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Begovoeva M, Ehizibolo DO, Adedeji AJ, Oguche MO, Oyekan O, Ijoma SI, Atai RB, Wungak Y, Dogonyaro BB, Lazarus DD, Samson M, Ularamu H, Muhammad M, Rosso F, Sumption KJ, Beard PM, Ludi AB, Stevens KB, Limon G. Factors associated with foot-and-mouth disease seroprevalence in small ruminants and identification of hot-spot areas in northern Nigeria. Prev Vet Med 2023; 212:105842. [PMID: 36706557 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Many small ruminants infected with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remain asymptomatic, with the capacity to promote silent viral spread within domestic and wildlife species. However, little is known about the epidemiological role played by small ruminants in FMD. In particular, there are few studies that examine FMD seroprevalence, spatial patterns and risk factors for exposure in small ruminants. A cross-sectional study was conducted in northern Nigeria (Bauchi, Kaduna, and Plateau States) to determine the true seroprevalence of FMD in backyard small ruminants, identify factors associated with FMD seroconversion at animal and household levels, and identify spatial patterns for FMD virus exposure. Data on animal (n = 1800) and household (n = 300) characteristics were collected using a standardised questionnaire. Sera samples from 1800 small ruminants were tested for antibodies against non-structural proteins of FMD virus. True seroprevalence was estimated stochastically to account for variability and uncertainty in the test sensitivity and specificity previously reported. Risk factors for FMD seropositivity were identified at animal and household levels and spatial patterns were determined. The overall true seroprevalence for FMD virus, in the small ruminant population tested, was estimated to be 10.2 % (95 % Credible Interval (CrI) 0.0-19.0), while State-level estimates were 17.3 % (95 % CrI 0.0-25.8) for Kaduna, 6.9 % (95% CrI 0.0-15.8) for Bauchi, and 3.6 % (95 % CrI 0.0-12.6) for Plateau. State and species were the main risk factors identified at animal level, with interaction detected between them. Compared to goats in Plateau, the odds of testing positive were higher for goats in Bauchi (Odds Ratio (OR)= 1.83, 95 % CI 1.13-2.97, p = 0.01) and Kaduna (OR=2.97, 95 % CI 1.89-4.67, p < 0.001), as well as for sheep in Plateau (OR=3.78, 95 % CI 2.08-6.87, p < 0.001), Bauchi (OR=1.61, 95 % CI 0.91-2.84, p = 0.10), and Kaduna (OR=3.11, 95 % CI 1.61-6.01, p = 0.001). Households located in Kaduna were more likely to have a higher number of seropositive SR compared to those in Plateau (Prevalence Ratio (PR)= 1.75, 95 % CI 1.30-2.36, p < 0.001), and households keeping sheep flocks were more likely to be seropositive (from 1 to 10 sheep: PR=1.39, 95 % CI 1.05-1.82, p = 0.02; more than 10 sheep: PR=1.55, 95 % CI 1.12-2.15, p = 0.008) compared to those that did not keep sheep. A hot-spot was detected in Kaduna, and a cold-spot in Plateau. These results reveal that small ruminants had been recently exposed to FMD virus with spatial heterogeneity across the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Begovoeva
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK; European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, 00153, Italy; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, Torino, 10154, Italy.
| | - David O Ehizibolo
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Moses O Oguche
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Olumuyiwa Oyekan
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Sandra I Ijoma
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Rebecca B Atai
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Yiltawe Wungak
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | | | - David D Lazarus
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Mark Samson
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Hussaini Ularamu
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Maryam Muhammad
- National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
| | - Fabrizio Rosso
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, 00153, Italy.
| | - Keith J Sumption
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, Rome, 00153, Italy.
| | - Philippa M Beard
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK; School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Anna B Ludi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.
| | - Kim B Stevens
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Georgina Limon
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, GU24 0NF, UK.
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Outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Burundi, East Africa, in 2016, Caused by Different Serotypes. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051077. [PMID: 35632817 PMCID: PMC9143720 DOI: 10.3390/v14051077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Burundi is a small, densely populated country in the African Great Lakes region. In March 2016, several hundreds of cattle were reported with vesicular lesions, suggesting foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Epithelial samples, saliva, and blood were collected in six of the affected provinces spread over the country. The overall seroprevalence of FMD virus (FMDV) in the affected herds, as determined by antibodies against FMDV non-structural proteins, was estimated at 87%. Antibodies against FMDV serotypes O (52%), A (44%), C (19%), SAT1 (36%), SAT2 (58%), and SAT3 (23%) were detected across the provinces. FMDV genome was detected in samples from five of the six provinces using rRT-PCR. FMDV was isolated from samples from three provinces: in Cibitoke province, serotypes A and SAT2 were isolated, while in Mwaro and Rutana provinces, only serotype SAT2 was isolated. In Bururi and Cankuzo provinces, the serological profile suggested a recent incursion with serotype SAT2, while in Bubanza province, the serological profile suggested past incursions with serotype O and possibly serotype SAT1. The phylogenetic assessments showed the presence of topotypes A/Africa/G-I and SAT2/IV, similarly to previously characterized virus strains from other countries in the region, suggesting a transboundary origin and necessitating a regional approach for vaccination and control of FMD.
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Campbell Z, Coleman P, Guest A, Kushwaha P, Ramuthivheli T, Osebe T, Perry B, Salt J. Prioritizing smallholder animal health needs in East Africa, West Africa, and South Asia using three approaches: Literature review, expert workshops, and practitioner surveys. Prev Vet Med 2021; 189:105279. [PMID: 33581421 PMCID: PMC8024747 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2021.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Managing the health needs of livestock contributes to reducing poverty and improving the livelihoods of smallholder and pastoralist livestock keepers globally. Animal health practitioners, producers, policymakers, and researchers all must prioritize how to mobilize limited resources. This study employed three approaches to prioritize animal health needs in East and West Africa and South Asia to identify diseases and syndromes that impact livestock keepers. The approaches were a) systematic literature review, b) a series of expert workshops, and c) a practitioner survey of veterinarians and para-veterinary professionals. The top constraints that emerged from all three approaches include endo/ ectoparasites, foot and mouth disease, brucellosis, peste des petits ruminants, Newcastle disease, and avian influenza. Expert workshops additionally identified contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, mastitis, and reproductive disorders as constraints not emphasized in the literature review. Practitioner survey results additionally identified nutrition as a constraint for smallholder dairy and pastoralist small ruminant production. Experts attending the workshops agreed most constraints can be managed using existing veterinary technologies and best husbandry practices, which supports a shift away from focusing on individual diseases and new technologies towards addressing systemic challenges that limit access to veterinary services and inputs. Few research studies focused on incidence/ prevalence of disease and impact, suggesting better incorporation of socio-economic impact measures in future research would better represent the interests of livestock keepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Campbell
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Paul Coleman
- H20 Venture Partners, 33-35 George Street, Oxford, OX1 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Guest
- H20 Venture Partners, 33-35 George Street, Oxford, OX1 2AY, United Kingdom
| | - Peetambar Kushwaha
- GALVmed Asia Office, Unit 118 & 120 B, Splendor Forum, Plot No 3, Jasola District Centre, Jasola, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Thembinkosi Ramuthivheli
- GALVmed Africa Office, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Swing One, Naivasha Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tom Osebe
- GALVmed Africa Office, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Swing One, Naivasha Road, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Brian Perry
- Nuffield College of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Arthurstone House, Meigle, Blairgowrie, PH12 8QW, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy Salt
- GALVmed UK Office, Doherty Building, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik Edinburgh, EH26 0PZ, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Gizaw D, Tesfaye Y, Wood BA, Di Nardo A, Shegu D, Muluneh A, Bilata T, Belayneh R, Fentie A, Asgdome H, Sombo M, Rufael T, Tadesse Woldemariyam F, Khan F, Yami M, Gelaye E, Wadsworth J, Knowles NJ, King DP. Molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses circulating in Ethiopia between 2008 and 2019. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2983-2992. [PMID: 32574400 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the constraints to controlling foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in East Africa is the incomplete knowledge of the specific FMD virus (FMDV) strains circulating and the way in which these viruses move across countries in the region. This retrospective study focuses on Ethiopia, which has one of the largest FMD-susceptible livestock populations in Africa. Analyses of FMDV positive samples collected between 2008 and 2019 demonstrate that serotypes O (n = 175), A (n = 51) and SAT 2 (n = 33) were present in the country. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 sequences for these viruses showed that there were at least seven different FMD viral clades circulating during this period: O/EA-3, O/EA-4, A/AFRICA/G-I, A/AFRICA/G-IV, A/AFRICA/G-VII, SAT2/VII and SAT2/XIII. Although these results only represent a snapshot and might not reflect all FMDV lineages that were present, they highlight the importance of serotype O, as well as the complexity and co-existence of FMDV serotypes in Ethiopia and surrounding countries. These sequence data also support the idea that there are two FMDV ecosystems existing in East Africa. Data from retrospective studies, such as these presented here, will be beneficial for vaccine selection and vaccination campaigns to control FMDV within Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gizaw
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Yeneneh Tesfaye
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Dereje Shegu
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Ayelech Muluneh
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Tsion Bilata
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Rediet Belayneh
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenalem Fentie
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Hagose Asgdome
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Melaku Sombo
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Rufael
- National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center (NAHDIC), Sebeta, Ethiopia
| | - Fanos Tadesse Woldemariyam
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Biosystems, Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
- Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Martha Yami
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Esayas Gelaye
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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Ularamu HG, Lefebvre DJ, Haegeman A, Wungak YS, Ehizibolo DO, Lazarus DD, De Vleeschauwer AR, De Clercq K. Complex Circulation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle in Nigeria. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:466. [PMID: 32974391 PMCID: PMC7468398 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigeria is a large densely populated country in West Africa. Most of its livestock is raised in a pastoralist production system with typical long distance migration in search of water and feed. As the demand for animal products largely exceeds the domestic production, large numbers of livestock are imported from neighboring countries without sanitary restrictions. In Nigeria, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A, and Southern African Territories (SAT)2 are endemic for a long time. Clinical outbreaks of FMD due to serotype SAT1 are described again since 2015, after an absence of more than 30 years. Historically, outbreaks of FMD due to serotypes O, A, SAT1, and SAT2 were each time associated with trade of cattle entering Nigeria from neighboring countries. In the present study, tissue samples from 27 outbreaks of FMD were collected in Nigerian cattle from 2012 until 2017 in six different States and in the Federal Capital Territory. FMDV was isolated and serotyped and further characterized by VP1 sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to gain more knowledge on FMDV circulation in Nigeria. Half of the outbreaks were characterized as FMDV topotype O/EA-3, while outbreaks with other serotypes and topotypes were—in descending order—less prevalent: A/Africa/G-IV, SAT1/X, SAT2/VII, and O/WA. The high dynamics and omnipresence of FMD in Nigeria were illustrated in Plateau State where FMDV serotypes O, SAT1, and SAT2 were isolated during the course of the study, while at some point in the study, outbreaks due to FMDV serotype A were observed in three remote States. The genetic and phylogenetic analysis suggests a mixed origin of FMD outbreaks. Some outbreaks seem to be caused by sustained local transmission of FMDV strains present in Nigeria since a number of years, while other outbreaks seem to be related to recent incursions with new FMDV strains. The role of African buffaloes in the etiology of FMD in Nigeria is unclear, and sampling of wildlife is needed. The results of the present study suggest that systematic sample collection is essential to understand the complex concomitance of FMDV strains in Nigeria and essential to support the implementation of a vaccination-based control plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini G Ularamu
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - David J Lefebvre
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in Animals, Service for Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in Animals, Service for Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yiltawe S Wungak
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - David O Ehizibolo
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - David D Lazarus
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - Annebel R De Vleeschauwer
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in Animals, Service for Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in Animals, Service for Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
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Seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus Infection in Some Wildlife and Cattle in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Vet Med Int 2020; 2020:3642793. [PMID: 32257095 PMCID: PMC7104331 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3642793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is an important transboundary viral disease of both domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals characterized by high morbidity with devastating consequence on the livestock worldwide. Despite the endemic nature of FMD in Nigeria, little is known about the epidemiology of the disease at the wildlife-livestock interface level. To address this gap, blood samples were collected between 2013 and 2015 from some wildlife and cattle, respectively, within and around the Yankari Game Reserve and Sumu Wildlife Park in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Wild animals were immobilized using a combination of etorphine hydrochloride (M99® Krüger-Med South Africa) at 0.5–2 mg/kg and azaperone (Stresnil®, Janssen Pharmaceuticals (Pty.) Ltd., South Africa) at 0.1 mg/kg using a Dan-Inject® rifle (Dan-Inject APS, Sellerup Skovvej, Denmark) fitted with a 3 ml dart syringe and for reversal, naltrexone (Trexonil® Kruger-Med South Africa) at 1.5 mg IM was used, and cattle were restrained by the owners for blood collection. Harvested sera from blood were screened for presence of antibodies against the foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) using the PrioCHECK® 3ABC NSP ELISA kit, and positive samples were serotyped using solid-phase competitive ELISA, (IZSLER Brescia, Italy). Out of the 353 sera collected from cattle and wildlife 197 (65.7%) and 13 (24.5%) (P < 0.05), respectively, tested positive for antibodies to the highly conserved nonstructural 3ABC protein of FMDV by the FMDV-NS blocking ELISA. Classification of cattle into breed and sex showed that detectable antibodies to FMDV were higher (P < 0.05) in White Fulani 157 (72.8%) than in Red Bororo 23 (39.7%) and Sokoto Gudali 17 (33.3%) breeds of cattle, whereas in females, detectable FMDV antibodies were higher (P < 0.05) 150 (72.8%) than in males 47 (50.0%). In the wildlife species, antibodies to FMDV were detected in the waterbucks 2 (28.6%), elephant 1 (25.0%), wildebeests 4 (33.3%), and elands 6 (25.0%). Four serotypes of FMDV: O, A, SAT 1, and SAT 2 were detected from the 3ABC positive reactors in waterbucks, elephants, wildebeests, and elands. The results showed presence of antibodies to FMDV in some wildlife and cattle and suggested that wildlife could equally play an important role in the overall epidemiology of FMD in Nigeria. FMD surveillance system, control, and prevention program should be intensified in the study area.
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Ferrer-Miranda E, de Almeida EC, Tadeu Cristino C, Albuquerque J, Santoro KR. Timeliness of vesicular disease notification system in Brazilian foot-and-mouth disease surveillance programme. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1517-1531. [PMID: 31965759 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Animal health surveillance programmes should be reliable and informative to ensure their effective implementation. As such, the regular assessment of those aiming to demonstrate the absence of disease, as well as the ability to detect outbreaks on time, is of vital importance. Several criteria make it possible to assess the performance of surveillance systems, including timeliness, which represents the speed between steps in a surveillance system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the variability in the timeliness, within and between states, of the surveillance programme of the Brazilian Veterinary Services (BVS) for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), for the notification of vesicular disease. A total of 14 years (2004-2017) of data relating to vesicular syndromes from the Brazilian Continental Information and Surveillance System (SivCont) were included. A categorical variable was created with four classes to group the notified vesicular processes in the SivCont, according to two criteria, the similarity of the symptoms of the diseases reported with FMD and aetiology (viral, bacterial, fungal and non-infectious). The three timeliness values (TL-1, TL-2 and TL-3) related to different portions of the FMD surveillance system were analysed as a response in a generalized linear model in which the states of Brazil were the explanatory variables. The analyses were performed separately for each notification class (FMD, vesicular stomatitis, similar symptoms and similar non-infectious symptoms) and included comparisons within and between states. The study results provide an understanding and evaluation of the timeliness of the Brazilian FMD surveillance system, thereby providing a base of knowledge from which involved agents and decision-makers can evaluate BVS and reinforce surveillance measures in the states with poorer timeliness than permitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyniesky Ferrer-Miranda
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudio Tadeu Cristino
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), Recife, Brazil
| | - Jones Albuquerque
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), Recife, Brazil.,Keizo Asami Laboratory of Immunopathology (LIKA/UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Kleber Régis Santoro
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Postgraduate Program in Biometrics and Applied Statistics (UFRPE/PPGBEA), Recife, Brazil
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Abdel‐Aziz AI, Romey A, Relmy A, Gorna K, Laloy E, Métras R, Muñoz F, Blaise‐Boisseau S, Zientara S, Lancelot R, Bakkali Kassimi L. Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Chad. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:114-121. [PMID: 31845545 PMCID: PMC7036305 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in domestic ruminants and at characterizing the virus strains circulating in four areas of Chad (East Batha, West Batha, Wadi Fira and West Ennedi). The study was carried out between October and November 2016. A total of 1,520 sera samples (928 cattle, 216 goats, 254 sheep and 122 dromedaries) were collected randomly for FMD serological analyses. Nine epithelial tissue samples were also collected from cattle showing clinical signs, for FMDV isolation and characterization. Serological results showed an overall NSP seroprevalence of 40% (375/928) in cattle in our sample (95% CrI [19-63]). However, seroprevalences of 84% (27/32), 78% (35/45) and 84% (21/25) were estimated in cattle over 5 years of age in East Batha, West Batha and Wadi Fira, respectively. In cattle under 1 year of age, 67% (18/27) seroprevalence was estimated in Wadi Fira, 64% (14/22) in East Batha and 59% (13/22) in West Batha. It was found that the high seroprevalences have been obtained in areas where pastures are shared by several different herds but also in farms where two to three species (bovine, caprine and ovine) are raised together. ELISA PrioCHECK® FMDV types O and A and in-house solid phase competition ELISA serotyping results showed that the four O, A, SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes have circulated in Chad in 2016. However, the type SAT2 dominated with an overall seroprevalence of 43% (29/67) and was present in the four areas investigated. The phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 coding sequence allowed determining the serotype SAT2 topotype VII, close to viral strains found in Cameroon in 2015 with a similarity of 98.60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arada Izzedine Abdel‐Aziz
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
- CIRADUMR ASTREMontpellierFrance
- Institut de Recherches en Élevage pour le Développement (IRED)N’DjamenaTchad
- Université de N’DjamenaN’DjamenaTchad
| | - Aurore Romey
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Anthony Relmy
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Kamila Gorna
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Eve Laloy
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Raphaelle Métras
- CIRADUMR ASTREMontpellierFrance
- ASTREUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellierFrance
| | - Facundo Muñoz
- CIRADUMR ASTREMontpellierFrance
- ASTREUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellierFrance
| | - Sandra Blaise‐Boisseau
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Stephan Zientara
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- CIRADUMR ASTREMontpellierFrance
- ASTREUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellierFrance
| | - Labib Bakkali Kassimi
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
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Ehizibolo DO, Fish IH, Brito B, Bertram MR, Ardo A, Ularamu HG, Lazarus DD, Wungak YS, Nwosuh CI, Smoliga GR, Hartwig EJ, Pauszek SJ, Dickmu S, Abdoulkadiri S, Arzt J. Characterization of transboundary foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Nigeria and Cameroon during 2016. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1257-1270. [PMID: 31880066 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Continuous surveillance for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in endemic settings such as West Africa is imperative to support improved local and regional control plans, with the long-term goal of regional eradication. This paper describes the genetic characterization of FMD viruses (FMDV) obtained from outbreaks in Nigeria (n = 45) and Cameroon (n = 15) during 2016 and from archival samples (n = 3) retrieved from a 2014 outbreak in Nigeria. These viruses were analysed in the context of previously published FMDV sequences from the region. Four FMDV serotypes: O, A, SAT1 and SAT2, were detected. Phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 coding sequences indicate the continuity of FMDV serotype O East Africa-3 (O/EA-3), serotype A AFRICA genotype G-IV (A/AFRICA/G-IV) and serotype South African Territories (SAT) 2 lineage VII (SAT2/VII). The FMDV SAT1 topotype X (SAT1/X), which emerged in Nigeria in 2015, continued to be associated with outbreaks in the region during 2016, and SAT1 is reported for the first time from Cameroon. Additionally, a re-emergence or re-introduction of the serotype O West Africa (O/WA) topotype in Nigeria is described herein. Our findings indicate a consistent, pan-serotypic relationship between FMDV strains detected in Cameroon and Nigeria. Additionally, FMDV strains from West Africa obtained in this study were genetically related to those occurring in East and North Africa. These phylogenetic relationships suggest that animal movements (pastoralism and/or trade) are important factors for virus spread across the African continent. These data provide critical baselines which are a necessary component of Stages 0 and 1 of the Progressive Control Pathway of FMD (PCP-FMD). Specifically, characterizing the existing virus strains (risk) provides the basis for the comprehensive risk-based control plan which is the requisite criteria for Nigeria's transition to Stage 2 of PCP-FMD, and for coordinated regional control of FMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian H Fish
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Barbara Brito
- The ithree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Miranda R Bertram
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA.,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Abdullahi Ardo
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | | | - David D Lazarus
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Yiltawe S Wungak
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - Chika I Nwosuh
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria
| | - George R Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Steven James Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
| | - Simon Dickmu
- Laboratoire National Vétérinaire (LANAVET), Garoua, Cameroon
| | | | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, NY, USA
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10
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Near-Full-Length Genome Sequence of a Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus of Serotype Southern African Territories 2 Isolated from Nigeria in 2014. Microbiol Resour Announc 2019; 8:8/35/e00788-19. [PMID: 31467102 PMCID: PMC6715872 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00788-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a near-full-length genome sequence of a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) of serotype Southern African Territories 2 (SAT 2), topotype VII, isolated from cattle during an FMDV outbreak in Bauchi State, Nigeria, in October 2014. This provides the first SAT 2 near-full-length genome sequence from West Africa and contributes to our understanding of viral spread and evolution. We report a near-full-length genome sequence of a foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) of serotype Southern African Territories 2 (SAT 2), topotype VII, isolated from cattle during an FMDV outbreak in Bauchi State, Nigeria, in October 2014. This provides the first SAT 2 near-full-length genome sequence from West Africa and contributes to our understanding of viral spread and evolution.
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11
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Ehizibolo DO, De Vleeschauwer AR, Haegeman A, Lefebvre D, Nwosuh CI, Umoh JU, Okolocha EC, Kazeem HM, Van Borm S, De Clercq K. Serological and molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in agro-pastoralist livestock herds in the kachia grazing reserve, Nigeria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1575-1586. [PMID: 30901506 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Kachia Grazing Reserve (KGR) is located in Kaduna state in north-western Nigeria and consists of 6 contiguous blocks housing 744 defined households (HH), all engaged in livestock keeping. It is considered as a homogenous epidemiological unit and a defined study area. In 2012, all cattle and sheep of 40 selected HH were sampled to determine sero-prevalence of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and of FMDV. The overall sero-prevalence of antibodies to the non-structural 3ABC protein (NSP-3ABC ELISA) was 28.9% (380/1,315) (30.6% cattle; 16.3% sheep), and in 4.5% (62/1,380) (5% cattle; 0.6% sheep) of the examined sera FMD viral RNA could be detected by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). Additionally, in 2012 and 2014 serum, epithelium and probang samples were collected from cattle in reported FMD outbreaks and the causative FMDVs were molecularly characterized. Approximately half (28/59) of the outbreak sera reacted positive in NSP-3ABC ELISA, and 88% (52/59) of the outbreak sera contained detectable viral RNA. Overall, antibodies against five FMDV serotypes (O, A, SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3) were detected by solid phase competitive ELISA with combinations of two or more serotypes being common. Of the 21 FMDVs that could be isolated 19 were sequenced and 18 were confirmed as SAT2 (lineage VII) while one was characterized as serotype O (EA-3 topotype). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between Nigerian FMDV strains and strains in this region and even with strains in North-Africa. Our findings indicate that FMD constitutes an endemic health problem to cattle rearing in the agro-pastoralist community in the KGR and that the KGR is not a closed epidemiological unit. Insight into the local FMDV epidemiology and in the circulating FMDV serotypes/strains is of support to the relevant authorities in Nigeria when considering the need for an FMD control policy to improve animal production in grazing reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Odion Ehizibolo
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | | | - Andy Haegeman
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Lefebvre
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chika I Nwosuh
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - Jarlath U Umoh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel C Okolocha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Haruna M Kazeem
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Molecular Platform, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Teye MV, Sebunya TK, Fana EM, King DP, Seoke L, Knowles NJ, Awuni JA, Matlho G, Leteane M, Hyera JMK. Foot-and-mouth disease in Southern Ghana: occurrence and molecular characterization of circulating viruses. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1667-1677. [PMID: 30879248 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered to be endemic in Ghana. However, our knowledge of the local epidemiology of the disease is restricted by a lack of serological information and data for characterized viruses causing field outbreaks. In order to improve our understanding of the prevailing situation, this study was initiated to establish the FMD viruses (FMDV) circulating in the country. During 2016, sera (n = 93) and epithelia/oral swab (n = 20) samples were collected from cattle from four districts in Southern Ghana that experienced FMD outbreaks. Sera were analyzed using the PrioCHECK® FMDV non-structural protein (NSP) ELISA whereas the epithelia/oral swab samples were examined by virus isolation, antigen ELISA, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequencing of VP1 followed by phylogenetic analysis. Assay for antibodies against FMDV NSPs provided evidence of exposure to FMDV in 88.2% (82/93) of the sera tested. Serotypes O and A viruses were detected from clinical samples by RT-PCR and sequencing of VP1. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 coding sequences revealed that the serotype O viruses belonged to the West Africa (WA) topotype and were most closely related to viruses from Niger and Benin, while the serotype A viruses clustered within genotype IV (G-IV) of the Africa topotype and were most closely related to viruses from Nigeria. This study provides useful information on FMDV serotypes and viral lineages that circulate in Ghana and West Africa that may aid in the formulation of effective FMD control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias V Teye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Teresa K Sebunya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Elliot M Fana
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - LaToya Seoke
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Joseph A Awuni
- Accra Veterinary Laboratory, Veterinary Services Directorate, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, P. O. Box M 161, Accra, Ghana
| | - George Matlho
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Melvin Leteane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Joseph M K Hyera
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana.
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13
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Bertram MR, Bravo de Rueda C, Garabed R, Dickmu Jumbo S, Moritz M, Pauszek S, Abdoulkadiri S, Rodriguez LL, Arzt J. Molecular Epidemiology of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in the Context of Transboundary Animal Movement in the Far North Region of Cameroon. Front Vet Sci 2018; 5:320. [PMID: 30619901 PMCID: PMC6301994 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transboundary movement of animals is an important mechanism for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) spread in endemic regions, such as Cameroon. Several transboundary animal trade routes cross the Far North Region of Cameroon, and cattle moved on foot along these routes often come in contact with native (sedentary and transhumant) herds. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of transboundary trade cattle in the epidemiology of FMDV in the Far North Region of Cameroon. A total of 582 oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) samples were collected from asymptomatic transboundary trade cattle at official border check points and 57 vesicle epithelial tissues were collected from clinically affected native cattle in the Far North Region of Cameroon during 2010-2014. Viral protein 1 (VP1) coding sequences were obtained from 6 OPF samples from transboundary cattle (4 serotype O, 2 serotype SAT2) and 19 epithelial tissue samples from native cattle (7 serotype O, 3 serotype SAT2, 9 serotype A). FMDV serotype O viruses belonged to two topotypes (East Africa-3 and West Africa), and phylogenetic analyses suggested a pattern of continuous transmission in the region. Serotype SAT2 viruses belonged to a single topotype (VII), and phylogenetic analysis suggested a pattern of repeated introductions of different SAT2 lineages in the region. Serotype A viruses belonged to topotype AFRICA/G-IV, and the pattern of transmission was unclear. Spearman rank correlation analysis of VP1 coding sequences obtained in this study from transboundary and native cattle showed a positive correlation between genetic distance and time for serotype O (ρ = 0.71, p = 0.003) and between genetic distance and geographic distance for serotype SAT2 (ρ = 0.54, p = 0.1). These data suggest that transboundary trade cattle participate in the transmission of FMDV in the Far North Region of Cameroon, however the dynamics and direction of transmission could not be determined in this study. Results of this study contribute to the understanding of transboundary FMDV epidemiology in Central Africa and will help to inform control programs in Cameroon and in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda R. Bertram
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Greenport, NY, United States
- Research Participation Program, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Carla Bravo de Rueda
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Greenport, NY, United States
- Research Participation Program, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
| | - Rebecca Garabed
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | - Mark Moritz
- Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Steven Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Greenport, NY, United States
| | | | - Luis L. Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Greenport, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Department of Agriculture, Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Greenport, NY, United States
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14
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Pezzoni G, Bregoli A, Grazioli S, Barbieri I, Madani H, Omani A, Sadaoui H, Bouayed N, Wadsworth J, Bachanek-Bankowska K, Knowles NJ, King DP, Brocchi E. Foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks due to an exotic virus serotype A lineage (A/AFRICA/G-IV) in Algeria in 2017. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:7-13. [PMID: 30222914 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the genetic characterization of serotype A viruses collected during outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) that occurred in Algeria in 2017. These are the first reports of clinical cases due to this serotype in the country since 1977. One complete genomic sequence (comprising 8,119 nucleotides) and three additional near-complete genomic sequences were generated. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that these viruses were classified within the A/AFRICA/G-IV lineage, most closely related to viruses circulating in Nigeria between 2009 and 2015. These unexpected results motivate further studies to define the precise pathways by which this viral lineage has been introduced into North Africa in order to understand risks of future disease incursions into the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Bregoli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Santina Grazioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Barbieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Hafsa Madani
- Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Amel Omani
- Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Hassiba Sadaoui
- Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nadera Bouayed
- Institut National de la Médecine Vétérinaire, El Harrach, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Jemma Wadsworth
- The Pirbright Institute (TPI), Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute (TPI), Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute (TPI), Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
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15
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Complete Genome Sequences of Five Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses of Serotype A Isolated from Cattle in Nigeria between 2013 and 2015. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2018; 6:6/7/e00039-18. [PMID: 29449384 PMCID: PMC5814479 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00039-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequences of 5 foot-and-mouth disease viruses of serotype A are reported here. These viruses originate from outbreaks in northern Nigeria in 2013 to 2015 and belong to the A/AFRICA/G-IV lineage.
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16
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Ehizibolo DO, Haegeman A, De Vleeschauwer AR, Umoh JU, Kazeem HM, Okolocha EC, Van Borm S, De Clercq K. Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype SAT1 in cattle, Nigeria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 64:683-690. [PMID: 28224715 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) dynamics and epidemiology in Nigeria and the West Africa subregion is important to support local and regional control plans and international risk assessment. Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype South African territories (SAT)1 was isolated, identified and characterized from an FMD outbreak in cattle in Nigeria in 2015, 35 years after the last report of FMDV SAT1 in West Africa. The VP1 coding sequence of the Nigerian 2015 SAT1 isolates diverges from reported SAT1 topotypes resulting in a separate topotype. The reporting of a novel FMDV SAT1 strain in the virus pool 5 (West and Central Africa) highlights the dynamic and complex nature of FMDV in this region of Africa. Sustained surveillance is needed to understand the origin, the extent and distribution of this novel SAT1 topotype in the region as well as to detect and monitor the occurrence of (re-)emerging FMDV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D O Ehizibolo
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria.,Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Haegeman
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A R De Vleeschauwer
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - J U Umoh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H M Kazeem
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - E C Okolocha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - S Van Borm
- Molecular Platform, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre, Ukkel, Belgium
| | - K De Clercq
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
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