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Michael R, Ranjan A, Gautam S, Trivedi PK. HY5 and PIF antagonistically regulate HMGR expression and sterol biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 346:112168. [PMID: 38914157 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites play multiple crucial roles in plants by modulating various regulatory networks. The biosynthesis of these compounds is unique to each species and is intricately controlled by a range of developmental and environmental factors. While light's role in certain secondary metabolites is evident, its impact on sterol biosynthesis remains unclear. Previous studies indicate that ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP transcription factor, is pivotal in skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis transition. Additionally, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs), bHLH transcription factors, act as negative regulators. To unveil the light-dependent regulation of the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway, a precursor for sterol biosynthesis, mutants of light signaling components, specifically hy5-215 and the pifq quadruple mutant (pif 1,3,4, and 5), were analyzed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene expression analysis in wild-type and mutants implicates HY5 and PIFs in regulating sterol biosynthesis genes. DNA-protein interaction analysis confirms their interaction with key genes like AtHMGR2 in the rate-limiting pathway. Results strongly suggest HY5 and PIFs' pivotal role in light-dependent MVA pathway regulation, including the sterol biosynthetic branch, in Arabidopsis, highlighting a diverse array of light signaling components finely tuning crucial growth pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Michael
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avriti Ranjan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Swati Gautam
- CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Trivedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, Ghaziabad 201002, India; Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Picnic Spot Road, Lucknow 226015, India.
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Li Z, Huang Y, Shen Z, Wu M, Huang M, Hong SB, Xu L, Zang Y. Advances in functional studies of plant MYC transcription factors. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:195. [PMID: 39103657 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Myelocytomatosis (MYC) transcription factors (TFs) belong to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family in plants and play a central role in governing a wide range of physiological processes. These processes encompass plant growth, development, adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as secondary metabolism. In recent decades, significant strides have been made in comprehending the multifaceted regulatory functions of MYCs. This advancement has been achieved through the cloning of MYCs and the characterization of plants with MYC deficiencies or overexpression, employing comprehensive genome-wide 'omics' and protein-protein interaction technologies. MYCs act as pivotal components in integrating signals from various phytohormones' transcriptional regulators to orchestrate genome-wide transcriptional reprogramming. In this review, we have compiled current research on the role of MYCs as molecular switches that modulate signal transduction pathways mediated by phytohormones and phytochromes. This comprehensive overview allows us to address lingering questions regarding the interplay of signals in response to environmental cues and developmental shift. It also sheds light on the potential implications for enhancing plant resistance to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses through genetic improvements achieved by plant breeding and synthetic biology efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Li
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunshuai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhiwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mujun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, TX, 77058-1098, USA
| | - Liai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunxiang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Li Y, Cheng Y, Wei F, Liu Y, Zhu R, Zhao P, Zhang J, Xiang C, Kang E, Shang Z. Arabidopsis thaliana MYC2 and MYC3 Are Involved in Ethylene-Regulated Hypocotyl Growth as Negative Regulators. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8022. [PMID: 39125592 PMCID: PMC11311335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The ethylene-regulated hypocotyl elongation of Arabidopsis thaliana involves many transcription factors. The specific role of MYC transcription factors in ethylene signal transduction is not completely understood. The results here revealed that two MYCs, MYC2 and MYC3, act as negative regulators in ethylene-suppressed hypocotyl elongation. Etiolated seedlings of the loss-of-function mutant of MYC2 or MYC3 were significantly longer than wild-type seedlings. Single- or double-null mutants of MYC2 and MYC3 displayed remarkably enhanced response to ACC(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate), the ethylene precursor, compared to wild-type seedlings. MYC2 and MYC3 directly bind to the promoter zone of ERF1, strongly suppressing its expression. Additionally, EIN3, a key component in ethylene signaling, interacts with MYC2 or MYC3 and significantly suppresses their binding to ERF1's promoter. MYC2 and MYC3 play crucial roles in the ethylene-regulated expression of functional genes. The results revealed the novel role and functional mechanism of these transcription factors in ethylene signal transduction. The findings provide valuable information for deepening our understanding of their role in regulating plant growth and responding to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ying Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Fan Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingxiao Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ruojia Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China;
| | - Pingxia Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (P.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.X.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (P.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.X.)
| | - Chengbin Xiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (P.Z.); (J.Z.); (C.X.)
| | - Erfang Kang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhonglin Shang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China; (Y.L.); (Y.C.); (F.W.); (Y.L.)
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Krahmer J, Fankhauser C. Environmental Control of Hypocotyl Elongation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:489-519. [PMID: 38012051 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-062923-023852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The hypocotyl is the embryonic stem connecting the primary root to the cotyledons. Hypocotyl length varies tremendously depending on the conditions. This developmental plasticity and the simplicity of the organ explain its success as a model for growth regulation. Light and temperature are prominent growth-controlling cues, using shared signaling elements. Mechanisms controlling hypocotyl elongation in etiolated seedlings reaching the light differ from those in photoautotrophic seedlings. However, many common growth regulators intervene in both situations. Multiple photoreceptors including phytochromes, which also respond to temperature, control the activity of several transcription factors, thereby eliciting rapid transcriptional reprogramming. Hypocotyl growth often depends on sensing in green tissues and interorgan communication comprising auxin. Hypocotyl auxin, in conjunction with other hormones, determines epidermal cell elongation. Plants facing cues with opposite effects on growth control hypocotyl elongation through intricate mechanisms. We discuss the status of the field and end by highlighting open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Krahmer
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Current affiliation: Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
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Li N, Xu Y, Lu Y. A Regulatory Mechanism on Pathways: Modulating Roles of MYC2 and BBX21 in the Flavonoid Network. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1156. [PMID: 38674565 PMCID: PMC11054080 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Genes of metabolic pathways are individually or collectively regulated, often via unclear mechanisms. The anthocyanin pathway, well known for its regulation by the MYB/bHLH/WDR (MBW) complex but less well understood in its connections to MYC2, BBX21, SPL9, PIF3, and HY5, is investigated here for its direct links to the regulators. We show that MYC2 can activate the structural genes of the anthocyanin pathway but also suppress them (except F3'H) in both Arabidopsis and Oryza when a local MBW complex is present. BBX21 or SPL9 can activate all or part of the structural genes, respectively, but the effects can be largely overwritten by the local MBW complex. HY5 primarily influences expressions of the early genes (CHS, CHI, and F3H). TF-TF relationships can be complex here: PIF3, BBX21, or SPL9 can mildly activate MYC2; MYC2 physically interacts with the bHLH (GL3) of the MBW complex and/or competes with strong actions of BBX21 to lessen a stimulus to the anthocyanin pathway. The dual role of MYC2 in regulating the anthocyanin pathway and a similar role of BBX21 in regulating BAN reveal a network-level mechanism, in which pathways are modulated locally and competing interactions between modulators may tone down strong environmental signals before they reach the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (N.L.); (Y.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunzhang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (N.L.); (Y.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; (N.L.); (Y.X.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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6
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Han R, Ma L, Terzaghi W, Guo Y, Li J. Molecular mechanisms underlying coordinated responses of plants to shade and environmental stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1893-1913. [PMID: 38289877 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is triggered by a low ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) light (R/FR ratio), which is caused by neighbor detection and/or canopy shade. In order to compete for the limited light, plants elongate hypocotyls and petioles by deactivating phytochrome B (phyB), a major R light photoreceptor, thus releasing its inhibition of the growth-promoting transcription factors PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs. Under natural conditions, plants must cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, soil salinity, and extreme temperatures, and biotic stresses such as pathogens and pests. Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to simultaneously deal with multiple environmental stresses. In this review, we will summarize recent major advances in our understanding of how plants coordinately respond to shade and environmental stresses, and will also discuss the important questions for future research. A deep understanding of how plants synergistically respond to shade together with abiotic and biotic stresses will facilitate the design and breeding of new crop varieties with enhanced tolerance to high-density planting and environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Han
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - William Terzaghi
- Department of Biology, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, 18766, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding (MOE), China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Wang X, Wei J, Wu J, Shi B, Wang P, Alabd A, Wang D, Gao Y, Ni J, Bai S, Teng Y. Transcription factors BZR2/MYC2 modulate brassinosteroid and jasmonic acid crosstalk during pear dormancy. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1794-1814. [PMID: 38036294 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Bud dormancy is an important physiological process during winter. Its release requires a certain period of chilling. In pear (Pyrus pyrifolia), the abscisic acid (ABA)-induced expression of DORMANCY-ASSOCIATED MADS-box (DAM) genes represses bud break, whereas exogenous gibberellin (GA) promotes dormancy release. However, with the exception of ABA and GA, the regulatory effects of phytohormones on dormancy remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we confirmed brassinosteroids (BRs) and jasmonic acid (JA) contribute to pear bud dormancy release. If chilling accumulation is insufficient, both 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) and methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) can promote pear bud break, implying that they positively regulate dormancy release. BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 2 (BZR2), which is a BR-responsive transcription factor, inhibited PpyDAM3 expression and accelerated pear bud break. The transient overexpression of PpyBZR2 increased endogenous GA, JA, and JA-Ile levels. In addition, the direct interaction between PpyBZR2 and MYELOCYTOMATOSIS 2 (PpyMYC2) enhanced the PpyMYC2-mediated activation of Gibberellin 20-oxidase genes PpyGA20OX1L1 and PpyGA20OX2L2 transcription, thereby increasing GA3 contents and accelerating pear bud dormancy release. Interestingly, treatment with 5 μm MeJA increased the bud break rate, while also enhancing PpyMYC2-activated PpyGA20OX expression and increasing GA3,4 contents. The 100 μm MeJA treatment decreased the PpyMYC2-mediated activation of the PpyGA20OX1L1 and PpyGA20OX2L2 promoters and suppressed the inhibitory effect of PpyBZR2 on PpyDAM3 transcription, ultimately inhibiting pear bud break. In summary, our data provide insights into the crosstalk between the BR and JA signaling pathways that regulate the BZR2/MYC2-mediated pathway in the pear dormancy release process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Wang
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jia Wei
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiahao Wu
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Baojing Shi
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Peihui Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Ahmed Alabd
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- Department of Pomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21545, Egypt
| | - Duanni Wang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuhao Gao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Junbei Ni
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Songling Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yuanwen Teng
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan 572000, PR China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
- The Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China
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Khan FS, Goher F, Paulsmeyer MN, Hu CG, Zhang JZ. Calcium (Ca 2+ ) sensors and MYC2 are crucial players during jasmonates-mediated abiotic stress tolerance in plants. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2023; 25:1025-1034. [PMID: 37422725 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Plants evolve stress-specific responses that sense changes in their external environmental conditions and develop various mechanisms for acclimatization and survival. Calcium (Ca2+ ) is an essential stress-sensing secondary messenger in plants. Ca2+ sensors, including calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), calmodulins (CaMs), CaM-like proteins (CMLs), and calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), are involved in jasmonates (JAs) signalling and biosynthesis. Moreover, JAs are phospholipid-derived phytohormones that control plant response to abiotic stresses. The JAs signalling pathway affects hormone-receptor gene transcription by binding to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor. MYC2 acts as a master regulator of JAs signalling module assimilated through various genes. The Ca2+ sensor CML regulates MYC2 and is involved in a distinct mechanism mediating JAs signalling during abiotic stresses. This review highlights the pivotal role of the Ca2+ sensors in JAs biosynthesis and MYC2-mediated JAs signalling during abiotic stresses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Khan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Goher
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - M N Paulsmeyer
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Vegetable Crops Research Unit, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - C-G Hu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - J-Z Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Liu S, Gu X, Jiang Y, Wang L, Xiao N, Chen Y, Jin B, Wang L, Li W. UV-B promotes flavonoid biosynthesis in Ginkgo biloba by inducing the GbHY5- GbMYB1- GbFLS module. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad118. [PMID: 37547729 PMCID: PMC10402656 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba (ginkgo) leaves have medicinal value due to their high levels of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids. We found that the flavonoid content in ginkgo leaves increases significantly at high altitudes (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). Considering that high UV-B radiation is among the key environmental characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, we carried out simulated UV-B treatments on ginkgo seedlings and found that the flavonoid content of the leaves increased significantly following the treatments. Combined with results from our previous studies, we determined that the transcription factor GbHY5 may play a key role in responses to UV-B radiation. Overexpression of GbHY5 significantly promoted the accumulation of flavonoids in both ginkgo callus and Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and real-time quantitative PCR showed that GbHY5 promoted the expression of GbMYB1 by interacting with GbMYB1 protein. Overexpression of GbMYB1 in ginkgo callus and A. thaliana also significantly promoted flavonoid biosynthesis. GbFLS encodes a key enzyme in flavonoid biosynthesis, and its promoter has binding elements of GbHY5 and GbMYB1. A dual-luciferase reporter assay indicated that while GbHY5 and GbMYB1 activated the expression of GbFLS individually, their co-expression achieved greater activation. Our analyses reveal the molecular mechanisms by which the UV-B-induced GbHY5-GbMYB1-GbFLS module promotes flavonoid biosynthesis in ginkgo, and they provide insight into the use of UV-B radiation to enhance the flavonoid content of ginkgo leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Liu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyin Gu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yanbing Jiang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yadi Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Biao Jin
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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10
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Wang L, Wu X, Xing Q, Zhao Y, Yu B, Ma Y, Wang F, Qi H. PIF8-WRKY42-mediated salicylic acid synthesis modulates red light induced powdery mildew resistance in oriental melon. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1726-1742. [PMID: 36759948 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Light signals and plant hormones are involved in regulating the growth, development and stress resistance of plants; however, it remains unclear whether light affects hormones and thus pathogen resistance in oriental melon. Here, we found that red light promoted salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and powdery mildew resistance by activating the transcription of CmICS, the key gene for SA biosynthesis, and silencing CmICS seriously weakened the induction effect of red light on powdery mildew resistance in oriental melon leaves. Further studies showed that red light induced the expression of CmWRKY42 under powdery mildew stress, and CmWRKY42 directly bound to the CmICS promoter to activate its expression and promote the accumulation of SA under red light. Furthermore, we found that PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 8 (PIF8), as a negative regulator of SA biosynthesis, inhibits CmWRKY42 transcriptional activation by binding to the CmWRKY42 promoter, and thus inhibits transcriptional activation of CmICS by CmWRKY42. Also, CmPIF8 binds to the CmICS promoter and directly inhibits its transcription. In conclusion, our study revealed a new molecular mechanism of the relationship between red light-SA-powdery mildew resistance and provided a theoretical basis for resistance breeding of oriental melon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Xutong Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaojuan Xing
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaping Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongyan Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education of Ministry and Liaoning Province/National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, China
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11
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Yin L, Zander M, Huang SSC, Xie M, Song L, Saldierna Guzmán JP, Hann E, Shanbhag BK, Ng S, Jain S, Janssen BJ, Clark NM, Walley JW, Beddoe T, Bar-Joseph Z, Lewsey MG, Ecker JR. Transcription Factor Dynamics in Cross-Regulation of Plant Hormone Signaling Pathways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531630. [PMID: 36945593 PMCID: PMC10028877 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Cross-regulation between hormone signaling pathways is indispensable for plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanisms by which multiple hormones interact and co-ordinate activity need to be understood. Here, we generated a cross-regulation network explaining how hormone signals are integrated from multiple pathways in etiolated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) seedlings. To do so we comprehensively characterized transcription factor activity during plant hormone responses and reconstructed dynamic transcriptional regulatory models for six hormones; abscisic acid, brassinosteroid, ethylene, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and strigolactone/karrikin. These models incorporated target data for hundreds of transcription factors and thousands of protein-protein interactions. Each hormone recruited different combinations of transcription factors, a subset of which were shared between hormones. Hub target genes existed within hormone transcriptional networks, exhibiting transcription factor activity themselves. In addition, a group of MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES (MPKs) were identified as potential key points of cross-regulation between multiple hormones. Accordingly, the loss of function of one of these (MPK6) disrupted the global proteome, phosphoproteome and transcriptome during hormone responses. Lastly, we determined that all hormones drive substantial alternative splicing that has distinct effects on the transcriptome compared with differential gene expression, acting in early hormone responses. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of the common features of plant transcriptional regulatory pathways and how cross-regulation between hormones acts upon gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yin
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Mark Zander
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Shao-shan Carol Huang
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Mingtang Xie
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Cibus, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Liang Song
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J. Paola Saldierna Guzmán
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hann
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Present address: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Bhuvana K. Shanbhag
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Sophia Ng
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Jain
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Bart J. Janssen
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Natalie M. Clark
- Proteomics Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142 USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011 USA
| | - Justin W. Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology, and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011 USA
| | - Travis Beddoe
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mathew G. Lewsey
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture Biomedicine and Environment, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Industrial Transformation Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plants For Space, AgriBio Building, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Joseph R. Ecker
- Plant Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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12
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Yu D, Dong X, Zou K, Jiang XD, Sun YB, Min Z, Zhang LP, Cui H, Hu JY. A hidden mutation in the seventh WD40-repeat of COP1 determines the early flowering trait in a set of Arabidopsis myc mutants. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:345-350. [PMID: 36331342 PMCID: PMC9806556 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xue Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Ke Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Yi-Bo Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Zhijie Min
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Haitao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jin-Yong Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
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13
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Mithöfer A, Riemann M, Faehn CA, Mrazova A, Jaakola L. Plant defense under Arctic light conditions: Can plants withstand invading pests? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1051107. [PMID: 36507393 PMCID: PMC9729949 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is predicted to change the growth conditions for plants and crops in regions at high latitudes (>60° N), including the Arctic. This will be accompanied by alterations in the composition of natural plant and pest communities, as herbivorous arthropods will invade these regions as well. Interactions between previously non-overlapping species may occur and cause new challenges to herbivore attack. However, plants growing at high latitudes experience less herbivory compared to plants grown at lower latitudes. We hypothesize that this finding is due to a gradient of constitutive chemical defense towards the Northern regions. We further hypothesize that higher level of defensive compounds is mediated by higher level of the defense-related phytohormone jasmonate. Because its biosynthesis is light dependent, Arctic summer day light conditions can promote jasmonate accumulation and, hence, downstream physiological responses. A pilot study with bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) plants grown under different light regimes supports the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Riemann
- Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Corine A. Faehn
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anna Mrazova
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre of Czech Academy of Science, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Laura Jaakola
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- NIBIO, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Ås, Norway
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14
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Major IT, Campos ML. Editorial: On the frontier of a plant's dilemma: Exploring the molecular basis ofgrowth versus defense antagonism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1067441. [PMID: 36407595 PMCID: PMC9671070 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1067441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Tomoharu Major
- Laurentian Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Lattarulo Campos
- Integrative Plant Research Laboratory, Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil
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15
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Zou J, Lin Y, Hu M, Wan M, Tan X, Xu X, Xu F. N-Myc transcriptionally activates Skp2 to suppress p27 expression in small cell lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154083. [PMID: 36027654 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by a high proliferative rate, a strong predilection for early metastasis and poor prognosis. Novel SCLC biomarkers are urgently required to improve current diagnostic and treatment modalities. MYCN encodes the proto-oncogene N-Myc that is overexpressed in SCLC, but its downstream effectors are poorly characterized. Here, we investigated the role of the N-Myc/Skp2/p27 axis during SCLC progression. METHODS Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blotting were performed to evaluate N-Myc/Skp2/p27 expression. SCLC cell apoptosis was investigated through TUNEL staining. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to detect the migratory and invasive potential of SCLC cells. N-Myc and Skp2 binding was confirmed through luciferase reporter and ChIP assays. Xenograft models were developed to investigate the function of Skp2 during SCLC tumor growth in vivo. RESULTS N-Myc and Skp2 were overexpressed in SCLC, whilst p27 expression was suppressed. Skp2 facilitated SCLC progression by protecting cells from apoptosis and facilitating cell migration and invasion. N-Myc was found to bind to the promoter region of Skp2 to enhance its expression. Skp2 enhanced tumor growth in vivo through the suppression of p27. Skp2 silencing reversed the pro-oncogenic effects of N-myc in SCLC tumors. CONCLUSION We show that N-Myc enhances Skp2 to regulate p27 expression during SCLC progression. We therefore highlight the N-Myc/Skp2/p27 axis as a novel diagnostic and much-needed therapeutic target in SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1519, Dongyue Avenue, Dongxin Township, Nanchang County, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1519, Dongyue Avenue, Dongxin Township, Nanchang County, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1519, Dongyue Avenue, Dongxin Township, Nanchang County, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengzhi Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1519, Dongyue Avenue, Dongxin Township, Nanchang County, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinyu Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1519, Dongyue Avenue, Dongxin Township, Nanchang County, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xinping Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1519, Dongyue Avenue, Dongxin Township, Nanchang County, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1519, Dongyue Avenue, Dongxin Township, Nanchang County, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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16
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Huang ZH, Bao K, Jing ZH, Wang Q, Duan HF, Zhang S, Tao WW, Wu QN. Euryale Small Auxin Up RNA62 promotes cell elongation and seed size by altering the distribution of indole-3-acetic acid under the light. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:931063. [PMID: 36160968 PMCID: PMC9500450 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.931063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Euryale (Euryale ferox Salisb.) is an aquatic crop used as both food and drug in Asia, but its utilization is seriously limited due to low yield. Previously, we hypothesized that Euryale small auxin up RNAs (EuSAURs) regulate seed size, but the underlying biological functions and molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we observed that the hybrid Euryale lines (HL) generate larger seeds with higher indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) concentrations than those in the North Gordon Euryale (WT). Histological analysis suggested that a larger ovary in HL is attributed to longer cells around. Overexpression of EuSAUR62 in rice (Oryza sativa L.) resulted in larger glumes and grains and increased the length of glume cells. Immunofluorescence and protein interaction assays revealed that EuSAUR62 modulates IAA accumulation around the rice ovary by interacting with the rice PIN-FORMED 9, an auxin efflux carrier protein. Euryale basic region/leucine zipper 55 (EubZIP55), which was highly expressed in HL, directly binds to the EuSAUR62 promoter and activated the expression of EuSAUR62. Constant light increased the expression of both EubZIP55 and EuSAUR62 with auxin-mediated hook curvature in HL seedlings. Overall, we proposed that EuSAUR62 is a molecular bridge between light and IAA and plays a crucial role in regulating the size of the Euryale seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-heng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Zong-hui Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-fang Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-wei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-nan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing, China
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17
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Grau J, Franco‐Zorrilla JM. TDTHub, a web server tool for the analysis of transcription factor binding sites in plants. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1203-1215. [PMID: 35713985 PMCID: PMC9541588 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation underlies most developmental programs and physiological responses to environmental changes in plants. Transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in the regulation of gene expression by binding specifically to short DNA sequences in the regulatory regions of genes: the TF binding sites (TFBSs). In recent years, several bioinformatic tools have been developed to detect TFBSs in candidate genes, either by de novo prediction or by directly mapping experimentally known TFBSs. However, most of these tools contain information for only a few species or require multi-step procedures, and are not always intuitive for non-experienced researchers. Here we present TFBS-Discovery Tool Hub (TDTHub), a web server for quick and intuitive studies of transcriptional regulation in plants. TDTHub uses pre-computed TFBSs in 40 plant species and allows the choice of two mapping algorithms, providing a higher versatility. Besides the main TFBS enrichment tool, TDTHub includes additional tools to assist in the analysis and visualization of data. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of TDTHub, we analyzed the transcriptional regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. We also analyzed the transcriptional cascades in response to jasmonate and wounding in Arabidopsis and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), respectively. In these studies, TDTHub helped to verify the most relevant TF nodes and to propose new ones with a prominent role in these pathways. TDTHub is available at http://acrab.cnb.csic.es/TDTHub/, and it will be periodically upgraded and expanded for new species and gene annotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Grau
- Department of Plant Molecular GeneticsCentro Nacional de BiotecnologíaCNB‐CSIC, C/Darwin 328049MadridSpain
| | - José M. Franco‐Zorrilla
- Department of Plant Molecular GeneticsCentro Nacional de BiotecnologíaCNB‐CSIC, C/Darwin 328049MadridSpain
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18
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Nguyen TH, Goossens A, Lacchini E. Jasmonate: A hormone of primary importance for plant metabolism. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 67:102197. [PMID: 35248983 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, jasmonates (JAs) have become recognized as one of the main plant hormones that regulate stress responses by activating defense programs and the production of specialized metabolites. High JA levels have been associated with reduced plant growth, supposedly as a result of the reallocation of carbon sources from primary growth to the biosynthesis of defense compounds. Recent advances suggest however that tight regulatory networks integrate several sensing pathways to steer plant metabolism, and thereby drive the trade-off between growth and defense. In this review, we discuss how JA influences primary metabolism and how it is connected to light-regulated processes, nutrient sensing and energy metabolism. Finally, we speculate that JA, in a conceptual parallelism with adrenaline for humans, overall boosts cellular processes to keep up with an increased metabolic demand during harsh times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Hieu Nguyen
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Elia Lacchini
- Ghent University, Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technologiepark 71, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Fiorucci AS, Michaud O, Schmid-Siegert E, Trevisan M, Allenbach Petrolati L, Çaka Ince Y, Fankhauser C. Shade suppresses wound-induced leaf repositioning through a mechanism involving PHYTOCHROME KINASE SUBSTRATE (PKS) genes. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010213. [PMID: 35622862 PMCID: PMC9197076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shaded plants challenged with herbivores or pathogens prioritize growth over defense. However, most experiments have focused on the effect of shading light cues on defense responses. To investigate the potential interaction between shade-avoidance and wounding-induced Jasmonate (JA)-mediated signaling on leaf growth and movement, we used repetitive mechanical wounding of leaf blades to mimic herbivore attacks. Phenotyping experiments with combined treatments on Arabidopsis thaliana rosettes revealed that shade strongly inhibits the wound effect on leaf elevation. By contrast, petiole length is reduced by wounding both in the sun and in the shade. Thus, the relationship between the shade and wounding/JA pathways varies depending on the physiological response, implying that leaf growth and movement can be uncoupled. Using RNA-sequencing, we identified genes with expression patterns matching the hyponastic response (opposite regulation by both stimuli, interaction between treatments with shade dominating the wound signal). Among them were genes from the PKS (Phytochrome Kinase Substrate) family, which was previously studied for its role in phototropism and leaf positioning. Interestingly, we observed reduced shade suppression of the wounding effect in pks2pks4 double mutants while a PKS4 overexpressing line showed constitutively elevated leaves and was less sensitive to wounding. Our results indicate a trait-specific interrelationship between shade and wounding cues on Arabidopsis leaf growth and positioning. Moreover, we identify PKS genes as integrators of external cues in the control of leaf hyponasty further emphasizing the role of these genes in aerial organ positioning. Plants face different types of stressful situations without the ability to relocate to favorable environments. For example, increasing plant density reduces access to sunlight as plants start to shade each other. Foliar shading represents a stress that many plants cope with by changing their morphology. This includes elongation of stem-like structures and repositioning of leaves to favor access to unfiltered sunlight. Plants also defend themselves against various pathogens including herbivores. Defense mechanisms include the production of deterrent chemical and morphological adaptations such as stunted growth and downwards leaf repositioning. Here we studied the morphological response of plants when simultaneously facing shade and herbivore stress. When facing both stresses petiole growth was intermediate between the shade-enhanced and wound-repressed response. In contrast, the shade cue overrides the wounding cue leading to a similar upwards leaf repositioning in the combined treatments or in the response to shade alone. Using gene expression analyses and genetics we identified two members of the Phytochrome Kinase Substrate family as playing a signal integration role when plants simultaneously faced both stresses. This contributes to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant morphological adaptations when facing multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Fiorucci
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Michaud
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Martine Trevisan
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laure Allenbach Petrolati
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yetkin Çaka Ince
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Fankhauser
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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20
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Rosado D, Ackermann A, Spassibojko O, Rossi M, Pedmale UV. WRKY transcription factors and ethylene signaling modify root growth during the shade-avoidance response. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:1294-1311. [PMID: 34718759 PMCID: PMC8825332 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Shade-intolerant plants rapidly elongate their stems, branches, and leaf stalks to compete with neighboring vegetation, maximizing sunlight capture for photosynthesis. This rapid growth adaptation, known as the shade-avoidance response (SAR), comes at a cost: reduced biomass, crop yield, and root growth. Significant progress has been made on the mechanistic understanding of hypocotyl elongation during SAR; however, the molecular interpretation of root growth repression is not well understood. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which SAR induced by low red:far-red light restricts primary and lateral root (LR) growth. By analyzing the whole-genome transcriptome, we identified a core set of shade-induced genes in roots of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings grown in the shade. Abiotic and biotic stressors also induce many of these shade-induced genes and are predominantly regulated by WRKY transcription factors. Correspondingly, a majority of WRKY genes were among the shade-induced genes. Functional analysis using transgenics of these shade-induced WRKYs revealed that their role is essentially to restrict primary root and LR growth in the shade; captivatingly, they did not affect hypocotyl elongation. Similarly, we also found that ethylene hormone signaling is necessary for limiting root growth in the shade. We propose that during SAR, shade-induced WRKY26, 45, and 75, and ethylene reprogram gene expression in the root to restrict its growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Rosado
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Amanda Ackermann
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Olya Spassibojko
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
| | - Magdalena Rossi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ullas V Pedmale
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724, USA
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21
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Xiao Y, Chu L, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Xiao J, Xu D. HY5: A Pivotal Regulator of Light-Dependent Development in Higher Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:800989. [PMID: 35111179 PMCID: PMC8801436 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.800989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), a bZIP-type transcription factor, acts as a master regulator that regulates various physiological and biological processes in plants such as photomorphogenesis, root growth, flavonoid biosynthesis and accumulation, nutrient acquisition, and response to abiotic stresses. HY5 is evolutionally conserved in function among various plant species. HY5 acts as a master regulator of light-mediated transcriptional regulatory hub that directly or indirectly controls the transcription of approximately one-third of genes at the whole genome level. The transcription, protein abundance, and activity of HY5 are tightly modulated by a variety of factors through distinct regulatory mechanisms. This review primarily summarizes recent advances on HY5-mediated molecular and physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms on HY5 in the model plant Arabidopsis as well as in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dongqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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22
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Song C, Cao Y, Dai J, Li G, Manzoor MA, Chen C, Deng H. The Multifaceted Roles of MYC2 in Plants: Toward Transcriptional Reprogramming and Stress Tolerance by Jasmonate Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:868874. [PMID: 35548315 PMCID: PMC9082941 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.868874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Environmental stress is one of the major restrictions on plant development and foodstuff production. The adaptive response in plants largely occurs through an intricate signaling system, which is crucial for regulating the stress-responsive genes. Myelocytomatosis (MYC) transcription factors are the fundamental regulators of the jasmonate (JA) signaling branch that participates in plant development and multiple stresses. By binding to the cis-acting elements of a large number of stress-responsive genes, JA-responsive transcription factors activate the stress-resistant defense genes. The mechanism of stress responses concerns myriad regulatory processes at the physiological and molecular levels. Discovering stress-related regulatory factors is of great value in disclosing the response mechanisms of plants to biotic or abiotic stress, which could guide the genetic improvement of plant resistance. This review summarizes recent researches in various aspects of MYC2-mediated JA signaling and emphasizes MYC2 involvement in plant growth and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Song
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Yunpeng Cao
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Dai
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Guohui Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | | | - Cunwu Chen
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
| | - Hui Deng
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu’an, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Deng,
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23
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Kou X, Feng Y, Yuan S, Zhao X, Wu C, Wang C, Xue Z. Different regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits: a review. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:477-497. [PMID: 34633626 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01199-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This review contains the regulatory mechanisms of plant hormones in the ripening process of climacteric and non-climacteric fruits, interactions between plant hormones and future research directions. The fruit ripening process involves physiological and biochemical changes such as pigment accumulation, softening, aroma and flavor formation. There is a great difference in the ripening process between climacteric fruits and non-climacteric fruits. The ripening of these two types of fruits is affected by endogenous signals and exogenous environments. Endogenous signaling plant hormones play an important regulatory role in fruit ripening. This paper systematically reviews recent progress in the regulation of plant hormones in fruit ripening, including ethylene, abscisic acid, auxin, jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellin, brassinosteroid (BR), salicylic acid (SA) and melatonin. The role of plant hormones in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits is discussed, with emphasis on the interaction between ethylene and other adjustment factors. Specifically, the research progress and future research directions of JA, SA and BR in fruit ripening are discussed, and the regulatory network between JA and other signaling molecules remains to be further revealed. This study is meant to expand the understanding of the importance of plant hormones, clarify the hormonal regulation network and provide a basis for targeted manipulation of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Caie Wu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China.
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24
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López-Vidriero I, Godoy M, Grau J, Peñuelas M, Solano R, Franco-Zorrilla JM. DNA features beyond the transcription factor binding site specify target recognition by plant MYC2-related bHLH proteins. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100232. [PMID: 34778747 PMCID: PMC8577090 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) regulate gene expression by binding to cis-regulatory sequences in the promoters of target genes. Recent research is helping to decipher in part the cis-regulatory code in eukaryotes, including plants, but it is not yet fully understood how paralogous TFs select their targets. Here we addressed this question by studying several proteins of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of plant TFs, all of which recognize the same DNA motif. We focused on the MYC-related group of bHLHs, that redundantly regulate the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway, and we observed a high correspondence between DNA-binding profiles in vitro and MYC function in vivo. We demonstrated that A/T-rich modules flanking the MYC-binding motif, conserved from bryophytes to higher plants, are essential for TF recognition. We observed particular DNA-shape features associated with A/T modules, indicating that the DNA shape may contribute to MYC DNA binding. We extended this analysis to 20 additional bHLHs and observed correspondence between in vitro binding and protein function, but it could not be attributed to A/T modules as in MYCs. We conclude that different bHLHs may have their own codes for DNA binding and specific selection of targets that, at least in the case of MYCs, depend on the TF-DNA interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene López-Vidriero
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Godoy
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Grau
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Peñuelas
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Franco-Zorrilla
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, C/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Corresponding author
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25
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Frerigmann H, Hoecker U, Gigolashvili T. New Insights on the Regulation of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis via COP1 and DELLA Proteins in Arabidopsis Thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:680255. [PMID: 34276733 PMCID: PMC8281118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.680255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of defensive secondary metabolites, such as glucosinolates (GSLs), is a costly process, which requires nutrients, ATP, and reduction equivalents, and, therefore, needs well-orchestrated machinery while coordinating defense and growth. We discovered that the key repressor of light signaling, the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1/SUPPRESSOR OF PHYTOCHROME A-105 (COP1/SPA) complex, is a crucial component of GSL biosynthesis regulation. Various mutants in this COP1/SPA complex exhibited a strongly reduced level of GSL and a low expression of jasmonate (JA)-dependent genes. Furthermore, cop1, which is known to accumulate DELLA proteins in the dark, shows reduced gibberellin (GA) and JA signaling, thereby phenocopying other DELLA-accumulating mutants. This phenotype can be complemented by a dominant gain-of-function allele of MYC3 and by crossing with a mutant having low DELLA protein levels. Hence, SPA1 interacts with DELLA proteins in a yeast two-hybrid screen, whereas high levels of DELLA inhibit MYC function and suppress JA signaling. DELLA accumulation leads to reduced synthesis of GSL and inhibited growth. Thus, the COP1/SPA-mediated degradation of DELLA not only affects growth but also regulates the biosynthesis of GSLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Frerigmann
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ute Hoecker
- BioCenter, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tamara Gigolashvili
- BioCenter, Botanical Institute and Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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26
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Lazzarin M, Meisenburg M, Meijer D, van Ieperen W, Marcelis LFM, Kappers IF, van der Krol AR, van Loon JJA, Dicke M. LEDs Make It Resilient: Effects on Plant Growth and Defense. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:496-508. [PMID: 33358304 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Light spectral composition influences plant growth and metabolism, and has important consequences for interactions with plant-feeding arthropods and their natural enemies. In greenhouse horticulture, light spectral composition can be precisely manipulated by light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and LEDs are already used to optimize crop production and quality. However, because light quality also modulates plant secondary metabolism and defense, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms in the context of the growth-defense trade-off. We review the effects of the spectral composition of supplemental light currently used, or potentially used, in greenhouse horticulture on the mechanisms underlying plant growth and defense. This information is important for exploring opportunities to optimize crop performance and pest management, and thus for developing resilient crop-production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lazzarin
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Meisenburg
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Meijer
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W van Ieperen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - L F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I F Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - A R van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J J A van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University, PO Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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27
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Fernández-Milmanda GL, Ballaré CL. Shade Avoidance: Expanding the Color and Hormone Palette. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:509-523. [PMID: 33461868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Major strides have been made over the past decade in elucidating the mechanisms that mediate shade-avoidance responses. The canonical PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR (PIF)-auxin pathway that begins with inactivation of phytochrome B (phyB) by a low red:far-red (R:FR) ratio, and that leads to increased elongation, has been thoroughly characterized in arabidopsis (Arabidopsisthaliana) seedlings. Nevertheless, studies in other life stages and plant species have demonstrated the role of other wavelengths, photoreceptors, and hormones in the orchestration of shade-avoidance responses. We highlight recent developments that illustrate how canopy light cues regulate signaling through auxin, gibberellins (GAs), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and strigolactones (SLs) to modulate key aspects of plant growth, metabolism, and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe L Fernández-Milmanda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisiológicas y Ecológicas Vinculadas a la Agricultura (IFEVA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Avenida San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas (IIBIO), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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28
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Pierik R, Ballaré CL. Control of Plant Growth and Defense by Photoreceptors: From Mechanisms to Opportunities in Agriculture. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:61-76. [PMID: 33276158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants detect and respond to the proximity of competitors using light signals perceived by photoreceptor proteins. A low ratio of red to far-red radiation (R:FR ratio) is a key signal of competition that is sensed by the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB). Low R:FR ratios increase the synthesis of growth-related hormones, including auxin and gibberellins, promoting stem elongation and other shade-avoidance responses. Other photoreceptors that help plants to optimize their developmental configuration and resource allocation patterns in the canopy include blue light photoreceptors, such as cryptochromes and phototropins, and UV receptors, such as UVR8. All photoreceptors act by directly or indirectly controlling the activity of two major regulatory nodes for growth and development: the COP1/SPA ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and the PIF transcription factors. phyB is also an important modulator of hormonal pathways that regulate plant defense against herbivores and pathogens, including the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. In this Perspective, we discuss recent advances on the studies of the mechanisms that link photoreceptors with growth and defense. Understanding these mechanisms is important to provide a functional platform for breeding programs aimed at improving plant productivity, stress tolerance, and crop health in species of agronomic interest, and to manipulate the light environments in protected agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht 3584 CH, the Netherlands.
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ave. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IIBIO-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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29
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Aerts N, Pereira Mendes M, Van Wees SCM. Multiple levels of crosstalk in hormone networks regulating plant defense. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:489-504. [PMID: 33617121 PMCID: PMC7898868 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant hormones are essential for regulating the interactions between plants and their complex biotic and abiotic environments. Each hormone initiates a specific molecular pathway and these different hormone pathways are integrated in a complex network of synergistic, antagonistic and additive interactions. This inter-pathway communication is called hormone crosstalk. By influencing the immune network topology, hormone crosstalk is essential for tailoring plant responses to diverse microbes and insects in diverse environmental and internal contexts. Crosstalk provides robustness to the immune system but also drives specificity of induced defense responses against the plethora of biotic interactors. Recent advances in dry-lab and wet-lab techniques have greatly enhanced our understanding of the broad-scale effects of hormone crosstalk on immune network functioning and have revealed underlying principles of crosstalk mechanisms. Molecular studies have demonstrated that hormone crosstalk is modulated at multiple levels of regulation, such as by affecting protein stability, gene transcription and hormone homeostasis. These new insights into hormone crosstalk regulation of plant defense are reviewed here, with a focus on crosstalk acting on the jasmonic acid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana, highlighting the transcription factors MYC2 and ORA59 as major targets for modulation by other hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Aerts
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyScience4LifeUtrecht UniversityP.O. Box 800.56Utrecht3408 TBThe Netherlands
| | - Marciel Pereira Mendes
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyScience4LifeUtrecht UniversityP.O. Box 800.56Utrecht3408 TBThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia C. M. Van Wees
- Plant‐Microbe InteractionsDepartment of BiologyScience4LifeUtrecht UniversityP.O. Box 800.56Utrecht3408 TBThe Netherlands
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30
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Bulgakov VP, Koren OG. Basic Protein Modules Combining Abscisic Acid and Light Signaling in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:808960. [PMID: 35046987 PMCID: PMC8762054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that plants use the complex signaling system regulated by light and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling components to optimize growth and development in different situations. The role of ABA-light interactions is evident in the coupling of stress defense reactions with seed germination and root development, maintaining of stem cell identity and stem cell specification, stem elongation and leaf development, flowering and fruit formation, senescence, and shade avoidance. All these processes are regulated jointly by the ABA-light signaling system. Although a lot of work has been devoted to ABA-light signal interactions, there is still no systematic description of central signaling components and protein modules, which jointly regulate plant development. New data have emerged to promote understanding of how ABA and light signals are integrated at the molecular level, representing an extensively growing area of research. This work is intended to fill existing gaps by using literature data combined with bioinformatics analysis.
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Song Z, Yan T, Liu J, Bian Y, Heng Y, Lin F, Jiang Y, Wang Deng X, Xu D. BBX28/BBX29, HY5 and BBX30/31 form a feedback loop to fine-tune photomorphogenic development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:377-390. [PMID: 32654323 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Light is one of the key environmental cues controlling photomorphogenic development in plants. A group of B-box (BBX) proteins play critical roles in this developmental process through diverse regulatory mechanisms. In this study we report that BBX29 acts as a negative regulator of light signaling. BBX29 interacts with CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) and undergoes COP1-mediated degradation in the dark. Mutant seedlings with loss of BBX29 function show shortened hypocotyls, while transgenic plants overexpressing BBX29 display elongated hypocotyls in the light. Both BBX28 and BBX29 interfere with the binding of ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) to the promoters of BBX30 and BBX31, consequently leading to the upregulation of their transcript levels. BBX30 and BBX31 associate with the promoter regions of BBX28 and BBX29, which in turn promotes the expression of these genes. Taken together, this study reveals a transcriptional feedback loop consisting of BBX28, BBX29, BBX30, BBX31, and HY5 that serves to fine-tune photomorphogenesis in response to light in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Tingting Yan
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiujie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yeting Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yueqin Heng
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fang Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xing Wang Deng
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dongqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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Mohanta TK, Yadav D, Khan A, Hashem A, Tabassum B, Khan AL, Abd_Allah EF, Al-Harrasi A. Genomics, molecular and evolutionary perspective of NAC transcription factors. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231425. [PMID: 32275733 PMCID: PMC7147800 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NAC (NAM, ATAF1,2, and CUC2) transcription factors are one of the largest transcription factor families found in the plants and are involved in diverse developmental and signalling events. Despite the availability of comprehensive genomic information from diverse plant species, the basic genomic, biochemical, and evolutionary details of NAC TFs have not been established. Therefore, NAC TFs family proteins from 160 plant species were analyzed in the current study. Study revealed, Brassica napus (410) encodes highest number and Klebsormidium flaccidum (3) encodes the lowest number of TFs. The study further revealed the presence of NAC TF in the Charophyte algae K. flaccidum. On average, the monocot plants encode higher number (141.20) of NAC TFs compared to the eudicots (125.04), gymnosperm (75), and bryophytes (22.66). Furthermore, our analysis revealed that several NAC TFs are membrane bound and contain monopartite, bipartite, and multipartite nuclear localization signals. NAC TFs were also found to encode several novel chimeric proteins and regulate a complex interactome network. In addition to the presence of NAC domain, several NAC proteins were found to encode other functional signature motifs as well. Relative expression analysis of NAC TFs in A. thaliana revealed root tissue treated with urea and ammonia showed higher level of expression and leaf tissues treated with urea showed lower level of expression. The synonymous codon usage is absent in the NAC TFs and it appears that they have evolved from orthologous ancestors and undergone vivid duplications to give rise to paralogous NAC TFs. The presence of novel chimeric NAC TFs are of particular interest and the presence of chimeric NAC domain with other functional signature motifs in the NAC TF might encode novel functional properties in the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Mohanta
- Natural and Medicinal Plant Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Dept. of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Adil Khan
- Natural and Medicinal Plant Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Abeer Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Mycology and Plant Disease Survey Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt
| | - Baby Tabassum
- Department of Zoology, Toxicology laboratory, Raza P.G. College, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medicinal Plant Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medicinal Plant Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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CUL3 BPM E3 ubiquitin ligases regulate MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 stability and JA responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:6205-6215. [PMID: 32123086 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1912199117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The jasmonate (JA)-pathway regulators MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 are central nodes in plant signaling networks integrating environmental and developmental signals to fine-tune JA defenses and plant growth. Continuous activation of MYC activity is potentially lethal. Hence, MYCs need to be tightly regulated in order to optimize plant fitness. Among the increasing number of mechanisms regulating MYC activity, protein stability is arising as a major player. However, how the levels of MYC proteins are modulated is still poorly understood. Here, we report that MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 are targets of BPM (BTB/POZ-MATH) proteins, which act as substrate adaptors of CUL3-based E3 ubiquitin ligases. Reduction of function of CUL3BPM in amiR-bpm lines, bpm235 triple mutants, and cul3ab double mutants enhances MYC2 and MYC3 stability and accumulation and potentiates plant responses to JA such as root-growth inhibition and MYC-regulated gene expression. Moreover, MYC3 polyubiquitination levels are reduced in amiR-bpm lines. BPM3 protein is stabilized by JA, suggesting a negative feedback regulatory mechanism to control MYC activity, avoiding harmful runaway responses. Our results uncover a layer for JA-pathway regulation by CUL3BPM-mediated degradation of MYC transcription factors.
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