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Zhao G, Liu W, Zhu H, Duan H, Nie J, Hong S, Wen J. The influence of prolonged but low intensity blue light on the physiological properties of root tubers and the accumulation of flavonoids in Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108824. [PMID: 38936072 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diel et Gilg is a perennial herbaceous plant native to subtropical China with multiple medicinal applications. Supplementing with low-density blue light (BL) for 45 days (3 h/day) can not only significantly increase the yields of root tubers but also significantly increase the flavonoid content and its antioxidant activity. The chlorophyll content in the leaves of T. hemsleyanum significantly decreased, but the photosynthetic efficiency significantly increased after reaching the light saturation point. The production rate of superoxide anion radical in the leaves reached the highest peak after 1.5 h in BL and decreased at 3 h. The H2O2 content in the leaves decreased significantly, while the H2O2 content in the root tubers increased significantly at 3 h in BL. The objective of this research was to determine how the scavenging system, including antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants, and flavonoids respond to the oxidative stress induced by BL in root tubers. After exposure to BL, significant differences in the activity of APX and SOD were observed in the leaves and tubers within 3 h. By analyzing the upregulated flavonoids metabolites and key genes in metabolic pathways through the combined analysis of the flavonoid metabolic group and transcriptome in the root tubers, the upregulated accumulation of flavanols was found to be the main reason for the improvement in the antioxidant properties of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Wenling Liu
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Huanping Duan
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Junnan Nie
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China
| | - Senrong Hong
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China; Shangrao Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, China
| | - Jing Wen
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, China; Shangrao Innovation Institute of Agricultural Technology, China.
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Holweg MMSF, Kaiser E, Kappers IF, Heuvelink E, Marcelis LFM. The role of red and white light in optimizing growth and accumulation of plant specialized metabolites at two light intensities in medical cannabis ( Cannabis sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1393803. [PMID: 38957608 PMCID: PMC11217568 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1393803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The cultivation of medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is expanding in controlled environments, driven by evolving governmental regulations for healthcare supply. Increasing inflorescence weight and plant specialized metabolite (PSM) concentrations is critical, alongside maintaining product consistency. Medical cannabis is grown under different spectra and photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD), the interaction between spectrum and PPFD on inflorescence weight and PSM attracts attention by both industrialists and scientists. Plants were grown in climate-controlled rooms without solar light, where four spectra were applied: two low-white spectra (7B-20G-73R/Narrow and 6B-19G-75R/2Peaks), and two high-white (15B-42G-43R/Narrow and 17B-40G-43R/Broad) spectra. The low-white spectra differed in red wavelength peaks (100% 660 nm, versus 50:50% of 640:660 nm), the high-white spectra differed in spectrum broadness. All four spectra were applied at 600 and 1200 μmol m-2 s-1. Irrespective of PPFD, white light with a dual red peak of 640 and 660 nm (6B-19G-75R/2Peaks) increased inflorescence weight, compared to white light with a single red peak of 660 nm (7B-20G-73R/Narrow) (tested at P = 0.1); this was associated with higher total plant dry matter production and a more open plant architecture, which likely enhanced light capture. At high PPFD, increasing white fraction and spectrum broadness (17B-40G-43R/Broad) produced similar inflorescence weights compared to white light with a dual red peak of 640 and 660 nm (6B-19G-75R/2Peaks). This was caused by an increase of both plant dry matter production and dry matter partitioning to the inflorescences. No spectrum or PPFD effects on cannabinoid concentrations were observed, although at high PPFD white light with a dual red peak of 640 and 660 nm (6B-19G-75R/2Peaks) increased terpenoid concentrations compared to the other spectra. At low PPFD, the combination of white light with 640 and 660 nm increased photosynthetic efficiency compared with white light with a single red peak of 660nm, indicating potential benefits in light use efficiency and promoting plant dry matter production. These results indicate that the interaction between spectrum and PPFD influences plant dry matter production. Dividing the light energy in the red waveband over both 640 and 660 nm equally shows potential in enhancing photosynthesis and plant dry matter production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elias Kaiser
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Iris F. Kappers
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ep Heuvelink
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Shen M, Wu L, Zhang Y, You R, Xiao J, Kang Y. Leaf litter from Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight leads to root rot outbreaks by Fusarium solani, hindering continuous cropping. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae068. [PMID: 38684466 PMCID: PMC11099666 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight (CA) is experiencing challenges with continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) due to soil-borne fungal pathogens. The leaf litter from CA is regularly incorporated into the soil after root harvesting, but the impact of this practice on pathogen outbreaks remains uncertain. In this study, a fungal strain D1, identified as Fusarium solani, was isolated and confirmed as a potential factor in CCO. Both leave extract (LE) and root extract (RE) were found to inhibit seed germination and the activities of plant defense-related enzymes. The combinations of extracts and D1 exacerbated these negative effects. Beyond promoting the proliferation of D1 in soil, the extracts also enhanced the hypha weight, spore number, and spore germination rate of D1. Compared to RE, LE exhibited a greater degree of promotion in the activities of pathogenesis-related enzymes in D1. Additionally, caffeic acid and ferulic acid were identified as potential active compounds. LE, particularly in combination with D1, induced a shift in the composition of fungal communities rather than bacterial communities. These findings indicate that the water extract of leaf litter stimulated the growth and proliferation of fungal strain D1, thereby augmenting its pathogenicity toward CA and ultimately contributing to the CCO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
| | - Limeng Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
| | - Yanzhou Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
| | - Ruiqiang You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
| | - Jiaxin Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Yijun Kang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224007, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Coastal Wetland Bioresources and Environmental Protection, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, 224007, China
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Mai H, Qin T, Wei H, Yu Z, Pang G, Liang Z, Ni J, Yang H, Tang H, Xiao L, Liu H, Liu T. Overexpression of OsACL5 triggers environmentally-dependent leaf rolling and reduces grain size in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:833-847. [PMID: 37965680 PMCID: PMC10955489 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Major polyamines include putrescine, spermidine, spermine and thermospermine, which play vital roles in growth and adaptation against environmental changes in plants. Thermospermine (T-Spm) is synthetised by ACL5. The function of ACL5 in rice is still unknown. In this study, we used a reverse genetic strategy to investigate the biological function of OsACL5. We generated several knockout mutants by pYLCRISPR/Cas9 system and overexpressing (OE) lines of OsACL5. Interestingly, the OE plants exhibited environmentally-dependent leaf rolling, smaller grains, lighter 1000-grain weight and reduction in yield per plot. The area of metaxylem vessels of roots and leaves of OE plants were significantly smaller than those of WT, which possibly caused reduction in leaf water potential, resulting in leaf rolling with rise in the environmental temperature and light intensity and decrease in humidity. Additionally, the T-Spm contents were markedly increased by over ninefold whereas the ethylene evolution was reduced in OE plants, suggesting that T-Spm signalling pathway interacts with ethylene pathway to regulate multiple agronomic characters. Moreover, the osacl5 exhibited an increase in grain length, 1000-grain weight, and yield per plot. OsACL5 may affect grain size via mediating the expression of OsDEP1, OsGS3 and OsGW2. Furthermore, haplotypes analysis indicated that OsACL5 plays a conserved function on regulating T-Spm levels during the domestication of rice. Our data demonstrated that identification of OsACL5 provides a theoretical basis for understanding the physiological mechanism of T-Spm which may play roles in triggering environmentally dependent leaf rolling; OsACL5 will be an important gene resource for molecular breeding for higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafu Mai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Gang Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhiman Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiansheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Haishan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Haiying Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lisi Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Huili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Taibo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro‐bioresourcesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life SciencesSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
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Charras Q, Rey P, Guillemain D, Dourguin F, Laganier H, Peschoux S, Molinié R, Ismaël M, Caffarri S, Rayon C, Jungas C. An efficient protocol for extracting thylakoid membranes and total leaf proteins from Posidonia oceanica and other polyphenol-rich plants. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:38. [PMID: 38468328 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01166-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extraction of thylakoids is an essential step in studying the structure of photosynthetic complexes and several other aspects of the photosynthetic process in plants. Conventional protocols have been developed for selected land plants grown in controlled conditions. Plants accumulate defensive chemical compounds such as polyphenols to cope with environmental stresses. When the polyphenol levels are high, their oxidation and cross-linking properties prevent thylakoid extraction. RESULTS In this study, we developed a method to counteract the hindering effects of polyphenols by modifying the grinding buffer with the addition of both vitamin C (VitC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG4000). This protocol was first applied to the marine plant Posidonia oceanica and then extended to other plants synthesizing substantial amounts of polyphenols, such as Quercus pubescens (oak) and Vitis vinifera (grapevine). Native gel analysis showed that photosynthetic complexes (PSII, PSI, and LHCII) can be extracted from purified membranes and fractionated comparably to those extracted from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, total protein extraction from frozen P. oceanica leaves was also efficiently carried out using a denaturing buffer containing PEG and VitC. CONCLUSIONS Our work shows that the use of PEG and VitC significantly improves the isolation of native thylakoids, native photosynthetic complexes, and total proteins from plants containing high amounts of polyphenols and thus enables studies on photosynthesis in various plant species grown in natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Charras
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, KTH University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pascal Rey
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, P&E Team, Aix-Marseille University, Saint Paul-Lez-Durance, France
| | - Dorian Guillemain
- CNRS, IRD, IRSTEA, OSU Institut Pythéas, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Fabian Dourguin
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Hugo Laganier
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sacha Peschoux
- UFR Informatique, mathématiques et mathématiques appliquées (IM2AG), Université Grenoble Alpes, Saint Martin d'Heres, France
| | - Roland Molinié
- UMR INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Amiens, France
| | - Marwa Ismaël
- UMR INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Amiens, France
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Rayon
- UMR INRAE 1158 Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro, BIOlogie des Plantes et Innovation (BIOPI), UPJV, Amiens, France
| | - Colette Jungas
- CEA, CNRS, BIAM, LGBP Team, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.
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Mehrez M, Lecampion C, Ke H, Gorsane F, Field B. Insights into the function of the chloroplastic ribosome-associated GTPase high frequency of lysogenization X in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT DIRECT 2024; 8:e559. [PMID: 38222931 PMCID: PMC10784650 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Ribosome-associated GTPases are conserved enzymes that participate in ribosome biogenesis and ribosome function. In bacteria, recent studies have identified HflX as a ribosome-associated GTPase that is involved in both ribosome biogenesis and recycling under stress conditions. Plants possess a chloroplastic HflX homolog, but its function remains unknown. Here, we characterized the role of HflX in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our findings show that HflX does not affect normal plant growth, nor does it play an essential role in acclimation to several different stresses, including heat, manganese, cold, and salt stress under the conditions tested. However, we found that HflX is required for plant resistance to chloroplast translational stress mediated by the antibiotic lincomycin. Our results suggest that HflX is a chloroplast ribosome-associated protein that may play a role in the surveillance of translation. These findings provide new insight into the function of HflX as a ribosome-associated GTPase in plants and highlight the importance of investigating conserved proteins in different organisms to gain a comprehensive understanding of their biological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Mehrez
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265MarseilleFrance
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
| | | | - Hang Ke
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265MarseilleFrance
| | - Faten Gorsane
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences of TunisUniversity of Tunis El ManarTunisTunisia
- Faculty of Sciences of BizerteUniversity of CarthageZarzounaTunisia
| | - Ben Field
- Aix‐Marseille Univ, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265MarseilleFrance
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Lambret‐Frotte J, Smith G, Langdale JA. GOLDEN2-like1 is sufficient but not necessary for chloroplast biogenesis in mesophyll cells of C 4 grasses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:416-431. [PMID: 37882077 PMCID: PMC10953395 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis. In land plants, chloroplast biogenesis is regulated by a family of transcription factors named GOLDEN2-like (GLK). In C4 grasses, it has been hypothesized that genome duplication events led to the sub-functionalization of GLK paralogs (GLK1 and GLK2) to control chloroplast biogenesis in two distinct cell types: mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Although previous characterization of golden2 (g2) mutants in maize has demonstrated a role for GLK2 paralogs in regulating chloroplast biogenesis in bundle sheath cells, the function of GLK1 has remained elusive. Here we show that, contrary to expectations, GLK1 is not required for chloroplast biogenesis in mesophyll cells of maize. Comparisons between maize and Setaria viridis, which represent two independent C4 origins within the Poales, further show that the role of GLK paralogs in controlling chloroplast biogenesis in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells differs between species. Despite these differences, complementation analysis revealed that GLK1 and GLK2 genes from maize are both sufficient to restore functional chloroplast development in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of S. viridis mutants. Collectively our results suggest an evolutionary trajectory in C4 grasses whereby both orthologs retained the ability to induce chloroplast biogenesis but GLK2 adopted a more prominent developmental role, particularly in relation to chloroplast activation in bundle sheath cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Lambret‐Frotte
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOX1 3RBOxfordUK
- Present address:
NIAB, Park FarmVilla Road, ImpingtonCB24 9NZCambridgeUK
| | - Georgia Smith
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOX1 3RBOxfordUK
| | - Jane A. Langdale
- Department of BiologyUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOX1 3RBOxfordUK
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Marín-Peña AJ, Vega-Mas I, Busturia I, de la Osa C, González-Moro MB, Monreal JA, Marino D. Root phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity is essential for Sorghum bicolor tolerance to ammonium nutrition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 206:108312. [PMID: 38154297 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC; EC 4.1.1.31) is an enzyme family with pivotal roles in plant carbon and nitrogen metabolism. A main role for non-photosynthetic PEPC is as anaplerotic enzyme to load tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle with carbon skeletons that compensate the intermediates diverted for biomolecule synthesis such as amino acids. When plants are grown under ammonium (NH4+) nutrition, the excessive uptake of NH4+ often provokes a stress situation. When plants face NH4+ stress, N assimilation is greatly induced and thus, requires the supply of carbon skeletons coming from TCA cycle. In this work, we addressed the importance of root PEPC and TCA cycle for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), a C4 cereal crop, grown under ammonium nutrition. To do so, we used RNAi sorghum lines that display a decrease expression of SbPPC3 (Ppc3 lines), the main root PEPC isoform, and reduced root PEPC activity. SbPPC3 silencing provoked ammonium hypersensitivity, meaning lower biomass accumulation in Ppc3 respect to WT plants when growing under ammonium nutrition. The silenced plants presented a deregulation of primary metabolism as highlighted by the accumulation of NH4+ in the root and the alteration of normal TCA functioning, which was evidenced by the accumulation of organic acids in the root under ammonium nutrition. Altogether, our work evidences the importance of non-photosynthetic PEPC, and root TCA cycle, in sorghum to deal with high external NH4+ availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Marín-Peña
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - I Vega-Mas
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - I Busturia
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - C de la Osa
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M B González-Moro
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - J A Monreal
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - D Marino
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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9
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Liu Z, Cheng Y, Chao Z. A Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Different Colors of Medicinal and Edible Honeysuckle. Foods 2023; 12:3126. [PMID: 37628125 PMCID: PMC10453482 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeysuckle (the dried flower bud or opening flower of Lonicera japonica Thunb.), a medicinal and edible substance, has is greatly popular among consumers for its remarkable health effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, due to the influences of processing methods, storage conditions, and other factors, honeysuckles show different colors which can directly reflect the quality and the price on the market. In order to comprehensively compare the quality of different colors, 55 batches of honeysuckle samples were collected and analyzed. Their color parameters, chlorophyll content (chl), total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), main active compounds, and metabolites were measured. As a result, the initial green-white (GW) samples, a kind of highest-quality honeysuckle, had the smallest a* value, largest h*, chl, TPC, TFC, and AA values, and highest content of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside. There was a significant difference between GW samples and a series of discolored samples. As the color darkened or lightened, the quality gradually decreased. The yellow-brown (YB) samples were of the worst quality and were no longer available for clinical and health purposes. A series of differential metabolites, such as quercetin-7-O-glucoside and secologanoside, could be used as important references to evaluate the quality of differently colored samples. The metabolic profile of honeysuckle provided new insights into the process of color change and laid a foundation for further honeysuckle quality control. The correlation results showed that the a* and h* values significantly affect the abovementioned quality indicators and the 10 main active compounds. In other words, the color difference could directly reflect the quality and clinical efficacy. Multiple regression analysis was carried out using combined L*, a*, and b* values to predict the quality of honeysuckle. This is the first time the quality of different color honeysuckle samples on the post-harvest link has been systematically compared and a demonstration of medicinal and edible substances with different colors has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhimao Chao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
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10
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Bos PR, Schiphorst C, Kercher I, Buis S, de Jong D, Vunderink I, Wientjes E. Spectral diversity of photosystem I from flowering plants. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 155:35-47. [PMID: 36260271 PMCID: PMC9792416 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00971-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) work together to convert solar energy into chemical energy. Whilst a lot of research has been done to unravel variability of PSII fluorescence in response to biotic and abiotic factors, the contribution of PSI to in vivo fluorescence measurements has often been neglected or considered to be constant. Furthermore, little is known about how the absorption and emission properties of PSI from different plant species differ. In this study, we have isolated PSI from five plant species and compared their characteristics using a combination of optical and biochemical techniques. Differences have been identified in the fluorescence emission spectra and at the protein level, whereas the absorption spectra were virtually the same in all cases. In addition, the emission spectrum of PSI depends on temperature over a physiologically relevant range from 280 to 298 K. Combined, our data show a critical comparison of the absorption and emission properties of PSI from various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Bos
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christo Schiphorst
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Kercher
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sieka Buis
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Djanick de Jong
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Vunderink
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emilie Wientjes
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8128, 6700 ET, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Jing S, Li Y, Zhu L, Su J, Yang T, Liu B, Ma B, Ma F, Li M, Zhang M. Transcriptomics and metabolomics reveal effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and development of apple plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1052464. [PMID: 36388499 PMCID: PMC9641280 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1052464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants form a symbiotic relationship that promotes plant growth and development. However, the regulatory mechanisms through which AMF promote plant growth and development are largely unexplored. In this study, the apple rootstock M26 was assessed physiologically, transcriptionally and metabolically when grown with and without AMF inoculation. AMF significantly promoted the number of lateral root (LR) increase and shoot elongation. Root transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that AMF promoted lateral root development mainly by affecting glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and hormone metabolism. Shoot transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that AMF promoted shoot elongation mainly by affecting hormone metabolism and the expression of genes associated with cell morphogenesis. To investigate whether shoot elongation is caused by root development, we analyzed the root/shoot dry weight ratio. There was a correlation between shoot growth and root development, but analysis of root and shoot metabolites showed that the regulation of AMF on plant shoot metabolites is independent of root growth. Our study bridged the gap in the field of growth and development related to AMF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mingjun Li
- *Correspondence: Mingjun Li, ; Manrang Zhang,
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12
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Elsayed A, Abdelsattar AM, Heikal YM, El-Esawi MA. Synergistic effects of Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus cereus on plant growth, biochemical attributes and molecular genetic regulation of steviol glycosides biosynthetic genes in Stevia rebaudiana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 189:24-34. [PMID: 36041365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to scale up the favorable bio-stimulants for enhancing the growth and breeding strategies of Stevia rebaudiana to increase sugar productivity. Inoculation of 45-day-old S. rebaudiana plantlets with Bacillus cereus and Azospirillum brasilense alone or in combination for 30 days allowed comparisons among their effects on enhancement and improvement of plant growth, production of bioactive compounds and expression of steviol glycoside genes. B. cereus SrAM1 isolated from surface-sterilized Stevia rebaudiana leaves was molecularly identified using 16s rRNA and tested for its ability to promote plant growth. Beneficial endophytic B. cereus SrAM1 induced all plant growth-promoting traits, except solubilization of phosphate, therefore it showed high effectiveness in the promotion of growth and production of bioactive compounds. Treatment of plants with B. cereus SrAM1 alone revealed carbohydrates content of 278.99 mg/g, total soluble sugar of 114.17 mg/g, total phenolics content of 34.05 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight) and total antioxidants activity of 32.33 mg (A.A)/g dry weight). Thus, plantlets inoculated with B. cereus SrAM1 alone exhibited the greatest responses in physiological and morphological parameters, but plantlets inoculated with B. cereus SrAM1 + A. brasilense showed a maximal upregulation of genes responsible for the biosynthesis of steviol glycosides (Kaurene oxidase, ent-KO; UDP-dependent glycosyl transferases of UGT85C2, UGT74G1, UGT76G1). Taken together, the used bacterial strains, particularly B. cereus SrAM1 could significantly improve the growth of S. rebaudiana via dynamic interactions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Elsayed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amal M Abdelsattar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Yasmin M Heikal
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A El-Esawi
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
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