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Liu W, Tao YH, Lu CP, Zhang L, Chen J, Lin ZH. Transcriptomic analysis of skin immunity genes in the Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) after Proteus mirabilis infection. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101172. [PMID: 38056223 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, populations of Chinese spiny frogs (Quasipaa spinosa), an important amphibian species in China, have decreased, mainly due to a disease caused by the gram-negative bacteria Proteus mirabilis. To elucidate the immune response of the frogs, this study aimed to identify novel candidate genes functionally associated with P. mirabilis infection-induced "rotting skin" disease. Chinese spiny frogs were infected with P. mirabilis, and the skin transcriptome was sequenced using the MGISEQ-2000 platform. A total of 233,965 unigenes were obtained by sequencing, of which 27.23 % were known genes. Screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated 210 unigenes differentially expressed after P. mirabilis infection, of which 132 unigenes were up-regulated, and 78 unigenes were down-regulated. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis, DEGs were identified as enriched in signal pathways, such as oxidative phosphorylation, apoptosis, and the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway. Of the DEGs, there was a significant upregulation of the colony stimulating factor 2 receptor beta common subunit, interleukin 2 receptor subunit gamma, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide, interleukin-17 receptor E, receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3, and pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D immune genes following P. mirabilis infection. Conversely, scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain-containing group B protein, tumor protein p53 inducible nuclear protein 2, suppressor of cytokine signaling 2, and metalloreductase STEAP3 were significantly downregulated. In conclusion, the first skin transcriptome database of Chinese spiny frogs was established, and several immune genes were identified to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism of "skin rot" in Chinese spiny frogs and other cultured frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Industrial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China; Forestry Bureau of Lishui City, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Yu-Hui Tao
- Forestry Bureau of Jinyun County, Lishui 321400, China
| | - Cheng-Pu Lu
- Industrial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Le Zhang
- School of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Industrial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
| | - Zhi-Hua Lin
- Industrial College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Health, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
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Wang Y, Xie Z. Identification and drug resistance of pathogen of ulcerative skin disease and its immune responses and protective efficacy after vaccination in a giant spiny frog, Quasipaa spinosa. Microb Pathog 2024; 187:106526. [PMID: 38163491 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to explore the pathogen of the ulcerative skin disease in giant spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa), and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the disease in practical production, this study was carried out to isolate and identify the pathogenic bacteria from the sick frogs suffering from rotting skin disease and to carry out the immunization test of the inactivated vaccine. METHODS Physiological and biochemical characterization, and molecular biology of the pathogenic bacteria were identified, and drug screening and immunization responses were also carried out. RESULTS The dominant bacterium QS01 was isolated from the lesions of diseased giant spiny frogs, which was confirmed to be the causative agent of the rotting skin disease of giant spiny frogs by artificial regression infection test. Based on the fact that the pathogen is a gram-negative short bacterium, its phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences were analyzed, and the bacterium was determined to be Citrobacter freundii. The results of the drug sensitivity test showed that the bacterium was sensitive to 11 antibiotics, including Enrofloxacin, Fleroxacin and Ciprofloxacin, including three non-polluting drugs such as Florfenicol, Roxithromycin and Thiamphenicol, as well as three Chinese herbal medicines such as Rheum officinale Baill, Coptis chinensis Franch and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. Most non-specific immune responses could go to recovery in 24h. The frogs were vaccinated with QS01 formaldehyde inactivated vaccine by injection, immersion and spraying, and the serum antibody potency of the three immunized groups with the average potency reached the peak at the 20th d after immunization, and the serum antibody potency of the injected immunized group was at the highest ratio of 1:64-128 (101.6), while the immersed group and the spraying group attained the ratio of 1:16-32 (20.2) and 1:16-32 (16) respectively, and lasted until the 30th d. The control group that was not immunized had the highest serum antibody potency of 1:16-32 (20.2) and 1:16-32 (16), and continued until the 30th d. The control group that was not immunized was not immunized. The serum antibody potency of the unimmunized control group was 1:2 to 2(2). The immunoprotection rates after takedown were 100 %, 85.71 % and 71.43 %, respectively. CONCLUSION C. freundii is the pathogen of the disease in this farm, and the vaccination by immersion and spraying can effectively prevent and control the rotting skin disease in frogs. These results revealed pathogenicity of C. freundii and its activation of host immune response, which will provide a scientific reference for the aquaculture and disease prevention in Q. spinosa culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongpeng Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Pingxiang Health Vocational College, Pingxiang, 337000, China; Graduate School, St. Paul University Philippines, Tuguegarao, Cagayan, Philippines.
| | - Zhigang Xie
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
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Li F, Chen B, Xu M, Feng Y, Deng Y, Huang X, Geng Y, Ouyang P, Chen D. Immune Activation and Inflammatory Response Mediated by the NOD/Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway-The Potential Mechanism of Bullfrog ( Lithobates catesbeiana) Meningitis Caused by Elizabethkingia miricola. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14554. [PMID: 37833994 PMCID: PMC10572524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia miricola is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that is highly pathogenic in both immunocompromised humans and animals. Once the disease occurs, treatment can be very difficult. Therefore, a deep understanding of the pathological mechanism of Elizabethkingia miricola is the key to the prevention and control of the disease. In this study, we isolated the pathogenic bacteria from bullfrogs with dark skin color, weak limbs, wryneck, and cataracts. Via subsequent morphological observations and a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the pathogen was identified as Elizabethkingia miricola. The histopathological and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the brain was the main target organ. Therefore, brain samples from diseased and healthy bullfrogs were used for the RNA-Seq analysis. The comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the diseased bullfrog brain was characterized by the immune activation and inflammatory response, which were mediated by the "NOD-like receptor signaling pathway" and the "Toll-like receptor signaling pathway". We also performed qRT-PCR to examine the expression profile of inflammation-related genes, which further verified the reliability of our transcriptome data. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the NOD/Toll-like receptor-related networks that dominate the immune activation and inflammatory response were activated in the brain of Elizabethkingia miricola-infected bullfrogs. This study contributes to the search for therapeutic targets for bullfrog meningitis and provides basic information for establishing effective measures to prevent and control bullfrog meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Baipeng Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.F.); (Y.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China;
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.F.); (Y.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.F.); (Y.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
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Nascimento APA, de Farias BO, Gonçalves-Brito AS, Magaldi M, Flores C, Quidorne CS, Montenegro KS, Bianco K, Clementino MM. Phylogenomics analysis of multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia anophelis in industrial wastewater treatment plant. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad215. [PMID: 37715335 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the phylogenetic relatedness of multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia anophelis recovered from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WWTPi). METHODS AND RESULTS The wastewater samples were plated in brain heart infusion agar (4 mg/L ceftazidime, 8 mg/L meropenem, and 2 mg/L polimixin). Four isolates recovered from four stages of WWTPi (influent, aeration, decantation, and treated effluent) were identified and evaluated of susceptibility profiles in the VITEK 2 system. These strains identified as E. meningoseptica were confirmed to be E. anophelis by whole genomic sequencing (Miseq-Illumina) and showed antimicrobial resistance genes of β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and tetracycline's classes. The ribosomal multilocus sequence typing showed that they belong to the rST 65620 together with clinical strains. The phylogenomic tree revealed the similarity of our strains to those belonging to sublineage 11 and the single nucleotide polymorphism analysis confirmed that they belong to a single clade. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the persistence of multidrug-resistant E. anophelis sublineage 11 along the wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Alves Nascimento
- National Institute of Quality Control in Health-INCQS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Oliveira de Farias
- National Institute of Quality Control in Health-INCQS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
- Fiocruz Genomic Network, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
| | - Andressa Silva Gonçalves-Brito
- National Institute of Quality Control in Health-INCQS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
- Fiocruz Genomic Network, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
| | - Mariana Magaldi
- National Institute of Quality Control in Health-INCQS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
- Fiocruz Genomic Network, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
| | - Claudia Flores
- National Institute of Quality Control in Health-INCQS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
| | - Camila Silva Quidorne
- National Institute of Quality Control in Health-INCQS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
| | - Kaylanne S Montenegro
- National Institute of Quality Control in Health-INCQS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
| | - Kayo Bianco
- National Institute of Quality Control in Health-INCQS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
- Fiocruz Genomic Network, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
- COVID-19 Monitoring Network in Wastewater, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
| | - Maysa Mandetta Clementino
- National Institute of Quality Control in Health-INCQS, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
- Fiocruz Genomic Network, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 4365, Brazil
- COVID-19 Monitoring Network in Wastewater, Santo André, São Paulo, 09210-580, Brazil
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Lin JN, Lai CH, Yang CH, Huang YH. Validation of 16S rRNA and Complete rpoB Gene Sequence Analysis for the Identification of Elizabethkingia Species. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13007. [PMID: 37629190 PMCID: PMC10455528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Elizabethkingia have emerged as a cause of life-threatening infections in humans. However, accurate species identification of these pathogens relies on molecular techniques. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of 16S rRNA and complete RNA polymerase β-subunit (rpoB) gene sequences in identifying Elizabethkingia species. A total of 173 Elizabethkingia strains with whole-genome sequences in GenBank were included. The 16S rRNA gene and rpoB gene sequences from the same Elizabethkingia strains were examined. Of the 41 E. meningoseptica strains, all exhibited >99.5% 16S rRNA similarity to its type strain. Only 83% of the 99 E. anophelis strains shared >99.5% 16S rRNA gene similarity with its type strain. All strains of E. meningoseptica and E. anophelis formed a cluster distinct from the other Elizabethkingia species in the 16S rRNA and rpoB gene phylogenetic trees. The polymorphisms of 16S rRNA gene sequences are not sufficient for constructing a phylogenetic tree to discriminate species in the E. miricola cluster (E. miricola, E. bruuniana, E. occulta, and E. ursingii). The complete rpoB gene phylogenetic tree clearly delineates all strains of Elizabethkingia species. The complete rpoB gene sequencing could be a useful complementary phylogenetic marker for the accurate identification of Elizabethkingia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Nong Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsu Lai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 912009, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
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Liu F, Hou J, Yu F, Gu Z, Hu R. Identification and pathogenicity of multidrug-resistant Elizabethkingia miricola isolated from farmed American bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana in China with in vitro screening of herbal antimicrobial agents. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH 2023; 35:117-127. [PMID: 37334434 DOI: 10.1002/aah.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In 2021, an outbreak of an infectious disease characterized by torticollis, cataracts, and neurological disorders caused massive mortality in farmed American bullfrogs Rana catesbeiana in Hubei province, China. We identified the causal agent in this outbreak, characterized its pathogenicity, and screened candidate antimicrobial agents for future disease control. METHODS Bacterium was isolated from the diseased American bullfrogs and identified based on biochemical tests, sequence analyses (16S ribosomal RNA; DNA gyrase subunit B), and experimental challenge. Furthermore, antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strain was detected with Kirby-Bauer paper diffusion method, and the antibacterial activity of 60 traditional Chinese herbal extracts against the isolated strain was evaluated by agar disc diffusion and broth dilution assays. RESULT We identified Elizabathkingia miricola strain FB210601 as the causative agent of this disease. The isolated E. miricola strain FB210601 exhibited extensive antibiotic resistance to all tested quinolones, β-lactam antibiotics, and aminoglycosides. Eight herbal extracts exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against E. miricola FB210601, especially Caesalpinia sappan and Rhus chinensis, with minimal inhibitory concentrations less than 0.2 mg/mL. Additionally, the combined effects of two-component herbal mixtures containing C. sappan or R. chinensis were greater than those of the individual extracts. CONCLUSION Our results provide a reference for understanding the pathogenesis of Elizabethkingia infection in frogs. Furthermore, this study will aid in the application of herbal extracts for protection against infections caused by multidrug-resistant Elizabathkingia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Liu
- College of Fisheries/Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahao Hou
- College of Fisheries/Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Yu
- College of Fisheries/Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zemao Gu
- College of Fisheries/Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixue Hu
- College of Fisheries/Shuangshui Shuanglü Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Aquatic Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
- National Aquatic Animal Diseases Para-reference Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Li S, Wang X, Lu Y, Wang J, Yu D, Zhou Z, Wei J, Liu L, Liu J, Liu F, Su Y, Xu H. Co-infections of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Elizabethkingia miricola in black-spotted frogs (Pelophylax nigromaculatus). Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106150. [PMID: 37196678 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pelophylax nigromaculatus is a common commercial species of frogs that generally cultured throughout China. With the application of high-density culture, P. nigromaculatus can be co-infected by two or more pathogens, which thereby induce synergistic influence on the virulence of the infection. In this study, two bacterial strains were simultaneously isolated from diseased frogs by incubating on Luria-Bertani (LB) agar. Isolates were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Elizabethkingia miricola by morphological, physiological and biochemical features, as well as 16S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The whole genome of K. pneumoniae and E. miricola isolates consist single circular chromosome of 5,419,557 bp and 4,215,349 bp, respectively. The genomic sequence analysis further indicated that K. pneumoniae isolates conserved 172 virulent and 349 antibiotic-resistance genes, whereas E. miricola contained 24 virulent and 168 antibiotic resistance genes. In LB broth, both isolates could grow well at 0%-1% NaCl concentration and pH 5-7. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that both K. pneumoniae and E. miricola were resistant to kanamycin, neomycin, ampicillin, piperacillin, carbenicillin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin and sulfisoxazole. Histopathological studies showed that co-infection caused considerable lesions in the tissues of brain, eye, muscle, spleen, kidney and liver, including cell degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration. The LD50 of K. pneumoniae and E. miricola isolates were 6.31 × 105 CFU/g and 3.98 × 105 CFU/g frog weight, respectively. Moreover, experimentally infected frogs exhibited quick and higher mortality under coinfection with K. pneumoniae and E. miricola than those single challenge of each bacterium. To date, no natural co-infection by these two bacteria has been reported from frogs and even amphibians. The results will not only shed light on the feature and pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae and E. miricola, but also highlight that co-infection of these two pathogen is a potential threat to black-spotted frog farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shurui Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Xiaoni Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jiahuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Denghang Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China; China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gastrointestinal Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jin Wei
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Lihe Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB242TZ, UK
| | - Yingbing Su
- School of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, China
| | - Hongsen Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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Wei D, Cheng Y, Xiao S, Liao W, Yu Q, Han S, Huang S, Shi J, Xie Z, Li P. Natural occurrences and characterization of Elizabethkingia miricola infection in cultured bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1094050. [PMID: 36998635 PMCID: PMC10043317 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1094050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe bacterium Elizabethkingia miricola is a multispecies pathogen associated with meningitis-like disease that has been isolated from several amphibian species, including the bullfrog, but this is the first isolation in Guangxi. In the present study, the dominant bacteria were isolated from the brains of five bullfrogs with meningitis-like disease on a South China farm in Guangxi.MethodsThe NFEM01 isolate was identified by Gram staining; morphological observations; 16S rRNA, rpoB, and mutT-based phylogenetic tree analysis; and physiochemical characterization and was subjected to drug sensitivity and artificial infection testing.Results and discussionAs a result of identification, the NFEM01 strain was found to be E. miricola. An artificial infection experiment revealed that NFEM01 infected bullfrogs and could cause symptoms of typical meningitis-like disease. As a result of the bacterial drug sensitivity test, NFEM01 is highly sensitive to mequindox, rifampicin, enrofloxacin, nitrofural, and oxytetracycline and there was strong resistance to gentamicin, florfenicol, neomycin, penicillin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, and sulfamonomethoxine. This study provides a reference to further study the pathogenesis mechanism of E. miricola-induced bullfrog meningitislike disease and its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shuangyan Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Wenyu Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shuyu Han
- Guangxi Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Nanning, China
| | - Shuaishuai Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Jingu Shi
- Guangxi Fisheries Technology Extension Station, Nanning, China
| | - Zongsheng Xie
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Science, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Zongsheng Xie, ; Pengfei Li,
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biotechnology and Modern Ecological Aquaculture, Guangxi Engineering Research Center for Fishery Major Diseases Control and Efficient Healthy Breeding Industrial Technology (GERCFT), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
- China-ASEAN Modern Fishery Industry Technology Transfer Demonstration Center, Beibu Gulf Marine Industrial Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Zongsheng Xie, ; Pengfei Li,
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Li W, Fan G, Sun K, Liu J, Liu J, Wang Y, Li E, Wu X, Shen L, Pan T. Microbial community structure dynamics of invasive bullfrog with meningitis-like infectious disease. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1126195. [PMID: 36992930 PMCID: PMC10040567 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1126195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Meningitis-like infectious disease (MID) (also known as frog cataract and torticollis) is a disease prone to occur in amphibians and reptiles. It is highly contagious and has a high mortality rate. In this study, we sampled and sequenced microbiomes from oral and intestinal samples of five normal and five diseased bullfrogs. The analysis found that the richness, uniformity, and abundance of the microbial community of the diseased bullfrogs were significantly higher than those of the normal bullfrogs in both the oral cavity and the gut. In the diseased group, the abundance of Elizabethkingia significantly increased and that of Lactococcus significantly decreased. It showed that the structure of the microbial community had changed a lot in diseased frogs. After the pathogenic bacteria infected the body, it might be make the decline in the immune function of the body declined, and resulting in some conditional pathogenic bacteria in the water body further infecting the body. As a result, the richness and composition of the microbial community significantly changed. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the control of MID of bullfrogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wengang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Wuhu, China
| | - Guangwei Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Wuhu, China
| | - Ke Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Wuhu, China
| | - Jingru Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jinyan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - En Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Wuhu, China
| | - Liang Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- *Correspondence: Liang Shen,
| | - Tao Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Wuhu, China
- Tao Pan,
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Hou J, Xiang J, Li D, Liu X. Prediction of Potential Suitable Distribution Areas of Quasipaa spinosa in China Based on MaxEnt Optimization Model. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030366. [PMID: 36979059 PMCID: PMC10045758 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Quasipaa spinosa is a large cold-water frog unique to China, with great ecological and economic value. In recent years, due to the impact of human activities on the climate, its habitat has been destroyed, resulting in a sharp decline in natural population resources. Based on the existing distribution records of Q. spinosa, this study uses the optimized MaxEnt model and ArcGis 10.2 software to screen out 10 factors such as climate and altitude to predict its future potential distribution area because of climate change. The results show that when the parameters are FC = LQHP and RM = 3, the MaxEnt model is optimal and AUC values are greater than 0.95. The precipitation of the driest month (bio14), temperature seasonality (bio4), elevation (ele), isothermality (bio3), and the minimum temperature of coldest month (bio6) were the main environmental factors affecting the potential range of the Q. spinosa. At present, high-suitability areas are mainly in the Hunan, Fujian, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Anhui, and Sichuan provinces of China. In the future, the potential distribution area of Q. spinosa may gradually extend to the northwest and north. The low-concentration emissions scenario in the future can increase the area of suitable habitat for Q. spinosa and slow down the reduction in the amount of high-suitability areas to a certain extent. In conclusion, the habitat of Q. spinosa is mainly distributed in southern China. Because of global climate change, the high-altitude mountainous areas in southern China with abundant water resources may be the main potential habitat area of Q. spinosa. Predicting the changes in the distribution patterns of Q. spinosa can better help us understand the biogeography of Q. spinosa and develop conservation strategies to minimize the impacts of climate change.
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11
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Yang S, Si C, Mani R, Keller J, Hoenerhoff MJ. Septicemia caused by an emerging pathogen, Elizabethkingia miricola, in a laboratory colony of African dwarf frogs ( Hymenochirus curtipes). Vet Pathol 2023; 60:394-401. [PMID: 36803058 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231155415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of morbidity and mortality in an African dwarf frog (Hymenochirus curtipes) colony was reported following arrival at an animal research facility. Animals were found dead on arrival or became moribund shortly thereafter, and additional animals showed clinical signs of lethargy, weight loss, and anorexia over the following 3 weeks. Externally, some affected animals presented with multifocal areas of hyperemia in the inguinal and axillary areas and on the limbs, and mottled tan discoloration along the ventral abdomen. Histologically, lesions were consistent with generalized septicemia, characterized by granulomatous meningitis, otitis media, peritonitis (coelomitis), myocarditis and pericarditis, nephritis, pneumonia, and arthritis. Gram staining identified gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria free within tissues and within macrophages. Culture results of coelomic swabs identified moderate to numerous Elizabethkingia miricola. Testing of water from tanks housing affected animals showed elevated levels of nitrites and ammonia, and the presence of Citrobacter, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus spp. cultured from several tank biofilters. E miricola is a newly recognized and rapidly emerging opportunistic pathogen in anurans and has been reported as a cause of septicemia in humans. This report documents the first occurrence of E. miricola septicemia in African dwarf frogs and illustrates the importance of this potential pathogen in the laboratory setting for amphibian research colonies, as well as those individuals directly working with them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Yang
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Catherine Si
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Rinosh Mani
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Lansing, MI
| | - Jill Keller
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mark J Hoenerhoff
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI.,In Vivo Animal Core, Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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12
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Qiao M, Zhang L, Chang J, Li H, Li J, Wang W, Yuan G, Su J. Rapid and sensitive detection of pathogenic Elizabethkingia miricola in black spotted frog by RPA-LFD and fluorescent probe-based RPA. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100059. [PMID: 36419595 PMCID: PMC9680066 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Established fluorescent probe-based RPA (exo RPA) and RPA-LFD methods for fast and sensitive detection of E. miricola. Exo RPA and RPA-LFD could detect E. miricola genomic DNA at 38 °C in 30 min. The detection sensitivity of exo RPA and RPA-LFD were 102 copies/μL. The exo RPA and RPA-LFD achieved rapid detection of E. miricola without bulky lab equipment.
Elizabethkingia miricola is a highly infectious pathogen, which causes high mortality rate in frog farming. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method. In this study, two rapid and specific methods including recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) and fluorescent probe-based recombinase polymerase amplification (exo RPA) were established to effectively detect E. miricola, which can accomplish the examination at 38 °C within 30 min. The limiting sensitivity of RPA-LFD and exo RPA (102 copies/μL) was ten-fold higher than that in generic PCR assay. The specificities of the two methods were verified by detecting multiple DNA samples (E. miricola, Staphylococcus aureus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, CyHV-2 and Edwardsiella ictaluri), and the result showed that the single band was displayed in E. miricola DNA only. By tissue bacterial load and qRT-PCR assays, brain is the most sensitive tissue. Random 24 black spotted frog brain samples from farms were tested by generic PCR, basic RPA, RPA-LFD and exo RPA assays, and the results showed that RPA-LFD and exo RPA methods were able to detect E. miricola accurately and rapidly. In summary, the methods of RPA-LFD and exo RPA were able to detect E. miricola conveniently, rapidly, accurately and sensitively. This study provides prospective methods to detect E. miricola infection in frog culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Qiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiao Chang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haoxuan Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingkang Li
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weicheng Wang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Engineering Research Center of Green development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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13
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Qiao M, Zhang L, Xu C, Huo X, Chang J, Su J. Chitosan and anisodamine enhance the immersion immune efficacy of inactivated Elizabethkingia miricola vaccine in black spotted frogs. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 130:93-102. [PMID: 36087820 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Black spotted frogs have rich nutrition and delicious meat, and its market consumption has increased year by year. However, outbreaks of the diseases have caused huge losses to the breeding industry. The crooked head disease caused by Elizabethkingia miricola (E. miricola) is highly contagious and lethal, and there is no effective treatment method. Vaccination is the most promising strategy to prevent infectious diseases. Immersion vaccination has attracted many researchers because of its simplicity of operation in preventing infectious diseases. In addition, immersion vaccines can be more effective when used with adjuvants. In this study, we prepared inactivated E. miricola with 0.3% formaldehyde, and the black spotted frogs were vaccinated by soaking in inactivated E. miricola vaccine, anisodamine + vaccine mixture, β-glucan + vaccine mixture, chitosan + vaccine mixture for 60 min. PBS was used as a control. After being challenged by E. miricola, the survival rate of anisodamine + vaccine (57%) and chitosan + vaccine group (63%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (17%). By analyzing pathological sections, we found that the chitosan + vaccine and anisodamine + vaccine groups protected the brain, eye, liver and kidney tissues of the black spotted frogs compared to the control group, which was consistent with the trend of survival rate. In addition, chitosan + vaccine and anisodamine + vaccine groups had better effects on LZM, TSOD and C3 in serum than control group. Meanwhile, the numbers of the percentage of leukocytes/haemocytes in the peripheral blood of immunized black spotted frogs increased. The anisodamine + vaccine group (5.3%) and chitosan + vaccine (5.38%) group were significantly higher than the blank control group (2.24%), which indicate that the two groups induced a more significant immune response and were more resistant to bacterial invasion. The tissue bacterial loads in liver, brain, kidney and eye were significantly lower in the anisodamine + vaccine and chitosan + vaccine groups than that of the control group. This study explored and demonstrated the good efficiency of chitosan and anisodamine as adjuvants for immunization by immersion and provided a reference for improving the efficiency of immunization by immersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Qiao
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xingchen Huo
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiao Chang
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Dean K, Coaster N, Young K, Mitchell J. Development and application of a dose-response model for Elizabethkingia spp. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2022; 43:1496-1507. [PMID: 36161308 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elizabethkingia spp. are common environmental pathogens responsible for infections in more vulnerable populations. Although the exposure routes of concern are not well understood, some hospital-associated outbreaks have indicated possible waterborne transmission. In order to facilitate quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) for Elizabethkingia spp., this study fit dose-response models to frog and mice datasets that evaluated intramuscular and intraperitoneal exposure to Elizabethkingia spp. The frog datasets could be pooled, and the exact beta-Poisson model was the best fitting model with optimized parameters α = 0.52 and β = 86,351. Using the exact beta-Poisson model, the dose of Elizabethkingia miricola resulting in a 50% morbidity response (LD50 ) was estimated to be approximately 237,000 CFU. The model developed herein was used to estimate the probability of infection for a hospital patient under a modeled exposure scenario involving a contaminated medical device and reported Elizabethkingia spp. concentrations isolated from hospital sinks after an outbreak. The median exposure dose was approximately 3 CFU/insertion event, and the corresponding median risk of infection was 3.4E-05. The median risk estimated in this case study was lower than the 3% attack rate observed in a previous outbreak, however, there are noted gaps pertaining to the possible concentrations of Elizabethkingia spp. in tap water and the most likely exposure routes. This is the first dose-response model developed for Elizabethkingia spp. thus enabling future risk assessments to help determine levels of risk and potential effective risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Dean
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalie Coaster
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kyana Young
- Department of Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jade Mitchell
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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15
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Mei M, Liu D, Tang X, You Y, Peng B, He X, Huang J. Vitamin B6 Metabolic Pathway is Involved in the Pathogenesis of Liver Diseases via Multi-Omics Analysis. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2022; 9:729-750. [PMID: 35979344 PMCID: PMC9377404 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s370255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To clarify the underlying regulatory mechanisms of progression from liver cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we analyzed the microbiomics, metabolomics, and proteomics in plasma and tissues from patients with HCC or decompensated liver cirrhosis (DC). Patients and Methods Tissues and plasma from 44 HCC patients and 28 patients with DC were collected for metabolomic analysis. 16S rRNA sequencing was performed in nine HCC tissues (HCCT), four distal noncancerous tissues (HCCN), and 11 DC tissues (DCT). Five HCC tissues had liver cirrhosis (HCCT-LC). Five hepatocellular carcinoma tissues without liver cirrhosis (HCCT-NLC) and five DCT were selected for proteomic sequencing. After combining proteomic and metabolomic analysis, we constructed a mouse model of chronic liver injury using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and treated them with vitamin B6 (VB6). Results 16s rRNA sequence results showed that HCC tissues had higher alpha diversity. The highest LDA scores were detected for Elizabethkingia in HCCT, Subsaxibacter in DCT, and Stenotrophomon in HCCN. Metabolomics results demonstrated some metabolites, including capric acid, L-threonate, choline, alpha-D-Glucose, D-ribose, betaine, 2E-eicosenoic acid, linoleic acid, L-palmitoylcarnitine, taurodeoxycholic acid, L-pyroglutamic acid, androsterone sulfate, and phthalic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (MEHP), had better diagnostic efficacy than AFP (AUC: 0.852; 95% CI: 0.749, 0.954). In a combined analysis of metabolomics and proteomics, we found that HCCT-LC had more obvious disorders of VB6 metabolism and pentose and glucuronate interconversions than DCT, and kynurenine metabolism disorder was more significant in HCCT-LC than in HCCT-NLC. In the CCl4-induced chronic liver injury model, after VB6 supplementation, inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte edema, and degeneration were significantly improved. Conclusion We found significant differences in the flora distribution between HCCT and DC; MEHP was a new diagnostic biomarker of HCC, and VB6 ameliorated the inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocyte edema, and degeneration in chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Mei
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Danping Liu
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxin Tang
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying You
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Baogang Peng
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshun He
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Huang
- Organ Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organ Donation & Transplant Immunology, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial International Cooperation Base of Science & Technology (Organ Transplantation), Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People's Republic of China
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16
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Liu Y, Huang M, Wang Y, Duan R, Guo J, Cao X, Xu X. Short-term continuous and pulse Pb exposure causes negative effects on skin histomorphological structure and bacterial composition of adult Pelophylax nigromaculatus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:56592-56605. [PMID: 35338466 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal often present in the environment as a pulse in water. Traditional toxicity tests are usually carried out under conditions of continuous concentration, without considering the impact of pulse exposure on aquatic organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of short-term continuous and pulse Pb exposures on the skin bacteria and histomorphological structure of Pelophylax nigromaculatus. Results showed that compared to the control (CON) and Pb continuous exposure group (CEPb), the Pb pulse exposure group (PEPb) showed the smallest size of granular glands, which would interfere with the permeability and secretory function of skin, making the individual more sensitive to external pollution. Lead exposure significantly changed the composition and diversity of skin bacteria. Compared to the CON and CEPb groups, the PEPb group showed a significant increase in the abundance of harmful bacteria (e.g., Bacteroidetes and Chryseobacterium) and a decrease in the abundance of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Pseudomonas). PICRUSt software showed that there were differences in the metabolic pathway of skin bacteria among the three groups (CON, CEPb, and PEPb). Overall, this study indicates that Pb pulse exposure can aggravate the toxicity of Pb for frog skin, providing a new framework for simulating short-term heavy metal exposure in the context of frog health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China.
| | - Yujiao Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Renyan Duan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Guo
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaohong Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China
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17
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Yuan PB, Zhan Y, Zhu JH, Ling JH, Chen EZ, Liu WT, Wang LJ, Zhong YX, Chen DQ. Pan-Genome Analysis of Laribacter hongkongensis: Virulence Gene Profiles, Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme Prediction, and Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862776. [PMID: 35432229 PMCID: PMC9008761 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laribacter hongkongensis is a new emerging foodborne pathogen that causes community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler’s diarrhea. However, the genetic features of L. hongkongensis have not yet been properly understood. A total of 45 aquatic animal-associated L. hongkongensis strains isolated from intestinal specimens of frogs and grass carps were subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS), along with the genome data of 4 reported human clinical strains, the analysis of virulence genes, carbohydrate-active enzymes, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants were carried out for comprehensively understanding of this new foodborne pathogen. Human clinical strains were genetically more related to some strains from frogs inferred from phylogenetic trees. The distribution of virulence genes and carbohydrate-active enzymes exhibited different patterns among strains of different sources, reflecting their adaption to different host environments and indicating different potentials to infect humans. Thirty-two AMR genes were detected, susceptibility to 18 clinical used antibiotics including aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and sulfa was checked to evaluate the availability of clinical medicines. Resistance to Rifampicin, Cefazolin, ceftazidime, Ampicillin, and ceftriaxone is prevalent in most strains, resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin are aggregated in nearly half of frog-derived strains, suggesting that drug resistance of frog-derived strains is more serious, and clinical treatment for L. hongkongensis infection should be more cautious.
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Hem S, Jarocki VM, Baker DJ, Charles IG, Drigo B, Aucote S, Donner E, Burnard D, Bauer MJ, Harris PNA, Wyrsch ER, Djordjevic SP. Genomic analysis of Elizabethkingia species from aquatic environments: Evidence for potential clinical transmission. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100083. [PMID: 34988536 PMCID: PMC8703026 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of closely related (< 50 SNV) clinical and environmental aquatic Elizabethkingia anophelis isolates. Identification of a provisional novel species Elizabethkingia umaracha. Novel blaGOB and blaB carbapenemases and extended spectrum β-lactamase blaCME alleles identified in Elizabethkingia spp. Analysis of the global phylogeny and pangenome of Elizabethkingia spp. Identification of novel ICE elements carrying uncharacterised genetic cargo in 67 / 94 (71.3%) of the aquatic environments Elizabethkingia spp.
Elizabethkingia species are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, colonize water systems in healthcare settings and are emerging opportunistic pathogens with reports surfacing in 25 countries across six continents. Elizabethkingia infections are challenging to treat, and case fatality rates are high. Chromosomal blaB, blaGOB and blaCME genes encoding carbapenemases and cephalosporinases are unique to Elizabethkingia spp. and reports of concomitant resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim are known. Here, we characterized whole-genome sequences of 94 Elizabethkingia isolates carrying multiple wide-spectrum metallo-β-lactamase (blaBand blaGOB) and extended-spectrum serine‑β-lactamase (blaCME) genes from Australian aquatic environments and performed comparative phylogenomic analyses against national clinical and international strains. qPCR was performed to quantify the levels of Elizabethkingia species in the source environments. Antibiotic MIC testing revealed significant resistance to carbapenems and cephalosporins but susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Phylogenetics show that three environmental E. anophelis isolates are closely related to E. anophelis from Australian clinical isolates (∼36 SNPs), and a new species, E. umeracha sp. novel, was discovered. Genomic signatures provide insight into potentially shared origins and a capacity to transfer mobile genetic elements with both national and international isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopheak Hem
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Dave J Baker
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Charles
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Drigo
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Sarah Aucote
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Erica Donner
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
| | - Delaney Burnard
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Building 71/918 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Michelle J Bauer
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Building 71/918 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Woman's Hospital, Building 71/918 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Ethan R Wyrsch
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- iThree Institute, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.,Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia
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A real-time PCR assay for detection of emerging infectious Elizabethkingia miricola. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 52:101571. [PMID: 32289377 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Elizabethkingia miricola, a Gram-negative bacillus, is emerging as a life-threatening pathogen in both humans and animals. However, no specific and rapid diagnostic method exists to detect E. miricola. Here, we established a real-time PCR assay for the rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of E. miricola with a wide dynamic range of 108 copies/μL to 102 copies/μL. The detection limit of the real-time assay was 145 copies/μL, which was 100 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. All clinical isolates E. miricola from different host species yield very close Tm (80.25 ± 0.25 °C). Additionally, no cross-reaction or false positives were observed in the assay for non-target bacterial species. The performance of this assay was primarily assessed by testing frog tissue samples. Overall, our study provided a real-time PCR assay, which is a rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic method that could be used for early diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of E. miricola.
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20
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Candidate Animal Disease Model of Elizabethkingia Spp. Infection in Humans, Based on the Systematic Pathology and Oxidative Damage Caused by E. miricola in Pelophylax nigromaculatus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6407524. [PMID: 31641424 PMCID: PMC6766677 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6407524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Most species of the genus Elizabethkingia are pathogenic to humans and animals, most commonly causing meningitis. However, our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved is poor and there have been few pathological studies of Elizabethkingia spp. in animals. To understand the host injury induced by Elizabethkingia spp., we established a model of E. miricola infection in the black-spotted frog (Pelophylax nigromaculatus). The systematic pathology in and oxidative damage in the infection model were investigated. Our results show that recently isolated E. miricola is a bacterium that mainly parasitizes the host brain and that neurogenic organs are the predominant sites of damage. Infection mainly manifested as severe brain abscesses, meningoencephalitis, necrotic spondylitis, and necrotic retinitis. The liver, spleen, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and lung were also affected to varying degrees, with bacterial necrotic inflammation. P. nigromaculatus also suffered enormous damage to its oxidative system during E. miricola infection, which may have further aggravated its disease state. Our results provide a preliminary reference for the study and treatment of Elizabethkingia spp.-induced neurological diseases in animals.
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21
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Lin JN, Lai CH, Yang CH, Huang YH. Elizabethkingia Infections in Humans: From Genomics to Clinics. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7090295. [PMID: 31466280 PMCID: PMC6780780 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Elizabethkingia has recently emerged as a cause of life-threatening infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Several new species in the genus Elizabethkingia have been proposed in the last decade. Numerous studies have indicated that Elizabethkingia anophelis, rather than Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, is the most prevalent pathogen in this genus. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry systems with an extended spectrum database could reliably identify E. anophelis and E. meningoseptica, but they are unable to distinguish the remaining species. Precise species identification relies on molecular techniques, such as housekeeping gene sequencing and whole-genome sequencing. These microorganisms are usually susceptible to minocycline but resistant to most β-lactams, β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitors, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. They often exhibit variable susceptibility to piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Accordingly, treatment should be guided by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Target gene mutations are markedly associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Knowledge on the genomic characteristics provides valuable insights into in these emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Nong Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Hsu Lai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Huang
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
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