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von Steimker J, Tripodi P, Wendenburg R, Tringovska I, Nankar AN, Stoeva V, Pasev G, Klemmer A, Todorova V, Bulut M, Tikunov Y, Bovy A, Gechev T, Kostova D, Fernie AR, Alseekh S. The genetic architecture of the pepper metabolome and the biosynthesis of its signature capsianoside metabolites. Curr Biol 2024:S0960-9822(24)01069-8. [PMID: 39197460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Capsicum (pepper) is among the most economically important species worldwide, and its fruits accumulate specialized metabolites with essential roles in plant environmental interaction and human health benefits as well as in conferring their unique taste. However, the genetics underlying differences in metabolite presence/absence and/or accumulation remain largely unknown. In this study, we carried out a genome-wide association study as well as generating and characterizing a novel backcross inbred line mapping population to determine the genetic architecture of the pepper metabolome. This genetic analysis provided over 1,000 metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTL) for over 250 annotated metabolites. We identified 92 candidate genes involved in various mQTLs. Among the identified loci, we described and validated a gene cluster of eleven UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in monomeric capsianoside biosynthesis. We additionally constructed the gene-by-gene-based biosynthetic pathway of pepper capsianoside biosynthesis, including both core and decorative reactions. Given that one of these decorative pathways, namely the glycosylation of acyclic diterpenoid glycosides, contributes to plant resistance, these data provide new insights and breeding resources for pepper. They additionally provide a blueprint for the better understanding of the biosynthesis of species-specific natural compounds in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia von Steimker
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Pasquale Tripodi
- Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 84098 Pontecagnano Faiano, Italy
| | - Regina Wendenburg
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Ivanka Tringovska
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy, 32 Brezovsko shosse str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Amol N Nankar
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 14 Knyaz Boris I Pokrastitel, Plovdiv 4023, Bulgaria; Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, 2360 Rainwater Road, Tifton, GA 31793-5766, USA
| | - Veneta Stoeva
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy, 32 Brezovsko shosse str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Gancho Pasev
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy, 32 Brezovsko shosse str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Annabella Klemmer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Velichka Todorova
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy, 32 Brezovsko shosse str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Mustafa Bulut
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Yury Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tsanko Gechev
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 14 Knyaz Boris I Pokrastitel, Plovdiv 4023, Bulgaria; Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Plovdiv University, 24 Tsar Assen str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitrina Kostova
- Maritsa Vegetable Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Academy, 32 Brezovsko shosse str., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 14 Knyaz Boris I Pokrastitel, Plovdiv 4023, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 14 Knyaz Boris I Pokrastitel, Plovdiv 4023, Bulgaria.
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 14 Knyaz Boris I Pokrastitel, Plovdiv 4023, Bulgaria.
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2
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Naake T, Zhu F, Alseekh S, Scossa F, Perez de Souza L, Borghi M, Brotman Y, Mori T, Nakabayashi R, Tohge T, Fernie AR. Genome-wide association studies identify loci controlling specialized seed metabolites in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1705-1721. [PMID: 37758174 PMCID: PMC10904349 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize specialized metabolites to facilitate environmental and ecological interactions. During evolution, plants diversified in their potential to synthesize these metabolites. Quantitative differences in metabolite levels of natural Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions can be employed to unravel the genetic basis for metabolic traits using genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Here, we performed metabolic GWAS on seeds of a panel of 315 A. thaliana natural accessions, including the reference genotypes C24 and Col-0, for polar and semi-polar seed metabolites using untargeted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. As a complementary approach, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of near-isogenic introgression lines between C24 and Col-0 for specific seed specialized metabolites. Besides common QTL between seeds and leaves, GWAS revealed seed-specific QTL for specialized metabolites, indicating differences in the genetic architecture of seeds and leaves. In seeds, aliphatic methylsulfinylalkyl and methylthioalkyl glucosinolates associated with the ALKENYL HYDROXYALKYL PRODUCING loci (GS-ALK and GS-OHP) on chromosome 4 containing alkenyl hydroxyalkyl producing 2 (AOP2) and 3 (AOP3) or with the GS-ELONG locus on chromosome 5 containing methylthioalkyl malate synthase (MAM1) and MAM3. We detected two unknown sulfur-containing compounds that were also mapped to these loci. In GWAS, some of the annotated flavonoids (kaempferol 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside-7-O-rhamnoside) were mapped to transparent testa 7 (AT5G07990), encoding a cytochrome P450 75B1 monooxygenase. Three additional mass signals corresponding to quercetin-containing flavonols were mapped to UGT78D2 (AT5G17050). The association of the loci and associating metabolic features were functionally verified in knockdown mutant lines. By performing GWAS and QTL mapping, we were able to leverage variation of natural populations and parental lines to study seed specialized metabolism. The GWAS data set generated here is a high-quality resource that can be investigated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Naake
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Feng Zhu
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Federico Scossa
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Perez de Souza
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Monica Borghi
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84321-5305, USA
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Tetsuya Mori
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakabayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Central Metabolism, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Moreels P, Bigot S, Defalque C, Correa F, Martinez JP, Lutts S, Quinet M. Intra- and inter-specific reproductive barriers in the tomato clade. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1326689. [PMID: 38143584 PMCID: PMC10739309 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1326689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) domestication and later introduction into Europe resulted in a genetic bottleneck that reduced genetic variation. Crosses with other wild tomato species from the Lycopersicon clade can be used to increase genetic diversity and improve important agronomic traits such as stress tolerance. However, many species in the Lycopersicon clade have intraspecific and interspecific incompatibility, such as gametophytic self-incompatibility and unilateral incompatibility. In this review, we provide an overview of the known incompatibility barriers in Lycopersicon. We begin by addressing the general mechanisms self-incompatibility, as well as more specific mechanisms in the Rosaceae, Papaveraceae, and Solanaceae. Incompatibility in the Lycopersicon clade is discussed, including loss of self-incompatibility, species exhibiting only self-incompatibility and species presenting both self-compatibility and self-incompatibility. We summarize unilateral incompatibility in general and specifically in Lycopersicon, with details on the 'self-compatible x self-incompatible' rule, implications of self-incompatibility in unilateral incompatibility and self-incompatibility-independent pathways of unilateral incompatibility. Finally, we discuss advances in the understanding of compatibility barriers and their implications for tomato breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Moreels
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Servane Bigot
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Corentin Defalque
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Francisco Correa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA-Rayentué), Rengo, Chile
| | | | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Muriel Quinet
- Groupe de Recherche en Physiologie végétale, Earth and Life Institute-Agronomy, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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4
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Alseekh S, Karakas E, Zhu F, Wijesingha Ahchige M, Fernie AR. Plant biochemical genetics in the multiomics era. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4293-4307. [PMID: 37170864 PMCID: PMC10433942 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of plant biology has been revolutionized by modern genetics and biochemistry. However, biochemical genetics can be traced back to the foundation of Mendelian genetics; indeed, one of Mendel's milestone discoveries of seven characteristics of pea plants later came to be ascribed to a mutation in a starch branching enzyme. Here, we review both current and historical strategies for the elucidation of plant metabolic pathways and the genes that encode their component enzymes and regulators. We use this historical review to discuss a range of classical genetic phenomena including epistasis, canalization, and heterosis as viewed through the lens of contemporary high-throughput data obtained via the array of approaches currently adopted in multiomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Esra Karakas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | | | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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5
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Vallarino JG, Jun H, Wang S, Wang X, Sade N, Orf I, Zhang D, Shi J, Shen S, Cuadros-Inostroza Á, Xu Q, Luo J, Fernie AR, Brotman Y. Limitations and advantages of using metabolite-based genome-wide association studies: focus on fruit quality traits. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 333:111748. [PMID: 37230189 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the last decades, linkage mapping has help in the location of metabolite quantitative trait loci (QTL) in many species; however, this approach shows some limitations. Recently, thanks to the most recent advanced in high-throughput genotyping technologies like next-generation sequencing, metabolite genome-wide association study (mGWAS) has been proposed a powerful tool to identify the genetic variants in polygenic agrinomic traits. Fruit flavor is a complex interaction of aroma volatiles and taste being sugar and acid ratio key parameter for flavor acceptance. Here, we review recent progress of mGWAS in pinpoint gene polymorphisms related to flavor-related metabolites in fruits. Despite clear successes in discovering novel genes or regions associated with metabolite accumulation affecting sensory attributes in fruits, GWAS incurs in several limitations summarized in this review. In addition, in our own work, we performed mGWAS on 194 Citrus grandis accessions to investigate the genetic control of individual primary and lipid metabolites in ripe fruit. We have identified a total of 667 associations for 14 primary metabolites including amino acids, sugars, and organic acids, and 768 associations corresponding to 47 lipids. Furthermore, candidate genes related to important metabolites related to fruit quality such as sugars, organic acids and lipids were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- José G Vallarino
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Hong Jun
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | | | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nir Sade
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, P.O.B. 39040, 55 Haim Levanon St., Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
| | - Isabel Orf
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Science, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangqian Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Luo
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, China; National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 1 Am Mühlenberg, Golm, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Department of Plant Metabolomics, Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 139 Ruski Blvd., Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria.
| | - Yariv Brotman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel.
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Bulut M, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Natural variation of respiration-related traits in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2120-2132. [PMID: 36546766 PMCID: PMC10069898 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration is one of the greatest global metabolic fluxes, but rates of respiration vary massively both within different cell types as well as between different individuals and different species. Whilst this is well known, few studies have detailed population-level variation of respiration until recently. The last 20 years have seen a renaissance in studies of natural variance. In this review, we describe how experimental breeding populations and collections of large populations of accessions can be used to determine the genetic architecture of plant traits. We further detail how these approaches have been used to study the rate of respiration per se as well as traits that are intimately associated with respiration. The review highlights specific breakthroughs in these areas but also concludes that the approach should be more widely adopted in the study of respiration per se as opposed to the more frequently studied respiration-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Bulut
- Department of Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Department of Root Biology and Symbiosis, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
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Leibman-Markus M, Gupta R, Pizarro L, Bar M. The LeEIX Locus Determines Pathogen Resistance in Tomato. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:277-285. [PMID: 36044638 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-22-0035-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the ability of plants to differentiate between pathogens and commensals in their environment are currently unresolved. It has been suggested that spatiotemporal regulation of pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) content could be one of the components providing plants with the ability to distinguish between pathogens and nonpathogenic microbes. The LeEIX PRRs recognize xylanases derived from beneficial or commensal plant colonizers of Trichoderma species, including the xylanase known as EIX. Here, we investigated possible general roles of PRRs from the LeEIX locus in immunity and pathogen resistance in tomato. Mutating the inhibitory PRR LeEIX1, or overexpressing the activating PRR LeEIX2, resulted in resistance to a wide range of pathogens and increased basal and elicited immunity. LeEIX1 knockout caused increases in the expression level of several tested PRRs, including FLS2, as well as bacterial pathogen resistance coupled with an increase in flg22-mediated immunity. The wild tomato relative Solanum pennellii contains inactive LeEIX PRR variants. S. pennellii does not respond to elicitation with the LeEIX PRR ligand EIX. Given that EIX is derived from a mostly nonpathogenic microbe, the connection of its PRRs to disease resistance has not previously been investigated directly. Here, we observed that compared with S. lycopersicum cultivar M82, S. pennellii was more sensitive to several fungal and bacterial pathogens. Our results suggest that the LeEIX locus might determine resistance to fungal necrotrophs, whereas the resistance to biotrophs is effected in combination with a gene/quantitative trait locus not within the LeEIX locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Lorena Pizarro
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Tripodi P, D’Alessandro A, Francese G. An integrated genomic and biochemical approach to investigate the potentiality of heirloom tomatoes: Breeding resources for food quality and sustainable agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1031776. [PMID: 36684727 PMCID: PMC9846345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A revival of interest in traditional varieties reflects the change in consumer preferences and the greater awareness of the quality of locally grown products. As ancient cultivars, heirlooms have been selected for decades in specific habitats and represent nowadays potential germplasm sources to consider for breeding high-quality products and cultivation in sustainable agriculture. In this study, 60 heirloom tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) accessions, including diverse varietal types (beefsteak, globe, oxheart, plum, and cherry), were profiled over two seasons for the main chemical and biochemical fruit traits. A medium-high level of heritability was found for all traits ranging from 0.52 for soluble solids to 0.99 for fruit weight. The average content of ascorbic acid was ~31 mg 100 g-1 of fw in both seasons, while the greatest variability was found for carotenoids with peaks of 245.65 μg g-1 of fw for total lycopene and 32.29 μg g-1 of fw for β-carotene. Dissection of genotypic (G) and seasonal (Y) factors highlighted genotype as the main source of variation for all traits. No significant effect of Y and G × Y was found for ascorbic acid and fruit weight, respectively, whereas a high influence of Y was found on the variation of lycopene. Molecular fingerprinting was performed using the 10K SolCAP array, yielding a total of 7,591 SNPs. Population structure, phylogenetic relationships, and principal components analysis highlighted a differentiation of plum and cherry genotypes with respect to the beefsteak and globe types. These results were confirmed by multivariate analysis of phenotypic traits, shedding light on how breeding and selection focused on fruit characteristics have influenced the genetic and phenotypic makeup of heirlooms. Marker-trait association showed 11 significantly associated loci for β-carotene and fruit weight. For β-carotene, a single variant on chromosome 8 was found at 12 kb to CCD8, a cleavage dioxygenase playing a key role in the biosynthesis of apocarotenoids. For fruit weight, a single association was located at less than 3 Mbp from SLSUN31 and fw11.3, two candidates involved in the increasing of fruit mass. These results highlight the potentiality of heirlooms for genetic improvement and candidate gene identification.
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9
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Powell AF, Feder A, Li J, Schmidt MHW, Courtney L, Alseekh S, Jobson EM, Vogel A, Xu Y, Lyon D, Dumschott K, McHale M, Sulpice R, Bao K, Lal R, Duhan A, Hallab A, Denton AK, Bolger ME, Fernie AR, Hind SR, Mueller LA, Martin GB, Fei Z, Martin C, Giovannoni JJ, Strickler SR, Usadel B. A Solanum lycopersicoides reference genome facilitates insights into tomato specialized metabolism and immunity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:1791-1810. [PMID: 35411592 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wild relatives of tomato are a valuable source of natural variation in tomato breeding, as many can be hybridized to the cultivated species (Solanum lycopersicum). Several, including Solanum lycopersicoides, have been crossed to S. lycopersicum for the development of ordered introgression lines (ILs), facilitating breeding for desirable traits. Despite the utility of these wild relatives and their associated ILs, few finished genome sequences have been produced to aid genetic and genomic studies. Here we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for S. lycopersicoides LA2951, which contains 37 938 predicted protein-coding genes. With the aid of this genome assembly, we have precisely delimited the boundaries of the S. lycopersicoides introgressions in a set of S. lycopersicum cv. VF36 × LA2951 ILs. We demonstrate the usefulness of the LA2951 genome by identifying several quantitative trait loci for phenolics and carotenoids, including underlying candidate genes, and by investigating the genome organization and immunity-associated function of the clustered Pto gene family. In addition, syntenic analysis of R2R3MYB genes sheds light on the identity of the Aubergine locus underlying anthocyanin production. The genome sequence and IL map provide valuable resources for studying fruit nutrient/quality traits, pathogen resistance, and environmental stress tolerance. We present a new genome resource for the wild species S. lycopersicoides, which we use to shed light on the Aubergine locus responsible for anthocyanin production. We also provide IL boundary mappings, which facilitated identifying novel carotenoid quantitative trait loci of which one was likely driven by an uncharacterized lycopene β-cyclase whose function we demonstrate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ari Feder
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Maximilian H-W Schmidt
- Institute for Biology I, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52474, Aachen, Germany
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lance Courtney
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Emma M Jobson
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Alexander Vogel
- Institute for Biology I, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52474, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yimin Xu
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - David Lyon
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kathryn Dumschott
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marcus McHale
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ronan Sulpice
- Plant Systems Biology Lab, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kan Bao
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Rohit Lal
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Asha Duhan
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Asis Hallab
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alisandra K Denton
- Institute for Biology I, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52474, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marie E Bolger
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Sarah R Hind
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Gregory B Martin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA, and
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Cathie Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolism, The John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - James J Giovannoni
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | | | - Björn Usadel
- Institute for Biology I, BioSC, RWTH Aachen University, 52474, Aachen, Germany
- IBG-4 Bioinformatics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428, Jülich, Germany
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10
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Zhu F, Wen W, Cheng Y, Fernie AR. The metabolic changes that effect fruit quality during tomato fruit ripening. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:2. [PMID: 37789428 PMCID: PMC10515270 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
As the most valuable organ of tomato plants, fruit has attracted considerable attention which most focus on its quality formation during the ripening process. A considerable amount of research has reported that fruit quality is affected by metabolic shifts which are under the coordinated regulation of both structural genes and transcriptional regulators. In recent years, with the development of the next generation sequencing, molecular and genetic analysis methods, lots of genes which are involved in the chlorophyll, carotenoid, cell wall, central and secondary metabolism have been identified and confirmed to regulate pigment contents, fruit softening and other aspects of fruit flavor quality. Here, both research concerning the dissection of fruit quality related metabolic changes, the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of these metabolic pathways are reviewed. Furthermore, a weighted gene correlation network analysis of representative genes of fruit quality has been carried out and the potential of the combined application of the gene correlation network analysis, fine-mapping strategies and next generation sequencing to identify novel candidate genes determinants of fruit quality is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wen
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany.
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11
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Genome-wide association studies: assessing trait characteristics in model and crop plants. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5743-5754. [PMID: 34196733 PMCID: PMC8316211 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
GWAS involves testing genetic variants across the genomes of many individuals of a population to identify genotype–phenotype association. It was initially developed and has proven highly successful in human disease genetics. In plants genome-wide association studies (GWAS) initially focused on single feature polymorphism and recombination and linkage disequilibrium but has now been embraced by a plethora of different disciplines with several thousand studies being published in model and crop species within the last decade or so. Here we will provide a comprehensive review of these studies providing cases studies on biotic resistance, abiotic tolerance, yield associated traits, and metabolic composition. We also detail current strategies of candidate gene validation as well as the functional study of haplotypes. Furthermore, we provide a critical evaluation of the GWAS strategy and its alternatives as well as future perspectives that are emerging with the emergence of pan-genomic datasets.
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12
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Scossa F, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. Integrating multi-omics data for crop improvement. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153352. [PMID: 33360148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Our agricultural systems are now in urgent need to secure food for a growing world population. To meet this challenge, we need a better characterization of plant genetic and phenotypic diversity. The combination of genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics enables a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the complex architecture of many phenotypic traits of agricultural relevance. We review the recent advances in plant genomics to see how these can be integrated with broad molecular profiling approaches to improve our understanding of plant phenotypic variation and inform crop breeding strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Scossa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Genomics and Bioinformatics (CREA-GB), 00178, Rome, Italy.
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, 14476, Potsdam, Golm, Germany; Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology (CPSBB), Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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13
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Li M, Cao A, Wang R, Li Z, Li S, Wang J. Genome-wide identification and integrated analysis of lncRNAs in rice backcross introgression lines (BC 2F 12). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:300. [PMID: 32600330 PMCID: PMC7325253 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distant hybridization is an important way to create interspecific genetic variation and breed new varieties in rice. A lot of backcross introgression lines (BILs) had been constructed for the scientific issues in rice. However, studies on the critical regulatory factor lncRNA in cultivated rice, wild rice and their BIL progenies were poorly reported. RESULTS Here, high-throughput RNA sequencing technology was used to explore the functional characteristics and differences of lncRNAs in O. sativa, O. longistaminata and their three BC2F12 progenies. A total of 1254 lncRNAs were screened out, and the number of differentially expressed lncRNAs between progenies and O. sativa were significantly less than that between progenies and O. longistaminata. Some lncRNAs regulated more than one mRNA, and 89.5% of lncRNAs regulated the expression of target genes through cis-acting. A total of 78 lncRNAs and 271 mRNAs were targeted by 280 miRNAs, and 22 lncRNAs were predicted to be the precursor of 20 microRNAs. Some miRNAs were found to target their own potential precursor lncRNAs. Over 50% of lncRNAs showed parental expression level dominance (ELD) in all three progenies, and most lncRNAs showed ELD-O. sativa rather than ELD-O. longistaminata. Further analysis showed that lncRNAs might regulate the expression of plant hormone-related genes and the adaptability of O. sativa, O. longistaminata and their progenies. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the above results provided valuable clues for elucidating the functional features and expression differences of lncRNAs between O. sativa, O. longistaminata and their BIL progenies, and expanded our understanding about the biological functions of lncRNAs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Aqin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Ruihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Zeyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Shaoqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072 China
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14
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Can H, Kal U, Ozyigit II, Paksoy M, Turkmen O. Construction, characteristics and high throughput molecular screening methodologies in some special breeding populations: a horticultural perspective. J Genet 2019; 98:86. [PMID: 31544799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Advanced marker technologies are widely used for evaluation of genetic diversity in cultivated crops, wild ancestors, landraces or any special plant genotypes. Developing agricultural cultivars requires the following steps: (i) determining desired characteristics to be improved, (ii) screening genetic resources to help find a superior cultivar, (iii) intercrossing selected individuals, (iv) generating genetically hybrid populations and screening them for agro-morphological or molecular traits, (v) evaluating the superior cultivar candidates, (vi) testing field performance at different locations, and (vii) certifying. In the cultivar development process valuable genes can be identified by creating special biparental or multiparental populations and analysing their association using suitable markers in given populations. These special populations and advanced marker technologies give us a deeper knowledge about the inherited agronomic characteristics. Unaffected by the changing environmental conditions, these provide a higher understanding of genome dynamics in plants. The last decade witnessed new applications for advanced molecular techniques in the area of breeding,with low costs per sample. These, especially, include next-generation sequencing technologies like reduced representation genome sequencing (genotyping by sequencing, restriction site-associated DNA). These enabled researchers to develop new markers, such as simple sequence repeat and single- nucleotide polymorphism, for expanding the qualitative and quantitative information onpopulation dynamics. Thus, the knowledge acquired from novel technologies is a valuable asset for the breeding process and to better understand the population dynamics, their properties, and analysis methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Can
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops and Horticulture, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek 720038, Kyrgyzstan.
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15
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Can H, Kal U, Ozyigit II, Paksoy M, Turkmen O. Construction, characteristics and high throughput molecular screening methodologies in some special breeding populations: a horticultural perspective. J Genet 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-019-1129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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