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Shinar E, Jaffe E, Orr Z, Zalcman BG, Offenbacher J, Quint M, Alpert EA, Weiss BZ, Berzon B. Characteristics and Motivational Factors of Whole Blood and Convalescent Plasma Donors during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Israel. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:589. [PMID: 38470700 PMCID: PMC10931588 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Demands for whole blood (WB) and COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) donations during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic presented unprecedented challenges for blood services throughout the world. This study aims to understand the motivating factors that drive WB and CCP donations in the context of the pandemic. This cross-sectional study is based on data extracted from surveys of the two volunteer donor cohorts. The findings reveal that when compared to CCP donors, WB donors were more likely to view donation as a form of social engagement (97.7% vs. 87.1%, p < 0.01), advantageous in the workplace (46.4% vs. 28.6%, p < 0.01), advantageous in their social network (58.6% vs. 47.0%, p = 0.01), and view their donation in the context of positive self-satisfaction (99% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.01). The average age of CCP donors was 7.1 years younger than those who donated WB (p < 0.01). Motivational factors were also analyzed by sex and religiosity. In conclusion, whereas both donor groups showed a high motivation to partake in these life-saving commitments, WB donors were more likely to be motivated by factors that, when better-understood and implemented in policies concerning plasma donations, may help to increase these donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilat Shinar
- Magen David Adom National Blood Services, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Eli Jaffe
- Magen David Adom, Tel Aviv 67062, Israel; (E.J.); (M.Q.)
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Zvika Orr
- Selma Jelinek School of Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 91160, Israel;
| | - Beth G. Zalcman
- Selma Jelinek School of Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 91160, Israel;
| | - Joseph Offenbacher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA;
| | - Maxim Quint
- Magen David Adom, Tel Aviv 67062, Israel; (E.J.); (M.Q.)
| | - Evan Avraham Alpert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center-Ein Kerem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Boaz Zadok Weiss
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem 91031, Israel;
| | - Baruch Berzon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shamir Medical Center, Beer Yaakov 70300, Israel;
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2
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Berger M, Easterbrook A, Holloway K, Devine D, Bansback N. What influences decisions to donate plasma? A rapid review of the literature. Vox Sang 2023; 118:817-824. [PMID: 37470275 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Plasma has become an essential ingredient for various medical treatments. Many blood collection agencies rely on voluntary non-remunerated donation when collecting plasma, but at present many do not collect sufficient plasma to meet domestic demands. This rapid review sought to explore the factors that have been found to influence people's decisions to donate plasma to inform future research. METHODS Searches were conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Social Sciences Citation Index and CINAHL for peer-reviewed journal articles that discussed plasma donation and the factors associated with donor behaviour. Pertinent information from included articles was extracted and arranged in themes. RESULTS In total, 33 articles were included in this review. Three main themes were identified by the authors. The first focused on site-level factors related to blood collection agencies' engagement with plasma donors and their influence on plasma donation experiences. The second theme considered how individual characteristics and experiences influence willingness to donate plasma. The third theme examined social and cultural-level factors, such as how social networks and community shape perceptions and experiences with donation. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the current understanding of plasma donation is focused mainly on converting whole blood donors and also centres on individual-level factors to donation. Further research must examine what factors attract non-whole blood donors to become plasma donors, focusing on broader social-level influences. This review will inform policies and interventions for blood collection agencies to increase plasma donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Berger
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Easterbrook
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly Holloway
- Donation Policy & Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Devine
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Donation Policy & Studies, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Bansback
- Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Saltzmann C. How to convert whole‐blood donors to plasma donors: An investigation of the mechanisms of awareness of need for plasma and donors' perception of response efficacy. Transfusion 2023; 63:1023-1043. [PMID: 37002707 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood donation services need to increase plasma donations to match the rising demand. However, evidence on how to best recruit donors among whole-blood donors is limited. Therefore, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a conversion strategy based on two different mechanisms that drive donor behavior: (a) awareness of the need for plasma donation and (b) perception of response efficacy regarding plasma donation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS An online experiment with 246 German Red Cross whole-blood donors (possibility of plasma donation, blood group AB) was conducted using a 2 × 2 factorial, between-subject setup, and a pre-post treatment measurement. The mechanisms varied and were addressed with experimental treatments and measured. Analyses of variance and hierarchical regression models were used to analyze the effects on intention and behavior. RESULTS The intention to donate plasma was low, but increased with treatment (mean valueoverall of intentionbeforeTreatment = 2.63, SD = 1.73 vs. intentionafterTreatment = 3.28, SD = 1.92). Furthermore, 31% of participants expressed willingness to be forwarded to the appointment-scheduling system of the blood donation service for further information. Only the mechanism of response efficacy was significantly associated with the intention to donate plasma (βEfficacy = .254, p = .001; βAwareness of Need = .126, p = .070). DISCUSSION A conversion strategy based on making donors aware of their response efficacy is a promising way to optimize donor panels by shifting them to where they have the greatest impact. However, this study also substantiates the difficulty of such an effort. Blood donation services should invest in persuasion efforts and build personalized integrated marketing communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Saltzmann
- Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences, Research Group on Health Marketing Universität Hamburg Von‐Melle‐Park 9 D‐20146 Hamburg Germany
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4
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Tarlabelen Karaytuğ E, Boyraz S. Knowledge and attitudes of apheresis donors regarding apheresis blood donation. Transfus Med 2023; 33:39-48. [PMID: 35633143 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demand for apheresis blood donation has increased with the widening of the use of blood transfusion and the decrease in the donor pool. The knowledge level of apheresis donors, their attitudes such as donating again and recommending others to donate via apheresis are important in meeting this demand. OBJECTIVE This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with 182 plateletpheresis donors to determine their knowledge and attitudes regarding apheresis blood donation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Participants were asked 34 questions (which were prepared based on the literature and perfected by expert opinion and pre-administration) to determine their level of knowledge regarding apheresis. A value of 1 point was assigned for each 'correct' answer and 0 points for 'wrong' and 'do not know' answers. Participants' total level of knowledge scores was formulated to have a value between 0 and 100 (i.e., the score of each group was divided into the number of question and multiplied by 100). Participant attitudes were evaluated based on responses to 14 questions using a 5-point Likert questionnaire. RESULTS Total knowledge scores regarding apheresis were moderate (55 ± 15.2). Those who were educated above the university level (compared to primary school and less, middle and high-school education levels) had higher level of knowledge scores regarding apheresis. In general, participants had a positive attitude regarding the importance and effects of apheresis blood donation. Those with the following characteristics had a positive attitude (p < 0.05) regarding the importance of apheresis blood donation: female (compared to men), single (compared to married), 18-33 years of age (compared to 34-49 and 50-65 years of age groups, with an above-university level of education (compared to primary school and less, middle and high-school education levels), informed regarding apheresis blood donation, first-time donors and donors to unknown recipients. CONCLUSION Study participants demonstrated a moderate level of knowledge and positive attitude regarding the importance of apheresis blood donation. Thus, to enhance attitudes on the procedure and reduce the risk of recipient infections, blood donors should be better informed regarding apheresis blood donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Tarlabelen Karaytuğ
- Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Sakine Boyraz
- Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Nursing Faculty, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
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5
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White KM, Starfelt Sutton LC, Zhao X. Charitable donations and the theory of planned behaviour: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286053. [PMID: 37205662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the predominance of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to represent the psychological determinants underlying people's charitable decisions, the present study synthesised the model's key relationships, using meta-analysis, and tested the predictive utility of the model for charitable giving encompassing donations of blood, organs, time, and money. Given its relevance to altruistic decisions, the impact of moral norm was assessed also. A systematic literature review identified 117 samples (from 104 studies) examining donation intentions and/or prospective behaviour using TPB measures. The sample-weighted average effects for all associations were moderate-to-strong with perceived behavioural control (PBC) most strongly associated with intention (r+ = 0.562), followed by moral norm (r+ = 0.537), attitude (r+ = 0.507), and subjective norm (r+ = 0.472). Intention (r+ = 0.424) showed stronger associations with prospective behaviour than PBC (r+ = 0.301). The standard TPB predictors explained 44% of variance in intention (52% including moral norm). Intention and PBC explained 19% of variance in behaviour. A number of TPB associations showed differences when analysed for moderator variables such as length of follow-up for prospective behaviour and type of target behaviour. Stronger associations were found for the (subjective and moral) norm-intention associations among some of the different types of giving behaviours, especially for donating organs and time. Overall, the large proportion of variance explained by the TPB predictors especially for intention highlights those cognitions associated with people's plans to give, informative for charities reliant on people's propensity to give.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M White
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Behavioural, Social and Legal Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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6
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Langi Sasongko P, van Kraaij M, So‐Osman C. Using a scenario approach to assess for the current and future demand of immunoglobulins: An interview and literature study from The Netherlands. Transfus Med 2022; 32:410-421. [PMID: 35751376 PMCID: PMC9795925 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the current and future demand of immunoglobulins globally and specifically for the Netherlands by assessing: (I) which specialties contribute to current demand, (II) new areas of medical need, (III) which transformational factors may impact demand and to what effect, by using a scenario approach. BACKGROUND As immunoglobulin demand continues to increase globally, there is concern of increasing shortages and questions of whether and how future demand will continue based on medical need. METHODS/MATERIALS In line with scenario principles, a scoping review of Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane and grey literature was conducted. Semi-structured interviews with subject matter experts were held. The results of the review and interviews were analysed for major themes. RESULTS The scoping review resulted in 97 articles, 74 regarding clinical uses, and 23 regarding organisational and other themes. Fifteen clinical and non-clinical experts were interviewed. I) Neurology, immunology, and haematology were specialties that contribute most to current demand. II) Regarding potential new areas of medical need, the literature review resulted in more indications than the interviews, for example, post-renal transplants. III) Four groups of key transformational factors were found: factors that could increase immunoglobulin demand (e.g., EMA revisions), decrease demand (e.g., replacement products, Dutch Transfer Act 2021), factors that remain to be seen how it impacts demand (e.g., further evidence), and miscellaneous factors (e.g., supply-related). CONCLUSION Having identified the specialties and relevant transformational factors that affect immunoglobulin demand, more research is needed on what clinical or organisational strategies would be effective in controlling demand in general for the Netherlands and abroad. Other blood establishments may also use a scenario approach to increase preparedness for future (un)expected developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praiseldy Langi Sasongko
- Department of Donor Medicine ResearchUnits Transfusion Technology Assessment and Donor Studies, Sanquin ResearchAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Amsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Cynthia So‐Osman
- Department of Unit Transfusion MedicineSanquin Blood BankAmsterdamThe Netherlands,Department of HaematologyErasmus Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Holloway K. Understanding the experiences of plasma donors in Canada's new source plasma collection centres during COVID-19: A qualitative study. Vox Sang 2022; 117:1078-1084. [PMID: 35662043 PMCID: PMC9348189 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To address a national concern over the sufficiency of plasma, Canadian Blood Services (CBS) initiated a proof-of-concept programme with three new source plasma collection centres, aiming to demonstrate a cost-effective template for future source plasma collection and to alleviate the concerns and risks associated with the dependence on the United States. This study uses social capital as a framework to assess the success of the proof-of-concept collection centres. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-hundred and one qualitative interviews with source plasma donors in three new source plasma centres in Canada were carried out. RESULTS CBS played a critical role in motivating whole-blood donors to switch to plasma donation by building on their identity as a donor and facilitating access. Community was central to ensuring that donors returned. The importance of the social network was apparent through relationships participants developed with staff and through the relationships that staff had with each other. Donors wanted to understand more about the uses of plasma so that they could promote donation through their social networks outside the centre. CONCLUSION Campaigns to convert existing blood donors to plasma donors should build on their identity as a donor and structure the centre as a safe and welcoming place. To retain donors, blood collection agencies should emphasize community by facilitating staff ability to work well together and connect with the donor. Blood operators have the potential to expand existing social networks and foster trust through the dissemination of knowledge about plasma more broadly in more diverse communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Holloway
- Donation Policy & Studies, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Hyde MK, Masser BM, Coundouris SP. A review of whole-blood donors' willingness, motives, barriers and interventions related to donating another substance of human origin. Transfus Med 2022; 32:95-114. [PMID: 35068004 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diversification of blood collection agencies' (BCAs) core business requires donors to donate substances of human origin (SoHO) beyond whole-blood. Whole-blood donors are assumed to be willing to convert to donate other SoHO as well as whole-blood. However, no reviews consider the evidence on conversion (i.e., willingness/intention, behaviour, retention, attrition). This rapid review provides a narrative synthesis of whole-blood donors' conversion to another SoHO, characteristics contributing to conversion, motives and deterrents, and interventions encouraging conversion. Sixty-five studies were reviewed. Most were cross-sectional and examined whole-blood donor conversion to organ (willingness/pledge for deceased donation), plasma or stem cell donation. Most examined conversion rather than characteristics contributing to conversion, motives, deterrents or interventions. Whole-blood donors appear willing to donate another SoHO, yet conversion rates are unclear. Besides self-efficacy, there is little consistency in reported characteristics of donors converting, and few theories applied to understand characteristics encouraging conversion. Intrinsic (altruism, self-esteem, curiosity) and extrinsic (perceived need, service experience, direct requests) motives and barriers (lifestyle, fearing reduced health) appear important and require further research. Interventions encouraging conversion need replication and may include in-person, in-centre approaches, raising awareness of the functional benefits of other SoHO (high need, usefulness), and developing promotional materials that pique donors' curiosity, invite questions, and encourage donor-initiated conversations about conversion. Centralising BCAs as a single business or partnering with other organisations appears mutually beneficial to encourage conversion and sustainable panels/resources. Research is needed to understand the impact of encouraging conversion on donors and organisations, and identify optimal management strategies for multi-SoHO donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa K Hyde
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Barbara M Masser
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Gyuris P, Gáspár BG, Birkás B, Csókási K, Kocsor F. Help Is in Your Blood-Incentive to "Double Altruism" Resolves the Plasma Donation Paradox. Front Psychol 2021; 12:653848. [PMID: 34566745 PMCID: PMC8458749 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.653848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood donation is considered as one of the purest forms of altruism. Plasma donation, in contrast, despite being a similar process, is mostly a paid activity in which donors are compensated for their contribution to the production of therapeutic preparations. This creates a so-called "plasma paradox:" If remuneration is promised for a socially useful effort, volunteers with altruistic motives might be deterred. At the same time, regular plasma donors who pursue the monetary benefits of donation might drop out if remuneration stops. The same controversy can be caught in the messages of most plasma donation companies as well: They promise a monetary reward (MR), and at the same time, highlight the altruistic component of donation. In this study, we tested the assumption that emphasizing the social significance enhances the willingness to donate blood plasma more effectively than either MR or the combination of these two incentives. This had to be rejected since there was no significant difference between the three scenarios. Furthermore, we also hypothesized that individuals might be more motivated to donate plasma if there is a possibility of offering an MR toward other socially beneficial aims. We found an increased willingness to donate in scenarios enabling "double altruism", that is, when donating plasma for therapeutic use and transferring their remuneration to nongovernmental organizations, is an option. We propose relying on double altruism to resolve the plasma paradox, and suggest that it could serve as a starting point for the development of more optimized means for donor recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Gyuris
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Baksa Gergely Gáspár
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Béla Birkás
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Csókási
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kocsor
- Institute of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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10
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Veillette-Bourbeau L, Otis J, Lewin A, Godin G, Germain M, Daunais-Laurin G, Lalonde F, Caruso J, Myhal G, Pronovost F. Determinants of the intention to participate in a programme of plasma donation for fractionation among men who have sex with men. Vox Sang 2021; 116:1051-1059. [PMID: 33942322 PMCID: PMC9291483 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives Several approaches are currently under study to contribute to efforts to allow men who have sex with men (MSM) to donate blood. One of these approaches involves implementing a programme of plasma donation for fractionation, with a quarantine period. The goal of this article is to identify the determinants of intention to participate in the plasma donation programme among MSM in Montreal, Canada. Materials and methods Based on the theory of planned behaviour, a questionnaire was developed to measure MSM’s intention to donate plasma and identify influencing factors. A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the determinants of intention to donate plasma. Results Respondents’ (N = 933) intention to donate plasma in the next six months was moderate. The multiple linear regression model explained 55% (P < 0·001) of the variation of intention. Intention was predicted by attitudes (β = 0·34, P < 0·001), perceived behavioural control (β = 0·28, P < 0·001), aged under 35 years (β = 0·26, P < 0·001), history of blood donation (β = 0·24, P < 0·001), subjective norm (β = 0·21, P < 0·001), income above $40,000 (β = 0·20, P < 0·001), moral norm (β = 0·18, P < 0·001) and higher level of involvement in various issues LGBTQ+ communities are fighting for (β = 0·09, P < 0·001). Conclusion Our analyses show that intention to donate plasma within the proposed programme is associated with personal, social and structural factors, but more strongly predicted by factors related to the theory of planned behaviour. Our results also highlight the importance of involving MSM; community acceptability of the plasma donation programme would probably be higher if MSM felt respected and party to the decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanne Otis
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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11
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Grace D, Gaspar M, Klassen B, Lessard D, Anand P, Brennan DJ, Lachowsky N, Adam BD, Cox J, Lambert G, Jollimore J, Hart TA. Stepping Stones or Second Class Donors?: a qualitative analysis of gay, bisexual, and queer men's perspectives on plasma donation policy in Canada. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:444. [PMID: 33663450 PMCID: PMC7932904 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are not eligible to donate blood or plasma in Canada if they have had sex with another man in the last 3 months. This time-based deferment has reduced since 2013; from an initial lifetime ban, to five-years, one-year, and now three-months. Our previous research revealed that gay, bisexual, queer, and other MSM (GBM) supported making blood donation policies gender-neutral and behaviour-based. In this analysis, we explored the willingness of Canadian GBM to donate plasma, even if they were not eligible to donate blood. Methods We conducted in-depth interviews with 39 HIV-negative GBM in Vancouver (n = 15), Toronto (n = 13), and Montreal (n = 11), recruited from a large respondent-driven sampling study called Engage. Men received some basic information on plasma donation prior to answering questions. Transcripts were coded in NVivo following inductive thematic analysis. Results Many GBM expressed a general willingness to donate plasma if they became eligible; like with whole blood donation, GBM conveyed a strong desire to help others in need. However, this willingness was complicated by the fact that most participants had limited knowledge of plasma donation and were unsure of its medical importance. Participants’ perspectives on a policy that enabled MSM to donate plasma varied, with some viewing this change as a “stepping stone” to a reformed blood donation policy and others regarding it as insufficient and constructing GBM as “second-class” donors. When discussing plasma, many men reflected on the legacy of blood donor policy-related discrimination. Our data reveal a significant plasma policy disjuncture—a gulf between the critical importance of plasma donation from the perspective of Canada’s blood operators and patients and the feelings of many GBM who understood this form of donation as less important. Conclusions Plasma donor policies must be considered in relation to MSM blood donation policies to understand how donor eligibility practices are made meaningful by GBM in the context of historical disenfranchisement. Successful establishment of a MSM plasma donor policy will require extensive education, explicit communication of how this new policy contributes to continued/stepwise reform of blood donor policies, and considerable reconciliation with diverse GBM communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Grace
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.
| | - Mark Gaspar
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Benjamin Klassen
- Community-Based Research Centre, 1007-808 Nelson Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2H2, Canada
| | - David Lessard
- Centre for Health Outcomes Research, McGill University Health Centre, 5252 de Maisonneuve West, Montréal, QC, H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Praney Anand
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - David J Brennan
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Nathan Lachowsky
- Community-Based Research Centre, 1007-808 Nelson Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2H2, Canada.,School of Public Health & Social Policy, Faculty of Human & Social Development, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Barry D Adam
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Criminology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Ave, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Joseph Cox
- Direction de santé publique de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, QC, H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Gilles Lambert
- Direction de santé publique de Montréal, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, 1560 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, QC, H2L 4M1, Canada
| | - Jody Jollimore
- Community-Based Research Centre, 1007-808 Nelson Street, Vancouver, BC, V6Z 2H2, Canada
| | - Trevor A Hart
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Department of Psychology, HIV Prevention Lab, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria St, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
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12
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Thorpe R, Masser BM, Nguyen L, Davison TE. Understanding donation frequency: insights from current plasma donors. Vox Sang 2019; 115:174-181. [PMID: 31845332 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Encouraging existing plasma donors to donate more frequently is a key objective for blood donation services committed to expanding yield through voluntary non-remunerated plasmapheresis donation. This requires an understanding of donors' perspectives on their current donation practice and how this relates to their knowledge and beliefs about the need for plasma. To explore this, Australian plasma donors were interviewed about how they arrived at the frequency at which they donate. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 105 Australian plasmapheresis donors. RESULTS Key themes identified were as follows: fitting donation into busy lives and how ideas about being an ongoing donor and the institutional context shaped their perspective on frequency; perceptions of the impact of donation on health; and wanting to make a greater contribution. CONCLUSION Experienced plasma donors work to maintain a donation practice in the context of busy lives often by adopting a flexible approach to donation frequency. Their knowledge of the contribution their donations make is key to their continued donation, yet most identified constraints to donating more frequently. Health concerns were a particular concern for some, and more research is needed to understand donors' perspectives on the impact of donating on their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Thorpe
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Barbara M Masser
- Australian Red Cross Blood Services Chair in Donor Research, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, Australia
| | - Lilly Nguyen
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Tanya E Davison
- Clinical Services and Research, Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
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13
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Sugden N, King N. A descriptive phenomenological analysis of the experience of blood donation as a regular donor. J Health Psychol 2019; 26:1821-1832. [PMID: 31782663 DOI: 10.1177/1359105319890014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining adequate blood supplies requires the recruitment of a significant number of regular donors. However, research examining the first-hand experience of blood donation from the perspective of regular donors is very limited. This study sought to describe the essential features of this experience from the accounts of 10 regular donors, analysed using Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method. Eight essential themes contributed to the fundamental structure of the experience, emphasising issues of blood donor identity, comfortable routine, feeling good helping others and human connectedness and interaction in the donation process. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
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14
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Caruso J, Germain M, Godin G, Myhal G, Pronovost F, Morin M, Otis J. 'One step closer': Acceptability of a programme of plasma donation for fractionation from men who have sex with men. Vox Sang 2019; 114:675-686. [PMID: 31396980 PMCID: PMC6851744 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In Canada, Héma-Québec is considering the possibility of allowing men who have sex with men (MSM) to donate plasma for fractionation combined with a mandatory quarantine period. This study aims to assess the acceptability and operational feasibility of the programme in the targeted population. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven focus groups with MSM (N = 47) were conducted in Montréal, regarding their beliefs underlying attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control relating to intention to participate in a programme of plasma donation for fractionation. A theoretical thematic content analysis was realized. RESULTS Participants brought up benefits of the programme. Some are altruistic (help others, save lives, contribute as citizens), while others are linked to what it could bring to their community (progress, opportunity to include MSM in blood donation programmes, acknowledgement of MSM's contributions to the well-being of others). However, even if the programme is in accordance with their altruistic values, it clashes with their values of equality and social justice. Many disadvantages were raised (discrimination and stigmatization of MSM, the fact that their blood is presented as being not as good as the blood of others). Facilitating factors and barriers to participation were put forward in terms of programme characteristics and sites where donations would be made. CONCLUSION The findings suggest some interest in the programme of plasma donation for fractionation, but this is significantly tempered by the fact that differential treatment for MSM would continue and that their demands regarding access to whole blood donation are still unmet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joanne Otis
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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15
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Huis In 't Veld EMJ, de Kort WLAM, Merz EM. Determinants of blood donation willingness in the European Union: a cross-country perspective on perceived transfusion safety, concerns, and incentives. Transfusion 2019; 59:1273-1282. [PMID: 30811608 PMCID: PMC6849819 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Willingness to donate blood depends on personal characteristics, beliefs, and motivations, but also on the cultural context. The aim of this study was to examine whether willingness to donate blood is associated with attitudes toward blood transfusion, personal motivators, and incentives and whether these factors vary across countries in the European Union (EU). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The sample consisted of 27,868 participants, from 28 EU member states, who were interviewed about blood donation and transfusion-related issues for the 2014 round of the Eurobarometer, a country-comparative survey, collected on behalf of the European Commission. Participants were asked whether they would be willing to donate blood and for which reasons (motivators) and which incentives are appropriate to receive in return for a blood donation. RESULTS Willingness to donate varied significantly across countries and was positively associated with perceived blood transfusion safety. Furthermore, helping family or people in need were the most powerful motivators for blood donation willingness in almost all countries. In contrast, the number of participants who were willing to donate to alleviate shortages or to contribute to research varied widely across countries. The wish to receive certain incentives, however, did not seem to be related to willingness to donate. CONCLUSION Perceived blood transfusion safety and personal motivations may be stronger determinants of willingness to donate than receiving certain incentives. EU-wide strategies and guidelines for donor recruitment and retention should take both overall and country-specific patterns into account. For example, education on the importance of donation could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth M J Huis In 't Veld
- Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Wim L A M de Kort
- Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva-Maria Merz
- Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Wiersum‐Osselton J, Romeijn B, Brekel E, Dongen A, Hermans F, Bokhorst A, Kreek T. Can we prevent vasovagal reactions in young inexperienced whole blood donors? A placebo controlled study comparing effects of a 330 vs 500 mL water drink prior to donation. Transfusion 2018; 59:555-565. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bas Romeijn
- Sanquin, Unit Donor Affairs Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Elise Brekel
- Sanquin, Unit Donor Affairs Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anne Dongen
- Sanquin, Unit Donor Affairs Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Frank Hermans
- Sanquin, Unit Donor Affairs Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | | | - Tanneke Kreek
- Sanquin, Unit Donor Affairs Amsterdam The Netherlands
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17
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Williams LA, Sun J, Masser B. Integrating self-determination theory and the theory of planned behaviour to predict intention to donate blood. Transfus Med 2018; 29 Suppl 1:59-64. [PMID: 30417447 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to test a model integrating self-determination theory (SDT) and the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict intention to donate blood. BACKGROUND Social science research suggests that motivational orientations outlined by SDT can be usefully integrated with constructs from the TPB to collectively predict intention and behaviour. Such analysis has not yet been undertaken in the context of blood donation. METHODS A total of 458 currently eligible donors completed measures of blood donor motivations, attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control (PBC) and intention. Path analyses modelled the direct and indirect effects (via TPB constructs) of motivational orientations on intention. RESULTS SDT motivational orientations explained an additional 14% of the variance in blood donation intention, compared to a TPB-only model. Amotivation had a negative direct effect on intention; external regulation had no overall effect on intention; introjected regulation had positive direct and indirect effects on intention; and autonomous motivation predicted intention both directly as well as via attitudes, subjective norms and PBC. CONCLUSION This research provides the first evidence that integrating SDT and the TPB is a useful approach in donor research, particularly for specifying plausible pathways through which motivational orientations impact intention to donate blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Williams
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J Sun
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Masser
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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18
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Slootweg YM, Koelewijn JM, de Kort WL, de Haas M, Merz EM. Facilitators and barriers for RhD-immunized women to become and remain anti-D donors. Transfusion 2018. [PMID: 29532485 DOI: 10.1111/trf.14490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful introduction of prophylaxis with anti-RhD immunoglobulin has resulted in a significant decline of pregnancy-related RhD immunizations but also has decreased the availability of naturally immunized women as (new) anti-D donors. An influx of new donors is necessary to maintain a sufficient pool of anti-D donors. We investigated motivators, barriers, and predictors for anti-D donorship in RhD-immunized women. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A mixed-methods design was applied, including focus group discussions and questionnaires. Two focus groups (including 11 women) served as input for the questionnaire. RESULTS In total, 47.6% of 750 anti-D donors and potential donors completed the questionnaire (50.4% donors; 38% nondonors; 11.6% former donors). Almost 70% of the nondonors would have become donors if they had known about the possibility. Travel time investment was reported as a disadvantage; one-half of donors mentioned no disadvantages. Motivators for anti-D donorship were "doing something in return" (31.2%) and "preventing others having a sick child or losing a child" (33.9%). In multivariable analysis, living single (odds ratio, 5.8; p = 0.02) and living partnered without resident children (odds ratio, 7.9; p = 0.03), compared with living partnered with children, were predictors for anti-D donorship. Not being registered as an organ donor (odds ratio, 0.25; p < 0.001) predicted that the individual would not be an anti-D donor. CONCLUSION The main barrier for anti-D donorship was a lack of knowledge. Positive predictors of anti-D donorship were living without resident children, altruism, and being registered as an organ donor. A blood bank should develop targeted recruitment strategies with a focus on spreading knowledge about anti-D donorship among RhD-immunized women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johanna Maria Koelewijn
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Midwifery Science, Academy of Midwifery Amsterdam-Groningen (AVAG) and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim L de Kort
- Sanquin Research, Department of Donor Studies, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eva-Maria Merz
- Sanquin Research, Department of Donor Studies, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Sociology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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19
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Charbonneau J, Cloutier M, Fainstein B. How do people become plasma and platelet donors in a VNR context? J Clin Apher 2017; 33:236-248. [PMID: 28841764 PMCID: PMC6099355 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Background The demand for therapeutic plasma‐derived products poses a challenge to blood collection agencies (BCAs). In 2014–2015, the volume of plasma sent for fractionation met 17.7% of Quebec's needs for immunoglobulins. This article aims to offer an exploration of the paths blood donors follow in order to become plasma and platelet donors (PPDs). Study Design and Method This analysis is based on semi‐structured interviews with 50 PPDs in Quebec, Canada. Our analysis focused on the occurrence of events and the presence of contextual elements identified through: (1) factual data on PPDs; and (2) what PPDs identified as being an influence on their donation experience. This information was synthesized using a typology of trajectories. Results Six typical trajectories have been distinguished, first by the presence (19/50 respondents) or absence (31/50) of blood donation as a family tradition. Of the latter 31 donors, some pointed instead to inherited family values as having a significant influence on their commitment (11/31). Donors' careers were then distinguished as having started early (34) or late (16). Sub‐types then appeared with the addition of other contextual elements, motivation profiles, and circumstances under which the conversion to apheresis donation occurred. Conclusion Our findings suggest the existence of diversified donor trajectories, and confirm the importance of conducting more in‐depth analyses of the sequence of events occurring along PPDs career. BCAs should develop strategies carefully tailored to different potential clienteles if they wish to convert whole blood donors to apheresis donation, and also focus on recruiting and retaining young PPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Charbonneau
- INRS, Centre Urbanisation Culture Société385 Sherbrooke Street East, MontrealQCCanada H2X 1E3
| | - Marie‐Soleil Cloutier
- INRS, Centre Urbanisation Culture Société385 Sherbrooke Street East, MontrealQCCanada H2X 1E3
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20
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Merz EM, van den Hurk K, de Kort WLAM. Organ Donation Registration and Decision-Making Among Current Blood Donors in the Netherlands. Prog Transplant 2017; 27:266-272. [PMID: 29187094 DOI: 10.1177/1526924817715470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the Netherlands, there is a constant shortage in donor organs, resulting in long waiting lists. The decision to register as organ donor is associated with several demographic, cultural, and personal factors. Previous research on attitudes and motivations toward blood and organ donations provided similar results. RESEARCH QUESTION The current study investigated demographic, cultural, and personal determinants of organ donation registration among current Dutch blood donors. DESIGN We used data from Donor InSight (2012; N = 20 063), a cohort study among Dutch blood donors, to test whether age, gender, religious and political preferences, donor attitude, and altruism predicted organ donor registration among current blood donors. RESULTS Organ donors were more often represented in the blood donor population compared to the general Dutch population. Women showed a higher propensity to be registered as organ donor. Higher education as well as higher prosocial value orientation, prosocial behavior, that is, doing volunteer work, and awareness of need significantly associated with being registered as organ donor. Religious denomination negatively predicted organ donation registration across all faiths. DISCUSSION Results are discussed in light of cultural context, and possible implications for improving information provision and recruitment are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Merz
- 1 Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,2 Department of Sociology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katja van den Hurk
- 1 Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim L A M de Kort
- 1 Department of Donor Studies, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,3 Department of Social Medicine, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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21
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Individual, contextual and network characteristics of blood donors and non-donors: a systematic review of recent literature. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2017; 15:382-397. [PMID: 28686151 DOI: 10.2450/2017.0064-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing population and recent migration flows may negatively affect the blood supply in the long term, increasing the importance of targeted recruitment and retention strategies to address donors. This review sought to identify individual, network and contextual characteristics related to blood donor status and behaviour, to systematically discuss differences between study results, and to identify possible factors to target in recruitment and retention efforts. METHODS The systematic review was conducted in accordance with a predefined PROSPERO protocol (CRD42016039591). After quality assessments by multiple independent raters, a final set of 66 peer-reviewed papers, published between October 2009 and January 2017, were included for review. RESULTS Individual and contextual characteristics of blood donor status and behaviour were categorised into five main lines of research: donor demographics, motivations and barriers, adverse reactions and deferral, contextual factors, and blood centre factors. Results on donor demographics, motivations and barriers, and contextual factors were inconclusive, differing between studies, countries, and sample characteristics. Adverse reactions and deferral were negatively related to blood donor behaviour. Blood centre factors play an important role in donor management, e.g., providing information, reminders, and (non-)monetary rewards. No studies were found on network characteristics of (non-)donors. DISCUSSION Although individual and contextual characteristics strongly relate to blood donor status and behaviour, mechanisms underlying these relations have not been studied sufficiently. We want to stress the importance of longitudinal studies in donor behaviour, exploring the role of life events and network characteristics within blood donor careers. Increased understanding of donor behaviour will assist policy makers of blood collection agencies, with the ultimate goal of safeguarding a sufficient and matching blood supply.
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22
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Klinkenberg EF, Romeijn B, de Kort WL, Merz EM. Reasons to end the donor career: a quantitative study among stopped blood donors in the Netherlands. Transfus Med 2017; 28:200-207. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. F. Klinkenberg
- Department of Donor Studies; Sanquin Research; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - B. Romeijn
- Department of Donor Studies; Sanquin Research; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - W. L. de Kort
- Department of Donor Studies; Sanquin Research; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - E.-M. Merz
- Department of Donor Studies; Sanquin Research; Amsterdam the Netherlands
- Department of Sociology; VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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23
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Beurel A, Terrade F, Lebaudy JP, Danic B. Determinants of plasma donation: A review of the literature. Transfus Clin Biol 2017. [PMID: 28645645 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The major contribution of Human Sciences in the understanding of the whole blood donation behavior has been through the study of individuals' motivations and deterrents to donate. However, if whole blood donation has been very widely studied in the last sixty years, we still know very little about plasma donation in voluntary non-remunerated environments. Yet, the need for plasma-derived products has been strongly increasing for some years, and blood collection agencies have to adapt if they want to meet this demand. This article aims to review the main motivations and deterrents to whole blood donation, and to compare them with those that we already know concerning plasma donation. Current evidence shows similarities between both behaviors, but also differences that indicate a need for further research regarding plasma donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beurel
- Université Rennes 2, LP3C, place Recteur-Henri-Le-Moal, CS 24307, 35043 Rennes cedex, France.
| | - F Terrade
- Université Rennes 2, LP3C, place Recteur-Henri-Le-Moal, CS 24307, 35043 Rennes cedex, France
| | - J-P Lebaudy
- Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, rue Pierre-Jean-Gineste, 35016 Rennes cedex, France
| | - B Danic
- Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, rue Pierre-Jean-Gineste, 35016 Rennes cedex, France
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24
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[Commitment in plasmapheresis donation: A study of determinants among regular donors in plasmapheresis]. Transfus Clin Biol 2017; 24:38-46. [PMID: 28336244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study, based on the Theory of planned behavior, is to identify and ultimately better understand what determines the fidelity and the regularity of donors committed in plasmapheresis donation. This qualitative study is a primary stage to establish a classification of donors in a French socio-cultural context. For this reason, we have carried out a survey among 16 regular plasmapheresis donors, by way of semi-structured individual interviews at the Établissement français du sang - Brittany. The level of commitment of these regular donors is considered as a level of appropriation. If subjective norms have initially influenced their decision to donate blood, no specific motivation has been highlighted for them to donate plasma except a generally favourable attitude towards the voluntary donation process. The perception of control over their environment is a variable which played a decisive role in the donor's intention to give, with little cost associated to plasmapheresis donation and recourse to internal causal explanations. A better comprehension of the plasmapheresis donors' determinants should lead us to a more efficient awareness of new potential donors, thereby enhancing recruitment and retention. Due to the increasing need for plasma-derived products, this study's ultimate issue is closely correlated both with ethical and socio-economic aspects. Following which, after analysing the results, a certain number of recommendations will be made.
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25
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How Can We Improve Retention of the First-Time Donor? A Systematic Review of the Current Evidence. Transfus Med Rev 2016; 30:81-91. [PMID: 26971186 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood products are critical to health systems and donations by voluntary nonremunerated donors are recommended. Worldwide, however, only around 5% of those eligible to donate do so and around half of those never return to donate again. This review focuses on what deters first-time donors, what predicts their retention, and what interventions may promote retention of this group. A comprehensive search of relevant databases identified 9 studies investigating motives and deterrents of first-time donors, 14 studies investigating predictors for first-time donors (13 whole blood [WB] and 2 plasmapheresis), and 15 studies (in 14 published articles) detailing interventions conducted on first-time donors. Drawing on an established blood donation taxonomy, studies were classified by 2 independent raters. Interventions were also classified into traditional, behavioral, or social science interventions. With only 2 eligible studies among first-time plasmapheresis donors, analyses focused on WB donors. First-time WB donors reported benevolent and collectivistic motivations, as well as personal benefits to commence WB donation. Self-reported deterrents have typically not been examined. Intention predicted first-time donor retention with intention determined by attitudes and a sense of (perceived behavioral) control. However, anxiety, adverse events, and deferrals all deterred retention. Traditional interventions, such as reminders and incentives, are widespread yet had only a small effect on return of first-time donors. Although behavioral science interventions such as fluid loading are effective, the strongest effect for the return of first-time donors was found when individual psychological support was provided. The purpose of this analysis was to identify the factors associated with the commencement and continuation of first WB donations. The current review revealed that self-reported motivators are typically not effective, and most successful predictive factors identified have not been translated into interventions. Future work would do well to identify, manage, and meet donors' expectations along with developing more individualized donation experiences. Blood donor research should delineate donor career stages; addressing first-time donor retention will support stable panels for blood collection agencies.
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26
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Gazibara T, Kovacevic N, Maric G, Kurtagic I, Nurkovic S, Kisic-Tepavcevic D, Pekmezovic T. Factors associated with positive attitude towards blood donation among medical students. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:381-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Whole blood and apheresis donors in Quebec, Canada: Demographic differences and motivations to donate. Transfus Apher Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Motivational Differences between Whole Blood and Apheresis Donors in Quebec, Canada: A Questionnaire-Based Survey in a Voluntary Nonremunerated Context. JOURNAL OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION 2015; 2015:568259. [PMID: 26295006 PMCID: PMC4532863 DOI: 10.1155/2015/568259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Finding ways to recruit apheresis donors is crucial. The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative analysis of the motivations of regular plasma/platelets donors (PPDs) in comparison with those of regular whole blood donors (WBDs), in a voluntary and nonremunerated context. Study Design and Methods. Motives to donate blood and demographic characteristics were collected through questionnaires completed by 795 WBDs and 473 PPDs. Chi-square tests were completed to determine which motivations stand out across the two blood donor groups. Results. The motivator selected by the highest percentage was “my blood can save lives.” Comparison of WBDs and PPDs showed that 12 out of 23 items were statistically significantly different from one group to another. Conclusion. The belief that helping others is in their nature is more prevalent among PPDs. In this sense, their profile is unique. Four other motivators distinguish this group from the WBDs: “I think there is a strong need for blood products,” “it gives me a sense of pride,” “I like to have goals,” and “I receive telephone reminders.” These motivators point to the role the ongoing support provided by blood collection agencies (BCAs) plays with PPDs.
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29
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Recruiting and retaining plasmapheresis donors: A critical belief analysis. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 52:350-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Masser B, Bagot K. Plasmapheresis: recruitment, retention and flexible donors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Masser
- School of Psychology; The University of Queensland; St Lucia Qld Australia
- Research & Development, Australian Red Cross Blood Service; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - K. Bagot
- Public Health; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; Heidelberg VIC Australia
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Factors associated with psychological and physiological stress reactions to blood donation: a systematic review of the literature. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2015; 13:354-62. [PMID: 25761310 DOI: 10.2450/2015.0139-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bagot KL, Masser BM, White KM. Using an Extended Theory of Planned Behavior to Predict a Change in the Type of Blood Product Donated. Ann Behav Med 2015; 49:510-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-014-9677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Mousavi SA, Hermundstad B, Kjustad Frøyland EM, Llohn AH, Knutsen TR. Poor appointment-keeping behaviour among repeat blood donors and its relationship to the intent to donate again. Transfus Med 2014; 24:233-8. [PMID: 25040890 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anecdotal evidence suggests that missed donation appointments among repeat whole-blood donors are associated with decreased likelihood of future blood donation. This study sought to examine the relationship between missed donation appointments and intention to donate again among repeat whole-blood donors and to examine whether demographic variables are related to appointment-keeping behaviour. METHODS During the period February-June 2013, telephone interviews were conducted with repeat donors who either did not show up for or cancelled their donation appointments on the day of the appointment. We asked them whether or not they wanted to schedule appointments for subsequent donations. RESULTS Rates of missed donation appointments varied by age, but not gender. Although a statistically significant difference between male and female donors was not found with regard to willingness to donate again, female donors were more likely than male donors to call and cancel their appointment. Finally, compared with repeat donors who called and cancelled their appointment, no-show donors were 2.5 times less likely to schedule appointments for subsequent donations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that poor appointment-keeping behaviour, and in particular no-show behaviour, is significantly associated with decreased likelihood of future blood donation among repeat whole-blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Mousavi
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
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Masser B, Smith G, Williams LA. Donor research in australia: challenges and promise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:296-301. [PMID: 25254025 DOI: 10.1159/000365016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Donors are the key to the core business of Blood Collection Agencies (BCAs). However, historically, they have not been a focus of research undertaken by these organizations. This model is now changing, with significant donor research groups established in a number of countries, including Australia. Donor research in the Australian Red Cross Blood Service (Blood Service) is concentrated in the Donor and Community Research (DCR) team. Cognizant of the complex and ever-changing landscape with regard to optimal donor management, the DCR team collaborates with academics located at universities around Australia to coordinate a broad program of research that addresses both short- and-long term challenges to the blood supply. This type of collaboration is not, however, without challenges. Two major collaborative programs of the Blood Service's research, focusing on i) the recruitment and retention of plasmapheresis donors and ii) the role of the emotion pride in donor motivation and return, are showcased to elucidate how the challenges of conducting collaborative BCA research can be met. In so doing, these and the other research programs described herein demonstrate how the Blood Service supports and contributes to research that not only revises operational procedures but also contributes to advances in basic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Masser
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Geoff Smith
- The School of Advertising, Marketing and Public Relations, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD (paper completed while affiliated with Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, VIC), Australia
| | - Lisa A Williams
- School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Godin G, Germain M. Predicting first lifetime plasma donation among whole blood donors. Transfusion 2013; 53 Suppl 5:157S-61S. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaston Godin
- Research Group on Behaviour and Health; Laval University; Québec Canada
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van Dongen A, Ruiter R, Abraham C, Veldhuizen I. Predicting blood donation maintenance: the importance of planning future donations. Transfusion 2013; 54:821-7. [PMID: 24033122 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anne van Dongen
- Department of Donor Studies; Sanquin Research; Nijmegen the Netherlands
| | - Robert Ruiter
- Department of Work and Social Psychology; Maastricht University; Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Charles Abraham
- Peninsula College of Medicine & Dentistry; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Ingrid Veldhuizen
- Department of Donor Studies; Sanquin Research; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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