven by the selective pressure exerted by any of the antibiotics concerned. Also, AMR plasmids carry numerous other genes conferring vital properties to the bacterial cell and are recurrently subjected to evolutionary steps such as hybrid plasmids, making the epidemiology of AMR plasmids in food a moving picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Yves Madec
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Anses Laboratoire de Lyon - Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Köck R, Daniels-Haardt I, Becker K, Mellmann A, Friedrich AW, Mevius D, Schwarz S, Jurke A. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in wildlife, food-producing, and companion animals: a systematic review. Clin Microbiol Infect 2018; 24:1241-1250. [PMID: 29654871 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in healthcare settings challenges clinicians worldwide. However, little is known about dissemination of CRE in livestock, food, and companion animals and potential transmission to humans. METHODS We performed a systematic review of all studies published in the PubMed database between 1980 and 2017 and included those reporting the occurrence of CRE in samples from food-producing and companion animals, wildlife, and exposed humans. The primary outcome was the occurrence of CRE in samples from these animals; secondary outcomes included the prevalence of CRE, carbapenemase types, CRE genotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities. RESULTS We identified 68 articles describing CRE among pigs, poultry, cattle, seafood, dogs, cats, horses, pet birds, swallows, wild boars, wild stork, gulls, and black kites in Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. The following carbapenemases have been detected (predominantly affecting the genera Escherichia and Klebsiella): VIM, KPC, NDM, OXA, and IMP. Two studies found that 33-67% of exposed humans on poultry farms carried carbapenemase-producing CRE closely related to isolates from the farm environment. Twenty-seven studies selectively screened samples for CRE and found a prevalence of <1% among livestock and companion animals in Europe, 2-26% in Africa, and 1-15% in Asia. Wildlife (gulls) in Australia and Europe carried CRE in 16-19%. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of CRE in livestock, seafood, wildlife, pets, and directly exposed humans poses a risk for public health. Prospective prevalence studies using molecular and cultural microbiological methods are needed to better define the scope and transmission of CRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Köck
- University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany; University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute for Hygiene, Münster, Germany; Institute of Hospital Hygiene Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - I Daniels-Haardt
- NRW Centre for Health, Section Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bochum, Germany
| | - K Becker
- University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Münster, Germany
| | - A Mellmann
- University Hospital Münster, University of Münster, Institute for Hygiene, Münster, Germany
| | - A W Friedrich
- Department for Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Mevius
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Lelystad, The Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Schwarz
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Jurke
- NRW Centre for Health, Section Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Bochum, Germany
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Nirupama KR, O R VK, Pruthvishree BS, Sinha DK, Murugan MS, Krishnaswamy N, Singh BR. Molecular characterisation of bla OXA-48 carbapenemase-, extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from farm piglets in India. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 13:201-205. [PMID: 29408382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to characterise carbapenemase-, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from farm piglets in India. METHODS Faecal samples (n=741) from 10 organised pig farms, including non-diarrhoeic (n=546) and diarrhoeic (n=195) piglets, were processed for isolation of carbapenem-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli. RESULTS A total of 27 and 243 isolates were phenotypically confirmed as carbapenem-resistant and ESBL-producers, respectively. The meropenem minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of carbapenem-resistant isolates ranged from 8-128μg/mL. On genotypic screening of the 27 carbapenem-resistant isolates, 3 isolates were positive for the blaOXA-48 carbapenemase gene; no other carbapenemase genes were detected. The 243 ESBL-producing isolates were positive for blaCTX-M-1 (n=135), qnrA (n=92), qnrB (n=112), qnrS (n=49), tetA (n=42), tetB (n=45) and sul1 (n=43). The Shiga toxin virulence markers stx1 and stx2 were detected in 41 and 38 of the 243 phenotypic ESBL-producing isolates, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of blaOXA-48-positive E. coli isolates showed ST10- and ST5053-like sequence types. CONCLUSION This is the first report on the presence of blaOXA-48-carrying E. coli in piglets in India, which pose a potential risk to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Nirupama
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Vinodh Kumar O R
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India.
| | - B S Pruthvishree
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - D K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - M Senthil Murugan
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - Narayanan Krishnaswamy
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
| | - B R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Liu Y, Liu J, Li X, Zhao K, Zhang P, Ding S. Determination of Meropenem and Ertapenem in Lagoon Water, Bedding Soil, and Silage by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1226322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianye Liu
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kunxia Zhao
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pengchun Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangyang Ding
- National Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Drug Residues, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Das A, Guha C, Biswas U, Jana PS, Chatterjee A, Samanta I. Detection of emerging antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from subclinical mastitis in cattle in West Bengal. Vet World 2017; 10:517-520. [PMID: 28620255 PMCID: PMC5465765 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.517-520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to detect antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from subclinical mastitis in cattle in West Bengal. MATERIALS AND METHODS The milk samples were collected from the cattle suffering with subclinical mastitis in West Bengal. The milk samples were inoculated into the nutrient broth and incubated at 37°C. On the next day, the growth was transferred into nutrient agar and MacConkey agar. All the pure cultures obtained from nutrient agar slant were subjected to Gram-staining and standard biochemical tests. All the bacterial isolates were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to different antibiotics commonly used in veterinary practices. All Gram-negative isolates including positive control were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaVIM, tetA, tetB, tetC, and tetM genes considered for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), metallo-β-lactamase, and tetracycline resistance. RESULTS In total, 50 Gram-negative organisms (Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter) were isolated from milk samples of subclinical mastitis infected cattle. Among these Gram-negative isolates, 48% (24/50) were found either ESBL producing or tetracycline resistant. Out of total 50 Gram-negative isolates, blaCTX-M was detected in 18 (36%) isolates, and 6 (12%) harbored blaTEM genes in PCR. None of the isolates carried blaSHV genes. Further, in this study, 5 (10%) isolates harbored tet(A) gene, and 8 (16%) isolates carried tet(B) gene. No tet(C) gene was detected from the isolates. CONCLUSION This study showed emerging trend of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria associated with subclinical mastitis in cattle in West Bengal, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Das
- Animal Resources Development Department, Institute of Animal Health and Veterinary Biologicals, Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Chanchal Guha
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Ujjwal Biswas
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Jana
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Amaresh Chatterjee
- Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Pruthvishree BS, Vinodh Kumar OR, Sinha DK, Malik YPS, Dubal ZB, Desingu PA, Shivakumar M, Krishnaswamy N, Singh BR. Spatial molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant and New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase (blaNDM)-producing Escherichia coli in the piglets of organized farms in India. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:1537-1546. [PMID: 28345184 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM A cross-sectional study was conducted in 10 government-organized pig farms between 2014 and 2016 representing seven states of India to understand the epidemiology of carbapenem resistance in the Escherichia coli. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, fecal sample (n = 673) from non-diarrheic (n = 501) and diarrheic (n = 172) piglets were processed for isolation of carbapenem resistant E. coli. Of 673, E. coli isolate (n = 112) was genotyped for confirming the carbapenem resistance and associated virulence factors. Of the 112 isolates, 23 were phenotypically resistant to carbapenem and 8 were carrying the New Delhi metallo beta-lactamase (blaNDM) gene. The carbapenem-resistant isolates also produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases and were multidrug resistant. The PCR-based pathotyping revealed the presence of stx1, stx2, eae and hlyA genes. The enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR dendrogram analysis of the isolates yielded three distinct clusters. The statistical analysis revealed no association between carriages of carbapenem-resistant E. coli in different breed of piglets however, location, sex, health status of piglets and age showed significant difference. The spatial analysis with SaTScan helped in identification of carbapenem-resistant clusters. CONCLUSIONS The presence of carbapenem resistant E. coli isolates with virulence genes in the piglet poses a potential public health risk through possible access and spread via the food chain and environment. Efflux pump may also play an important role in carbapenem resistance in piglet E. coli isolates. Furthermore, identification of risk factors in relation to spatial clusters will help in designing preventive strategies for reducing the risk of spread of carbapenem resistant bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY 1. Piglets harbor carbapenem resistant E. coli and have great public health significance. 2. Apart from carbapenemase, efflux pump is also important for carbapenem resistance. 3. This is the first report of blaNDM in the piglets from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Pruthvishree
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - O R Vinodh Kumar
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D K Sinha
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Y P S Malik
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Z B Dubal
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P A Desingu
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Shivakumar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary College, Hassan, Karnataka, India
| | - N Krishnaswamy
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - B R Singh
- Division of Epidemiology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Pardon B, Smet A, Butaye P, Argudín MA, Valgaeren B, Catry B, Haesebrouck F, Deprez P. Nosocomial Intravascular Catheter Infections with Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Calves after Strain Introduction from a Commercial Herd. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:130-136. [PMID: 25903854 PMCID: PMC7169822 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
An outbreak of intravascular catheter-related infections by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in calves in an animal teaching hospital is reported. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used for strain typing to determine the origin and dissemination of these strains. All 19 strains harboured the blaCTX-M-14, and six strains also overexpressed their chromosomal AmpC gene. Evidence on the introduction of the strain from a beef herd, experiencing neonatal diarrhoea and increased mortality, to the clinic through admission of diarrhoeic calves was provided. Strains isolated from phlebitis cases from other herds up to 5 months later showed a high similarity with the initial strain, suggesting that the strain had become nosocomial. The catheter infections with ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli resulted in a prolonged hospitalization, increased anti-microbial use and mortality. This report points towards the potential dangers of the emergence of ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria in susceptible food animals and warns farmers and veterinarians for the facility by which they are introduced into another environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Pardon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - A Smet
- Department of Bacteriology, Pathology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Butaye
- Department of Bacteriology, Pathology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, CODA-CERVA-VAR, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M A Argudín
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, CODA-CERVA-VAR, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Valgaeren
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - B Catry
- Health Care Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP), Brussels, Belgium
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Department of Bacteriology, Pathology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - P Deprez
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Zhu YQ, Zhao JY, Xu C, Zhao H, Jia N, Li YN. Identification of an NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 167 in a Neonatal Patient in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29934. [PMID: 27406405 PMCID: PMC4942816 DOI: 10.1038/srep29934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergence of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae has become a challenging threat to public health. Two carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli, strain QD28 and QD29, were recovered from the aspirating sputum of a neonate and the urine of an adult in a Chinese hospital in 2013. Molecular typing revealed that both isolates belonged to the sequence type 167, but they were clonally diverse. Both isolates exhibited resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In addition, strain QD28 was also resistant to aztreonam, and strain QD29 was resistant to amikacin, fosfomycin and minocycline. Antimicrobial resistance gene screening revealed that strain QD28 harbored aac(6′)-Ib, blaCTX-M-14, blaNDM-5, blaTEM-1 and sul1 genes, and strain QD29 harbored aac(6′)-Ib, blaCTX-M-3, blaNDM-5, blaTEM-1, rmtB, sul1 and sul2 genes. The blaNDM-5 gene was found to be located on a 46-kb plasmid in two isolates, and further sequence analysis showed that this plasmid was highly similar to the previously reported IncX3 plasmid pNDM-MGR194 in India. This is the first identification of blaNDM-5-carrying E. coli in the neonatal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Qi Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jing-Yi Zhao
- Center for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Cha Xu
- Medical College, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Medical College, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Medical College, Qingdao University, 38 Dengzhou Road, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Yan-Nian Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China
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Yaici L, Haenni M, Saras E, Boudehouche W, Touati A, Madec JY. blaNDM-5-carrying IncX3 plasmid in Escherichia coli ST1284 isolated from raw milk collected in a dairy farm in Algeria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:2671-2. [PMID: 27165785 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Yaici
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria French agency for food, environmental and occupational health safety (Anses), Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- French agency for food, environmental and occupational health safety (Anses), Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Estelle Saras
- French agency for food, environmental and occupational health safety (Anses), Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
| | - Wafa Boudehouche
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Abdelaziz Touati
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- French agency for food, environmental and occupational health safety (Anses), Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France
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Molecular Characterization and Computational Modelling of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-5 from an Escherichia coli Isolate (KOEC3) of Bovine Origin. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:182-189. [PMID: 27570310 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emergence of antimicrobial resistance mediated through New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDMs) is a serious therapeutic challenge. Till date, 16 different NDMs have been described. In this study, we report the molecular and structural characteristics of NDM-5 isolated from an Escherichia coli isolate (KOEC3) of bovine origin. Using PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of full blaNDM gene, we identified the NDM type as NDM-5. Cloning of full gene in E. coli DH5α and subsequent assessment of antibiotic susceptibility of the transformed cells indicated possible role of native promoter in expression blaNDM-5. Translated amino acid sequence had two substitutions (Val88Leu and Met154Leu) compared to NDM-1. Theoretically deduced isoelectric pH of NDM-5 was 5.88 and instability index was 36.99, indicating a stable protein. From the amino acids sequence, a 3D model of the protein was computed. Analysis of the protein structure elucidated zinc coordination and also revealed a large binding cleft and flexible nature of the protein, which might be the reason for broad substrate range. Docking experiments revealed plausible binding poses for five carbapenem drugs in the vicinity of metal ions. In conclusion, results provided possible explanation for wide range of antibiotics catalyzed by NDM-5 and likely interaction modes with five carbapenem drugs.
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Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of multidrug resistant extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from poultry and cattle in Odisha, India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2015; 29:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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blaNDM-5 carried by an IncX3 plasmid in Escherichia coli sequence type 167. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:7548-52. [PMID: 25246393 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03911-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
bla(NDM-)5 was found in Escherichia coli strain 0215 from a Chinese patient without travel history. Genomic sequencing and conjugation experiments were performed. Strain 0215 belonged to sequence type 167 (ST167) and had other resistance determinants, including bla(TEM-135), bla(CTX-M-14), and aac(6')-Ib. bla(NDM-5) was carried by a 47-kb self-transmissible IncX3 plasmid and was in a complex genetic context similar to that of bla(NDM-1) on IncX3 plasmids. IncX3 plasmids might have emerged as a common vehicle mediating the spread of bla(NDM).
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