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Lai X, Wang M, Zhang Z, Chen S, Tan X, Liu W, Liang H, Li L, Shao L. ZNPs reduce epidermal mechanical strain resistance by promoting desmosomal cadherin endocytosis via mTORC1-TFEB-BLOC1S3 axis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:312. [PMID: 38840221 PMCID: PMC11151536 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNPs) are widely used in sunscreens and nanomedicines, and it was recently confirmed that ZNPs can penetrate stratum corneum into deep epidermis. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the impact of ZNPs on epidermis. In this study, ZNPs were applied to mouse skin at a relatively low concentration for one week. As a result, desmosomes in epidermal tissues were depolymerized, epidermal mechanical strain resistance was reduced, and the levels of desmosomal cadherins were decreased in cell membrane lysates and increased in cytoplasmic lysates. This finding suggested that ZNPs promote desmosomal cadherin endocytosis, which causes desmosome depolymerization. In further studies, ZNPs were proved to decrease mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity, activate transcription factor EB (TFEB), upregulate biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle complex 1 subunit 3 (BLOC1S3) and consequently promote desmosomal cadherin endocytosis. In addition, the key role of mTORC1 in ZNP-induced decrease in mechanical strain resistance was determined both in vitro and in vivo. It can be concluded that ZNPs reduce epidermal mechanical strain resistance by promoting desmosomal cadherin endocytosis via the mTORC1-TFEB-BLOC1S3 axis. This study helps elucidate the biological effects of ZNPs and suggests that ZNPs increase the risk of epidermal fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Lai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Menglei Wang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Suya Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua school of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiner Tan
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huimin Liang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Li Li
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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2
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Seo T, Lowery AM, Xu H, Giang W, Troyanovsky SM, Vincent PA, Kowalczyk AP. MARCH family E3 ubiquitin ligases selectively target and degrade cadherin family proteins. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0290485. [PMID: 38722959 PMCID: PMC11081302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadherin family proteins play a central role in epithelial and endothelial cell-cell adhesion. The dynamic regulation of cell adhesion is achieved in part through endocytic membrane trafficking pathways that modulate cadherin cell surface levels. Here, we define the role for various MARCH family ubiquitin ligases in the regulation of cadherin degradation. We find that MARCH2 selectively downregulates VE-cadherin, resulting in loss of adherens junction proteins at cell borders and a loss of endothelial barrier function. Interestingly, N-cadherin is refractory to MARCH ligase expression, demonstrating that different classical cadherin family proteins are differentially regulated by MARCH family ligases. Using chimeric cadherins, we find that the specificity of different MARCH family ligases for different cadherins is conferred by the cadherin transmembrane domain. Further, juxta-membrane lysine residues are required for cadherin degradation by MARCH proteins. These findings expand our understanding of cadherin regulation and highlight a new role for mammalian MARCH family ubiquitin ligases in differentially regulating cadherin turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiko Seo
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. Lowery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Haifang Xu
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William Giang
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sergey M. Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Vincent
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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3
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Guo H, Zhou C, Zheng M, Zhang J, Wu H, He Q, Ding L, Yang B. Insights into the role of derailed endocytic trafficking pathway in cancer: From the perspective of cancer hallmarks. Pharmacol Res 2024; 201:107084. [PMID: 38295915 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
The endocytic trafficking pathway is a highly organized cellular program responsible for the regulation of membrane components and uptake of extracellular substances. Molecules internalized into the cell through endocytosis will be sorted for degradation or recycled back to membrane, which is determined by a series of sorting events. Many receptors, enzymes, and transporters on the membrane are strictly regulated by endocytic trafficking process, and thus the endocytic pathway has a profound effect on cellular homeostasis. However, the endocytic trafficking process is typically dysregulated in cancers, which leads to the aberrant retention of receptor tyrosine kinases and immunosuppressive molecules on cell membrane, the loss of adhesion protein, as well as excessive uptake of nutrients. Therefore, hijacking endocytic trafficking pathway is an important approach for tumor cells to obtain advantages of proliferation and invasion, and to evade immune attack. Here, we summarize how dysregulated endocytic trafficking process triggers tumorigenesis and progression from the perspective of several typical cancer hallmarks. The impact of endocytic trafficking pathway to cancer therapy efficacy is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Guo
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghai Wu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiaojun He
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ling Ding
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Nanhu Brain-computer Interface Institute, Hangzhou 311100, China.
| | - Bo Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou 310015, China; The Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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4
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Wu L, Xiao J, Yi D, Ding H, Wang R, Duan Z, Liu Z, Shi X, Shen M, Sang J. Cytosolic Cadherin 4 promotes angiogenesis and metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer by suppressing the ubiquitination/degradation of β-catenin. J Transl Med 2024; 22:201. [PMID: 38402159 PMCID: PMC10894493 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the long-term prognosis of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is favorable, distant metastasis significantly compromises the prognosis and quality of life for patients with PTC. The Cadherin family plays a pivotal role in tumor metastasis; however, the involvement of Cadherin 4 (CDH4) in the metastatic cascade remains elusive. METHODS The expression and subcellular localization of CDH4 were determined through immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blot analyses. The impact of CDH4 on cell migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis was assessed using transwell assays, tube formation assays, and animal experiments. Immunoprecipitation assay and mass spectrometry were employed to examine protein associations. The influence of CDH4 on the subcellular expression of β-catenin and active β-catenin was investigated via western blotting and immunofluorescence. Protein stability and ubiquitination assay were employed to verify the impact of CDH4 on β-catenin degradation. Rescue experiments were performed to ensure the significance of CDH4 in regulating nuclear β-catenin signaling. RESULTS CDH4 was found to be significantly overexpressed in PTC tissues and predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, the overexpression of CDH4 in tumor tissues is associated with lymph node metastasis in PTC patients. Cytosolic CDH4 promoted the migration, invasion, and lung metastasis of PTC cells and stimulated the angiogenesis and tumorigenesis of PTC; however, this effect could be reversed by Tegavivint, an antagonist of β-catenin. Mechanistically, cytosolic CDH4 disrupted the interaction between β-catenin and β-TrCP1, consequently impeding the ubiquitination process of β-catenin and activating the nuclear β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSIONS CDH4 induces PTC angiogenesis and metastasis via the inhibition of β-TrCP1-dependent ubiquitination of β-Catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Wu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dandan Yi
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haoran Ding
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zehua Duan
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijian Liu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xianbiao Shi
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meiping Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jianfeng Sang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Wang T, Song Y, Yang L, Liu W, He Z, Shi Y, Song B, Yu Z. Photobiomodulation Facilitates Rat Cutaneous Wound Healing by Promoting Epidermal Stem Cells and Hair Follicle Stem Cells Proliferation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:65-79. [PMID: 37882982 PMCID: PMC10764690 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous wound healing represents a common fundamental phenomenon requiring the participation of cells of distinct types and a major concern for the public. Evidence has confirmed that photobiomodulation (PBM) using near-infrared (NIR) can promote wound healing, but the cells involved and the precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. METHODS Full-thickness skin defects with a diameter of 1.0 cm were made on the back of rats and randomly divided into the control group, 10 J, 15 J, and 30 J groups. The wound healing rate at days 4, 8, and 12 postoperatively was measured. HE and Masson staining was conducted to reveal the histological characteristics. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to label the epidermal stem cells (ESCs) and hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). Western blot was performed to detect the expressions of proteins associated with ESCs and HFSCs. Cutaneous wound tissues were collected for RNA sequencing. Gene ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis was performed, and the hub genes were identified using CytoHubba and validated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS PBM can promote reepithelialization, extracellular matrix deposition, and wound healing, increase the number of KRT14+/PCNA+ ESCs and KRT15+/PCNA+ HFSCs, and upregulate the protein expression of P63, Krt14, and PCNA. Three hundred and sixty-six differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7 hub genes including Sox9, Krt5, Epcam, Cdh1, Cdh3, Dsp, and Pkp3 were identified. These DEGs are enriched in skin development, cell junction, and cadherin binding involved in cell-cell adhesion etc., while these hub genes are related to skin derived stem cells and cell adhesion. CONCLUSION PBM accelerates wound healing by enhancing reepithelialization through promoting ESCs and HFSCs proliferation and elevating the expression of genes associated with stem cells and cell adhesion. This may provide a valuable alternative strategy to promote wound healing and reepithelialization by modulating the proliferation of skin derived stem cells and regulating genes related to cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yajuan Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhen'an He
- Shaanxi Institute of Medical Device Quality Inspection, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Baoqiang Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Zhou Yu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Gulia S, Chandra P, Das A. The Prognosis of Cancer Depends on the Interplay of Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Anoikis within the Tumor Microenvironment. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:621-658. [PMID: 37787970 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01179-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Within the tumor microenvironment, the fight between the immune system and cancer influences tumor transformation. Metastasis formation is an important stage in the progression of cancer. This process is aided by cellular detachment and resistance to anoikis, which are achieved by altering intercellular signaling. Autophagy, specifically pro-survival autophagy, aids cancer cells in developing treatment resistance. Numerous studies have shown that autophagy promotes tumor growth and resistance to anoikis. To regulate protective autophagy, cancer-related genes phosphorylate both pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Apoptosis, a type of controlled cell death, eliminates damaged or unwanted cells. Anoikis is a type of programmed cell death in which cells lose contact with the extracellular matrix. The dysregulation of these cellular pathways promotes tumor growth and spread. Apoptosis, anoikis, and autophagy interact meticulously and differently depending on the cellular circumstances. For instance, autophagy can protect cancer cells from apoptosis by removing cellular components that are damaged and might otherwise trigger apoptotic pathways. Similarly, anoikis dysregulation can trigger autophagy by causing cellular harm and metabolic stress. In order to prevent or treat metastatic disease, specifically, targeting these cellular mechanisms may present a promising prospect for cancer therapy. This review discourses the state of our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying tumor transformation and the establishment of metastatic tumors. To enhance the prognosis for cancer, we highlight and discuss potential therapeutic approaches that target these processes and genes involved in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Gulia
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Prakash Chandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Asmita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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7
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Seo T, Lowery AM, Xu H, Giang W, Troyanovsky SM, Vincent PA, Kowalczyk AP. MARCH family E3 ubiquitin ligases selectively target and degrade cadherin family proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.10.552739. [PMID: 37609155 PMCID: PMC10441400 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.10.552739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Cadherin family proteins play a central role in epithelial and endothelial cell-cell adhesion. The dynamic regulation of cell adhesion is achieved in part through endocytic membrane trafficking pathways that modulate cadherin cell surface levels. Here, we define the role for various MARCH family ubiquitin ligases in the regulation of cadherin degradation. We find that MARCH2 selectively downregulates VE-cadherin, resulting in loss of adherens junction proteins at cell borders and a loss of endothelial barrier function. Interestingly, N-cadherin is refractory to MARCH ligase expression, demonstrating that different classical cadherin family proteins are differentially regulated by MARCH family ligases. Using chimeric cadherins, we find that the specificity of different MARCH family ligases for different cadherins is conferred by the cadherin transmembrane domain. Further, juxta-membrane lysine residues are required for cadherin degradation by MARCH proteins. These findings expand our understanding of cadherin regulation and highlight a new role for mammalian MARCH family ubiquitin ligases in differentially regulating cadherin turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadahiko Seo
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Anthony M. Lowery
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Haifang Xu
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - William Giang
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sergey M. Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Vincent
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Andrew P. Kowalczyk
- Departments of Dermatology and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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8
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Zhao X, Li X, Sun W, Wei Z, Yu M, Zhang M, Tian R. Case report: "Major fetal cardiac pathology associated with a novel CTNND1 mutation". Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1180381. [PMID: 37274823 PMCID: PMC10235691 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1180381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The p120-ctn protein, encoded by CTNND1, is involved in intercellular connections and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. CTNND1 mutations can lead to blepharocheilodontic syndrome (BCDS). Increasing evidence shows that although BCDS mainly manifests as craniofacial and oral deformities, it can also present as congenital heart disease, limb deformities, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Case description We report a prenatal case of a major cardiac malformation at 24+3 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound examination revealed a hypoplastic left ventricular, aortic coarctation, and a ventricular septal defect. Genetic analysis of the fetal tissues showed the presence of a novel mutation in CTNND1 (NM_001085458.2: c.566_c.567insG; p.Pro190fs*15), which may lead to premature termination of protein coding, while both the parents harbored wild-type CTNND1. To date, only 15 CTNND1 mutations have been reported in 19 patients worldwide, of which approximately 31% (6/19) had a cardiac phenotype. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of fetal complicated cardiac malformations caused by this CTNND1 mutation. Our findings provide new clinical references for prenatal diagnosis and suggest an important role for CTNND1 in early cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuliang Zhao
- Department of Laboratory, The 901th Hospital of the Joint Service of the People's Liberation Army, Hefei, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Radiology, Anhui Children’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Medical, Beijing Chigne Translational Medicine Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuojun Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 901th Hospital of the Joint Service of the People's Liberation Army, Hefei, China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 901th Hospital of the Joint Service of the People's Liberation Army, Hefei, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Laboratory, The 901th Hospital of the Joint Service of the People's Liberation Army, Hefei, China
| | - Ruixia Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The 901th Hospital of the Joint Service of the People's Liberation Army, Hefei, China
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9
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Troyanovsky SM. Adherens junction: the ensemble of specialized cadherin clusters. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:374-387. [PMID: 36127186 PMCID: PMC10020127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell-cell connections in adherens junctions (AJs) are mediated by transmembrane receptors, type I cadherins (referred to here as cadherins). These cadherin-based connections (or trans bonds) are weak. To upregulate their strength, cadherins exploit avidity, the increased affinity of binding between cadherin clusters compared with isolated monomers. Formation of such clusters is a unique molecular process that is driven by a synergy of direct and indirect cis interactions between cadherins located at the same cell. In addition to their role in adhesion, cadherin clusters provide structural scaffolds for cytosolic proteins, which implicate cadherin into different cellular activities and signaling pathways. The cluster lifetime, which depends on the actin cytoskeleton, and on the mechanical forces it generates, determines the strength of AJs and their plasticity. The key aspects of cadherin adhesion, therefore, cannot be understood at the level of isolated cadherin molecules, but should be discussed in the context of cadherin clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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10
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Hernandez-Perez I, Rubio J, Baumann A, Girao H, Ferrando M, Rebollo E, Aragay AM, Geli MI. Kazrin promotes dynein/dynactin-dependent traffic from early to recycling endosomes. eLife 2023; 12:e83793. [PMID: 37096882 PMCID: PMC10181827 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Kazrin is a protein widely expressed in vertebrates whose depletion causes a myriad of developmental defects, in part derived from altered cell adhesion and migration, as well as failure to undergo epidermal to mesenchymal transition. However, the primary molecular role of kazrin, which might contribute to all these functions, has not been elucidated yet. We previously identified one of its isoforms, kazrin C, as a protein that potently inhibits clathrin-mediated endocytosis when overexpressed. We now generated kazrin knock-out mouse embryonic fibroblasts to investigate its endocytic function. We found that kazrin depletion delays juxtanuclear enrichment of internalized material, indicating a role in endocytic traffic from early to recycling endosomes. Consistently, we found that the C-terminal domain of kazrin C, predicted to be an intrinsically disordered region, directly interacts with several early endosome (EE) components, and that kazrin depletion impairs retrograde motility of these organelles. Further, we noticed that the N-terminus of kazrin C shares homology with dynein/dynactin adaptors and that it directly interacts with the dynactin complex and the dynein light intermediate chain 1. Altogether, the data indicate that one of the primary kazrin functions is to facilitate endocytic recycling by promoting dynein/dynactin-dependent transport of EEs or EE-derived transport intermediates to the recycling endosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Hernandez-Perez
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB, CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15BarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Rubio
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB, CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15BarcelonaSpain
| | - Adrian Baumann
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB, CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15BarcelonaSpain
| | - Henrique Girao
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB, CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15BarcelonaSpain
| | - Miriam Ferrando
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB, CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15BarcelonaSpain
| | - Elena Rebollo
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB, CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15BarcelonaSpain
| | - Anna M Aragay
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB, CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15BarcelonaSpain
| | - María Isabel Geli
- Institute for Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB, CSIC), Baldiri Reixac 15BarcelonaSpain
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11
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. E-Cadherin Expression in Relation to Clinicopathological Parameters and Survival of Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214383. [PMID: 36430858 PMCID: PMC9695266 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that loss/reduction of E-cadherin expression on tumor cells promotes their migration, invasiveness, and metastasis. It is also an indicator of cancer cells' aggressiveness. The aim of this study was to assess how the expression of E-cadherin varies in primary ovarian cancer tissue in regard to overall survival of patients; FIGO stage; grade; histopathological type of tumor; and potential factors discriminating malignant and nonmalignant ovarian tumors. Our analysis was based on literature research (1 January 2000-8 November 2021) conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Most studies support the assumption that loss/reduced expression of E-cadherin results in shorter overall survival of EOC patients. Moreover, most research has shown that there is a correlation between the low level of E-cadherin and the advancement stage of disease, especially in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma type. However, E-cadherin expression seems to not be helpful to distinguish malignant and nonmalignant tumors. In conclusion, reduced E-cadherin expression in primary ovarian cancer tissue may indicate a less favorable disease outcome and is associated with high advancement of the disease.
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12
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Silvani G, Bradbury P, Basirun C, Mehner C, Zalli D, Poole K, Chou J. Testing 3D printed biological platform for advancing simulated microgravity and space mechanobiology research. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:19. [PMID: 35662260 PMCID: PMC9166742 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The advancement of microgravity simulators is helping many researchers better understanding the impact of the mechanically unloaded space environment on cellular function and disfunction. However, performing microgravity experiments on Earth, using simulators such as the Random Positioning Machine, introduces some unique practical challenges, including air bubble formation and leakage of growth medium from tissue culture flask and plates, all of which limit research progress. Here, we developed an easy-to-use hybrid biological platform designed with the precision of 3D printing technologies combined with PDMS microfluidic fabrication processes to facilitate reliable and reproducible microgravity cellular experiments. The system has been characterized for applications in the contest of brain cancer research by exposing glioblastoma and endothelial cells to 24 h of simulated microgravity condition to investigate the triggered mechanosensing pathways involved in cellular adaptation to the new environment. The platform demonstrated compatibility with different biological assays, i.e., proliferation, viability, morphology, protein expression and imaging of molecular structures, showing advantages over the conventional usage of culture flask. Our results indicated that both cell types are susceptible when the gravitational vector is disrupted, confirming the impact that microgravity has on both cancer and healthy cells functionality. In particular, we observed deactivation of Yap-1 molecule in glioblastoma cells and the remodeling of VE-Cadherin junctional protein in endothelial cells. The study provides support for the application of the proposed biological platform for advancing space mechanobiology research, also highlighting perspectives and strategies for developing next generation of brain cancer molecular therapies, including targeted drug delivery strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Silvani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Peta Bradbury
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Mechanics and Genetics of Embryonic and Tumoral Development Group, Paris, France
| | - Carin Basirun
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Christine Mehner
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Detina Zalli
- Institute of Continuing Education, University of Cambridge, Camridge, UK
| | - Kate Poole
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joshua Chou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia.
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13
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Tanasic D, Berns N, Riechmann V. Myosin V facilitates polarised E-cadherin secretion. Traffic 2022; 23:374-390. [PMID: 35575181 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
E-cadherin has a fundamental role in epithelial tissues by providing cell-cell adhesion. Polarised E-cadherin exocytosis to the lateral plasma membrane is central for cell polarity and epithelial homeostasis. Loss of E-cadherin secretion compromises tissue integrity and is a prerequisite for metastasis. Despite this pivotal role of E-cadherin secretion, the transport mechanism is still unknown. Here we identify Myosin V as the motor for E-cadherin secretion. Our data reveal that Myosin V and F-actin are required for the formation of a continuous apicolateral E-cadherin belt, the zonula adherens. We show by live imaging how Myosin V transports E-cadherin vesicles to the plasma membrane, and distinguish two distinct transport tracks: an apical actin network leading to the zonula adherens and parallel actin bundles leading to the basal-most region of the lateral membrane. E-cadherin secretion starts in endosomes, where Rab11 and Sec15 recruit Myosin V for transport to the zonula adherens. We also shed light on the endosomal sorting of E-cadherin by showing how Rab7 and Snx16 cooperate in moving E-cadherin into the Rab11 compartment. Thus, our data help to understand how polarised E-cadherin secretion maintains epithelial architecture and prevents metastasis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Tanasic
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nicola Berns
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Veit Riechmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Division of Signaling and Functional Genomics at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, Mannheim, Germany
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14
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Ramírez Moreno M, Bulgakova NA. The Cross-Talk Between EGFR and E-Cadherin. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:828673. [PMID: 35127732 PMCID: PMC8811214 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.828673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and adhesion protein E-cadherin are major regulators of proliferation and differentiation in epithelial cells. Consistently, defects in both EGFR and E-cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion are linked to various malignancies. These defects in either are further exacerbated by the reciprocal interactions between the two transmembrane proteins. On the one hand, EGFR can destabilize E-cadherin adhesion by increasing E-cadherin endocytosis, modifying its interactions with cytoskeleton and decreasing its expression, thus promoting tumorigenesis. On the other hand, E-cadherin regulates EGFR localization and tunes its activity. As a result, loss and mutations of E-cadherin promote cancer cell invasion due to uncontrolled activation of EGFR, which displays enhanced surface motility and changes in endocytosis. In this minireview, we discuss the molecular and cellular mechanisms of the cross-talk between E-cadherin and EGFR, highlighting emerging evidence for the role of endocytosis in this feedback, as well as its relevance to tissue morphogenesis, homeostasis and cancer progression.
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15
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The Autophagic Route of E-Cadherin and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246328. [PMID: 34944948 PMCID: PMC8699259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A hallmark of carcinoma progression is the loss of epithelial integrity. In this context, the deregulation of adhesion molecules, such as E-cadherin, affects epithelial structures and associates with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). This, in turn, fosters cancer progression. Autophagy endows cancer cells with the ability to overcome intracellular and environmental stress stimuli, such as anoikis, nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, and drugs. Furthermore, it plays an important role in the degradation of cell adhesion proteins and in EMT. This review focuses on the interplay between the turnover of adhesion molecules, primarily E-cadherin, and autophagy in cancer progression. Abstract Cell-to-cell adhesion is a key element in epithelial tissue integrity and homeostasis during embryogenesis, response to damage, and differentiation. Loss of cell adhesion and gain of mesenchymal features, a phenomenon known as epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), are essential steps in cancer progression. Interestingly, downregulation or degradation by endocytosis of epithelial adhesion molecules (e.g., E-cadherin) associates with EMT and promotes cell migration. Autophagy is a physiological intracellular degradation and recycling process. In cancer, it is thought to exert a tumor suppressive role in the early phases of cell transformation but, once cells have gained a fully transformed phenotype, autophagy may fuel malignant progression by promoting EMT and conferring drug resistance. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between autophagy, EMT, and turnover of epithelial cell adhesion molecules, with particular attention to E-cadherin.
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16
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Sisto M, Ribatti D, Lisi S. Cadherin Signaling in Cancer and Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413358. [PMID: 34948155 PMCID: PMC8704376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins mediate cell–cell adhesion through a dynamic process that is strongly dependent on the cellular context and signaling. Cadherin regulation reflects the interplay between fundamental cellular processes, including morphogenesis, proliferation, programmed cell death, surface organization of receptors, cytoskeletal organization, and cell trafficking. The variety of molecular mechanisms and cellular functions regulated by cadherins suggests that we have only scratched the surface in terms of clarifying the functions mediated by these versatile proteins. Altered cadherins expression is closely connected with tumorigenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-dependent fibrosis, and autoimmunity. We review the current understanding of how cadherins contribute to human health and disease, considering the mechanisms of cadherin involvement in diseases progression, as well as the clinical significance of cadherins as therapeutic targets.
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Ikezaki M, Nishitsuji K, Matsumura K, Manabe S, Shibukawa Y, Wada Y, Ito Y, Ihara Y. C-Mannosylated tryptophan-containing WSPW peptide binds to actinin-4 and alters E-cadherin subcellular localization in lung epithelial-like A549 cells. Biochimie 2021; 192:136-146. [PMID: 34673139 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Trp-x-x-Trp (W-x-x-W) peptide motif, a consensus site for C-mannosylation, is the functional motif in cytokine type I receptors or thrombospondin type I repeat (TSR) superfamily proteins. W-x-x-W motifs are important for physiological and pathological functions of their parental proteins, but effects of C-mannosylation on protein functions remain to be elucidated. By using chemically synthesized WSPW peptides and C-mannosylated WSPW peptides (C-Man-WSPW), we herein investigated whether C-mannosylation of WSPW peptides confer additional biological functions to WSPW peptides. C-Man-WSPW peptide, but not non-mannosylated WSPW, reduced E-cadherin levels in A549 cells. Via peptide mass fingerprinting analysis, we identified actinin-4 as a C-Man-WSPW-binding protein in A549 cells. Actinin-4 partly co-localized with E-cadherin or β-catenin, despite no direct interaction between actinin-4 and E-cadherin. C-Man-WSPW reduced co-localization of E-cadherin and actinin-4; non-mannosylated WSPW had no effect on localization. In actinin-4-knockdown cells, E-cadherin was upregulated and demonstrated a punctate staining pattern in the cytoplasm, which suggests that actinin-4 regulated cell-surface E-cadherin localization. Thus, C-mannosylation of WSPW peptides is required for interaction with actinin-4 that subsequently alters expression and subcellular localization of E-cadherin and morphology of epithelial-like cells. Our results therefore suggest a regulatory role of C-mannosylation of the W-x-x-W motif in interactions between the motif and its binding partner and will thereby enhance understanding of protein C-mannosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Ikezaki
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Kazuchika Nishitsuji
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Ko Matsumura
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yukinao Shibukawa
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Osaka Medical Center and Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan; Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ihara
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, 641-8509, Japan.
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18
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Noronha C, Ribeiro AS, Taipa R, Castro DS, Reis J, Faria C, Paredes J. Cadherin Expression and EMT: A Focus on Gliomas. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101328. [PMID: 34680444 PMCID: PMC8533397 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are calcium-binding proteins with a pivotal role in cell adhesion and tissue homeostasis. The cadherin-dependent mechanisms of cell adhesion and migration are exploited by cancer cells, contributing to tumor invasiveness and dissemination. In particular, cadherin switch is a hallmark of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, a complex development process vastly described in the progression of most epithelial cancers. This is characterized by drastic changes in cell polarity, adhesion, and motility, which lead from an E-cadherin positive differentiated epithelial state into a dedifferentiated mesenchymal-like state, prone to metastization and defined by N-cadherin expression. Although vastly explored in epithelial cancers, how these mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of other non-epithelial tumor types is poorly understood. Herein, the current knowledge on cadherin expression in normal development in parallel to tumor pathogenesis is reviewed, focusing on epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Emphasis is taken in the unascertained cadherin expression in CNS tumors, particularly in gliomas, where the potential contribution of an epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like process to glioma genesis and how this may be associated with changes in cadherin expression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Noronha
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; (C.N.); (J.R.)
- Cancer Metastasis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Ribeiro
- Cancer Metastasis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Taipa
- Neuropathology Unit, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal;
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diogo S. Castro
- Stem Cells & Neurogenesis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Joaquim Reis
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santo António, Centro Hospitalar Universitario do Porto, 4099-001 Porto, Portugal; (C.N.); (J.R.)
- Anatomy Department, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Faria
- Neurosurgery Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Norte, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
- IMM—Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Paredes
- Cancer Metastasis Group, i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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19
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Xie X, Kong J, Huang J, Zhou L, Jiang Y, Miao R, Yin F. Integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses to characterize the influence of the gill metabolism of Nibea albiflora on the response to Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Vet Parasitol 2021; 298:109533. [PMID: 34411977 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The parasite Cryptocaryon irritans causes massive losses in the marine fish culture industry and is one of the most threatening pathogens affecting teleost species. The acute death of infected fish is primarily caused by the destruction of gill cells, resulting in osmotic imbalance and respiratory stress. C. irritans has wide host specificity; however, the yellow drum Nibea albiflora is highly resistant to this parasite. Metabolomic approaches in combination with transcriptomic analysis were used to characterize the host immune reaction and metabolic changes in yellow drum in response to C. irritans infection and to identify the key genes and compounds in the gills that have the strongest contribution to disease resistance. The yellow drum was challenged with theronts at a median death rate (2050 theronts per gram fish). The samples were collected from the gills 24 h and 72 h after the infection (hpi). The results of metabolomic analysis indicated that metabolites involved in energy metabolism were predominantly downregulated. In contrast, a compensatory increase in the expression of the genes involved in the citric acid cycle and glycolysis was detected 24 hpi. The suppression of metabolites was alleviated after feed intake recovery 72 hpi. The levels of amino acids were decreased, and the expression of aminoacyl-tRNA was increased. Additionally, elevated levels of arachidonic acid derivatives, primarily prostaglandins, were responsible for anti-inflammatory, osmotic, and hypoxia regulations. Purine metabolism was also involved in the immune response via generation of reactive oxygen species catalyzed by xanthine oxidase. A significant increase in the generation of retinoic acid, which could enhance mucosal adaptive immunity by stimulating the synthesis of antibodies and accelerating the restoration of epithelial integrity, was observed at 72 hpi. This result was consistent with high expression of the genes related to secreted immunoglobulin T 72 hpi. In conclusion, the present study comprehensively described the key compounds and genes related to C. irritans infection in yellow drum gills. Biomarkers that were significantly changed during the infection may represent future targets for nutritional intervention to enhance host immunity against C. irritans infection and to accelerate disease recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Jindong Kong
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Jiashuang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Liyao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yunyan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Rujiang Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Fei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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20
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Phng LK, Belting HG. Endothelial cell mechanics and blood flow forces in vascular morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 120:32-43. [PMID: 34154883 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate cardiovascular system is made up by a hierarchically structured network of highly specialised blood vessels. This network emerges during early embryogenesis and evolves in size and complexity concomitant with embryonic growth and organ formation. Underlying this plasticity are actin-driven endothelial cell behaviours, which allow endothelial cells to change their shape and move within the vascular network. In this review, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in vascular network formation and how these intrinsic mechanisms are influenced by haemodynamic forces provided by pressurized blood flow. While most of this review focusses on in vivo evidence from zebrafish embryos, we also mention complementary findings obtained in other experimental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Kun Phng
- Laboratory for Vascular Morphogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Heinz-Georg Belting
- Department of Cell Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland.
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21
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A junctional PACSIN2/EHD4/MICAL-L1 complex coordinates VE-cadherin trafficking for endothelial migration and angiogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2610. [PMID: 33972531 PMCID: PMC8110786 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting relies on collective migration and coordinated rearrangements of endothelial leader and follower cells. VE-cadherin-based adherens junctions have emerged as key cell-cell contacts that transmit forces between cells and trigger signals during collective cell migration in angiogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern these processes and their functional importance for vascular development still remain unknown. We previously showed that the F-BAR protein PACSIN2 is recruited to tensile asymmetric adherens junctions between leader and follower cells. Here we report that PACSIN2 mediates the formation of endothelial sprouts during angiogenesis by coordinating collective migration. We show that PACSIN2 recruits the trafficking regulators EHD4 and MICAL-L1 to the rear end of asymmetric adherens junctions to form a recycling endosome-like tubular structure. The junctional PACSIN2/EHD4/MICAL-L1 complex controls local VE-cadherin trafficking and thereby coordinates polarized endothelial migration and angiogenesis. Our findings reveal a molecular event at force-dependent asymmetric adherens junctions that occurs during the tug-of-war between endothelial leader and follower cells, and allows for junction-based guidance during collective migration in angiogenesis. Communication between endothelial leader and follower cells during collective cell migration is crucial for vascular development. Here, the authors show that PACSIN2 guides collective cell migration and angiogenesis by recruiting a protein trafficking complex to asymmetric cell-cell junctions, controlling local junction plasticity.
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22
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Özsoy Ş, Vujovic F, Simonian M, Valova V, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Cannibalized erythroblasts accelerate developmental neurogenesis by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Cell Rep 2021; 35:108942. [PMID: 33826895 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic support was long considered to be the only developmental function of hematopoiesis, a view that is gradually changing. Here, we disclose a mechanism triggered during neurulation that programs brain development by donation of sacrificial yolk sac erythroblasts to neuroepithelial cells. At embryonic day (E) 8.5, neuroepithelial cells transiently integrate with the endothelium of yolk sac blood vessels and cannibalize intravascular erythroblasts as transient heme-rich endosymbionts. This cannibalistic behavior instructs precocious neuronal differentiation of neuroepithelial cells in the proximity of blood vessels. By experiments in vitro, we show that access to erythroblastic heme accelerates the pace of neurogenesis by induction of a truncated neurogenic differentiation program from a poised state. Mechanistically, the poised state is invoked by activation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain that leads to amplified production of reactive oxygen species in addition to omnipresent guanosine triphosphate (GTP) with consequential upregulation of pro-differentiation β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şükran Özsoy
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Filip Vujovic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary Simonian
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Valentina Valova
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Ramin M Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Grimsley-Myers CM, Isaacson RH, Cadwell CM, Campos J, Hernandes MS, Myers KR, Seo T, Giang W, Griendling KK, Kowalczyk AP. VE-cadherin endocytosis controls vascular integrity and patterning during development. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151601. [PMID: 32232465 PMCID: PMC7199849 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue morphogenesis requires dynamic intercellular contacts that are subsequently stabilized as tissues mature. The mechanisms governing these competing adhesive properties are not fully understood. Using gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we tested the role of p120-catenin (p120) and VE-cadherin (VE-cad) endocytosis in vascular development using mouse mutants that exhibit increased (VE-cadGGG/GGG) or decreased (VE-cadDEE/DEE) internalization. VE-cadGGG/GGG mutant mice exhibited reduced VE-cad-p120 binding, reduced VE-cad levels, microvascular hemorrhaging, and decreased survival. By contrast, VE-cadDEE/DEE mutants exhibited normal vascular permeability but displayed microvascular patterning defects. Interestingly, VE-cadDEE/DEE mutant mice did not require endothelial p120, demonstrating that p120 is dispensable in the context of a stabilized cadherin. In vitro, VE-cadDEE mutant cells displayed defects in polarization and cell migration that were rescued by uncoupling VE-cadDEE from actin. These results indicate that cadherin endocytosis coordinates cell polarity and migration cues through actin remodeling. Collectively, our results indicate that regulated cadherin endocytosis is essential for both dynamic cell movements and establishment of stable tissue architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin H Isaacson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Chantel M Cadwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jazmin Campos
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kenneth R Myers
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tadahiko Seo
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - William Giang
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Andrew P Kowalczyk
- Department of Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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24
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Role of Actin Cytoskeleton in E-cadherin-Based Cell–Cell Adhesion Assembly and Maintenance. J Indian Inst Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-020-00214-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Kunii M, Noguchi Y, Yoshimura SI, Kanda S, Iwano T, Avriyanti E, Atik N, Sato T, Sato K, Ogawa M, Harada A. SNAP23 deficiency causes severe brain dysplasia through the loss of radial glial cell polarity. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e201910080. [PMID: 33332551 PMCID: PMC7754684 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developing brain, the polarity of neural progenitor cells, termed radial glial cells (RGCs), is important for neurogenesis. Intercellular adhesions, termed apical junctional complexes (AJCs), at the apical surface between RGCs are necessary for cell polarization. However, the mechanism by which AJCs are established remains unclear. Here, we show that a SNARE complex composed of SNAP23, VAMP8, and Syntaxin1B has crucial roles in AJC formation and RGC polarization. Central nervous system (CNS)-specific ablation of SNAP23 (NcKO) results in mice with severe hypoplasia of the neocortex and no hippocampus or cerebellum. In the developing NcKO brain, RGCs lose their polarity following the disruption of AJCs and exhibit reduced proliferation, increased differentiation, and increased apoptosis. SNAP23 and its partner SNAREs, VAMP8 and Syntaxin1B, are important for the localization of an AJC protein, N-cadherin, to the apical plasma membrane of RGCs. Altogether, SNARE-mediated localization of N-cadherin is essential for AJC formation and RGC polarization during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Kunii
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yuria Noguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Yoshimura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kanda
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Iwano
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Erda Avriyanti
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Nur Atik
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Sato
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ken Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | | | - Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Traffic, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
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26
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Amable G, Martínez-León E, Picco ME, Nemirovsky SI, Rozengurt E, Rey O. Metformin inhibition of colorectal cancer cell migration is associated with rebuilt adherens junctions and FAK downregulation. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:8334-8344. [PMID: 32239671 PMCID: PMC7529638 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin, a central component of the adherens junction (AJ), is a single-pass transmembrane protein that mediates cell-cell adhesion. The loss of E-cadherin surface expression, and therefore cell-cell adhesion, leads to increased cell migration and invasion. Treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC)-derived cells (SW-480 and HT-29) with 2.0 mM metformin promoted a redistribution of cytosolic E-cadherin to de novo formed puncta along the length of the contacting membranes of these cells. Metformin also promoted translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane of p120-catenin, another core component of the AJs. Furthermore, E-cadherin and p120-catenin colocalized with β-catenin at cell-cell contacts. Western blot analysis of lysates of CRC-derived cells revealed a substantial metformin-induced increase in the level of p120-catenin as well as E-cadherin phosphorylation on Ser838/840 , a modification associated with β-catenin/E-cadherin interaction. These modifications in E-cadherin, p120-catenin and β-catenin localization suggest that metformin induces rebuilding of AJs in CRC-derived cells. Those modifications were accompanied by the inhibition of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), as revealed by a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of FAK at Tyr397 and paxillin at Tyr118 . These changes were associated with a reduction in the numbers, but an increase in the size, of focal adhesions and by the inhibition of cell migration. Overall, these observations indicate that metformin targets multiple pathways associated with CRC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Amable
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| | - Eduardo Martínez-León
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| | - María Elisa Picco
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
| | - Sergio I. Nemirovsky
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Unit of Signal Transduction and Gastrointestinal Cancer, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center and Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1768, USA
| | - Osvaldo Rey
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 1120, Argentina
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27
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Endo T. M-Ras is Muscle-Ras, Moderate-Ras, Mineral-Ras, Migration-Ras, and Many More-Ras. Exp Cell Res 2020; 397:112342. [PMID: 33130177 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Ras family of small GTPases comprises about 36 members in humans. M-Ras is related to classical Ras with regard to its regulators and effectors, but solely constitutes a subfamily among the Ras family members. Although classical Ras strongly binds Raf and highly activates the ERK pathway, M-Ras less strongly binds Raf and moderately but sustainedly activates the ERK pathway to induce neuronal differentiation. M-Ras also possesses specific effectors, including RapGEFs and the PP1 complex Shoc2-PP1c, which dephosphorylates Raf to activate the ERK pathway. M-Ras is highly expressed in the brain and plays essential roles in dendrite formation during neurogenesis, in contrast to the axon formation by R-Ras. M-Ras is also highly expressed in the bone and induces osteoblastic differentiation and transdifferentiation accompanied by calcification. Moreover, M-Ras elicits epithelial-mesenchymal transition-mediated collective and single cell migration through the PP1 complex-mediated ERK pathway activation. Activating missense mutations in the MRAS gene have been detected in Noonan syndrome, one of the RASopathies, and MRAS gene amplification occurs in several cancers. Furthermore, several SNPs in the MRAS gene are associated with coronary artery disease, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Therefore, M-Ras carries out a variety of cellular, physiological, and pathological functions. Further investigations may reveal more functions of M-Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Endo
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inageku, Chiba, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
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28
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Harwood MC, Dupzyk AJ, Inoue T, DiMaio D, Tsai B. p120 catenin recruits HPV to γ-secretase to promote virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008946. [PMID: 33085724 PMCID: PMC7577436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During internalization and trafficking, human papillomavirus (HPV) moves from the cell surface to the endosome where the transmembrane protease γ-secretase promotes insertion of the viral L2 capsid protein into the endosome membrane. Protrusion of L2 through the endosome membrane into the cytosol allows the recruitment of cytosolic host factors that target the virus to the Golgi en route for productive infection. How endosome-localized HPV is delivered to γ-secretase, a decisive infection step, is unclear. Here we demonstrate that cytosolic p120 catenin, likely via an unidentified transmembrane protein, interacts with HPV at early time-points during viral internalization and trafficking. In the endosome, p120 is not required for low pH-dependent disassembly of the HPV L1 capsid protein from the incoming virion. Rather, p120 is required for HPV to interact with γ-secretase-an interaction that ensures the virus is transported along a productive route. Our findings clarify an enigmatic HPV infection step and provide critical insights into HPV infection that may lead to new therapeutic strategies against HPV-induced diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Calypso Harwood
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Allison Jade Dupzyk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Takamasa Inoue
- Pathogen Research Section, Central Research Laboratory, Research and Development Division, Japan Blood Products Organization, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daniel DiMaio
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Billy Tsai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Martinez-Garay I. Molecular Mechanisms of Cadherin Function During Cortical Migration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:588152. [PMID: 33043020 PMCID: PMC7523180 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.588152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During development of the cerebral cortex, different types of neurons migrate from distinct origins to create the different cortical layers and settle within them. Along their way, migrating neurons use cell adhesion molecules on their surface to interact with other cells that will play critical roles to ensure that migration is successful. Radially migrating projection neurons interact primarily with radial glia and Cajal-Retzius cells, whereas interneurons originating in the subpallium follow a longer, tangential route and encounter additional cellular substrates before reaching the cortex. Cell-cell adhesion is therefore essential for the correct migration of cortical neurons. Several members of the cadherin superfamily of cell adhesion proteins, which mediate cellular interactions through calcium-dependent, mostly homophilic binding, have been shown to play important roles during neuronal migration of both projection neurons and interneurons. Although several classical cadherins and protocadherins are involved in this process, the most prominent is CDH2. This mini review will explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning cadherin function during cortical migration, including recent advances in our understanding of the control of adhesive strength through regulation of cadherin surface levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Martinez-Garay
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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30
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Ilina O, Gritsenko PG, Syga S, Lippoldt J, La Porta CAM, Chepizhko O, Grosser S, Vullings M, Bakker GJ, Starruß J, Bult P, Zapperi S, Käs JA, Deutsch A, Friedl P. Cell-cell adhesion and 3D matrix confinement determine jamming transitions in breast cancer invasion. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:1103-1115. [PMID: 32839548 PMCID: PMC7502685 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Plasticity of cancer invasion and metastasis depends on the ability of cancer cells to switch between collective and single-cell dissemination, controlled by cadherin-mediated cell-cell junctions. In clinical samples, E-cadherin-expressing and -deficient tumours both invade collectively and metastasize equally, implicating additional mechanisms controlling cell-cell cooperation and individualization. Here, using spatially defined organotypic culture, intravital microscopy of mammary tumours in mice and in silico modelling, we identify cell density regulation by three-dimensional tissue boundaries to physically control collective movement irrespective of the composition and stability of cell-cell junctions. Deregulation of adherens junctions by downregulation of E-cadherin and p120-catenin resulted in a transition from coordinated to uncoordinated collective movement along extracellular boundaries, whereas single-cell escape depended on locally free tissue space. These results indicate that cadherins and extracellular matrix confinement cooperate to determine unjamming transitions and stepwise epithelial fluidization towards, ultimately, cell individualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Ilina
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pavlo G Gritsenko
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Simon Syga
- Department of Innovative Computing, Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Lippoldt
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Caterina A M La Porta
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Biofisica, Milan, Italy
| | - Oleksandr Chepizhko
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Steffen Grosser
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manon Vullings
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Bakker
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jörn Starruß
- Department of Innovative Computing, Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Bult
- Department of Pathology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Zapperi
- Center for Complexity and Biosystems, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, Milan, Italy
| | - Josef A Käs
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Department of Innovative Computing, Centre for Information Services and High Performance Computing, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Friedl
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
- David H. Koch Center for Applied Genitourinary Cancers, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Cancer Genomics Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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31
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Greig J, Bulgakova NA. Arf6 determines tissue architecture by stabilizing intercellular adhesion. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190682. [PMID: 32829688 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Correct cell shape is indispensable for tissue architecture, with cell shape being determined by cortical actin and surface adhesion. The role of adhesion in remodelling tissue is to counteract the deformation of cells by force, resulting from actomyosin contractility, and to maintain tissue integrity. The dynamics of this adhesion are critical to the processes of cell shape formation and maintenance. Here, we show that the trafficking molecule Arf6 has a direct impact on cell elongation, by acting to stabilize E-cadherin-based adhesion complexes at the cell surface, in addition to its canonical role in endocytosis. We demonstrate that these functions of Arf6 are dependent on the molecule Flotillin1, which recruits Arf6 to the plasma membrane. Our data suggest that Arf6 and Flotillin1 operate in a pathway distinct from clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Altogether, we demonstrate that Arf6- and Flotillin1-dependent regulation of the dynamics of cell adhesion contribute to moulding tissue in vivo. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue 'Contemporary morphogenesis'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Greig
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Natalia A Bulgakova
- Department of Biomedical Science and Bateson Centre, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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32
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Damiano V, Spessotto P, Vanin G, Perin T, Maestro R, Santarosa M. The Autophagy Machinery Contributes to E-cadherin Turnover in Breast Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:545. [PMID: 32714931 PMCID: PMC7344152 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular catabolic process that is increasingly being recognized as a crucial factor in several human diseases including cancers. Mounting evidence suggests that autophagy allows tumor cells to overcome otherwise fatal stresses and to increase dissemination. Nevertheless, how autophagy controls these processes and in particular how it impinges on cell-cell adhesion is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of autophagy in the turnover of the epithelial adhesion molecule E-cadherin in the context of breast cancer. We demonstrated in breast cancer cell lines that autophagy impinges on E-cadherin expression and in the configuration of adherens junctions. Besides, we showed that E-cadherin colocalizes with LC3B and SQSTM1/p62, two components of the autophagosome machinery. Pull down and immunoprecipitation analyses provided evidence that E-cadherin and SQSTM1/p62 physically interact. Moreover, the physical closeness of E-cadherin and SQSTM1/p62 was demonstrated by proximity ligation assays in breast cancer cell lines and primary tumors. Finally, we proved that the silencing of SQSTM1/p62 diminished the E-cadherin/LC3B colocalization, further supporting the role of SQSTM1/p62 in E-cadherin delivery to autophagosomes. These findings suggest that the activation of autophagy, reported in breast cancers with poor prognosis and in dormant breast cancer cells, may contribute to the control of tumor progression via downmodulation of E-cadherin protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Damiano
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Paola Spessotto
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giulia Vanin
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberta Maestro
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Manuela Santarosa
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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33
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A self-sustaining endocytic-based loop promotes breast cancer plasticity leading to aggressiveness and pro-metastatic behavior. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3020. [PMID: 32541686 PMCID: PMC7296024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16836-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The subversion of endocytic routes leads to malignant transformation and has been implicated in human cancers. However, there is scarce evidence for genetic alterations of endocytic proteins as causative in high incidence human cancers. Here, we report that Epsin 3 (EPN3) is an oncogene with prognostic and therapeutic relevance in breast cancer. Mechanistically, EPN3 drives breast tumorigenesis by increasing E-cadherin endocytosis, followed by the activation of a β-catenin/TCF4-dependent partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), followed by the establishment of a TGFβ-dependent autocrine loop that sustains EMT. EPN3-induced partial EMT is instrumental for the transition from in situ to invasive breast carcinoma, and, accordingly, high EPN3 levels are detected at the invasive front of human breast cancers and independently predict metastatic rather than loco-regional recurrence. Thus, we uncover an endocytic-based mechanism able to generate TGFβ-dependent regulatory loops conferring cellular plasticity and invasive behavior.
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34
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Rizzelli F, Malabarba MG, Sigismund S, Mapelli M. The crosstalk between microtubules, actin and membranes shapes cell division. Open Biol 2020; 10:190314. [PMID: 32183618 PMCID: PMC7125961 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.190314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitotic progression is orchestrated by morphological and mechanical changes promoted by the coordinated activities of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane (PM). MTs assemble the mitotic spindle, which assists sister chromatid separation, and contact the rigid and tensile actomyosin cortex rounded-up underneath the PM. Here, we highlight the dynamic crosstalk between MTs, actin and cell membranes during mitosis, and discuss the molecular connections between them. We also summarize recent views on how MT traction forces, the actomyosin cortex and membrane trafficking contribute to spindle positioning in isolated cells in culture and in epithelial sheets. Finally, we describe the emerging role of membrane trafficking in synchronizing actomyosin tension and cell shape changes with cell–substrate adhesion, cell–cell contacts and extracellular signalling events regulating proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Grazia Malabarba
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Sigismund
- IEO, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-oncologia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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35
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Katsuno-Kambe H, Yap AS. Endocytosis, cadherins and tissue dynamics. Traffic 2020; 21:268-273. [PMID: 31912628 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
By happy chance, the founding of Traffic in 1999 coincided with a clutch of reports that documented the endocytosis and recycling of classical cadherin adhesion receptors. This stimulated a concerted effort to elucidate the molecular regulation of cadherin endocytosis and to identify its functional implications. In particular, endocytosis provided new perspectives to understand how cadherins are modulated during tissue morphogenesis. In this short article, we consider some of what we have learnt about this problem and identify open questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Katsuno-Kambe
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alpha S Yap
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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36
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Kassouf T, Larive RM, Morel A, Urbach S, Bettache N, Marcial Medina MC, Mèrezègue F, Freiss G, Peter M, Boissière-Michot F, Solassol J, Montcourrier P, Coopman P. The Syk Kinase Promotes Mammary Epithelial Integrity and Inhibits Breast Cancer Invasion by Stabilizing the E-Cadherin/Catenin Complex. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121974. [PMID: 31817924 PMCID: PMC6966528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
While first discovered in immunoreceptor signaling, the Syk protein kinase behaves as a tumor and metastasis suppressor in epithelial cells. Its reduced expression in breast and other carcinomas is correlated with decreased survival and increased metastasis risk, but its action mechanism remains largely unknown. Using phosphoproteomics we found that Syk phosphorylated E-cadherin and α-, β-, and p120-catenins on multiple tyrosine residues that concentrate at intercellular junctions. Increased Syk expression and activation enhanced E-cadherin/catenin phosphorylation, promoting their association and complex stability. In human breast cancer cells, Syk stimulated intercellular aggregation, E-cadherin recruitment and retention at adherens junctions, and promoted epithelial integrity, whereas it inhibited cell migration and invasion. Opposite effects were obtained with Syk knockdown or non-phosphorylatable mutant E-cadherin expression. Mechanistically, Syk stimulated the interaction of the E-cadherin/catenin complex with zonula occludens proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. Conditional Syk knockout in the lactating mouse mammary gland perturbed alveologenesis and disrupted E-cadherin localization at adherens junctions, corroborating the observations in cells. Hence, Syk is involved in the maintenance of the epithelial integrity of the mammary gland via the phosphorylation and stabilization of the E-cadherin/catenin adherens junction complex, thereby inhibiting cell migration and malignant tumor invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufic Kassouf
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
- CRBM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Romain Maxime Larive
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 avenue Charles Flahault - BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | - Anne Morel
- CRBM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France;
| | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Platform, IGF, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier, France;
| | - Nadir Bettache
- IBMM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 15 avenue Charles Flahault - BP 14491, 34093 Montpellier, France;
| | | | - Fabrice Mèrezègue
- BioMV Department, Université de Montpellier CC25000, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Gilles Freiss
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Marion Peter
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
| | | | - Jérôme Solassol
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Philippe Montcourrier
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
| | - Peter Coopman
- IRCM, Inserm, CNRS, Universit@#xE9; de Montpellier, ICM, 208 Rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; (T.K.); (R.M.L.); (G.F.); (M.P.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-467-61-3191
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Zheng S, West JJ, Yu CG, Harris TJC. Arf-GEF localization and function at myosin-rich adherens junctions via coiled-coil heterodimerization with an adaptor protein. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:3090-3103. [PMID: 31693432 PMCID: PMC6938242 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-10-0566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue dynamics require regulated interactions between adherens junctions and cytoskeletal networks. For example, myosin-rich adherens junctions recruit the cytohesin Arf-GEF Steppke, which down-regulates junctional tension and facilitates tissue stretching. We dissected this recruitment mechanism with structure–function and other analyses of Steppke and Stepping stone, an implicated adaptor protein. During Drosophila dorsal closure, Steppke’s coiled-coil domain was necessary and sufficient for junctional recruitment. Purified coiled-coil domains of Steppke and Stepping stone heterodimerized through a hydrophobic surface of the Steppke domain. This mapped surface was required for Steppke’s junctional localization and tissue regulation. Stepping stone colocalized with Steppke at junctions, and was required for junctional Steppke localization and proper tissue stretching. A second conserved region of Stepping stone was necessary and largely sufficient for junctional localization. Remarkably, this region could substitute for the Steppke coiled-coil domain for junction localization and regulation, suggesting the main role of the Steppke coiled-coil domain is linkage to the junctional targeting region of Stepping stone. Thus, coiled-coil heterodimerization with Stepping stone normally recruits Step to junctions. Intriguingly, Stepping stone’s junctional localization also seems partly dependent on Steppke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Zheng
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Junior J West
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Cao Guo Yu
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Tony J C Harris
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
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Beyond N-Cadherin, Relevance of Cadherins 5, 6 and 17 in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133373. [PMID: 31324051 PMCID: PMC6651558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-cell adhesion molecules (cadherins) and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion proteins (integrins) play a critical role in the regulation of cancer invasion and metastasis. Although significant progress has been made in the characterization of multiple members of the cadherin superfamily, most of the published work continues to focus in the switch E-/N-cadherin and its role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Here, we will discuss the structural and functional properties of a subset of cadherins (cadherin 17, cadherin 5 and cadherin 6) that have an RGD motif in the extracellular domains. This RGD motif is critical for the interaction with α2β1 integrin and posterior integrin pathway activation in cancer metastatic cells. However, other signaling pathways seem to be affected by RGD cadherin interactions, as will be discussed. The range of solid tumors with overexpression or "de novo" expression of one or more of these three cadherins is very wide (gastrointestinal, gynaecological and melanoma, among others), underscoring the relevance of these cadherins in cancer metastasis. Finally, we will discuss different evidences that support the therapeutic use of these cadherins by blocking their capacity to work as integrin ligands in order to develop new cures for metastatic patients.
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Tang LT, Diaz-Balzac CA, Rahman M, Ramirez-Suarez NJ, Salzberg Y, Lázaro-Peña MI, Bülow HE. TIAM-1/GEF can shape somatosensory dendrites independently of its GEF activity by regulating F-actin localization. eLife 2019; 8:38949. [PMID: 30694177 PMCID: PMC6370339 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic arbors are crucial for nervous system assembly, but the intracellular mechanisms that govern their assembly remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that the dendrites of PVD neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans are patterned by distinct pathways downstream of the DMA-1 leucine-rich transmembrane (LRR-TM) receptor. DMA-1/LRR-TM interacts through a PDZ ligand motif with the guanine nucleotide exchange factor TIAM-1/GEF in a complex with act-4/Actin to pattern higher order 4° dendrite branches by localizing F-actin to the distal ends of developing dendrites. Surprisingly, TIAM-1/GEF appears to function independently of Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity. A partially redundant pathway, dependent on HPO-30/Claudin, regulates formation of 2° and 3° branches, possibly by regulating membrane localization and trafficking of DMA-1/LRR-TM. Collectively, our experiments suggest that HPO-30/Claudin localizes the DMA-1/LRR-TM receptor on PVD dendrites, which in turn can control dendrite patterning by directly modulating F-actin dynamics through TIAM-1/GEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Th Tang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Carlos A Diaz-Balzac
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Maisha Rahman
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | | | - Yehuda Salzberg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Maria I Lázaro-Peña
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
| | - Hannes E Bülow
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, United States
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Tiwari P, Mrigwani A, Kaur H, Kaila P, Kumar R, Guptasarma P. Structural-Mechanical and Biochemical Functions of Classical Cadherins at Cellular Junctions: A Review and Some Hypotheses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1112:107-138. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wilson BJ, Allen JL, Caswell PT. Vesicle trafficking pathways that direct cell migration in 3D matrices and in vivo. Traffic 2018; 19:899-909. [PMID: 30054969 PMCID: PMC6282850 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration is a vital process in development and disease, and while the mechanisms that control motility are relatively well understood on two-dimensional surfaces, the control of cell migration in three dimensions (3D) and in vivo has only recently begun to be understood. Vesicle trafficking pathways have emerged as a key regulatory element in migration and invasion, with the endocytosis and recycling of cell surface cargos, including growth factor and chemokine receptors, adhesion receptors and membrane-associated proteases, being of major importance. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of how endocytic trafficking controls the availability and local activity of these cargoes to influence the movement of cells in 3D matrix and in developing organisms. In particular, we discuss how endocytic trafficking of different receptor classes spatially restricts signals and activity, usually to the leading edge of invasive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley J. Wilson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Jennifer L. Allen
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
| | - Patrick T. Caswell
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell‐Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUK
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42
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Schoenherr C, Frame MC, Byron A. Trafficking of Adhesion and Growth Factor Receptors and Their Effector Kinases. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2018; 34:29-58. [PMID: 30110558 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100617-062559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to macromolecules in the microenvironment is essential for the development and maintenance of tissues, and its dysregulation can lead to a range of disease states, including inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer. The biomechanical and biochemical mechanisms that mediate cell adhesion rely on signaling by a range of effector proteins, including kinases and associated scaffolding proteins. The intracellular trafficking of these must be tightly controlled in space and time to enable effective cell adhesion and microenvironmental sensing and to integrate cell adhesion with, and compartmentalize it from, other cellular processes, such as gene transcription, protein degradation, and cell division. Delivery of adhesion receptors and signaling proteins from the plasma membrane to unanticipated subcellular locales is revealing novel biological functions. Here, we review the expected and unexpected trafficking, and sites of activity, of adhesion and growth factor receptors and intracellular kinase partners as we begin to appreciate the complexity and diversity of their spatial regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schoenherr
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom;
| | - Margaret C Frame
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom;
| | - Adam Byron
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, United Kingdom;
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43
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Nagle AM, Levine KM, Tasdemir N, Scott JA, Burlbaugh K, Kehm J, Katz TA, Boone DN, Jacobsen BM, Atkinson JM, Oesterreich S, Lee AV. Loss of E-cadherin Enhances IGF1-IGF1R Pathway Activation and Sensitizes Breast Cancers to Anti-IGF1R/InsR Inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5165-5177. [PMID: 29941485 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling regulates breast cancer initiation and progression and associated cancer phenotypes. We previously identified E-cadherin (CDH1) as a repressor of IGF1 signaling and in this study examined how loss of E-cadherin affects IGF1R signaling and response to anti-IGF1R/insulin receptor (InsR) therapies in breast cancer.Experimental Design: Breast cancer cell lines were used to assess how altered E-cadherin levels regulate IGF1R signaling and response to two anti-IGF1R/InsR therapies. In situ proximity ligation assay (PLA) was used to define interaction between IGF1R and E-cadherin. TCGA RNA-seq and RPPA data were used to compare IGF1R/InsR activation in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) tumors. ER+ ILC cell lines and xenograft tumor explant cultures were used to evaluate efficacy to IGF1R pathway inhibition in combination with endocrine therapy.Results: Diminished functional E-cadherin increased both activation of IGF1R signaling and efficacy to anti-IGF1R/InsR therapies. PLA demonstrated a direct endogenous interaction between IGF1R and E-cadherin at points of cell-cell contact. Increased expression of IGF1 ligand and levels of IGF1R/InsR phosphorylation were observed in E-cadherin-deficient ER+ ILC compared with IDC tumors. IGF1R pathway inhibitors were effective in inhibiting growth in ER+ ILC cell lines and synergized with endocrine therapy and similarly IGF1R/InsR inhibition reduced proliferation in ILC tumor explant culture.Conclusions: We provide evidence that loss of E-cadherin hyperactivates the IGF1R pathway and increases sensitivity to IGF1R/InsR targeted therapy, thus identifying the IGF1R pathway as a potential novel target in E-cadherin-deficient breast cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5165-77. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Nagle
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kevin M Levine
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nilgun Tasdemir
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Julie A Scott
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kara Burlbaugh
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Justin Kehm
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tiffany A Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,The Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - David N Boone
- Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Britta M Jacobsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer M Atkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Steffi Oesterreich
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian V Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. .,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Magee Women's Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Chiasson-MacKenzie C, McClatchey AI. Cell-Cell Contact and Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a029215. [PMID: 28716887 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a029215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of cells within tissues is governed by the activities of adhesion receptors that provide spatial cues and transmit forces through intercellular junctions, and by growth-factor receptors, particularly receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), that respond to biochemical signals from the environment. Coordination of these two activities is essential for the patterning and polarized migration of cells during morphogenesis and for homeostasis in mature tissues; loss of this coordination is a hallmark of developing cancer and driver of metastatic progression. Although much is known about the individual functions of adhesion and growth factor receptors, we have a surprisingly superficial understanding of the mechanisms by which their activities are coordinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chiasson-MacKenzie
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Departments of Pathology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
| | - Andrea I McClatchey
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Departments of Pathology, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129
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45
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Dynamic of VE-cadherin-mediated spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 150:173-185. [PMID: 29797291 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1682-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Spermatids are haploid differentiating cells that, in the meantime they differentiate, translocate along the seminiferous epithelium towards the tubule lumen to be just released as spermatozoa. The success of such a migration depends on dynamic of spermatid-Sertoli cell contacts, the molecular nature of which has not been well defined yet. It was demonstrated that the vascular endothelial cadherin (VEC) is expressed transitorily in the mouse seminiferous epithelium. Here, we evaluated the pattern of VEC expression by immunohistochemistry first in seminiferous tubules at different stages of the epithelial cycle when only unique types of germ cell associations are present. Changes in the pattern of VEC localization according to the step of spermatid differentiation were analysed in detail using testis fragments and spontaneously released germ cells. Utilizing the first wave of spermatogenesis as an in vivo model to have at disposal spermatids at progressive steps of differentiation, we checked for level of looser VEC association with the membrane by performing protein solubilisation under mild detergent conditions and assays through VEC-immunoblotting. Being changes in VEC solubilisation paralleled in changes in phosphotyrosine (pY) content, we evaluated if spermatid VEC undergoes Y658 phosphorylation and if this correlates with VEC solubilisation and spermatid progression in differentiation. Altogether, our study shows a temporally restricted pattern of VEC expression that culminates with the presence of round spermatids to progressively decrease starting from spermatid elongation. Conversely, pY658-VEC signs elongating spermatids; its intracellular polarized compartmentalization suggests a possible involvement of pY658-VEC in the acquisition of spermatid cell polarity.
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46
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Evangelista F, Roth AJ, Prisayanh P, Temple BR, Li N, Qian Y, Culton DA, Liu Z, Harrison OJ, Brasch J, Honig B, Shapiro L, Diaz LA. Pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies from endemic pemphigus foliaceus recognize a desmoglein-1 conformational epitope. J Autoimmun 2018; 89:171-185. [PMID: 29307589 PMCID: PMC5902409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fogo Selvagem (FS), the endemic form of pemphigus foliaceus, is mediated by pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies against the amino-terminal extracellular cadherin domain of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1 (Dsg1). Here we define the detailed epitopes of these pathogenic antibodies. Proteolytic footprinting showed that IgG4 from 95% of FS donor sera (19/20) recognized a 16-residue peptide (A129LNSMGQDLERPLELR144) from the EC1 domain of Dsg1 that overlaps the binding site for an adhesive-partner desmosomal cadherin molecule. Mutation of Dsg1 residues M133 and Q135 reduced the binding of FS IgG4 autoantibodies to Dsg1 by ∼50%. Molecular modeling identified two nearby EC1 domain residues (Q82 and V83) likely to contribute to the epitope. Mutation of these residues completely abolished the binding of FS IgG4 to Dsg1. Bead aggregation assays showed that native binding interactions between Dsg1 and desmocollin 1 (Dsc1), which underlie desmosome structure, were abolished by Fab fragments of FS IgG4. These results further define the molecular mechanism by which FS IgG4 autoantibodies interfere with desmosome structure and lead to cell-cell detachment, the hallmark of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flor Evangelista
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Laboratorio de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Universidad Antenor Orrego, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Aleeza J Roth
- Pathology Diagnostic Liaison-Northeast Region, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton NJ, USA
| | - Phillip Prisayanh
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brenda R Temple
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; R.L. Juliano Structural Bioinformatics Core, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ye Qian
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Donna A Culton
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Oliver J Harrison
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Julia Brasch
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Barry Honig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lawrence Shapiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Luis A Diaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Abstract
The symmetric tissue and body plans of animals are paradoxically constructed with asymmetric cells. To understand how the yin-yang duality of symmetry and asymmetry are reconciled, we asked whether apical polarity proteins orchestrate the development of the mirror-symmetric zebrafish neural tube by hierarchically modulating apical cell-cell adhesions. We found that apical polarity proteins localize by a pioneer-intermediate-terminal order. Pioneer proteins establish the mirror symmetry of the neural rod by initiating two distinct types of apical adhesions: the parallel apical adhesions (PAAs) cohere cells of parallel orientation and the novel opposing apical adhesions (OAAs) cohere cells of opposing orientation. Subsequently, the intermediate proteins selectively augment the PAAs when the OAAs dissolve by endocytosis. Finally, terminal proteins are required to inflate the neural tube by generating osmotic pressure. Our findings suggest a general mechanism to construct mirror-symmetric tissues: tissue symmetry can be established by organizing asymmetric cells opposingly via adhesions. Apical polarity proteins localize in a pioneer-intermediate-terminal order The orderly localized proteins orchestrate apical adhesion dynamics step by step Apical adhesions assemble asymmetric cells opposingly into a symmetric tissue
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48
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Ray A, Katoch P, Jain N, Mehta PP. Dileucine-like motifs in the C-terminal tail of connexin32 control its endocytosis and assembly into gap junctions. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs207340. [PMID: 29361528 PMCID: PMC5897717 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in assembly of gap junction-forming proteins, called connexins (Cxs), are observed in a variety of cancers. Connexin32 (Cx32; also known as GJB1) is expressed by the polarized cells in epithelia. We discovered two dileucine-based motifs, which govern the intracellular sorting and endocytosis of transmembrane proteins, in the C-terminal tail of Cx32 and explored their role in regulating its endocytosis and gap junction-forming abilities in pancreatic and prostate cancer cells. One motif, designated as LI, was located near the juxtamembrane domain, whereas the other, designated as LL, was located distally. We also discovered a non-canonical motif, designated as LR, in the C-terminal tail. Our results showed that rendering these motifs non-functional had no effect on the intracellular sorting of Cx32. However, rendering the LL or LR motif nonfunctional enhanced the formation of gap junctions by inhibiting Cx32 endocytosis by the clathrin-mediated pathway. Rendering the LI motif nonfunctional inhibited gap junction formation by augmenting the endocytosis of Cx32 via the LL and LR motifs. Our studies have defined distinct roles of these motifs in regulating the endocytosis of Cx32 and its gap junction-forming ability.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuttoma Ray
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Parul Katoch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Nimansha Jain
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Parmender P Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Advedissian T, Proux-Gillardeaux V, Nkosi R, Peyret G, Nguyen T, Poirier F, Viguier M, Deshayes F. E-cadherin dynamics is regulated by galectin-7 at epithelial cell surface. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17086. [PMID: 29213102 PMCID: PMC5719072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Re-epithelialisation of wounded epidermis is ensured by collective cell migration of keratinocytes. Efficient collective migration requires the maintenance of intercellular adhesion, notably through adherens junctions, to favour cell communication, support tension forces and coordinated movement . Galectin-7, a soluble lectin expressed in stratified epithelia, has been previously implicated in cell migration and intercellular adhesion. Here, we revealed a new function of galectin-7 in the control of directionality and collective behaviour in migrating keratinocytes. Consistently, we identified galectin-7 as a direct partner of E-cadherin, a key component of adherens junctions. Unexpectedly, this interaction does not require glycosylation motifs. Focusing on the underlying mechanisms, we showed that galectin-7 stabilizes E-cadherin at the plasma membrane, restraining its endocytosis. Interestingly, galectin-7 silencing decreases E-cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion. Consequently, this study not only identifies a new stabilizer of adherens junctions but also emphasises the importance of the interplay between E-cadherin turnover and intercellular adhesion strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Advedissian
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Proux-Gillardeaux
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France.,Team Membrane Traffic in Health & Disease, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Nkosi
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Grégoire Peyret
- Team Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Team Cell Adhesion and Mechanics, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Poirier
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Mireille Viguier
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France.
| | - Frédérique Deshayes
- Team Morphogenesis, Homeostasis and Pathologies, University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, 15 Rue Hélène Brion, 75013, Paris, France.
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50
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Cai J, Culley MK, Zhao Y, Zhao J. The role of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in the regulation of cell junctions. Protein Cell 2017; 9:754-769. [PMID: 29080116 PMCID: PMC6107491 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-017-0486-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of cell junctions plays a crucial role in the regulation of cellular functions including cell proliferation, permeability, and cell death. Disruption of cell junctions is implicated in a variety of human disorders, such as inflammatory diseases and cancers. Understanding molecular regulation of cell junctions is important for development of therapeutic strategies for intervention of human diseases. Ubiquitination is an important type of post-translational modification that primarily regulates endogenous protein stability, receptor internalization, enzyme activity, and protein-protein interactions. Ubiquitination is tightly regulated by ubiquitin E3 ligases and can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes. Recent studies have been focusing on investigating the effect of protein stability in the regulation of cell-cell junctions. Ubiquitination and degradation of cadherins, claudins, and their interacting proteins are implicated in epithelial and endothelial barrier disruption. Recent studies have revealed that ubiquitination is involved in regulation of Rho GTPases’ biological activities. Taken together these studies, ubiquitination plays a critical role in modulating cell junctions and motility. In this review, we will discuss the effects of ubiquitination and deubiquitination on protein stability and expression of key proteins in the cell-cell junctions, including junction proteins, their interacting proteins, and small Rho GTPases. We provide an overview of protein stability in modulation of epithelial and endothelial barrier integrity and introduce potential future search directions to better understand the effects of ubiquitination on human disorders caused by dysfunction of cell junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junting Cai
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Miranda K Culley
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, Division of Pulmonary, Asthma, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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