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Hatrongjit R, Fittipaldi N, Gottschalk M, Kerdsin A. Genomic epidemiology in Streptococcus suis: Moving beyond traditional typing techniques. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27818. [PMID: 38509941 PMCID: PMC10951601 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a bacterial gram-positive pathogen that causes invasive infections in swine and is also a zoonotic disease agent. Traditional molecular typing techniques such as ribotyping, multilocus sequence typing, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, or randomly amplified polymorphic DNA have been used to investigate S. suis population structure, evolution, and genetic relationships and support epidemiological and virulence investigations. However, these traditional typing techniques do not fully reveal the genetically heterogeneous nature of S. suis strains. The high-resolution provided by whole-genome sequencing (WGS), which is now more affordable and more commonly available in research and clinical settings, has unlocked the exploration of S. suis genetics at full resolution, permitting the determination of population structure, genetic diversity, identification of virulent clades, genetic markers, and other bacterial features of interest. This approach will likely become the new gold standard for S. suis strain typing as WGS instruments become more widely available and traditional typing techniques are gradually replaced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- GREMIP, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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Keonam K, Nam NH, Saksangawong C, Sringam P, Saipan P, Kongpechr S, Sukon P. Prevalence of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet World 2024; 17:233-244. [PMID: 38595647 PMCID: PMC11000466 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.233-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Among Streptococcus suis serotypes, S. suis serotype 2 is the most significant serotype that causes serious diseases in pigs and humans worldwide. The present study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs, determine its trend, and explore the factors associated with this serotype. Materials and Methods We retrieved relevant published studies from PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science. The retrieved citations were screened for possible inclusion. Relevant data were then extracted from the included studies. The random-effects model was used for all meta-analyses. A subgroup meta-analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of the prevalence for four characteristics (continents, sampling organs, reporting unit, and pig's health status). A cumulative meta-analysis was performed to determine the cumulative prevalence over time. Meta-regression analysis was used to determine the trend of pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 over time. Results Of 600 articles retrieved, 36 studies comprising a total sample size of 6939 isolates or samples from 16 countries of four continents were included for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs was 13.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.7%-17.1%), with high heterogeneity among the included studies (Cochran's Q, 431.6; p < 0.001; I2 = 91.9%; Table-1). No statistical significance was observed among subgroups of the four characteristics examined. However, the pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 was as high as 16.0% (95% CI, 12.5%-20.3%; n = 16) in diseased pigs compared with 9.9% (95% CI, 5.6%-17.0%; n = 15) in healthy pigs. The pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs did not significantly decrease over time [regression coefficient = -0.020 (95% CI, 0.046-0.006, p = 0.139)]. The pooled prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs fluctuated slightly between 13.2% and 17.8% from 2007 to 2023, although the pooled prevalence gradually decreased from 30.6% in 1987 to over 20% in 2003. Conclusion The global prevalence of S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs was estimated to be 13.6% (approximately 10% in healthy pigs and around 16% in diseased pigs). S. suis serotype 2 isolated from pigs did not change significantly over time. These results indicate that S. suis serotype 2 remains a problem for the pig industry and poses a threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khao Keonam
- Veterinary Science Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nguyen Hoai Nam
- Department of Animal Surgery and Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Trauqui, Gialam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chuleeporn Saksangawong
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Patchanee Sringam
- Division of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Piyawat Saipan
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Saijai Kongpechr
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Peerapol Sukon
- Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
- Research Program on Toxic Substances, Microorganisms and Feed Additives in Livestock and Aquatic Animals for Food Safety, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Dong CL, Che RX, Wu T, Qu QW, Chen M, Zheng SD, Cai XH, Wang G, Li YH. New Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistance of Streptococcus suis and Biofilm Formation from Swine in Heilongjiang Province of China. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010132. [PMID: 36671333 PMCID: PMC9854593 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles and genotypes of Streptococcus suis in Heilongjiang Province, China. A total of 29 S. suis were isolated from 332 samples collected from 6 pig farms. The results showed that serotypes 2, 4 and 9 were prevalent, and all the clinical isolates were resistant to at least two antibacterial drugs. The most resisted drugs were macrolides, and the least resisted drugs were fluoroquinolones. Resistant genes ermB and aph (3')-IIIa were highly distributed among the isolates, with the detection rates of 79.31% and 75.86%. The formation of biofilm could be observed in all the isolated S. suis, among which D-1, LL-1 and LL-3 strains formed stronger biofilm structure than other strains. The results indicate that S. suis in Heilongjiang Province presents a multi-drug resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs, which was caused by the same target gene, the dissemination of drug resistance genes, and bacterial biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liu Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Che
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Qian-Wei Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Si-Di Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
| | - Xue-Hui Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150008, China
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271002, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150038, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (Y.-H.L.)
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Kerdsin A. Human Streptococcus suis Infections in Thailand: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Genotypes, and Susceptibility. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:359. [PMID: 36355901 PMCID: PMC9695567 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7110359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing substantial economic losses to the pig industry, as well as being a human health burden due to infections worldwide, especially in Southeast Asia. In Thailand, there was high cumulative incidence in humans during 1987-2021, mostly in males. At least five large outbreaks have been documented after the largest outbreak in China in 2005, which was related to the consumption of raw pork or dishes containing pig's blood. The major clinical features are sepsis or meningitis, with hearing loss a major complication of S. suis disease. Thai human S. suis isolates have shown diversity in serotypes and sequence types (STs), with serotype 2 and STs 1 and 104 being major genotypes. β-Lactam antibiotics can be used in empirical treatment for human S. suis infections; however, intermediate resistance to penicillin has been reported. Reducing S. suis incidence in Thailand requires a multidimensional approach, with combined efforts from the government and public health sectors through policy, regulations, education, and active surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
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Özkan ER, Öztürk Hİ, Demirci T, Akın N. Detection of biofilm formation, virulence factor genes, antibiotic-resistance, adherence properties, and some beneficial properties of cheese origin S. infantarius, S. gallolyticus, and S. lutetiensis strains belonging to the S. bovis/S. equinus complex. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rajkhowa S, Rajesh JB. Virulence associated gene profiling and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Streptococcus suis isolated from clinically healthy pigs from North East India. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:392-397. [PMID: 34181756 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study revealed the prevalence of Streptococcus suis in 20·39% clinically healthy pigs from North East India. All these isolates were screened for the presence of virulence- associated genes such as suilysin (sly), muramidase released protein (mrp), extracellular protein factor (epf) and arginine deiminase (arcA). Of these 62 isolates, 29 isolates carried mrp gene, 17 isolates carried sly gene, 57 isolates carried arcA gene, whereas all isolates were negative for epf gene. The most prevalent genotype was mrp- sly- epf- arcA+ (45·16%) followed by genotypes mrp+ sly- epf- arcA+ (27·41%), mrp+ sly+ epf- arcA+ (19·35%) and mrp- sly+ epf- arcA- (8·06%). High frequency of resistance was observed for antimicrobials such as tetracycline (93·54%), clindamycin (91·93%), co-trimoxazole (88·70%) and erythromycin (85·48%). Antimicrobial resistance patterns of the S. suis isolates revealed 16 resistance groups (R1 to R16), where 93·54% isolates showed multi-drug resistance (≥3 antimicrobial agents). It has also been observed that 57 (91·93%) isolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobials. The most predominant resistance pattern observed was CD-COT-E-TE, which accounted for 38·70% of the isolates. The occurrence of relatively high levels of resistance of S. suis to some antimicrobials (e.g., macrolides, tetracyclines, and sulphonamides) as observed in this study may represent a human health concern. In addition, a relatively higher percentage of S. suis isolated from clinically healthy pigs indicates a carrier status with risk of dissemination to other pigs in the herd as well as to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajkhowa
- Animal Health Laboratory, ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - J B Rajesh
- College of Veterinary Sciences & Animal Husbandry, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Mizoram, India
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Estrada AA, Gottschalk M, Rendahl A, Rossow S, Marshall-Lund L, Marthaler DG, Gebhart CJ. Proposed virulence-associated genes of Streptococcus suis isolates from the United States serve as predictors of pathogenicity. Porcine Health Manag 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33648592 PMCID: PMC7917538 DOI: 10.1186/s40813-021-00201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited information on the distribution of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) in U.S. Streptococcus suis isolates, resulting in little understanding of the pathogenic potential of these isolates. This lack also reduces our understanding of the epidemiology associated with S. suis in the United States and thus affects the efficiency of control and prevention strategies. In this study we applied whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based approaches for the characterization of S. suis and identification of VAGs. RESULTS Of 208 S. suis isolates classified as pathogenic, possibly opportunistic, and commensal pathotypes, the genotype based on the classical VAGs (epf, mrp, and sly encoding the extracellular protein factor, muramidase-release protein, and suilysin, respectively) was identified in 9% (epf+/mrp+/sly+) of the pathogenic pathotype. Using the chi-square test and LASSO regression model, the VAGs ofs (encoding the serum opacity factor) and srtF (encoding sortase F) were selected out of 71 published VAGs as having a significant association with pathotype, and both genes were found in 95% of the pathogenic pathotype. The ofs+/srtF+ genotype was also present in 74% of 'pathogenic' isolates from a separate validation set of isolates. Pan-genome clustering resulted in the differentiation of a group of isolates from five swine production companies into clusters corresponding to clonal complex (CC) and virulence-associated (VA) genotypes. The same CC-VA genotype patterns were identified in multiple production companies, suggesting a lack of association between production company, CC, or VA genotype. CONCLUSIONS The proposed ofs and srtF genes were stronger predictors for differentiating pathogenic and commensal S. suis isolates compared to the classical VAGs in two sets of U.S. isolates. Pan-genome analysis in combination with metadata (serotype, ST/CC, VA genotype) was illustrated to be a valuable subtyping tool to describe the genetic diversity of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- April A Estrada
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aaron Rendahl
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Stephanie Rossow
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Lacey Marshall-Lund
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Douglas G Marthaler
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Connie J Gebhart
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
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8
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Songsungthong W, Prasopporn S, Bohan L, Srimanote P, Leartsakulpanich U, Yongkiettrakul S. A novel bicyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidine inhibitor of Streptococcus suis dihydrofolate reductase. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10743. [PMID: 33604179 PMCID: PMC7866885 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen of pigs and an emerging zoonotic pathogen. It has become increasingly resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. New drug candidates and knowledge of their targets are needed to combat antibiotic-resistant S. suis. In this study, the open-source Pathogen Box compound library was screened. Thirty hits that effectively inhibited S. suis growth at 10 µM were identified. Among the most potent hits, MMV675968 (a diaminoquinazoline analog) was shown to target S. suis dihydrofolate reductase (SsDHFR) via (1) growth inhibition of an E. coli surrogate whose growth is dependent on exogenously expressed SsDHFR and (2) inhibition of in vitro SsDHFR activity. Thymidine supplement is able to reverse growth inhibition by MMV675968 in both E. coli surrogate and S. suis, indicating that a thymidine-related pathway is a major target of MMV675968. Comparison of MMV675968 with seven DHFR inhibitors representing different core structures revealed that bicyclic 2,4-diaminopyrimidines with long and flexible side chains are highly effective in inhibiting SsDHFR and S. suis growth. MMV675968 and related compounds thus may serve as starting points for developing antibiotics against drug resistant S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warangkhana Songsungthong
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Prasopporn
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Current Address: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Louise Bohan
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand.,Current Address: School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, The Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Klong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Ubolsree Leartsakulpanich
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- Biosensing and Bioprospecting Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
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9
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Nicholson TL, Waack U, Anderson TK, Bayles DO, Zaia SR, Goertz I, Eppinger M, Hau SJ, Brockmeier SL, Shore SM. Comparative Virulence and Genomic Analysis of Streptococcus suis Isolates. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:620843. [PMID: 33574803 PMCID: PMC7870872 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.620843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic bacterial swine pathogen causing substantial economic and health burdens to the pork industry. Mechanisms used by S. suis to colonize and cause disease remain unknown and vaccines and/or intervention strategies currently do not exist. Studies addressing virulence mechanisms used by S. suis have been complicated because different isolates can cause a spectrum of disease outcomes ranging from lethal systemic disease to asymptomatic carriage. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the virulence capacity of nine United States S. suis isolates following intranasal challenge in swine and then perform comparative genomic analyses to identify genomic attributes associated with swine-virulent phenotypes. No correlation was found between the capacity to cause disease in swine and the functional characteristics of genome size, serotype, sequence type (ST), or in vitro virulence-associated phenotypes. A search for orthologs found in highly virulent isolates and not found in non-virulent isolates revealed numerous predicted protein coding sequences specific to each category. While none of these predicted protein coding sequences have been previously characterized as potential virulence factors, this analysis does provide a reliable one-to-one assignment of specific genes of interest that could prove useful in future allelic replacement and/or functional genomic studies. Collectively, this report provides a framework for future allelic replacement and/or functional genomic studies investigating genetic characteristics underlying the spectrum of disease outcomes caused by S. suis isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Nicholson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ursula Waack
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Tavis K Anderson
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Darrell O Bayles
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sam R Zaia
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Isaiah Goertz
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mark Eppinger
- South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Samantha J Hau
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, United States Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Susan L Brockmeier
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Sarah M Shore
- National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States
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Yongkiettrakul S, Wongsurawat T, Jenjaroenpun P, Acheampong DA, Srimanote P, Maneerat K, Visessanguan W, Nookaew I. Genome sequences of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus suis strains isolated from human patients and diseased and asymptomatic pigs in Thailand. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 87:104674. [PMID: 33316429 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen, has negative economic impacts on both intensive swine production and human health worldwide. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis have been widely used for comprehensive classification and investigation of the genetic basis of several S. suis strains obtained from distinct hosts in different geographic areas, revealing great genetic diversity of this zoonotic pathogen. In this study, whole-genome sequences of antibiotic-resistant S. suis strains isolated from human patients (2 strains), diseased pigs (4 strains), and asymptomatic pigs (3 strains) in Thailand were compared with known genomes of 1186 S. suis strains. Single-nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Thai-isolated S. suis strains have close genetic relatedness to S. suis strains isolated from Canada, China, Denmark, Netherlands, United Kingdom, and United States of America. The genome analysis revealed genes conferring antibiotic resistance (aad(6), ant(6)-Ia, ermB, tet(O), patB, and sat4) and gene clusters (aph(3')-IIIa and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia) associated with aminoglycoside, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone resistance in S. suis in Thailand. This work provides additional resources for future genomic epidemiology investigation of S. suis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand.
| | - Thidathip Wongsurawat
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piroon Jenjaroenpun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Division of Bioinformatics and Data Management for Research, Department of Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Daniel A Acheampong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Joint Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Krissana Maneerat
- College of Alternative Medicine, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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11
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Tan MF, Tan J, Zeng YB, Li HQ, Yang Q, Zhou R. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypes of Streptococcus suis isolated from clinically healthy pigs from 2017 to 2019 in Jiangxi Province, China. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:797-806. [PMID: 32881196 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles and genotypes of Streptococcus suis from Jiangxi Province, China. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 314 nasal swab samples were collected from clinically healthy pigs, with a positive isolation rate of S. suis of 34·08%. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that more than 80% of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, penicillin, minocycline and chloramphenicol. A high frequency of resistance to clindamycin, tetracycline, clarithromycin and erythromycin was observed. All of the isolates were resistant to three or more categories of antimicrobials. The erm(B) and tet(O) served as the most frequent genotypes that contributed to lincosamide, macrolide and tetracycline resistances. A part of macrolide-resistant genotypes could not exhibit specific phenotypes. Finally, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) were identified in 28·97% of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS The multidrug resistance of S. suis has widely emerged in Jiangxi Province. The most prevalent resistance genes and genotypes were similar to those in other regions or countries. The presence of ICEs is increasing the risk of horizontal transfer of AMR genes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The findings could provide guidance for the rational use of antimicrobial drugs and be helpful for monitoring the AMR information of S. suis in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-F Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - J Tan
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Y-B Zeng
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - H-Q Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - Q Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - R Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease (Ministry of Science & Technology of China), Wuhan, China
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12
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Evaluation of the bioavailability and intestinal effects of milk fermented by folate producing lactic acid bacteria in a depletion/repletion mice model. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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13
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Tools for Molecular Epidemiology of Streptococcus suis. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020081. [PMID: 32012668 PMCID: PMC7168656 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by Streptococcus suis are a significant economic and welfare concern in pigs as well as in humans. Several molecular methods have been applied to investigate S. suis strain diversity and identify phylogenetic groups. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), commonly used to differentiate between S. suis strains, has been instrumental in identifying that the species is genetically highly diverse. Recent advances in whole-genome analysis have resulted in schemes permitting the classification of S. suis populations as pathogenic or non-pathogenic, or disease-associated or non-disease associated. Here, we review these and other molecular approaches that can be used for surveillance, outbreak tracking, preventative health management, effective treatment and control, as well as vaccine development, including PCR based-assays that are easy to apply in modest diagnostic settings and which allow for the rapid screening of a large number of isolates at relatively low cost, granting the identification of several major clonal complexes of the S. suis population.
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14
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Exploring Beneficial/Virulence Properties of Two Dairy-Related Strains of Streptococcus infantarius subsp. infantarius. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 12:1524-1541. [DOI: 10.1007/s12602-020-09637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Genotypic Comparison between Streptococcus suis Isolated from Pigs and Humans in Thailand. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010050. [PMID: 31936553 PMCID: PMC7168618 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen of economic significance to the swine industry. The number of infected cases is increasing in humans worldwide. In this study, we determined the prevalence and diversity of S. suis carriage in slaughterhouse pigs in Phayao province, Thailand, where an outbreak occurred in 2007. The overall S. suis carriage rate was 35.2% among slaughterhouse pigs. The prevalence rates of serotypes 2 and 14 (the major serotypes infected in humans) were 6.7% and 2.6%, respectively. In both serotypes, 70.4% of isolates of serotypes 2 and 14 revealed sequence types and pulsotypes identical to human isolates in Thailand. It is suggested that pathogenic strains of S. suis are a risk factor for occupational exposure to pigs or the consumption of raw pork products. Food safety, hygiene, and health education should be encouraged to reduce the risk group.
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Matajira CEC, Moreno LZ, Poor AP, Gomes VTM, Dalmutt AC, Parra BM, de Oliveira CH, Barbosa MRF, Sato MIZ, Calderaro FF, Moreno AM. Streptococcus suis in Brazil: Genotypic, Virulence, and Resistance Profiling of Strains Isolated from Pigs between 2001 and 2016. Pathogens 2019; 9:pathogens9010031. [PMID: 31905664 PMCID: PMC7168627 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis remains an important challenge for the worldwide swine industry. Considering that Brazil is a major pork producer and exporter, proper monitoring of the pathogen and resistance rates are required. We present here the characterization of Brazilian S. suis strains isolated over a 15 year period by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, capsular, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance profiling. Serotype prevalence revealed a predominance of serotype 2/½ followed by 3, 7, 1/14, 6, 8, 18, 28, and 27; the latter had not yet been reported in Brazil. Resistance profiling enabled the differentiation of nine profiles presenting resistance to three and up to eight antimicrobial classes. Even though an association between the most resistant strains and isolation year starting from 2009 was observed, a high frequency of multidrug-resistant strains isolated from 2001 to 2003 was also detected. This suggests that despite the isolation period, S. suis strains already presented high resistance selection pressure. A slight association of serotype 2/½ with some virulence profiles and PFGE pulsotypes was also identified. Nevertheless, no clonal dispersion or persistency of clones over the analyzed years and herds was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E. C. Matajira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Luisa Z. Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Andre P. Poor
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Vasco T. M. Gomes
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Andressa C. Dalmutt
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Beatriz M. Parra
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Carolina H. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
| | - Mikaela R. F. Barbosa
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (M.R.F.B.); (M.I.Z.S.)
| | - Maria Inês Z. Sato
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (M.R.F.B.); (M.I.Z.S.)
| | | | - Andrea M. Moreno
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01000-000, Brazil; (C.E.C.M.); (L.Z.M.); (A.P.P.); (V.T.M.G.); (A.C.D.); (B.M.P.); (C.H.d.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-011-3091-1377
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17
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Rogolevich VV, Glushkova TV, Ponasenko AV, Ovcharenko EA. [Infective Endocarditis Causing Native and Prosthetic Heart Valve Dysfunction]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 59:68-77. [PMID: 30990144 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2019.3.10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is the disease that has high inhospital mortality. Heart valves dysfunction - both native and prosthetic - is the primary IE complication requiring a surgical intervention. The IE causes and its course have been discussed in this review. In particular, the role of concomitant infectious foci in the formation and development of IE have been considered, the mechanisms of mutual transition of subacute and acute clinical forms have been described. Modern diagnostic principles and methods based on the Duke criteria system have been mentioned, as well as the difficulties that follow the patient's clinical status evaluation. The normobiotic microbiota participation, as well as the possibilities for their identification using blood culture and PCR technique, have been closely reviewed. According to modern researches and publications, there have been made the conclusion about the contribution of obligate anaerobic bacteria, fungi and viruses to the development of endocarditis. There have been described the hypothesis about the presumptive strategy for the cardiac dysfunction formation as a result of the IE causative agents cells metabolic activity based on a literature data analysis in the article: vegetation formed by Staphylococcus aureus can lead to the heart valve stenosis, and the influence of hyaluronidases, collagenases on a heart valve structure can lead to regurgitation. The pathogens cells ability to avoid the human immune system response is caused by the biofilms, fibrin vegetations formation and the enzymes production - cytotoxins (streptolysins, leukocidin, etc.). It has been suggested that the mediators of inflammation and leukocyte cells participate in the destruction of native and prosthetic tissues due to an IE pathogens inaccessibility for immunocompetent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V V Rogolevich
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo
| | - T V Glushkova
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo
| | - A V Ponasenko
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo
| | - E A Ovcharenko
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo
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Yongkiettrakul S, Maneerat K, Arechanajan B, Malila Y, Srimanote P, Gottschalk M, Visessanguan W. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus suis isolated from diseased pigs, asymptomatic pigs, and human patients in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:5. [PMID: 30606175 PMCID: PMC6318959 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1732-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Prophylaxis and treatment of emerging zoonotic Streptococcus suis infection in agricultural and healthcare settings mainly rely on antibiotics. However, continued use of antibiotics contributing to emergence and widespread of antibiotic resistant S. suis becomes a significant challenge in many endemic countries, including Thailand. Meanwhile, the knowledge of antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial pathogens is required for overcoming the antimicrobial resistance problem, the information of antibiotic susceptibility of S. suis strains isolated in Thailand remains limited. This study aims to assess the susceptibility of Thai-isolated S. suis strains to different antibiotic classes in order to gain an insight into the distribution of antibiotic-resistant patterns of S. suis strains in different regions of Thailand. Results This study revealed the antimicrobial resistance and multidrug resistance of 262 S. suis strains isolated in different regions of Thailand. Susceptibility testing indicated widespread resistance to macrolides and tetracyclines of S. suis strains in the country. Beta-lactam antibiotic drugs (including cefotaxime and ceftiofur), vancomycin, chloramphenicol, as well as florfenicol were potentially the most effective therapeutic drugs for the treatment of S. suis infection in both pigs and humans. High prevalence of intermediate susceptibility of S. suis isolated from asymptomatic pigs for penicillin G, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and norfloxacin could be the premise of the emergence of S. suis antibiotic resistance. Resistance was also found in S. suis strains isolated from asymptomatic pigs indicating that they could act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on antimicrobial resistance of a large collection of S. suis strains isolated from pigs and humans in Thailand. It revealed the multidrug resistance of S. suis strains in pigs and humans. The information gained from this study raises an awareness and encourage best practices of appropriate antibiotic drug prescribing and use among human health and agriculture sectors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12917-018-1732-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganya Yongkiettrakul
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Krissana Maneerat
- College of Alternative Medicine, Chandrakasem Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Buppa Arechanajan
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Yuwares Malila
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Potjanee Srimanote
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Marcello Gottschalk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Wonnop Visessanguan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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19
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Potentially hazardous Streptococcus suis strains latent in asymptomatic pigs in a major swine production area of Thailand. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:662-669. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Maneerat K, Yongkiettrakul S, Jiemsup S, Tongtawe P, Gottschalk M, Srimanote P. Expression and Characterization of Serotype 2 Streptococcus suis Arginine Deiminase. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:133-146. [PMID: 28456803 DOI: 10.1159/000452952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginine deiminase (ArcA) has been speculated to facilitate the intracellular survival of Streptococcus suis under acidic conditions. However, the physical and biological properties and function of SS2-ArcA have not yet been elucidated. METHODS Recombinant SS2-ArcA (rSS2-ArcA) was expressed and purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Under various pH and temperature conditions, the enzymatic properties of purified rSS2-ArcA and crude native SS2-ArcA were determined. RESULTS The SS2-arcA-deduced amino acid sequence contained a conserved catalytic triad (Cys399-His273-Glu218). The optimum temperature and pH of 47-kDa rSS2-ArcA and crude native SS2-ArcA were 42°C and pH 7.2. The rSS2-ArcA and crude native SS2-ArcA were stable for 3 h at 4 and 25°C, respectively. The pH stability and dependency tests suggested that rSS2-ArcA and crude native SS2-ArcA were functionally active in acidic conditions. The L-arginine substrate binding affinity (Km) values of rSS2-ArcA (specific activity 16.00 U/mg) and crude native SS2-ArcA (specific activity 0.23 U/mg) were 0.058 and 0.157 mM, respectively. rSS2-ArcA exhibited a weak binding affinity with the common ArcA inhibitors L-canavanine and L-NIO. Furthermore, the partial inactivation of SS2-ArcA significantly impaired the viability and growth of SS2 at pH 4.0, 6.0, and 7.5. CONCLUSIONS This study profoundly demonstrated the involvement of ArcA enzymatic activity in S. suis survival under acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissana Maneerat
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a major swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent of human meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. S. suis is a well-encapsulated pathogen and multiple serotypes have been described based on the capsular polysaccharide antigenic diversity. In addition, high genotypic, phenotypic and geographic variability exits among strains within the same serotype. Besides, S. suis uses an arsenal of virulence factors to evade the host immune system. Together, these characteristics have challenged the development of efficacious vaccines to fight this important pathogen. In this careful and comprehensive review, clinical field information and experimental data have been compiled and compared for the first time to give a precise overview of the current status of vaccine development against S. suis. The candidate antigens and vaccine formulations under research are examined and the feasibility of reaching the goal of a "universal" cross-protective S. suis vaccine discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Segura
- a Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , University of Montreal , Saint-Hyacinthe , Quebec , J2S 2M2 Canada
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Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and Genotypic Characteristics of Streptococcus suis Capsular Type 2 Isolated from Clinical Carrier Sows and Diseased Pigs in China. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:284303. [PMID: 26064892 PMCID: PMC4434170 DOI: 10.1155/2015/284303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important zoonotic pathogen. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and genotypic characterizations of S. suis 2 from carrier sows and diseased pigs remain largely unknown. In this study, 96 swine S. suis type 2, 62 from healthy sows and 34 from diseased pigs, were analyzed. High frequency of tetracycline resistance was observed, followed by sulfonamides. The lowest resistance of S. suis 2 for β-lactams supports their use as the primary antibiotics to treat the infection of serotype 2. In contrast, 35 of 37 S. suis 2 with MLSB phenotypes were isolated from healthy sows, mostly encoded by the ermB and/or the mefA genes. Significantly lower frequency of mrp+/epf+/sly+ was observed among serotype 2 from healthy sows compared to those from diseased pigs. Furthermore, isolates from diseased pigs showed more homogeneously genetic patterns, with most of them clustered in pulsotypes A and E. The data indicate the genetic complexity of S. suis 2 between herds and a close linkage among isolates from healthy sows and diseased pigs. Moreover, many factors, such as extensive use of tetracycline or diffusion of Tn916 with tetM, might have favored for the pathogenicity and widespread dissemination of S. suis serotype 2.
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Wongsawan K, Gottschalk M, Tharavichitkul P. Serotype- and virulence-associated gene profile of Streptococcus suis isolates from pig carcasses in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:233-6. [PMID: 25367105 PMCID: PMC4363029 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this present study, the serotype of 40 Streptococcus suis isolates from submaxillary glands of pig carcasses sold in wet markets in Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand, was investigated. Eleven serotypes, including types 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 17, 21, 22 and 31, were found in the isolates by a Multiplex PCR combined with serum agglutination. Of the eleven serotypes present, type 3 was the most prevalent, while types 2, 4, 5 and 21 were of primary interest due to their human isolate serotype. The mrp+/epf - /sly - genotype was found to be the most prevalent genotype. This study indicates the importance of effective control of human S. suis infection due to raw pork or pig carcass handling in northern Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanruethai Wongsawan
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Segura M, Zheng H, Greeff AD, Gao GF, Grenier D, Jiang Y, Lu C, Maskell D, Oishi K, Okura M, Osawa R, Schultsz C, Schwerk C, Sekizaki T, Smith H, Srimanote P, Takamatsu D, Tang J, Tenenbaum T, Tharavichitkul P, Hoa NT, Valentin-Weigand P, Wells JM, Wertheim H, Zhu B, Gottschalk M, Xu J. Latest developments on Streptococcus suis: an emerging zoonotic pathogen: part 1. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:441-4. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
First International Workshop on Streptococcus suis, Beijing, China, 12–13 August 2013 The first international workshop on Streptococcus suis, which is an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent, took place in Beijing, jointly organized by the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada and the National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC. The aim of the meeting was to gather together, for the first time, more than 80 researchers working on S. suis, from countries including China, Canada, Japan, The Netherlands, Germany, Thailand, the UK and Vietnam. This article, the first of a two-part report on this First International Workshop, reviews current aspects of the epidemiology and population genomics of S. suis, covers public health concerns and discusses questions about S. suis serotyping and molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Segura
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Han Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention & Control, National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control & Prevention, China CDC
| | | | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Schwerk
- University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Hilde Smith
- Central Veterinary Institute, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jiaqi Tang
- Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command, China
| | - Tobias Tenenbaum
- University Children's Hospital Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | | | - Ngo Thi Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology & Immunology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention & Control, National Institute for Communicable Diseases Control & Prevention, China CDC
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