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İnce ÖB, Şevik M, Şener R, Türk T. Spatiotemporal analysis of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in cattle and small ruminants in Türkiye between 2010 and 2019. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:923-939. [PMID: 38015325 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Determining the dynamics associated with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks is important for being able to develop effective strategic plans against the disease. In this direction, spatiotemporal analysis of FMD virus (FMDV) epidemic data that occurred in Türkiye between 2010 and 2019 was carried out. Spatiotemporal analysis was performed by the space-time scan statistic using data from a total of 7,796 FMD outbreaks. Standard deviational ellipse analysis (SDE) was performed to analyse the directional trend of FMD. Five, six, and three significant and high-risk clusters were identified by the space-time cluster analysis for serotypes A, O, and Asia-1, respectively. The SDE analysis indicated that direction of FMD transmission was northeast to southwest. A significant decrease in the number of outbreaks and cases were observed between 2014 and 2019 compared to 2010-2013 (p = 0.010). Most of the serotype A, serotype O, and serotype Asia-1 associated FMD outbreaks were observed during the dry season (April to September). Among FMD cases, cattle and small ruminants accounted for 80.75% (180,932 cases) and 19.25% (43,116 cases), respectively. Among the serotypes detected in the cases, the most frequently detected serotype was serotype O (50.84%), followed by serotypes A (35.67%) and Asia-1 (13.49%). The results obtained in this study may contribute to when and where control programs could be implemented more efficiently for the prevention and control of FMD. Developing risk-defined regional control plans by taking into account the current livestock production including uncontrolled animal movements in border regions, rural livestock, livestock trade between provinces are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Barış İnce
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ereğli, Konya, 42310, Türkiye
| | - Murat Şevik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Necmettin Erbakan University, Ereğli, Konya, 42310, Türkiye.
| | - Rümeysa Şener
- Department of Geomatics Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Türkiye
| | - Tarık Türk
- Department of Geomatics Engineering, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, 58140, Türkiye
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Zewdie G, Akalu M, Tolossa W, Belay H, Deresse G, Zekarias M, Tesfaye Y. A review of foot-and-mouth disease in Ethiopia: epidemiological aspects, economic implications, and control strategies. Virol J 2023; 20:299. [PMID: 38102688 PMCID: PMC10724896 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02263-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease that affects the livelihoods and productivity of livestock farmers in endemic regions. It can infect various domestic and wild animals with cloven hooves and is caused by a virus belonging to the genus Aphthovirus and family Picornaviridae, which has seven different serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia-1. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular epidemiology, economic impact, diagnosis, and control measures of FMD in Ethiopia in comparison with the global situation. The genetic and antigenic diversity of FMD viruses requires a thorough understanding for developing and applying effective control strategies in endemic areas. FMD has direct and indirect economic consequences on animal production. In Ethiopia, FMD outbreaks have led to millions of USD losses due to the restriction or rejection of livestock products in the international market. Therefore, in endemic areas, disease control depends on vaccinations to prevent animals from developing clinical disease. However, in Ethiopia, due to the presence of diverse antigenic serotypes of FMD viruses, regular and extensive molecular investigation of new field isolates is necessary to perform vaccine-matching studies to evaluate the protective potential of the vaccine strain in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girma Zewdie
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.
| | - Mirtneh Akalu
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Department of Biotechnology, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Ap, 522502, India
| | | | - Hassen Belay
- Africa Union Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Center (AU-PANVAC), P. O. Box: 1746, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Getaw Deresse
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | | | - Yeneneh Tesfaye
- National Veterinary Institute (NVI), P. O. Box: 19, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
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3
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Ularamu HG, Lefebvre DJ, Haegeman A, Wungak YS, Ehizibolo DO, Lazarus DD, De Vleeschauwer AR, De Clercq K. Complex Circulation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Cattle in Nigeria. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:466. [PMID: 32974391 PMCID: PMC7468398 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nigeria is a large densely populated country in West Africa. Most of its livestock is raised in a pastoralist production system with typical long distance migration in search of water and feed. As the demand for animal products largely exceeds the domestic production, large numbers of livestock are imported from neighboring countries without sanitary restrictions. In Nigeria, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A, and Southern African Territories (SAT)2 are endemic for a long time. Clinical outbreaks of FMD due to serotype SAT1 are described again since 2015, after an absence of more than 30 years. Historically, outbreaks of FMD due to serotypes O, A, SAT1, and SAT2 were each time associated with trade of cattle entering Nigeria from neighboring countries. In the present study, tissue samples from 27 outbreaks of FMD were collected in Nigerian cattle from 2012 until 2017 in six different States and in the Federal Capital Territory. FMDV was isolated and serotyped and further characterized by VP1 sequencing and phylogenetic analysis to gain more knowledge on FMDV circulation in Nigeria. Half of the outbreaks were characterized as FMDV topotype O/EA-3, while outbreaks with other serotypes and topotypes were—in descending order—less prevalent: A/Africa/G-IV, SAT1/X, SAT2/VII, and O/WA. The high dynamics and omnipresence of FMD in Nigeria were illustrated in Plateau State where FMDV serotypes O, SAT1, and SAT2 were isolated during the course of the study, while at some point in the study, outbreaks due to FMDV serotype A were observed in three remote States. The genetic and phylogenetic analysis suggests a mixed origin of FMD outbreaks. Some outbreaks seem to be caused by sustained local transmission of FMDV strains present in Nigeria since a number of years, while other outbreaks seem to be related to recent incursions with new FMDV strains. The role of African buffaloes in the etiology of FMD in Nigeria is unclear, and sampling of wildlife is needed. The results of the present study suggest that systematic sample collection is essential to understand the complex concomitance of FMDV strains in Nigeria and essential to support the implementation of a vaccination-based control plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussaini G Ularamu
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - David J Lefebvre
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in Animals, Service for Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andy Haegeman
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in Animals, Service for Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yiltawe S Wungak
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - David O Ehizibolo
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - David D Lazarus
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - Annebel R De Vleeschauwer
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in Animals, Service for Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Sciensano, Scientific Direction of Infectious Diseases in Animals, Service for Exotic Viruses and Particular Diseases, Brussels, Belgium
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Abdel‐Aziz AI, Romey A, Relmy A, Gorna K, Laloy E, Métras R, Muñoz F, Blaise‐Boisseau S, Zientara S, Lancelot R, Bakkali Kassimi L. Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus in Chad. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:114-121. [PMID: 31845545 PMCID: PMC7036305 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in domestic ruminants and at characterizing the virus strains circulating in four areas of Chad (East Batha, West Batha, Wadi Fira and West Ennedi). The study was carried out between October and November 2016. A total of 1,520 sera samples (928 cattle, 216 goats, 254 sheep and 122 dromedaries) were collected randomly for FMD serological analyses. Nine epithelial tissue samples were also collected from cattle showing clinical signs, for FMDV isolation and characterization. Serological results showed an overall NSP seroprevalence of 40% (375/928) in cattle in our sample (95% CrI [19-63]). However, seroprevalences of 84% (27/32), 78% (35/45) and 84% (21/25) were estimated in cattle over 5 years of age in East Batha, West Batha and Wadi Fira, respectively. In cattle under 1 year of age, 67% (18/27) seroprevalence was estimated in Wadi Fira, 64% (14/22) in East Batha and 59% (13/22) in West Batha. It was found that the high seroprevalences have been obtained in areas where pastures are shared by several different herds but also in farms where two to three species (bovine, caprine and ovine) are raised together. ELISA PrioCHECK® FMDV types O and A and in-house solid phase competition ELISA serotyping results showed that the four O, A, SAT1 and SAT2 serotypes have circulated in Chad in 2016. However, the type SAT2 dominated with an overall seroprevalence of 43% (29/67) and was present in the four areas investigated. The phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 coding sequence allowed determining the serotype SAT2 topotype VII, close to viral strains found in Cameroon in 2015 with a similarity of 98.60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arada Izzedine Abdel‐Aziz
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
- CIRADUMR ASTREMontpellierFrance
- Institut de Recherches en Élevage pour le Développement (IRED)N’DjamenaTchad
- Université de N’DjamenaN’DjamenaTchad
| | - Aurore Romey
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Anthony Relmy
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Kamila Gorna
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Eve Laloy
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Raphaelle Métras
- CIRADUMR ASTREMontpellierFrance
- ASTREUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellierFrance
| | - Facundo Muñoz
- CIRADUMR ASTREMontpellierFrance
- ASTREUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellierFrance
| | - Sandra Blaise‐Boisseau
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Stephan Zientara
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
| | - Renaud Lancelot
- CIRADUMR ASTREMontpellierFrance
- ASTREUniversité de MontpellierCIRADINRAMontpellierFrance
| | - Labib Bakkali Kassimi
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale de Maisons‐AlfortUMR Virologie 1161INRAÉcole Nationale Vétérinaire d’AlfortANSESUniversité Paris‐EstMaisons‐AlfortFrance
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Baazizi R, Mimoune N, Mokhefi ME, Raza M, Chahed A, Hussain T. Knowledge and behavior of cattle and sheep owners and herders regarding foot-and-mouth disease in Northern Algeria. Vet World 2019; 12:1285-1290. [PMID: 31641309 PMCID: PMC6755404 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1285-1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has been occurring in Algeria since 2014, when an outbreak was announced in Setif, a district in the eastern region of the country. The problem was apparently resolved with the help of vaccination. However, in 2015, 2016, and 2018, FMD recurred. The veterinary authorities and media educated breeders on how to recognize the clinical signs and how to report the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and recognition of FMD by farmers and breeders. Moreover, an assessment of the behavior of cattle and sheep owners and herders following FMD cases is examined. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to October 2018 to evaluate the perception of cattle and sheep owners and breeders regarding FMD in the Northern regions of Algeria, using questionnaires. Results: One hundred questionnaires were distributed; 71 were collected. Data showed that all the responders claimed to know about the disease, while more than half of the owners/herders claimed that they knew the clinical symptoms of FMD and mentioned fever, hypersalivation, lameness, and vesicles. Fewer than half (42%) (30/71) took some measures to prevent the disease, while more than half (58%) (41/71) did not take any measures in 2018. No one claimed to have reported the disease to authorities in 2018, while more than half had done so in 2014. Conclusion: It appears that experienced farmers recognized the clinical signs of FMD, while an academic background was not conclusively necessary for the identification of the clinical signs of the disease. Concerning the assessment of risk-associated behavior in the event of FMD occurrence, the responses of the breeders were not significantly different from those of risk-associated behaviors in the event of an epidemic. Farmers and breeders expressed similarity in terms of communicating the appearance of the disease in their livestock; the majority of them seemed to be aware of the importance of reporting the disease to local authorities, especially in 2014, when the disease first occurred. This behavior is encouraged by refund and technical assistance policies by the veterinary authorities, but in 2018, no disease was reported due to fear of slaughtering and economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratiba Baazizi
- Department of Clinic, National Veterinary High School, ENSV, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nora Mimoune
- Department of Clinic, National Veterinary High School, ENSV, Algiers, Algeria
| | - M'Hamed El Mokhefi
- Department of Clinic, National Veterinary High School, ENSV, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Muslim Raza
- Department of Quantitative Methods, School of Business and Economics, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amina Chahed
- Department of Clinic, National Veterinary High School, ENSV, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ali MZ, Islam E, Giasuddin M. Outbreak investigation, molecular detection, and characterization of foot and mouth disease virus in the Southern part of Bangladesh. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:346-354. [PMID: 31583231 PMCID: PMC6760506 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate Foot and Mouth Disease virus (FMDV) outbreak in cattle in the Sarankhola Upazila under Bagerhat district of Bangladesh with isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of FMDV during April 2018. Materials and Methods: This Upazila is located at southern border of Bangladesh and surrounded by mangrove forest Sundarban. The outbreak investigation team collected epidemiological data from outbreak location. In addition, the team collected a total of 30 (15 calves, 15 adult) tongue epithelial tissue samples from a clinically FMD-affected cattle. The confirmation of FMDV and its three serotypes (A, O, and Asia-1) was performed by Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). An amplified product of the VP1 region of FMDV genome was sequenced by Sanger sequencing method after cultivation and reconfirmation of FMDV into the BHK21 cell line. Genetic variability was studied by constructing a phylogenetic tree. Results: The investigation survey was carried out in overall 8,393 (8,393/15,580; 53.89%) cases including 3,050 (3,050/8,393; 36.34%) cases in calf and 5,343 (5,343/8,393; 59.77%) cases in adult cattle. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was recorded as 2.27% (354/15,580) with significantly highest CFR in the calf (71.46%; 253/354) compared to an adult. The collected all 30 samples found with FMDV positive and mixed infection of all samples with serotype Asia-1 and serotype O were observed. In BHK 21 cell line, the eight FMDV positive samples showed a typical cytopathic effect during the third passage. Finally, DNA sequence data of two isolates found closely related with the isolates of bordering country India and Myanmar. Conclusion: The investigation identified the risk factors involved in an outbreak of FMDV, namely, sharing the common paddy land after harvesting, no FMD vaccination, the interaction between cattle and wildlife, and cross bordering movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zulfekar Ali
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Eusha Islam
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Research on FMD and PPR in Bangladesh, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ehizibolo DO, De Vleeschauwer AR, Haegeman A, Lefebvre D, Nwosuh CI, Umoh JU, Okolocha EC, Kazeem HM, Van Borm S, De Clercq K. Serological and molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in agro-pastoralist livestock herds in the kachia grazing reserve, Nigeria. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 66:1575-1586. [PMID: 30901506 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Kachia Grazing Reserve (KGR) is located in Kaduna state in north-western Nigeria and consists of 6 contiguous blocks housing 744 defined households (HH), all engaged in livestock keeping. It is considered as a homogenous epidemiological unit and a defined study area. In 2012, all cattle and sheep of 40 selected HH were sampled to determine sero-prevalence of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and of FMDV. The overall sero-prevalence of antibodies to the non-structural 3ABC protein (NSP-3ABC ELISA) was 28.9% (380/1,315) (30.6% cattle; 16.3% sheep), and in 4.5% (62/1,380) (5% cattle; 0.6% sheep) of the examined sera FMD viral RNA could be detected by real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). Additionally, in 2012 and 2014 serum, epithelium and probang samples were collected from cattle in reported FMD outbreaks and the causative FMDVs were molecularly characterized. Approximately half (28/59) of the outbreak sera reacted positive in NSP-3ABC ELISA, and 88% (52/59) of the outbreak sera contained detectable viral RNA. Overall, antibodies against five FMDV serotypes (O, A, SAT1, SAT2 and SAT3) were detected by solid phase competitive ELISA with combinations of two or more serotypes being common. Of the 21 FMDVs that could be isolated 19 were sequenced and 18 were confirmed as SAT2 (lineage VII) while one was characterized as serotype O (EA-3 topotype). Phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between Nigerian FMDV strains and strains in this region and even with strains in North-Africa. Our findings indicate that FMD constitutes an endemic health problem to cattle rearing in the agro-pastoralist community in the KGR and that the KGR is not a closed epidemiological unit. Insight into the local FMDV epidemiology and in the circulating FMDV serotypes/strains is of support to the relevant authorities in Nigeria when considering the need for an FMD control policy to improve animal production in grazing reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Odion Ehizibolo
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | | | - Andy Haegeman
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - David Lefebvre
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Chika I Nwosuh
- FMD Laboratory, Viral Research Division, National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom, Nigeria
| | - Jarlath U Umoh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel C Okolocha
- Department of Veterinary Public Health & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Haruna M Kazeem
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Steven Van Borm
- Molecular Platform, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kris De Clercq
- Vesicular and Exotic Diseases Unit, Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (CODA-CERVA), Brussels, Belgium
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Teye MV, Sebunya TK, Fana EM, King DP, Seoke L, Knowles NJ, Awuni JA, Matlho G, Leteane M, Hyera JMK. Foot-and-mouth disease in Southern Ghana: occurrence and molecular characterization of circulating viruses. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1667-1677. [PMID: 30879248 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is considered to be endemic in Ghana. However, our knowledge of the local epidemiology of the disease is restricted by a lack of serological information and data for characterized viruses causing field outbreaks. In order to improve our understanding of the prevailing situation, this study was initiated to establish the FMD viruses (FMDV) circulating in the country. During 2016, sera (n = 93) and epithelia/oral swab (n = 20) samples were collected from cattle from four districts in Southern Ghana that experienced FMD outbreaks. Sera were analyzed using the PrioCHECK® FMDV non-structural protein (NSP) ELISA whereas the epithelia/oral swab samples were examined by virus isolation, antigen ELISA, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and sequencing of VP1 followed by phylogenetic analysis. Assay for antibodies against FMDV NSPs provided evidence of exposure to FMDV in 88.2% (82/93) of the sera tested. Serotypes O and A viruses were detected from clinical samples by RT-PCR and sequencing of VP1. Phylogenetic analysis of VP1 coding sequences revealed that the serotype O viruses belonged to the West Africa (WA) topotype and were most closely related to viruses from Niger and Benin, while the serotype A viruses clustered within genotype IV (G-IV) of the Africa topotype and were most closely related to viruses from Nigeria. This study provides useful information on FMDV serotypes and viral lineages that circulate in Ghana and West Africa that may aid in the formulation of effective FMD control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias V Teye
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Teresa K Sebunya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Elliot M Fana
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - LaToya Seoke
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Joseph A Awuni
- Accra Veterinary Laboratory, Veterinary Services Directorate, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, P. O. Box M 161, Accra, Ghana
| | - George Matlho
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Melvin Leteane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Joseph M K Hyera
- OIE Sub-Saharan Africa Regional Reference Laboratory for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Botswana Vaccine Institute, Private Bag 0031, Gaborone, Botswana.
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Hemida MG, Rizk El-Ghareeb W, Al-Hizab F, Ibrahim A. Foot-and-mouth disease virus O/ME-SA/Ind 2001 lineage outbreak in vaccinated Holstein Friesian cattle in Saudi Arabia in 2016. Vet Q 2019; 38:88-98. [PMID: 30706772 PMCID: PMC6831000 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2018.1539568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious viral infection of large ruminants. Despite the massive application of vaccines against FMDV, several outbreaks are still being reported in Africa and Asia. Aim: To perform molecular characterization of FMDV in an outbreak among a cattle herd Saudi Arabia in 2016. This herd had been vaccinated with a polyvalent FMDV vaccine. Methods: To investigate this outbreak, we collected specimens from 77 animals showing typical clinical signs of FMDV. Specimens including sera, nasal swabs, and tissues (tongue, coronary bands, hooves, and hearts) were collected. We tested the collected cattle sera for the presence of FMDV antibodies with commercial ELISA kits. In addition, we tested the swabs for the presence of the most common FMDV strains (O, A, Asia-1 and SAT-2) with RT-PCR using serotype-specific oligonucleotides. Results: Serology showed that 22% of the tested sera were positive. Molecular testing of the examined swabs confirmed that 24% of the tested animals were positive. Our sequencing analysis confirmed that the circulating strains of FMDV belonged to FMDV serotype O. The phylogenetic tree based on the FMDV-VP-1 gene revealed high nucleotide identity between the circulating strains and the Bangladesh strain (99%). These strains were distinct (shared 89% nucleotide identity) from the FMDV-O strains used for the preparation of the vaccine administered to the animals in this herd. Moreover, they had 7% nucleotide difference between the FMDV-O strains reported in Saudi Arabian in 2013. Conclusion: More in-depth molecular characterization of these FMDV strains is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Gomaa Hemida
- a Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine , King Faisal University , Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.,b Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Kafrelsheikh University , Kafelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Walid Rizk El-Ghareeb
- c Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine , King Faisal University , Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.,d Food Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine , Zagazig University , Al Sharqia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Fahad Al-Hizab
- e Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary medicine , King Faisal University , Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelazim Ibrahim
- e Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary medicine , King Faisal University , Saudi Arabia.,f Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine , Suez Canal University , Ismailia Governorate, Egypt
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10
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Brito B, Pauszek SJ, Hartwig EJ, Smoliga GR, Vu LT, Dong PV, Stenfeldt C, Rodriguez LL, King DP, Knowles NJ, Bachanek-Bankowska K, Long NT, Dung DH, Arzt J. A traditional evolutionary history of foot-and-mouth disease viruses in Southeast Asia challenged by analyses of non-structural protein coding sequences. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6472. [PMID: 29691483 PMCID: PMC5915611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24870-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination of rapidly evolving RNA-viruses provides an important mechanism for diversification, spread, and emergence of new variants with enhanced fitness. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes an important transboundary disease of livestock that is endemic to most countries in Asia and Africa. Maintenance and spread of FMDV are driven by periods of dominance of specific viral lineages. Current understanding of the molecular epidemiology of FMDV lineages is generally based on the phylogenetic relationship of the capsid-encoding genes, with less attention to the process of recombination and evolution of non-structural proteins. In this study, the putative recombination breakpoints of FMDVs endemic to Southeast Asia were determined using full-open reading frame sequences. Subsequently, the lineages’ divergence times of recombination-free genome regions were estimated. These analyses revealed a close relationship between two of the earliest endemic viral lineages that appear unrelated when only considering the phylogeny of their capsid proteins. Contrastingly, one lineage, named O/CATHAY, known for having a particular host predilection (pigs) has evolved independently. Additionally, intra-lineage recombination occurred at different breakpoints compared to the inter-lineage process. These results provide new insights about FMDV recombination patterns and the evolutionary interdependence of FMDV serotypes and lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brito
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA. .,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.
| | - Steven J Pauszek
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - Ethan J Hartwig
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - George R Smoliga
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - Le T Vu
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Pham V Dong
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Luis L Rodriguez
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA
| | - Donald P King
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - Nick J Knowles
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | | | - Ngo T Long
- Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Do H Dung
- Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, NY, USA.
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11
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Souley Kouato B, Thys E, Renault V, Abatih E, Marichatou H, Issa S, Saegerman C. Spatio-temporal patterns of foot-and-mouth disease transmission in cattle between 2007 and 2015 and quantitative assessment of the economic impact of the disease in Niger. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1049-1066. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Souley Kouato
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg); Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Centre; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN); Niamey Niger
| | - E. Thys
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Institute of Tropical Medicine; Antwerp Belgium
| | - V. Renault
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg); Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Centre; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
| | - E. Abatih
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics; Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - H. Marichatou
- Faculté d'Agronomie; Université Abdou Moumouni de Niamey; Niamey Niger
| | - S. Issa
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique du Niger (INRAN); Niamey Niger
| | - C. Saegerman
- Research Unit in Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg); Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH) Centre; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Liege; Liege Belgium
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