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Nyangiri OA, Mulindwa J, Namulondo J, Kitibwa A, Nassuuna J, Elliott A, Kimuda MP, Boobo A, Nerima B, Adriko M, Dunton NJ, Madhan GK, Kristiansen M, Casacuberta-Partal M, Noyes H, Matovu E. Variants of IL6, IL10, FCN2, RNASE3, IL12B and IL17B loci are associated with Schistosoma mansoni worm burden in the Albert Nile region of Uganda. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011796. [PMID: 38033168 PMCID: PMC10715658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals genetically susceptible to high schistosomiasis worm burden may contribute disproportionately to transmission and could be prioritized for control. Identifying genes involved may guide development of therapy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A cohort of 606 children aged 10-15 years were recruited in the Albert Nile region of Uganda and assessed for Schistosoma mansoni worm burden using the Up-Converting Particle Lateral Flow (UCP-LF) test detecting circulating anodic antigen (CAA), point-of-care Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) and Kato-Katz tests. Whole genome genotyping was conducted on 326 children comprising the top and bottom 25% of worm burden. Linear models were fitted to identify variants associated with worm burden in preselected candidate genes. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analysis was conducted for candidate genes with UCP-LF worm burden included as a covariate. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism loci associated with UCP-LF CAA included IL6 rs2066992 (OR = 0.43, p = 0.0006) and rs7793163 (OR = 2.0, p = 0.0007); IL21 SNP kgp513476 (OR 1.79, p = 0.0025) and IL17B SNP kgp708159 (OR = 0.35, p = 0.0028). A haplotype in the IL10 locus was associated with lower worm burden (OR = 0.53, p = 0.015) and overlapped SNPs rs1800896, rs1800871 and rs1800872. Significant haplotypes (p<0.05, overlapping significant SNP) associated with worm burden were observed in IL6 and the Th17 pathway IL12B and IL17B genes. There were significant eQTL in the IL6, IL5, IL21, IL25 and IFNG regions. CONCLUSIONS Variants associated with S. mansoni worm burden were in IL6, FCN2, RNASE3, IL10, IL12B and IL17B gene loci. However only eQTL associations remained significant after Bonferroni correction. In summary, immune balance, pathogen recognition and Th17 pathways may play a role in modulating Schistosoma worm burden. Individuals carrying risk variants may be targeted first in allocation of control efforts to reduce the burden of schistosomiasis in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Asanya Nyangiri
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Julius Mulindwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Sports Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joyce Namulondo
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Anna Kitibwa
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jacent Nassuuna
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alison Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Magambo Phillip Kimuda
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alex Boobo
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Barbara Nerima
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moses Adriko
- Vector Borne & NTD Control Division, Ministry of Health, Uganda
| | - Nathan J. Dunton
- UCL Genomics core facility, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Kristiansen
- UCL Genomics core facility, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Harry Noyes
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Enock Matovu
- Department of Biotechnical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Association between polymorphisms of IL4, IL13, IL10, STAT6 and IFNG genes, cytokines and immunoglobulin E levels with high burden of Schistosoma mansoni in children from schistosomiasis endemic areas of Cameroon. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 111:105416. [PMID: 36889485 PMCID: PMC10167540 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2030 requires a better understanding of the disease transmission, especially the asymmetric distribution of worm burden in individuals living and sharing the same environment. It is in this light that this study was designed to identify human genetic determinants associated with high burden of S. mansoni and also with the plasma concentrations of IgE and four cytokines in children from two schistosomiasis endemic areas of Cameroon. In school-aged children of schistosomiasis endemic areas of Makenene and Nom-Kandi of Cameroon, S. mansoni infections and their infection intensities were evaluated in urine and stool samples using respectively the Point-of-care Circulating Cathodic Antigen test (POC-CCA) and the Kato Katz (KK) test. Thereafter, blood samples were collected in children harbouring high burden of schistosome infections as well as in their parents and siblings. DNA extracts and plasma were obtained from blood. Polymorphisms at 14 loci of five genes were assessed using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and amplification-refractory mutation system. The ELISA test enabled to determine the plasma concentrations of IgE, IL-13, IL-10, IL-4 and IFN-γ. The prevalence of S. mansoni infections was significantly higher (P < 0.0001 for POC-CCA; P = 0.001 for KK) in Makenene (48.6% for POC-CCA and 7.9% for KK) compared to Nom-Kandi (31% for POC-CCA and 4.3% for KK). The infection intensities were also higher (P < 0.0001 for POC-CCA; P = 0.001 for KK) in children from Makenene than those from Nom-Kandi. The allele C of SNP rs3024974 of STAT6 was associated with an increased risk of bearing high burden of S. mansoni both in the additive (p = 0.009) and recessive model (p = 0.01) while the allele C of SNP rs1800871 of IL10 was protective (p = 0.0009) against high burden of S. mansoni. The alleles A of SNP rs2069739 of IL13 and G of SNP rs2243283 of IL4 were associated with an increased risk of having low plasma concentrations of IL-13 (P = 0.04) and IL-10 (P = 0.04), respectively. This study showed that host genetic polymorphisms may influence the outcome (high or low worm burden) of S. mansoni infections and also the plasma concentrations of some cytokines.
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Marume A, Chimponda T, Vengesai A, Mushayi C, Mann J, Mduluza T. Effects of TNF-α and IL-10-819 T>C single nucleotide polymorphisms on urogenital schistosomiasis in preschool children in Zimbabwe. Afr J Lab Med 2021; 10:1138. [PMID: 34007813 PMCID: PMC8111665 DOI: 10.4102/ajlm.v10i1.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge gaps exist between host genetic factors and susceptibility to schistosomiasis. Objective This study determined cytokine levels and single nucleotide polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (rs1800629) and interleukin (IL)-10 (rs1800871) and their possible impact on susceptibility to schistosomiasis in preschool-age children in the Madziva area of Shamva district, Mashonaland Central province, Zimbabwe. Methods Urogenital schistosomiasis was diagnosed using the urine filtration method, while a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for cytokine level determination. The survey was done in August 2015 and reinfection levels post treatment were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months. Amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction with visualisation on 2% agarose gel electrophoresis was used for genotyping. Results Schistosomiasis prevalence was found to be 10.5% (59/563). Reinfections were detected in only six children at 3 months and only one was reinfected at 12 months. There were no significant differences in TNF-α-308 G/A allele or genotype frequencies between the Schistosoma haematobium infected participants (p = 0.360) and uninfected participants (p = 0.279). However, no children with the IL-10-819 TT genotype had schistosomiasis. The TNF-α GG genotype corresponded with significantly lower TNF-α levels when compared with the GA or AA genotypes (p < 0.001), and TNF-α levels were significantly lower in infected children compared to uninfected children (p < 0.001). Conclusion Higher TNF-α levels and lower IL-10 levels are potentially protective against schistosomiasis infection. The IL-10-819 TT genotype is potentially protective against infection through its association with lower IL-10 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amos Marume
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Paraclinical Department, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Theresa Chimponda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Arthur Vengesai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Caroline Mushayi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Jaclyn Mann
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Takafira Mduluza
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Mewamba EM, Nyangiri OA, Noyes HA, Egesa M, Matovu E, Simo G. The Genetics of Human Schistosomiasis Infection Intensity and Liver Disease: A Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613468. [PMID: 33659002 PMCID: PMC7917240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains the fourth most prevalent parasitic disease affecting over 200 million people worldwide. Control efforts have focussed on the disruption of the life cycle targeting the parasite, vector and human host. Parasite burdens are highly skewed, and the majority of eggs are shed into the environment by a minority of the infected population. Most morbidity results from hepatic fibrosis leading to portal hypertension and is not well-correlated with worm burden. Genetics as well as environmental factors may play a role in these skewed distributions and understanding the genetic risk factors for intensity of infection and morbidity may help improve control measures. In this review, we focus on how genetic factors may influence parasite load, hepatic fibrosis and portal hypertension. We found 28 studies on the genetics of human infection and 20 studies on the genetics of pathology in humans. S. mansoni and S. haematobium infection intensity have been showed to be controlled by a major quantitative trait locus SM1, on chromosome 5q31-q33 containing several genes involved in the Th2 immune response, and three other loci of smaller effect on chromosomes 1, 6, and 7. The most common pathology associated with schistosomiasis is hepatic and portal vein fibroses and the SM2 quantitative trait locus on chromosome six has been linked to intensity of fibrosis. Although there has been an emphasis on Th2 cytokines in candidate gene studies, we found that four of the five QTL regions contain Th17 pathway genes that have been included in schistosomiasis studies: IL17B and IL12B in SM1, IL17A and IL17F in 6p21-q2, IL6R in 1p21-q23 and IL22RA2 in SM2. The Th17 pathway is known to be involved in response to schistosome infection and hepatic fibrosis but variants in this pathway have not been tested for any effect on the regulation of these phenotypes. These should be priorities for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle M. Mewamba
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Oscar A. Nyangiri
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harry A. Noyes
- Centre for Genomic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Moses Egesa
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Enock Matovu
- College of Veterinary Medicine Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gustave Simo
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Nyangiri OA, Edwige SA, Koffi M, Mewamba E, Simo G, Namulondo J, Mulindwa J, Nassuuna J, Elliott A, Karume K, Mumba D, Corstjens P, Casacuberta-Partal M, van Dam G, Bucheton B, Noyes H, Matovu E. Candidate gene family-based and case-control studies of susceptibility to high Schistosoma mansoni worm burden in African children: a protocol. AAS Open Res 2021; 4:36. [PMID: 35252746 PMCID: PMC8861467 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13203.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Approximately 25% of the risk of Schistosoma mansoni is associated with host genetic variation. We will test 24 candidate genes, mainly in the T h2 and T h17 pathways, for association with S. mansoni infection intensity in four African countries, using family based and case-control approaches. Methods: Children aged 5-15 years will be recruited in S. mansoni endemic areas of Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We will use family based (study 1) and case-control (study 2) designs. Study 1 will take place in Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Uganda and the DRC. We aim to recruit 100 high worm burden families from each country except Uganda, where a previous study recruited at least 40 families. For phenotyping, cases will be defined as the 20% of children in each community with heaviest worm burdens as measured by the circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) assay. Study 2 will take place in Uganda. We will recruit 500 children in a highly endemic community. For phenotyping, cases will be defined as the 20% of children with heaviest worm burdens as measured by the CAA assay, while controls will be the 20% of infected children with the lightest worm burdens. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) will be genotyped on the Illumina H3Africa SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) chip and genotypes will be converted to sets of haplotypes that span the gene region for analysis. We have selected 24 genes for genotyping that are mainly in the Th2 and Th17 pathways and that have variants that have been demonstrated to be or could be associated with Schistosoma infection intensity. Analysis: In the family-based design, we will identify SNP haplotypes disproportionately transmitted to children with high worm burden. Case-control analysis will detect overrepresentation of haplotypes in extreme phenotypes with correction for relatedness by using whole genome principal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Nyangiri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sokouri A. Edwige
- Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJLoG) de Daloa, Daloa, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Mathurin Koffi
- Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJLoG) de Daloa, Daloa, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Estelle Mewamba
- Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gustave Simo
- Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Joyce Namulondo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Julius Mulindwa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jacent Nassuuna
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alison Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E, UK
| | - Kévin Karume
- Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Dieudonne Mumba
- Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - P.L.A.M Corstjens
- Dept. of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - G.J. van Dam
- Dept. of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Bucheton
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IRD-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Harry Noyes
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Enock Matovu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Nyangiri OA, Edwige SA, Koffi M, Mewamba E, Simo G, Namulondo J, Mulindwa J, Nassuuna J, Elliott A, Karume K, Mumba D, Corstjens P, Casacuberta-Partal M, van Dam G, Bucheton B, Noyes H, Matovu E. Candidate gene family-based and case-control studies of susceptibility to high Schistosoma mansoni worm burden in African children: a protocol. AAS Open Res 2021; 4:36. [PMID: 35252746 PMCID: PMC8861467 DOI: 10.12688/aasopenres.13203.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Approximately 25% of the risk of Schistosoma mansoni is associated with host genetic variation. We will test 24 candidate genes, mainly in the T h2 and T h17 pathways, for association with S. mansoni infection intensity in four African countries, using family based and case-control approaches. Methods: Children aged 5-15 years will be recruited in S. mansoni endemic areas of Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We will use family based (study 1) and case-control (study 2) designs. Study 1 will take place in Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Uganda and the DRC. We aim to recruit 100 high worm burden families from each country except Uganda, where a previous study recruited at least 40 families. For phenotyping, cases will be defined as the 20% of children in each community with heaviest worm burdens as measured by the circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) assay. Study 2 will take place in Uganda. We will recruit 500 children in a highly endemic community. For phenotyping, cases will be defined as the 20% of children with heaviest worm burdens as measured by the CAA assay, while controls will be the 20% of infected children with the lightest worm burdens. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) will be genotyped on the Illumina H3Africa SNP (single nucleotide polymorphisms) chip and genotypes will be converted to sets of haplotypes that span the gene region for analysis. We have selected 24 genes for genotyping that are mainly in the Th2 and Th17 pathways and that have variants that have been demonstrated to be or could be associated with Schistosoma infection intensity. Analysis: In the family-based design, we will identify SNP haplotypes disproportionately transmitted to children with high worm burden. Case-control analysis will detect overrepresentation of haplotypes in extreme phenotypes with correction for relatedness by using whole genome principal components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Nyangiri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sokouri A. Edwige
- Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJLoG) de Daloa, Daloa, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Mathurin Koffi
- Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé (UJLoG) de Daloa, Daloa, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Estelle Mewamba
- Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Gustave Simo
- Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Joyce Namulondo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Julius Mulindwa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jacent Nassuuna
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Alison Elliott
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E, UK
| | - Kévin Karume
- Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Dieudonne Mumba
- Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - P.L.A.M Corstjens
- Dept. of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - G.J. van Dam
- Dept. of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Bucheton
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), IRD-CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Harry Noyes
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Enock Matovu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Gao W, Sun X, Li D, Sun L, He Y, Wei H, Jin F, Cao Y. Toll-like receptor 4, Toll-like receptor 7 and Toll-like receptor 9 agonists enhance immune responses against blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi infection in BALB/c mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107096. [PMID: 33091818 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptor (TLR) signals play vital roles during the blood-stage of malaria infections. However, the roles of TLR agonists in the regulation of immune responses and the development of protective immunity to malaria remain poorly understood. METHOD BALB/c mice were pre-treated with TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 agonists, followed by infection with Plasmodium chabaudi. After infection, splenic dendritic cells (DCs), Th1 cells and programmed death-1 (PD-1) expressed on Th1 cells, as well as regulatory T cells (Tregs) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-10 in splenocytes and IgG1 and IgG2a in serum were measured by ELISA. RESULT Administration of TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 agonists prior to infection improved disease outcomes. All TLR agonists promoted DC activation, and the proportions of Th1 cells increased. In TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 agonist treated groups the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α were elevated, and IgG1 and IgG2a serum levels were also significantly increased. TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 agonists diminished the activation of Tregs and down-regulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines TGF-β and IL-10. Finally, PD-1 expressed on Th1 cells were decreased in TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 agonist treated groups compared with control groups. CONCLUSION TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9 agonists activated DC-mediated innate immune responses and adaptive immune response, which against the blood-stage of Plasmodium and might be applied to malaria protection and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Gao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China; Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xiaodan Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Danni Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang He
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Huanping Wei
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yaming Cao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medicine College of China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning, China.
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Schistosoma haematobium and Plasmodium falciparum co-infection in Nigeria 2001–2018: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Adedokun SA, Seamans BN, Cox NT, Liou G, Akindele AA, Li Y, Ojurongbe O, Thomas BN. Interleukin-4 and STAT6 promoter polymorphisms but not interleukin-10 or 13 are essential for schistosomiasis and associated disease burden among Nigerian children. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:28-34. [PMID: 30010060 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is endemic in many parts of rural Africa, with previous reports showing interleukin-13 polymorphisms as drivers of infectivity and disease severity in West Africa while IL-13/IL-4 polymorphisms contributes to patterns of reinfection in East Africa. We have shown that there is a genetic delineation in susceptibility to and severity of infectious diseases in Africa, in addition to sub-continental differences in disease pattern. Therefore, which immunoregulatory biomarkers are essential in driving S. haematobium infection or regulate disease burden among Nigerian school children? One hundred and thirty one age and sex-matched schistosome-infected children and 275 uninfected controls, of same ethnicity, recruited from southwestern Nigeria, were screened for variability of cytokine genes, IL-10 (rs1800872), IL-13 (rs7719175), IL-4 (rs2243250) and STAT6 (rs3024974), utilizing a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We found no difference in genotypic or allelic frequencies of IL-10 and IL-13 promoter polymorphisms alone or in association with disease. Contrariwise, we report significant differences in the frequencies of IL-4 and STAT6 variants between groups. For IL-4, the rs2243250 T/T variant was significantly different for genotypes (71.6% versus 51.2%; p < .0004) and alleles (82.6% versus 71.1%; p < .001) between disease and control groups respectively. For STAT6 (rs3024974), the frequencies of genotypes C/C and C/T are 75.4% and 24.6%, both showing an association with disease; none of the infected subjects had the T/T variant. Despite minor differences in disease covariates, we found no association between IL-4 and STAT6 variants with age, gender or anemia. However, mean egg count (indicative of disease burden), was regulated based on IL-4 variants, with highest burden in infected subjects with rs2243250 T/T variant (mean egg count: 207.5 eggs/10 ml of urine) versus rs2243250 C/T heterozygotes (mean egg count: 84.3 eggs/10 ml of urine) versus rs2243250 C/C (mean egg count: 127.9 eggs/10 ml of urine). Comparing rs2243250 C/T versus rs2243250 T/T (p < .008) or rs2243250 C/C + C/T versus rs2243250 T/T (p < .016) reveals an association with disease burden. We conclude that the IL-4 promoter gene is a susceptibility factor for schistosomiasis, and essential to regulate disease burden, with worse disease among carriers of the rs2243250 T/T variant. The absence of the STAT6, rs3024974T/T variant among infected subjects reveal the necessity of the STAT6 promoter gene in driving susceptibility to schistosomiasis in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Adedokun
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
| | - Brooke N Seamans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Natalya T Cox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Gialeigh Liou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.
| | - Akeem A Akindele
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
| | - Yi Li
- School of Statistics, Shanxi University of Finance & Economics, Shanxi, China.
| | - Olusola Ojurongbe
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria.
| | - Bolaji N Thomas
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States.
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