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Domingos IJS, Rocha KLS, Graciano JM, Almeida LR, Doty JB, Paglia AP, Oliveira DB, Nakazawa YJ, Trindade GDS. Orthopoxvirus Circulation in an Endemic Area in Brazil: Investigation of Infections in Small Mammals during an Absence of Outbreaks. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040842. [PMID: 37112823 PMCID: PMC10144947 DOI: 10.3390/v15040842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is the causative agent of an emerging viral zoonosis called bovine vaccinia (BV). Several studies have documented characteristics of VACV infections in Brazil; however, the manner in which this virus is maintained in wildlife remains unknown. This work investigated the presence of viral DNA and anti-orthopoxvirus (OPXV) antibodies in samples collected from small mammals in a VACV-endemic area in Minas Gerais, Brazil, in the absence of current outbreaks. Samples did not show amplification of OPXV DNA in molecular tests. However, 5/142 serum samples demonstrated the presence of anti-OPXV neutralizing antibodies in serological tests. These data reinforce the involvement of small mammals in the natural cycle of VACV, highlighting the need for further ecological studies to better understand how this virus is maintained in nature and to develop measures to prevent BV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago J. S. Domingos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (I.J.S.D.); (Y.J.N.); (G.d.S.T.); Tel.: +55-(31)-3409-2755 (G.d.S.T.)
| | - Kamila L. S. Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jessica M. Graciano
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lara R. Almeida
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey B. Doty
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Adriano P. Paglia
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Danilo B. Oliveira
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, MGC 367 Km 583, 5000, Diamantina 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Yoshinori J. Nakazawa
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
- Correspondence: (I.J.S.D.); (Y.J.N.); (G.d.S.T.); Tel.: +55-(31)-3409-2755 (G.d.S.T.)
| | - Giliane de S. Trindade
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
- Correspondence: (I.J.S.D.); (Y.J.N.); (G.d.S.T.); Tel.: +55-(31)-3409-2755 (G.d.S.T.)
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José da Silva Domingos I, Silva de Oliveira J, Lorene Soares Rocha K, Bretas de Oliveira D, Geessien Kroon E, Barbosa Costa G, de Souza Trindade G. Twenty Years after Bovine Vaccinia in Brazil: Where We Are and Where Are We Going? Pathogens 2021; 10:406. [PMID: 33807254 PMCID: PMC8065508 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopoxvirus (OPV) infections have been present in human life for hundreds of years. It is known that Variola virus (VARV) killed over 300 million people in the past; however, it had an end thanks to the physician Edward Jenner (who developed the first vaccine in history) and also thanks to a massive vaccination program in the 20th century all over the world. Although the first vaccine was created using the Cowpox virus (CPXV), it turned out later that the Vaccinia virus was the one used during the vaccination program. VACV is the etiological agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), a zoonotic disease that has emerged in Brazil and South America in the last 20 years. BV has a great impact on local dairy economies and is also a burden to public health. In this review, we described the main events related to VACV and BV emergence in Brazil and South America, the increase of related scientific studies, and the issues that science, human and animal medicine are going to face if we do not be on guard to this virus and its disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iago José da Silva Domingos
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; (I.J.d.S.D.); (J.S.d.O.); (E.G.K.)
| | - Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; (I.J.d.S.D.); (J.S.d.O.); (E.G.K.)
| | - Kamila Lorene Soares Rocha
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil; (K.L.S.R.); (D.B.d.O.)
| | - Danilo Bretas de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, MG 39100-000, Brazil; (K.L.S.R.); (D.B.d.O.)
| | - Erna Geessien Kroon
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; (I.J.d.S.D.); (J.S.d.O.); (E.G.K.)
| | - Galileu Barbosa Costa
- Departamento de Análise em Saúde e Vigilância de Doenças Não-Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF 70719-040, Brazil
| | - Giliane de Souza Trindade
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil; (I.J.d.S.D.); (J.S.d.O.); (E.G.K.)
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